1
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Wells TN, Schmidt H, Hawkins AR. Constrained Volume Micro- and Nanoparticle Collection Methods in Microfluidic Systems. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:699. [PMID: 38930668 PMCID: PMC11206162 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Particle trapping and enrichment into confined volumes can be useful in particle processing and analysis. This review is an evaluation of the methods used to trap and enrich particles into constrained volumes in microfluidic and nanofluidic systems. These methods include physical, optical, electrical, magnetic, acoustic, and some hybrid techniques, all capable of locally enhancing nano- and microparticle concentrations on a microscale. Some key qualitative and quantitative comparison points are also explored, illustrating the specific applicability and challenges of each method. A few applications of these types of particle trapping are also discussed, including enhancing biological and chemical sensors, particle washing techniques, and fluid medium exchange systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner N. Wells
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Aaron R. Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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2
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Chai Z, Childress A, Busnaina AA. Directed Assembly of Nanomaterials for Making Nanoscale Devices and Structures: Mechanisms and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17641-17686. [PMID: 36269234 PMCID: PMC9706815 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication has been utilized to manufacture one-, two-, and three-dimensional functional nanostructures for applications such as electronics, sensors, and photonic devices. Although conventional silicon-based nanofabrication (top-down approach) has developed into a technique with extremely high precision and integration density, nanofabrication based on directed assembly (bottom-up approach) is attracting more interest recently owing to its low cost and the advantages of additive manufacturing. Directed assembly is a process that utilizes external fields to directly interact with nanoelements (nanoparticles, 2D nanomaterials, nanotubes, nanowires, etc.) and drive the nanoelements to site-selectively assemble in patterned areas on substrates to form functional structures. Directed assembly processes can be divided into four different categories depending on the external fields: electric field-directed assembly, fluidic flow-directed assembly, magnetic field-directed assembly, and optical field-directed assembly. In this review, we summarize recent progress utilizing these four processes and address how these directed assembly processes harness the external fields, the underlying mechanism of how the external fields interact with the nanoelements, and the advantages and drawbacks of utilizing each method. Finally, we discuss applications made using directed assembly and provide a perspective on the future developments and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chai
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Anthony Childress
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Busnaina
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
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3
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Untethered: using remote magnetic fields for regenerative medicine. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:615-631. [PMID: 36220708 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic fields are increasingly being used for the remote, noncontact manipulation of cells and biomaterials for a wide range of regenerative medical (RM) applications. They have been deployed for their direct effects on biological systems or in conjunction with magnetic materials or magnetically tagged cells for a targeted therapeutic effect. In this work, we highlight the recent trends on the broad use of magnetic fields for the homing of therapeutic cells and particles at targeted tissue sites, biomimetic tissue fabrication, and control of cell fate and proliferation. We also survey the design and control principles of magnetic manipulation systems, including their capabilities and limitations, which can guide future research into developing more effective magnetic field-based regenerative strategies.
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4
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Lu G, Yuan H, Zhou J, Chen F, Li C, Xue T, Shu X, Zhao Y, Nie J, Zhu X. Patterned Magnetofluids via Magnetic Printing and Photopolymerization for Multifunctional Flexible Electronic Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30332-30342. [PMID: 35730674 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid conductor-based flexible sensors with high mechanical deformability and reliable electrical reversibility have aroused great interest in electronic skin, soft robotics, environmental monitoring, and other fields. Herein, we develop a novel strategy to fabricate liquid conductor-based flexible sensors by combining ionic liquid-based magnetofluids (IL-MFs), magnetic printing, and photopolymerization techniques. The as-prepared sensors exhibit excellent electromechanical properties, such as a wide detection range, low hysteresis, fast response time, good durability, etc. Moreover, the gauge factors (GFs) of the sensor could be easily adjusted by changing the modulators with different line widths or patterns, and the strain sensors can also be designed for anisotropic monitoring. Apart from serving as strain sensors, the magnetofluid-based flexible sensors can be used to detect external pressure, human activities, and changes in temperature, illumination, and magnetic field as well. This work provides a facile strategy to fabricate liquid conductor-based multifunctional sensors. Such a magnetofluid-based sensor has a great promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hengda Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiulei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Tanlong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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5
