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Cejas-Sánchez J, Caminade AM, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K, Sebastián RM. A water-soluble polyphosphorhydrazone Janus dendrimer built by "click" chemistry as support for Ru-complexes in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9120-9129. [PMID: 38738979 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04376b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The field of supported catalysis has experienced increased attention with respect to the development of novel architectures for immobilizing catalytic species, aiming to maintain or enhance their activity while facilitating the easy recovery and reuse of the active moiety. Dendrimers have been identified as promising candidates capable of imparting such properties to catalysts through selective functionalization. The present study details the synthesis of two polyphosphorhydrazone (PPH) dendrons, each incorporating azide or acetylene groups at the core for subsequent coupling through "click" triazole chemistry. Employing this methodology, a novel PPH Janus dendrimer was successfully synthesized, featuring ten polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains on one side of the structure and ten Ru(p-cymene) derivatives on the other. This design was intended to confer dual properties, influencing solubility modulation, and allowing the presence of active catalytic moieties. The synthesized dendrimer underwent testing in the isomerization of allyl alcohols in organic solvents and biphasic solvent mixtures. The results demonstrated a positive dendritic effect compared with model monometallic and bimetallic species, providing a proof-of-concept for the first PPH Janus dendrimer with tested applications in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Cejas-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse CEDEX 4, France
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rosa María Sebastián
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Cejas-Sánchez J, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K, Caminade AM, Sebastián RM. Strategies for the Preparation of Phosphorus Janus Dendrimers and Their Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:5570. [PMID: 37513445 PMCID: PMC10383788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers, being highly branched monodispersed macromolecules, predominantly exhibit identical terminal functionalities within their structural framework. Nonetheless, there are instances where the presence of two distinct surface functionalities becomes advantageous for the fulfilment of specific properties. To achieve this objective, one approach involves implementing Janus dendrimers, consisting of two dendrimeric wedges terminated by dissimilar functionalities. The prevalent method for creating these structures involves the synthesis of dendrons that possess a core functionality that complements that of a second dendron, facilitating their coupling to generate the desired dendrimers. In this comprehensive review, various techniques employed in the fabrication of phosphorus-based Janus dendrimers are elucidated, displaying the different coupling methodologies employed between the two units. The advantages of phosphorus dendrimers over classic dendrimers will be shown, as the presence of at least one phosphorus atom in each generation allows for the easy monitoring of reactions and the confirmation of purity through a simple technique such as 31P NMR, as these structures typically exhibit easily interpretable patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Cejas-Sánchez
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Rosa María Sebastián
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Magazzù A, Marcuello C. Investigation of Soft Matter Nanomechanics by Atomic Force Microscopy and Optical Tweezers: A Comprehensive Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13060963. [PMID: 36985857 PMCID: PMC10053849 DOI: 10.3390/nano13060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Soft matter exhibits a multitude of intrinsic physico-chemical attributes. Their mechanical properties are crucial characteristics to define their performance. In this context, the rigidity of these systems under exerted load forces is covered by the field of biomechanics. Moreover, cellular transduction processes which are involved in health and disease conditions are significantly affected by exogenous biomechanical actions. In this framework, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical tweezers (OT) can play an important role to determine the biomechanical parameters of the investigated systems at the single-molecule level. This review aims to fully comprehend the interplay between mechanical forces and soft matter systems. In particular, we outline the capabilities of AFM and OT compared to other classical bulk techniques to determine nanomechanical parameters such as Young's modulus. We also provide some recent examples of nanomechanical measurements performed using AFM and OT in hydrogels, biopolymers and cellular systems, among others. We expect the present manuscript will aid potential readers and stakeholders to fully understand the potential applications of AFM and OT to soft matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Magazzù
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, 98158 Mesina, Italy
- NLHT-Lab, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Carlos Marcuello
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-876555357
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4
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Sousa CFV, Fernandez-Megia E, Borges J, Mano JF. Supramolecular dendrimer-containing layer-by-layer nanoassemblies for bioapplications: current status and future prospects. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00988e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of the supramolecular dendrimer-containing multifunctional layer-by-layer nanoassemblies driven by a multitude of intermolecular interactions for biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana F. V. Sousa
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - João Borges
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Majoral JP, Zablocka M, Ciepluch K, Milowska K, Bryszewska M, Shcharbin D, Katir N, El Kadib A, Caminade AM, Mignani S. Hybrid phosphorus–viologen dendrimers as new soft nanoparticles: design and properties. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Design of new families of dendritic soft nanoparticles constituted of phosphorus, viologen and carbosilane fragments and their properties as nanomaterials and applications in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- CNRS
- UPR 8241
- 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4
- France
| | - Maria Zablocka
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Science
- 90001 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Karol Ciepluch
- Division of Medical Biology
- Jan Kochanowski University
- Kielce
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Milowska
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- Lodz
- Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- Lodz
- Poland
| | | | - Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Center
- Engineering Division
- Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF)
- Fès
- Morocco
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center
- Engineering Division
- Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF)
- Fès
- Morocco
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- CNRS
- UPR 8241
- 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4
- France
| | - Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique
- Université Paris Descartes
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité
- CNRS UMR 860
- 75006 Paris
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6
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Phosphorus Dendrimers as Nanotools against Cancers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153333. [PMID: 32708025 PMCID: PMC7435762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review concerns the use of dendrimers, especially of phosphorhydrazone dendrimers, against cancers. After the introduction, the review is organized in three main topics, depending on the role played by the phosphorus dendrimers against cancers: (i) as drugs by themselves; (ii) as carriers of drugs; and (iii) as indirect inducer of cancerous cell death. In the first part, two main types of phosphorus dendrimers are considered: those functionalized on the surface by diverse organic derivatives, including known drugs, and those functionalized by diverse metal complexes. The second part will display the role of dendrimers as carriers of anticancer “drugs”, which can be either small molecules or anticancer siRNAs, or the combination of both. In the third part are gathered a few examples of phosphorhydrazone dendrimers that are not cytotoxic by themselves, but which under certain circumstances induce a cytotoxic effect on cancerous cells. These examples include a positive influence on the human immune system and the combination of bioimaging with photodynamic therapy properties.
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7
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Majoral J, Caminade A. Phosphorhydrazones as Useful Building Blocks for Special Architectures: Macrocycles and Dendrimers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS 205, route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
- LCC‐CNRS Université de Toulouse CNRS Toulouse France
| | - Anne‐Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS 205, route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
- LCC‐CNRS Université de Toulouse CNRS Toulouse France
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8
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Kim S, Geryak RD, Zhang S, Ma R, Calabrese R, Kaplan DL, Tsukruk VV. Interfacial Shear Strength and Adhesive Behavior of Silk Ionomer Surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2876-2886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghan Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ren D. Geryak
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Shuaidi Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ruilong Ma
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Rossella Calabrese
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Vladimir. V. Tsukruk
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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9
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Bifunctional Phosphorus Dendrimers and Their Properties. Molecules 2016; 21:538. [PMID: 27120586 PMCID: PMC6273332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are hyperbranched and monodisperse macromolecules, generally considered as a special class of polymers, but synthesized step-by-step. Most dendrimers have a uniform structure, with a single type of terminal function. However, it is often desirable to have at least two different functional groups. This review will discuss the case of bifunctional phosphorus-containing dendrimers, and the consequences for their properties. Besides the terminal functions, dendritic structures may have also a function at the core, or linked off-center to the core, or at the core of dendrons (dendritic wedges). Association of two dendrons having different terminal functions leads to Janus dendrimers (two faces). The internal structure can also possess functional groups on one layer, or linked to one layer, or on several layers. Finally, there are several ways to have two types of terminal functions, besides the case of Janus dendrimers: either each terminal function bears two functions sequentially, or two different functions are linked to each terminal branching point. Examples of each type of structure will be given in this review, as well as practical uses of such sophisticated structures in the fields of fluorescence, catalysis, nanomaterials and biology.