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Chansoria P, Asif S, Gupta N, Piedrahita J, Shirwaiker RA. Multiscale Anisotropic Tissue Biofabrication via Bulk Acoustic Patterning of Cells and Functional Additives in Hybrid Bioinks. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102351. [PMID: 35030290 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recapitulation of the microstructural organization of cellular and extracellular components found in natural tissues is an important but challenging feat for tissue engineering, which demands innovation across both process and material fronts. In this work, a highly versatile ultrasound-assisted biofabrication (UAB) approach is demonstrated that utilizes radiation forces generated by superimposing ultrasonic bulk acoustic waves to rapidly organize arrays of cells and other biomaterial additives within single and multilayered hydrogel constructs. UAB is used in conjunction with a novel hybrid bioink system, comprising of cartilage-forming cells (human adipose-derived stem cells or chondrocytes) and additives to promote cell adhesion (collagen microaggregates or polycaprolactone microfibers) encapsulated within gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels, to fabricate cartilaginous tissue constructs featuring bulk anisotropy. The hybrid matrices fabricated under the appropriate synergistic thermo-reversible and photocrosslinking conditions demonstrate enhanced mechanical stiffness, stretchability, strength, construct shape fidelity and aligned encapsulated cell morphology and collagen II secretion in long-term culture. Hybridization of UAB is also shown with extrusion and stereolithography printing to fabricate constructs featuring 3D perfusable channels for vasculature combined with a crisscross or circumferential organization of cells and adhesive bioadditives, which is relevant for further translation of UAB toward complex physiological-scale biomimetic tissue fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Chansoria
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering and Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Suleman Asif
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering and Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Nithin Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Jorge Piedrahita
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Rohan A. Shirwaiker
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Comparative Medicine Institute Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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6
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Ultrasound in cellulose-based hydrogel for biomedical use: From extraction to preparation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 212:112368. [PMID: 35114437 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant natural polymer on the pl anet, cellulose has a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. Cellulose-based hydrogels further expand the applications of this class of biomaterials. However, a number of publications and technical reports are mainly about traditional preparation methods. Sonochemistry offers a simple and green route to material synthesis with the biomedical application of ultrasound. The tiny acoustic bubbles, produced by the propagating sound wave, enclose an incredible facility where matter interact among at energy as high as 13 eV to spark extraordinary chemical reactions. Ultrasonication not only improves the efficiency of cellulose extraction from raw materials, but also influences the hydrogel preparation process. The primary objective of this article is to review the literature concerning the biomedical cellulose-based hydrogel prepared via sonochemistry and application of ultrasound for hydrogel. An innovated category of recent generations of hydrogel materials prepared via ultrasound was also presented in some details.
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Manzoor AA, Romita L, Hwang DK. A review on microwell and microfluidic geometric array fabrication techniques and its potential applications in cellular studies. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali Manzoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Lauren Romita
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dae Kun Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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8
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Ushijima E, Fujimoto S, Nakazato K. Arranging Diamagnetic Particles in a Modulated Magnetic Field Originating in Microelectromechanical Systems Compatible with an Integrated Circuit upon Halbach Array Magnet. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23157-23163. [PMID: 32954166 PMCID: PMC7495775 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to expand the applicability of the mechanism for arranging diamagnetic particles in a modulated magnetic field. A Halbach array magnet was prototyped as a portable device for generating a high magnetic field. Despite the magnet being palm-size with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 20 mm, the magnetic field is 1.31 T at 1 mm from the surface. Additionally, an Si substrate on which an Fe thin film is formed and patterned to be compatible with the integrated circuit (IC)-utilizing the microelectromechanical systems process technology-is prototyped as a tool to generate a modulated magnetic field. Regarding the deposition condition of the Fe thin film, holes with diameters of 30 μm are arranged in an array at intervals of 60 μm, and the thickness is approximately 0.5 μm. Finally, a particle magnetic-adsorption experiment was conducted using the prototypes. The diamagnetic particles (diameter: 25 μm) dispersed in the paramagnetic surrounding medium were observed to be arranged in the hole portions. This result indicates that the microparticles are absorbed in their arbitrary positions by the modulated magnetic field. In the end, we succeeded in achieving the portability and implementation on IC for the particle arrangement magnetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizo Ushijima