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10
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Xu W, Ledin PA, Shevchenko VV, Tsukruk VV. Architecture, Assembly, and Emerging Applications of Branched Functional Polyelectrolytes and Poly(ionic liquid)s. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12570-12596. [PMID: 26010902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Branched polyelectrolytes with cylindrical brush, dendritic, hyperbranched, grafted, and star architectures bearing ionizable functional groups possess complex and unique assembly behavior in solution at surfaces and interfaces as compared to their linear counterparts. This review summarizes the recent developments in the introduction of various architectures and understanding of the assembly behavior of branched polyelectrolytes with a focus on functional polyelectrolytes and poly(ionic liquid)s with responsive properties. The branched polyelectrolytes and poly(ionic liquid)s interact electrostatically with small molecules, linear polyelectrolytes, or other branched polyelectrolytes to form assemblies of hybrid nanoparticles, multilayer thin films, responsive microcapsules, and ion-conductive membranes. The branched structures lead to unconventional assemblies and complex hierarchical structures with responsive properties as summarized in this review. Finally, we discuss prospectives for emerging applications of branched polyelectrolytes and poly(ionic liquid)s for energy harvesting and storage, controlled delivery, chemical microreactors, adaptive surfaces, and ion-exchange membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xu
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Petr A Ledin
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Valery V Shevchenko
- ‡Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkovskoe shosse 48, Kiev 02160, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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11
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Lefaux CJ, Kim BS, Venkat N, Mather PT. Molecular Composite Coatings on Nafion Using Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10365-10373. [PMID: 25923689 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlled growth of nanometer-scale multilayered coatings of negatively charged sulfonated poly(benzobisimidazole) (SPBI), complexed with positively charged poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) on quartz, and Nafion membrane as substrates has been explored. Both polymers, SPBI and P2VP, possess a net charge in methanol as a result of the dissolution of SPBI by complexation with triethylamine (TEA) and the protonation of P2VP with HCl, respectively, and thereby can form a multilayered molecular composite of alternating anionic SPBI and cationic P2VP via an electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly. UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry was used to monitor the buildup and growth rate of such SPBI/P2VP multilayer films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the roughness and thickness of the resulting SPBI/P2VP multilayers. As a result, it was found that a steady-state linear growth regime for the LbL self-assembled SPBI/P2VP multilayer films and coatings onto quartz and Nafion membranes was observed after completion of the first few deposition cycles, indicating the successful formation of the SPBI/P2VP multilayered assembly in methanol solutions. In addition, the SPBI/P2VP multilayer films in the perpendicular direction (flat view) demonstrated isotropic orientation distribution on the Nafion membrane, while the SPBI/P2VP multilayer films examined by X-ray scattering in the parallel direction (edge view) revealed anisotropic orientation, the combined observations indicating confinement of SPBI rods to the plane of the coating. We further found that the SPBI/P2VP multilayer coated Nafion possesses good thermal stability, as indicated by isothermal gravimetric analysis at 310 °C, and it was further observed that SPBI/P2VP multilayer coatings using the LbL self-assembly technique on Nafion membrane significantly increased the membrane stiffness, despite the small coating thickness employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe J Lefaux
- †Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Byoung-Suhk Kim
- ‡Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Narayanan Venkat
- §Multi-Scale Composites and Polymers Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Patrick T Mather
- ∥Syracuse Biomaterials Institute and Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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12
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Rawtani D, Agrawal YK. Emerging Strategies and Applications of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2014; 1:8. [PMID: 30023019 PMCID: PMC6029239 DOI: 10.5772/60009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Layer-by-layer self-assembly is an approach to develop an ultrathin film on solid support by alternate exposure to positive and negative species with spontaneous deposition of the oppositely charged ions. This paper summarizes various approaches used for fabrication of layer-by-layer self-assembly as well as their utility to produce various devices. The layer-by-layer technique is basically used for formation of multilayer films. A variety of nanomaterials use it for the modification of films to enhance their resultant durability as well as strength. Studies have shown that many different types of materials can be used for fabrication of multilayers. Recently the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique has also been used for fabrication of gas sensors, hydrogen sensors and solar-based cells. Various methods, such as spin deposition, calcinations, and dry-transfer printing are being used for fabrication of thin films. In this review, the author summarizes the various interesting properties as well as fabrication strategies of layer-by-layer self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Rawtani
- Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Sector 18A, Near Police Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Yadvendra K. Agrawal
- Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Sector 18A, Near Police Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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13
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Sato K, Anzai JI. Dendrimers in layer-by-layer assemblies: synthesis and applications. Molecules 2013; 18:8440-60. [PMID: 23867653 PMCID: PMC6270364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18078440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the synthesis of dendrimer-containing layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies and their applications, including biosensing, controlled drug release, and bio-imaging. Dendrimers can be built into LbL films and microcapsules by alternating deposition of dendrimers and counter polymers on the surface of flat substrates and colloidal microparticles through electrostatic bonding, hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, and biological affinity. Dendrimer-containing LbL assemblies have been used to construct biosensors, in which electron transfer mediators and metal nanoparticles are often coupled with dendrimers. Enzymes have been successfully immobilized on the surface of electrochemical and optical transducers by forming enzyme/dendrimer LbL multilayers. In this way, high-performance enzyme sensors are fabricated. In addition, dendrimer LbL films and microcapsules are useful for constructing drug delivery systems because dendrimers bind drugs to form inclusion complexes or the dendrimer surface is covalently modified with drugs. Magnetic resonance imaging of cancer cells by iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dendrimer LbL film is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-ichi Anzai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; E-Mail:
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14
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Choi I, Malak ST, Xu W, Heller WT, Tsitsilianis C, Tsukruk VV. Multicompartmental Microcapsules from Star Copolymer Micelles. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302483j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikjun Choi
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Sidney T. Malak
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Weinan Xu
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - William T. Heller
- Biology & Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Constantinos Tsitsilianis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece, and Institute
of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT)
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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15
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Caminade AM, Majoral JP. Positively charged phosphorus dendrimers. An overview of their properties. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Caminade AM, Laurent R, Zablocka M, Majoral JP. Organophosphorus chemistry for the synthesis of dendrimers. Molecules 2012; 17:13605-21. [PMID: 23159922 PMCID: PMC6268704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are multifunctional, hyperbranched and perfectly defined macromolecules, synthesized layer after layer in an iterative manner. Besides the nature of the terminal groups responsible for most of the properties, the nature of the internal structure, and more precisely of the branching points, is also of crucial importance. For more than 15 years, we have demonstrated that the presence of phosphorus atom(s) at each branching point of the dendrimeric structure is particularly important and highly valuable for three main reasons: (i) the versatility of phosphorus chemistry that allows diversified organochemistry for the synthesis of dendrimers; (ii) the use of 31P-NMR, which is a highly valuable tool for the characterization of dendrimers; (iii) some properties (in the fields of catalysis, materials, and especially biology), that are directly connected to the nature of the internal structure and of the branching points. This review will give an overview of the methods of synthesis of phosphorus-containing dendrimers, as well on the ways to graft phosphorus derivatives as terminal groups, with emphasis on the various roles played by the chemistry of phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; (R.L.); (J.-P.M.)
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Régis Laurent
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; (R.L.); (J.-P.M.)
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Maria Zablocka
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; (R.L.); (J.-P.M.)
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90363 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; (R.L.); (J.-P.M.)
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Lazzara TD, Lau KHA, Knoll W, Janshoff A, Steinem C. Macromolecular shape and interactions in layer-by-layer assemblies within cylindrical nanopores. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:475-484. [PMID: 23019541 PMCID: PMC3458591 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolytes and proteins within the cylindrical nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes was studied by optical waveguide spectroscopy (OWS). AAO has aligned cylindrical, nonintersecting pores with a defined pore diameter d(0) and functions as a planar optical waveguide so as to monitor, in situ, the LbL process by OWS. The LbL deposition of globular proteins, i.e., avidin and biotinylated bovine serum albumin was compared with that of linear polyelectrolytes (linear-PEs), both species being of similar molecular weight. LbL deposition within the cylindrical AAO geometry for different pore diameters (d(0) = 25-80 nm) for the various macromolecular species, showed that the multilayer film growth was inhibited at different maximum numbers of LbL steps (n(max)). The value of n(max) was greatest for linear-PEs, while proteins had a lower value. The cylindrical pore geometry imposes a physical limit to LbL growth such that n(max) is strongly dependent on the overall internal structure of the LbL film. For all macromolecular species, deposition was inhibited in native AAO, having pores of d(0) = 25-30 nm. Both, OWS and scanning electron microscopy showed that LbL growth in larger AAO pores (d(0) > 25-30 nm) became inhibited when approaching a pore diameter of d(eff,n_max) = 25-35 nm, a similar size to that of native AAO pores, with d(0) = 25-30 nm. For a reasonable estimation of d(eff,n_max), the actual volume occupied by a macromolecular assembly must be taken into consideration. The results clearly show that electrostatic LbL allowed for compact macromolecular layers, whereas proteins formed loosely packed multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Lazzara