- R&D
Department, Aisin Cosmos R&D Co., Ltd., Kariya 448-8650, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujimoto
- Design
and Development Department, MEMS CORE CO.,
Ltd., Sendai 981-3206, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakazato
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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9
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Yamato M, Kimura T. Magnetic Processing of Diamagnetic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1491. [PMID: 32635334 PMCID: PMC7408077 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, materials scientists and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopists have easy access to high magnetic fields of approximately 10 T supplied by superconducting magnets. Neodymium magnets that generate magnetic fields of approximately 1 T are readily available for laboratory use and are widely used in daily life applications, such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. Such common access to magnetic fields-unexpected 30 years ago-has helped researchers discover new magnetic phenomena and use such phenomena to process diamagnetic materials. Although diamagnetism is well known, it is only during the last 30 years that researchers have applied magnetic processing to various classes of diamagnetic materials such as ceramics, biomaterials, and polymers. The magnetic effects that we report herein are largely attributable to the magnetic force, magnetic torque, and magnetic enthalpy that in turn, directly derive from the well-defined magnetic energy. An example of a more complex magnetic effect is orientation of crystalline polymers under an applied magnetic field; researchers do not yet fully understand the crystallization mechanism. Our review largely focuses on polymeric materials. Research topics such as magnetic effect on chiral recognition are interesting yet beyond our scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Yamato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University,1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tsunehisa Kimura
- Division of Forestry and Biomaterials, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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10
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Fan L, Luo T, Guan Z, Chow YT, Chen S, Wei T, Shakoor A, Lam RHW, Sun D. Gravitational sedimentation-based approach for ultra-simple and flexible cell patterning coculture on microfluidic device. Biofabrication 2020; 12:035005. [PMID: 32182591 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab80b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combining patterning coculture technique with microfluidics enables the reconstruction of complex in-vivo system to facilitate in-vitro studies on cell-cell and cell-environment interactions. However, simple and versatile approaches for patterning coculture of cells on microfluidic platforms remain lacking. In this study, a novel gravitational sedimentation-based approach is presented to achieve ultra-simple and flexible cell patterning coculture on a microfluidic platform, where multiple cell types can be patterned simultaneously to form a well-organized cell coculture. In contrast to other approaches, the proposed approach allows the rapid patterning of multiple cell types in microfluidic channels without the use of sheath flow and a prepatterned functional surface. This feature greatly simplifies the experimental setup, operation, and chip fabrication. Moreover, cell patterning can be adjusted by simply modifying the cell-loading tubing direction, thereby enabling great flexibility for the construction of different cell patterns without complicating the chip design and flow control. A series of physical and biological experiments are conducted to validate the proposed approach. This research paves a new way for building physiologically realistic in-vitro coculture models on microfluidic platforms for various applications, such as cell-cell interaction and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ha M, Athirasala A, Tahayeri A, Menezes PP, Bertassoni LE. Micropatterned hydrogels and cell alignment enhance the odontogenic potential of stem cells from apical papilla in-vitro. Dent Mater 2020; 36:88-96. [PMID: 31780101 PMCID: PMC7395926 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An understanding of the extracellular matrix characteristics which stimulate and guide stem cell differentiation in the dental pulp is fundamental for the development of enhanced dental regenerative therapies. Our objectives, in this study, were to determine whether stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) responded to substrate stiffness, whether hydrogels providing micropatterned topographical cues stimulate SCAP self-alignment, and whether the resulting alignment could influence their differentiation towards an odontogenic lineage in-vitro. METHODS Experiments utilized gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels of increasing concentrations (5, 10 and 15%). We determined their compressive modulus via unconfined compression and analyzed cell spreading via F-actin/DAPI immunostaining. GelMA hydrogels were micropatterned using photolithography, in order to generate microgrooves and ridges of 60 and 120μm, onto which SCAP were seeded and analyzed for self-alignment via fluorescence microscopy. Lastly, we analyzed the odontogenic differentiation of SCAP using alkaline phosphatase protein expression (ANOVA/Tukey α=0.05). RESULTS SCAP appeared to proliferate better on stiffer hydrogels. Both 60 and 120μm micropatterned hydrogels guided the self-alignment of SCAP with no significant difference between them. Similarly, both 60 and 120μm micropattern aligned cells promoted higher odontogenic differentiation than non-patterned controls. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, both substrate mechanics and geometry have a statistically significant influence on SCAP response, and may assist in the odontogenic differentiation of dental stem cells. These results may point toward the fabrication of cell-guiding scaffolds for regenerative endodontics, and may provide cues regarding the development of the pulp-dentin interface during tooth formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ha