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - K H Aaron Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Donau City Str. 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Lu X, Xia Y, Liu M, Qian Y, Zhou X, Gu N, Zhang F. Improved performance of diatomite-based dental nanocomposite ceramics using layer-by-layer assembly. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2153-64. [PMID: 22619551 PMCID: PMC3356216 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To fabricate high-strength diatomite-based ceramics for dental applications, the layer-by-layer technique was used to coat diatomite particles with cationic [poly(allylamine hydrochloride)] and anionic [poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)] polymers to improve the dispersion and adsorption of positively charged nano-ZrO(2) (zirconia) as a reinforcing agent. The modified diatomite particles had reduced particle size, narrower size distribution, and were well dispersed, with good adsorption of nano-ZrO(2). To determine the optimum addition levels for nano-ZrO(2), ceramics containing 0, 20, 25, 30, and 35 wt% nano-ZrO(2) were sintered and characterized by the three-point bending test and microhardness test. In addition to scanning electron microscopy, propagation phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography was used to examine the internal structure of the ceramics. The addition of 30 wt% nano-ZrO(2) resulted in the highest flexural strength and fracture toughness with reduced porosity. Shear bond strength between the core and veneer of our diatomite ceramics and the most widely used dental ceramics were compared; the shear bond strength value for the diatomite-based ceramics was found to be significantly higher than for other groups (P < 0.05). Our results show that diatomite-based nanocomposite ceramics are good potential candidates for ceramic-based dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Lu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
- Nantong Stomatological Hospital, Nantong
| | - Yang Xia
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Mei Liu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Yunzhu Qian
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Suzhou Institute, Southeast University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- Suzhou Institute, Southeast University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feimin Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
- Suzhou Institute, Southeast University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Azzaroni O, Lau KA. Layer-by-Layer Assemblies in Nanoporous Templates: Nano-Organized Design and Applications of Soft Nanotechnology. SOFT MATTER 2011; 7:8709-8724. [PMID: 22216060 PMCID: PMC3247160 DOI: 10.1039/c1sm05561e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic combination of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly and nanoporous membrane templating has greatly facilitated the creation of complex and functional nanotubular structures. The approach takes advantage of both the new properties conferred by assembling diverse LbL building blocks and the tight dimensional control offered by nanotemplating to enable new functionalities that arise from the highly anisotropic "one-dimensional" LbL-nanotube format. In this review, we aim to convey the key developments and provide a current snap-shot of such templated LbL nanoarchitectures. We survey recent developments that have enabled the assembly of polymers, biomolecules and inorganic nanoparticles "à la carte", via electrostatic, covalent and specific (bio)recognition interactions. We also discuss the emerging mechanistic understanding of the LbL assembly process within the nanopore environment. Finally, we present a diverse range of LbL nanotube "devices" to illustrate the versatility of the nanotemplated LbL toolbox for generating functional soft nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) – Departamento de Química – Facultad de Ciencias Exactas – Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET – CC 16 Suc.4 (1900) La Plata – Argentina
| | - K.H. Aaron Lau
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 - USA
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Lazzara TD, Lau KHA, Abou-Kandil AI, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Knoll W. Polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer deposition in cylindrical nanopores. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3909-3920. [PMID: 20553002 DOI: 10.1021/nn1007594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolytes within nanopores in terms of the pore size and the ionic strength was experimentally studied. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes, which have aligned, cylindrical, nonintersecting pores, were used as a model nanoporous system. Furthermore, the AAO membranes were also employed as planar optical waveguides to enable in situ monitoring of the LbL process within the nanopores by optical waveguide spectroscopy (OWS). Structurally well-defined N,N-disubstituted hydrazine phosphorus-containing dendrimers of the fourth generation, with peripherally charged groups and diameters of approximately 7 nm, were used as the model polyelectrolytes. The pore diameter of the AAO was varied between 30-116 nm and the ionic strength was varied over 3 orders of magnitude. The dependence of the deposited layer thickness on ionic strength within the nanopores is found to be significantly stronger than LbL deposition on a planar surface. Furthermore, deposition within the nanopores can become inhibited even if the pore diameter is much larger than the diameter of the G4-polyelectrolyte, or if the screening length is insignificant relative to the dendrimer diameter at high ionic strengths. Our results will aid in the template preparation of polyelectrolyte multilayer nanotubes, and our experimental approach may be useful for investigating theories regarding the partitioning of nano-objects within nanopores where electrostatic interactions are dominant. Furthermore, we show that the enhanced ionic strength dependence of polyelectrolyte transport within the nanopores can be used to selectively deposit a LbL multilayer atop a nanoporous substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Lazzara
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D55128, Mainz, Germany
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Ainalem ML, Campbell RA, Nylander T. Interactions between DNA and poly(amido amine) dendrimers on silica surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8625-35. [PMID: 20429604 DOI: 10.1021/la9047177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study increases the understanding at a molecular level of the interactions between DNA and poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers on solid surfaces, which is a subject of potential interest in applications such as gene therapy. We have used in situ null ellipsometry and neutron reflectometry to study the structure of multilayer arrangements formed by PAMAM dendrimers of generation 2 (G2), 4 (G4), and 6 (G6) and DNA on silica surfaces. Specifically, we adsorbed cationic dendrimer layers, then we condensed DNA to form dendrimer-DNA bilayers, and last we exposed further dendrimer molecules to the interface to encapsulate DNA in dendrimer-DNA-dendrimer trilayers. The dendrimer monolayers formed initially result in the deformation of the cationic adsorbates as a result of their strong electrostatic attraction to the hydrophilic silica surface. The highest surface excess and most pronounced deformation occurs for the G6 molecules due to their relatively large size and high surface charge density. G6-functionalized surfaces give rise to the highest surface excess of DNA during the bilayer formation process. This result is explained in terms of the high number of charged binding sites in the G6 monolayer and the low electrostatic repulsion between DNA and exposed patches of silica surface due to the relatively thick G6 monolayer. The binding strengths of the silica-dendrimer and dendrimer-DNA interactions are demonstrated by the high stability of the interfacial bilayers during rinsing. For the formation of trilayers of dendrimers, DNA, and dendrimers, G2 adsorbs as a smooth layer while G4 and G6 induce the formation of less well-defined structures due to more complex DNA layer morphologies.
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Feng CL, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Gu J, Zhu S, Su H, Hu X, Zhang D. DNA hybridization induced selective encapsulation of small dye molecules in dendrimer based microcapsules. Analyst 2010; 135:2939-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Feng CL, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Zhang D. Selective encapsulation of dye molecules in dendrimer/polymer multilayer microcapsules by DNA hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b927566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Franc G, Turrin CO, Cavero E, Costes JP, Duhayon C, Caminade AM, Majoral JP. gem-Bisphosphonate-Ended Group Dendrimers: Design and Gadolinium Complexing Properties. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abou-Kandil AI, Knoll W. Molecular modelling of N,N-disubstituted hydrazine phosphorus-containing dendrimers of the fourth generation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020801961468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- a Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Mainz, Germany
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Cuenot S, Alem H, Louarn G, Demoustier-Champagne S, Jonas AM. Mechanical properties of nanotubes of polyelectrolyte multilayers. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2008; 25:343-348. [PMID: 18404248 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2007-10291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The elastic properties of nanotubes fabricated by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolytes in the nanopores of polycarbonate track-etched membranes have been investigated by resonant contact Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), for nanotube diameters in the range of 100 to 200 nm. The elastic modulus of the nanotubes was computed from the resonance frequencies of a cantilever resting on freely suspended LbL nanotubes. An average value of 115 MPa was found in air for Young's modulus of these nanostructures, well below the values reported for dry, flat multilayers, but in the range of values reported for water-swollen flat multilayers. These low values are most probably due to the lower degree of ionic cross-linking of LbL nanotubes and their consequently higher water content in air, resulting from the peculiar mode of growth of nanoconfined polyelectrolyte multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuenot
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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Sakai K, Webber GB, Vo CD, Wanless EJ, Vamvakaki M, Bütün V, Armes SP, Biggs S. Characterization of layer-by-layer self-assembled multilayer films of diblock copolymer micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:116-123. [PMID: 18052219 DOI: 10.1021/la7021006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The in situ layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of low Tg diblock copolymer micelles onto a flat silica substrate is reported. The copolymers used here were a cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (50qPDMA-PDEA; 50q refers to a mean degree of quaternization of 50 mol % for the PDMA block) and zwitterionic poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PMAA-PDEA), which has anionic character at pH 9. Alternate deposition of micelles formed by these two copolymers onto a silica substrate at pH 9 was examined. The in situ LbL buildup of the copolymer micelle films was monitored using zeta potential measurements, optical reflectometry, and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). For a six layer deposition, complete charge reversal was observed after the addition of each layer. The OR data indicated clearly an increase in adsorbed mass with each additional micelle layer and suggest that some interdiffusion of copolymer chains between layers and/or an increase in the film roughness, and hence in the effective surface area of the micellar multilayers, must take place as the film is built up. QCM-D data indicated that the self-assembled micellar multilayers on a flat silica substrate undergo structural changes over a prolonged period. This is attributed to longer-term interdiffusion of the copolymer chains between the outer two layers after the initial adsorption of each layer is complete. The QCM-D data further suggest that the outer adsorbed layers adopt a progressively more extended conformation, particularly for the higher numbered layers. The morphology of each successive layer was characterized using in situ soft-contact atomic force microscopy, and micelle-like surface aggregates are clearly observed within each layer of the complex film, suggesting the persistence of aggregate structures throughout the multilayer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Sakai