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Avathamsa Athirasala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anthony Tahayeri
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paula P Menezes
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
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12
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Chansoria P, Shirwaiker R. Characterizing the Process Physics of Ultrasound-Assisted Bioprinting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13889. [PMID: 31554888 PMCID: PMC6761177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has been evolving as an important strategy for the fabrication of engineered tissues for clinical, diagnostic, and research applications. A major advantage of bioprinting is the ability to recapitulate the patient-specific tissue macro-architecture using cellular bioinks. The effectiveness of bioprinting can be significantly enhanced by incorporating the ability to preferentially organize cellular constituents within 3D constructs to mimic the intrinsic micro-architectural characteristics of native tissues. Accordingly, this work focuses on a new non-contact and label-free approach called ultrasound-assisted bioprinting (UAB) that utilizes acoustophoresis principle to align cells within bioprinted constructs. We describe the underlying process physics and develop and validate computational models to determine the effects of ultrasound process parameters (excitation mode, excitation time, frequency, voltage amplitude) on the relevant temperature, pressure distribution, and alignment time characteristics. Using knowledge from the computational models, we experimentally investigate the effect of selected process parameters (frequency, voltage amplitude) on the critical quality attributes (cellular strand width, inter-strand spacing, and viability) of MG63 cells in alginate as a model bioink system. Finally, we demonstrate the UAB of bilayered constructs with parallel (0°-0°) and orthogonal (0°-90°) cellular alignment across layers. Results of this work highlight the key interplay between the UAB process design and characteristics of aligned cellular constructs, and represent an important next step in our ability to create biomimetic engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Chansoria
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
| | - Rohan Shirwaiker
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America.
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America.
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America.
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13
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Chansoria P, Narayanan LK, Schuchard K, Shirwaiker R. Ultrasound-assisted biofabrication and bioprinting of preferentially aligned three-dimensional cellular constructs. Biofabrication 2019; 11:035015. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab15cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Liu X, Huang J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li B. Optofluidic organization and transport of cell chain. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1627-1635. [PMID: 28464453 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Controllable organization and transport of cell chain in a fluid, which is of great importance in biological and medical fields, have attracted increasing attentions in recent years. Here we demonstrate an optofluidic strategy, by implanting the microfluidic technique with a large-tapered-angle fiber probe (LTAP), to organize and transport a cell chain in a noncontact and noninvasive manner. After a laser beam at 980-nm wavelength launched into LTAP, the E. coli cells were continuously trapped and then arranged into a cell chain one after another. The chain can be transported by adjusting the magnitudes of optical force and flow drag force. The proposed technique can also be applied for the eukaryotic cells (e. g., yeast cell) and human red blood cells (RBCs). Experiment results were interpreted by the numerical simulation, and the stiffness of cell chain was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
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15
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Abdel Fattah AR, Meleca E, Mishriki S, Lelic A, Geng F, Sahu RP, Ghosh S, Puri IK. In Situ 3D Label-Free Contactless Bioprinting of Cells through Diamagnetophoresis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2133-2138. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Rahman Abdel Fattah
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Elvira Meleca
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Sarah Mishriki
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Alina Lelic
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Rakesh P. Sahu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Suvojit Ghosh
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ishwar K. Puri
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
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16
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Tarn MD, Elders LT, Peyman SA, Pamme N. Diamagnetic repulsion of particles for multilaminar flow assays. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuous multilaminar flow reaction was performed on functionalised polymer particlesviadiamagnetic repulsion forces, using a simple, inexpensive setup.
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17
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Tarn MD, Peyman SA, Pamme N. Simultaneous trapping of magnetic and diamagnetic particle plugs for separations and bioassays. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Stoianov SV, Daengngam C, Borhani M, Zhang Y, Morris JR, Robinson HD. Amine-rich polyelectrolyte multilayers for patterned surface fixation of nanostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:2348-2357. [PMID: 22475030 DOI: 10.1021/am300117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a lithographic method for directly patterning the adhesive properties of amine-rich layer-by-layer assembled polymer films, useful for positioning metal and other nanostructures. The adhesive properties of the films are sufficiently robust that the films can be patterned with standard as opposed to soft lithographic methods. We perform the patterning with a lithographically defined evaporated aluminum mask which protects selected regions of the substrate, passivating adhesion in the exposed regions with acetic anhydride. When the aluminum is removed with a HCl etch, the protected regions retain their adhesion, whereas particle adsorption is almost completely eliminated in the passivated areas, making it possible to guide adsorption to the protected areas. The high degree of adhesion comes about because of uncoordinated amine groups that pervade the film. Cycling the pH from high values to low and back causes the amines to be rearranged, rejuvenating the adhesive properties of the surface, which is the likely origin of the robustness of the adhesive properties to processing. pH adjustment also causes reversible swelling and deswelling of the film, so that the vertical position and dielectric environment of the nanostructure can be dynamically adjusted, which can be particularly beneficial for tuning the plasmonic resonances of metallic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan V Stoianov
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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19
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Werner M, Merenda F, Piguet J, Salathé RP, Vogel H. Microfluidic array cytometer based on refractive optical tweezers for parallel trapping, imaging and sorting of individual cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2432-9. [PMID: 21655617 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of genetic and functional variability in populations of living cells requires experimental techniques capable of monitoring cellular processes such as cell signaling of many single cells in parallel while offering the possibility to sort interesting cell phenotypes for further investigations. Although flow cytometry is able to sequentially probe and sort thousands of cells per second, dynamic processes cannot be experimentally accessed on single cells due to the sub-second sampling time. Cellular dynamics can be measured by image cytometry of surface-immobilized cells, however, cell sorting is complicated under these conditions due to cell attachment. We here developed a cytometric tool based on refractive multiple optical tweezers combined with microfluidics and optical microscopy. We demonstrate contact-free immobilization of more than 200 yeast cells into a high-density array of optical traps in a microfluidic chip. The cell array could be moved to specific locations of the chip enabling us to expose in a controlled manner the cells to reagents and to analyze the responses of individual cells in a highly parallel format using fluorescence microscopy. We further established a method to sort single cells within the microfluidic device using an additional steerable optical trap. Ratiometric fluorescence imaging of intracellular pH of trapped yeast cells allowed us on the one hand to measure the effect of the trapping laser on the cells' viability and on the other hand to probe the dynamic response of the cells upon glucose sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Werner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Choudhury D, Mo X, Iliescu C, Tan LL, Tong WH, Yu H. Exploitation of physical and chemical constraints for three-dimensional microtissue construction in microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2011; 5:22203. [PMID: 21799710 PMCID: PMC3145229 DOI: 10.1063/1.3593407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There are a plethora of approaches to construct microtissues as building blocks for the repair and regeneration of larger and complex tissues. Here we focus on various physical and chemical trapping methods for engineering three-dimensional microtissue constructs in microfluidic systems that recapitulate the in vivo tissue microstructures and functions. Advances in these in vitro tissue models have enabled various applications, including drug screening, disease or injury models, and cell-based biosensors. The future would see strides toward the mesoscale control of even finer tissue microstructures and the scaling of various designs for high throughput applications. These tools and knowledge will establish the foundation for precision engineering of complex tissues of the internal organs for biomedical applications.
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Rodríguez-Villarreal AI, Tarn MD, Madden LA, Lutz JB, Greenman J, Samitier J, Pamme N. Flow focussing of particles and cells based on their intrinsic properties using a simple diamagnetic repulsion setup. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1240-8. [PMID: 21186390 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00464b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The continuous flow focussing and manipulation of particles and cells are important factors in microfluidic applications for performing accurate and reproducible procedures downstream. Many particle focussing methods require complex setups or channel designs that can limit the process and its applications. Here, we present diamagnetic repulsion as a simple means of focussing objects in continuous flow, based only on their intrinsic properties without the requirement of any label. Diamagnetic polystyrene particles were suspended in a paramagnetic medium and pumped through a capillary between a pair of permanent magnets, whereupon the particles were repelled by each magnet into the central axis of the capillary, thus achieving focussing. By investigating this effect, we found that the focussing was greatly enhanced with (i) increased magnetic susceptibility of the medium, (ii) reduced flow rate of the suspension, (iii) increased particle size, and (iv) increased residence time in the magnetic field. Furthermore, we applied diamagnetic repulsion to the flow focussing of living, label-free HaCaT cells.