- School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Newkome GR, Shreiner CD. Poly(amidoamine), polypropylenimine, and related dendrimers and dendrons possessing different 1→2 branching motifs: An overview of the divergent procedures. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Lebedeva OV, Kim BS, Gröhn F, Vinogradova OI. Dendrimer-encapsulated gold nanoparticles as building blocks for multilayer microshells. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Kim BS, Choi JW. Polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules: Self-assembly and toward biomedical applications. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim BS, Lobaskin V, Tsekov R, Vinogradova OI. Dynamics and stability of dispersions of polyelectrolyte-filled multilayer microcapsules. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:244901. [PMID: 17614584 DOI: 10.1063/1.2743432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report dynamic and coagulation properties of a dispersion of polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules filled with solutions of a strong polyelectrolyte. Microcapsules are shown to take a charge of the sign of encapsulated polyions and are characterized by a nonuniform distribution of inner polyions, which indicates a semipermeability of the shell and a leakage of counterions. The capsule self-diffusion coefficient in the vicinity of the similarly charged wall is measured using a particle tracking procedure from confocal images of the dispersion. The diffusion of capsules in the force field suggests that the effective interaction potential contains an electrostatic barrier, so that we deal with the same types of interaction forces as for solid particles. The theoretical estimates of the authors show that when microcapsules are in close proximity, their interaction should even be quantitatively the same as that of colloids with the same surface potential. However, due to the mobility of inner polyions they might repel stronger at large distances. The authors thus conclude that the encapsulation of charged polymers is an important factor in determining the adhesion and interaction properties of multilayer microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Suhk Kim
- Sogang University, 1 Shinsu-Dong, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, South Korea
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35
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Zhu Z, Pan C. A Feasible Synthetic Route for Linear PTHF-Hyperbranched Poly(phenyl sulfide) Block Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ariga K, Hill JP, Ji Q. Layer-by-layer assembly as a versatile bottom-up nanofabrication technique for exploratory research and realistic application. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:2319-40. [PMID: 17492095 DOI: 10.1039/b700410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption technique offers an easy and inexpensive process for multilayer formation and allows a variety of materials to be incorporated within the film structures. Therefore, the LbL assembly method can be regarded as a versatile bottom-up nanofabrication technique. Research fields concerned with LbL assembly have developed rapidly but some important physicochemical aspects remain uninvestigated. In this review, we will introduce several examples from physicochemical investigations regarding the basics of this method to advanced research aimed at practical applications. These are selected mostly from recent reports and should stimulate many physical chemists and chemical physicists in the further development of LbL assembly. In order to further understand the mechanism of the LbL assembly process, theoretical work, including thermodynamics calculations, has been conducted. Additionally, the use of molecular dynamics simulation has been proposed. Recently, many kinds of physicochemical molecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, charge transfer interactions, and stereo-complex formation, have been used. The combination of the LbL method with other fabrication techniques such as spin-coating, spraying, and photolithography has also been extensively researched. These improvements have enabled preparation of LbL films composed of various materials contained in well-designed nanostructures. The resulting structures can be used to investigate basic physicochemical phenomena where relative distances between interacting groups is of great importance. Similarly, LbL structures prepared by such advanced techniques are used widely for development of functional systems for physical applications from photovoltaic devices and field effect transistors to biochemical applications including nano-sized reactors and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Supermolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Reinert P, Chane-Ching JY, Bull L, Dagiral R, Batail P, Laurent R, Caminade AM, Majoral JP. Influence of cationic phosphorus dendrimers on the surfactant-induced synthesis of mesostructured nanoporous silica. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b613788c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vestberg R, Malkoch M, Kade M, Wu P, Fokin VV, Barry Sharpless K, Drockenmuller E, Hawker CJ. Role of architecture and molecular weight in the formation of tailor-made ultrathin multilayers using dendritic macromolecules and click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maraval V, Maraval A, Spataro G, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Kim DH, Knoll W. Design of tailored multi-charged phosphorus surface-block dendrimers. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b610632n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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