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22
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Pang H, Gao F, Guan L, Huang Y, Lu Q. Magnetic field-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of magnetic microwire arrays. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Jerrim LB, Velev OD. Deposition of coatings from live yeast cells and large particles by "convective-sedimentation" assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5692-702. [PMID: 19366200 PMCID: PMC2682345 DOI: 10.1021/la900519p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Convective assembly at high volume fraction was used for the rapid deposition of uniform, close-packed coatings of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells onto glass slides. A computational model was developed to calculate the thickness profiles of such coatings for different set of conditions. Both the experiments and the numerical simulations demonstrated that the deposition process is strongly affected by the presence of sedimentation. The deposition device was inclined to increase the uniformity of the coatings by causing the cells to sediment toward the three-phase contact line. In accordance with the simulation, the experiments showed that both increasing the angle of the device and decreasing the angle between the slides increased the uniformity of the deposited coatings. Finally, the "convective-sedimentation" assembly method was used to deposit mixed layers of live cells and large latex particles as an example of immobilized biologically active composite coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B. Jerrim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Orlin D. Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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24
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Simple Magnetic Cell Patterning Using Streptavidin Paramagnetic Particles. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:332-41. [DOI: 10.3181/0809-rm-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple methodology for cell patterning has been developed that can potentially be used to position different types of mammalian cells with high precision. In this method, cell membrane proteins were first biotinylated and then bound to streptavidin paramagnetic particles. The magnetically labeled cells were then seeded onto culture dishes and patterned using low magnetic fields. Highly defined cell patterns were achieved using HeLa, TE671 cells and human monocytes. HeLa and TE671 cells were also sequentially patterned and successfully co-cultured on the same plate using this technique. Cell viability studies proved that this magnetic labeling method was not toxic to cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the magnetically labeled HeLa and TE671 cells internalized some of the paramagnetic particles after two days of culture, while the labeled human monocytes did the same after only one hour. Uptake of these particles did not affect the cell patterning and cell viability. This magnetic labeling process is fast, as it involves affinity-based attachment of paramagnetic particles and does not rely on cellular uptake of magnetic materials. It may be adaptable and scalable for various applications.
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25
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Frasca G, Gazeau F, Wilhelm C. Formation of a three-dimensional multicellular assembly using magnetic patterning. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:2348-2354. [PMID: 19166275 DOI: 10.1021/la8030792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a facile approach to design three-dimensional cellular assembly of tunable size and controlled geometry with applications for tissue engineering. Three-dimensional cell patterning was performed using external magnetic forces, without the need for substrate chemical or physical modifications. Human endothelial progenitor cells and mouse macrophages were magnetically labeled using anionic citrate-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Two magnetic tips were designed, and their magnetic field cartographies were calibrated. The focalized magnetic force generated ensured an efficient entrapment of the cells at the tips vicinity. By tuning the magnetic field gradient geometry and intensity, the magnetic cellular load, and the number of cells, we fully described the formation of the three-dimensional multicellular assemblies, and estimated the corresponding packing factor for a large range of experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Frasca
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS & Université Paris-Diderot, Paris Cedex 13, F-75205, France
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Tarn MD, Hirota N, Iles A, Pamme N. On-chip diamagnetic repulsion in continuous flow. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2009; 10:014611. [PMID: 27877262 PMCID: PMC5109609 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/10/1/014611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We explore the potential of a microfluidic continuous flow particle separation system based on the repulsion of diamagnetic materials from a high magnetic field. Diamagnetic polystyrene particles in paramagnetic manganese (II) chloride solution were pumped into a microfluidic chamber and their deflection behaviour in a high magnetic field applied by a superconducting magnet was investigated. Two particle sizes (5 and 10 μm) were examined in two concentrations of MnCl2 (6 and 10%). The larger particles were repelled to a greater extent than the smaller ones, and the effect was greatly enhanced when the particles were suspended in a higher concentration of MnCl2. These findings indicate that the system could be viable for the separation of materials of differing size and/or diamagnetic susceptibility, and as such could be suitable for the separation and sorting of small biological species for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Tarn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Noriyuki Hirota
- Nano Ceramics Center, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Alexander Iles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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Tsuda K, Sakka Y. Simultaneous alignment and micropatterning of carbon nanotubes using modulated magnetic field. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2009; 10:014603. [PMID: 27877254 PMCID: PMC5109605 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/10/1/014603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report simultaneous alignment and micropatterning of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a high magnetic field. It is important to prepare well-dispersed CNTs for alignment and patterning because CNT aggregation obstructs alignment. In magnetic field, highly anisotropic CNTs rotate in the direction stabilized in energy. Owing to their diamagnetic nature, CNTs suspended in a liquid medium are trapped in a weak magnetic field generated by a field modulator; meanwhile, they align to the applied strong magnetic field. The alignment has been achieved not only in polymers but also in ceramic and silicone composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Tsuda
- Nano Frontier Technology Co. Ltd, 3-10-6-105 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakka
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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Kimura F, Kimura T. Magnetic alignment and patterning of cellulose fibers. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2008; 9:024212. [PMID: 27877963 PMCID: PMC5099720 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/9/2/024212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The alignment and patterning of cellulose fibers under magnetic fields are reported. Static and rotating magnetic fields were used to align cellulose fibers with sizes ranging from millimeter to nanometer sizes. Cellulose fibers of the millimeter order, which were prepared for papermaking, and much smaller fibers with micrometer to nanometer sizes prepared by the acid hydrolysis of larger ones underwent magnetic alignment. Under a rotating field, a uniaxial alignment of fibers was achieved. The alignment was successfully fixed by the photopolymerization of a UV-curable resin precursor used as matrix. A monodomain chiral nematic film was prepared from an aqueous suspension of nanofibers. Using a field modulator inserted in a homogeneous magnetic field, simultaneous alignment and patterning were achieved.
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29
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Kimura T, Kamioka T, Kuga S. Filtration-Assisted Magnetic Micropatterning of Bacterial Cellulose. Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2006189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Piao G, Kimura F, Takahashi T, Moritani Y, Awano H, Nimori S, Tsuda K, Yonetake K, Kimura T. Alignment and Micropatterning of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Composites Using Modulated Magnetic Field. Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2006191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Su WT, Liao YF, Chu IM. Observation of fibroblast motility on a micro-grooved hydrophobic elastomer substrate with different geometric characteristics. Micron 2006; 38:278-85. [PMID: 16765053 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We used a hydrophobic micro-textured poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in the presence of serum protein at 37 degrees C to study the motility of mouse stromal fibroblast on variant (15-100microm) parallel ridge/groove with 30microm depth. In this paper, we observed the temporal changes in cell morphology and locomotion by using time-lapse phase-contrast microscopy. When fibroblasts seeded onto the micro-grooved substrate, almost all of cells concentrated at the bottom of the grooves. Sequentially, the fibroblasts attached and spread on the surface, migrated toward the walls of the grooves, climbed up and down the ridges frequently, apparently, the 30microm depth of groove did not hinder movement across the micro-grooves. Eventually, they stopped proliferating as a result of contact inhibition and formed a confluent monolayer on the ridges almost exclusively, with an orientation parallel to the direction of the ridge/groove. Cellular shape of fibroblast was enhanced with the micro-grooves, the form index of nucleus was 2.6-fold greater than that of cells on smooth surfaces. Further, we found that hydrophobic surfaces are more prone to direct cellular motility in comparison with hydrophilic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ta Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Johann
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, EPFL, STI-LMIS, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Magnetic forces are now being utilised in an amazing variety of microfluidic applications. Magnetohydrodynamic flow has been applied to the pumping of fluids through microchannels. Magnetic materials such as ferrofluids or magnetically doped PDMS have been used as valves. Magnetic microparticles have been employed for mixing of fluid streams. Magnetic particles have also been used as solid supports for bioreactions in microchannels. Trapping and transport of single cells are being investigated and recently, advances have been made towards the detection of magnetic material on-chip. The aim of this review is to introduce and discuss the various developments within the field of magnetism and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pamme
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), International Centre for Young Scientists (ICYS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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