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Wang A, Yue K, Yan X, Zhong W, Zhang G, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhang X. Inhibition of platelet adhesion to exposed subendothelial collagen by steric hindrance with blocking peptide nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 237:113866. [PMID: 38520952 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The inhibition of platelet adhesion to collagen in exposed vessels represents an innovative approach to the treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. This study aimed to engineer peptide-based nanoparticles that prevent platelet binding to subendothelial collagen by engaging with collagen with high affinity. We examined the interactions between integrin α2/ glycoprotein VI/ von Willebrand factor A3 domain and collagen, as well as between the synthesized peptide nanoparticles and collagen, utilizing molecular dynamics simulations and empirical assays. Our findings indicated that the bond between von Willebrand factor and collagen was more robust. Specifically, the sequences SITTIDV, VDVMQRE, and YLTSEMH in von Willebrand factor were identified as essential for its attachment to collagen. Based on these sequences, three peptide nanoparticles were synthesized (BPa: Capric-GNNQQNYK-SITTIDV, BPb: Capric-GNNQQNYK-VDVMQRE, BPc: Capric-GNNQQNYK-YLTSEMH), each displaying significant affinity towards collagen. Of these, the BPa nanoparticles exhibited the most potent interaction with collagen, leading to a 75% reduction in platelet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Yue
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, Guangdong Province 528399, China.
| | - Xiaotong Yan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weishen Zhong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Genpei Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, Guangdong Province 528399, China
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Watson CT, Ward SC, Rizzo SA, Redaelli A, Manning KB. Influence of Hematocrit Level and Integrin α IIbβ III Function on vWF-Mediated Platelet Adhesion and Shear-Induced Platelet Aggregation in a Sudden Expansion. Cell Mol Bioeng 2024; 17:49-65. [PMID: 38435796 PMCID: PMC10902252 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-024-00796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Shear-mediated thrombosis is a clinically relevant phenomenon that underlies excessive arterial thrombosis and device-induced thrombosis. Red blood cells are known to mechanically contribute to physiological hemostasis through margination of platelets and vWF, facilitating the unfurling of vWF multimers, and increasing the fraction of thrombus-contacting platelets. Shear also plays a role in this phenomenon, increasing both the degree of margination and the near-wall forces experienced by vWF and platelets leading to unfurling and activation. Despite this, the contribution of red blood cells in shear-induced platelet aggregation has not been fully investigated-specifically the effect of elevated hematocrit has not yet been demonstrated. Methods Here, a microfluidic model of a sudden expansion is presented as a platform for investigating platelet adhesion at hematocrits ranging from 0 to 60% and shear rates ranging from 1000 to 10,000 s-1. The sudden expansion geometry models nonphysiological flow separation characteristic to mechanical circulatory support devices, and the validatory framework of the FDA benchmark nozzle. PDMS microchannels were fabricated and coated with human collagen. Platelets were fluorescently tagged, and blood was reconstituted at variable hematocrit prior to perfusion experiments. Integrin function of selected blood samples was inhibited by a blocking antibody, and platelet adhesion and aggregation over the course of perfusion was monitored. Results Increasing shear rates at physiological and elevated hematocrit levels facilitate robust platelet adhesion and formation of large aggregates. Shear-induced platelet aggregation is demonstrated to be dependent on both αIIbβIII function and the presence of red blood cells. Inhibition of αIIbβIII results in an 86.4% reduction in overall platelet adhesion and an 85.7% reduction in thrombus size at 20-60% hematocrit. Hematocrit levels of 20% are inadequate for effective platelet margination and subsequent vWF tethering, resulting in notable decreases in platelet adhesion at 5000 and 10,000 s-1 compared to 40% and 60%. Inhibition of αIIbβIII triggered dramatic reductions in overall thrombus coverage and large aggregate formation. Stability of platelets tethered by vWF are demonstrated to be αIIbβIII-dependent, as adhesion of single platelets treated with A2A9, an anti-αIIbβIII blocking antibody, is transient and did not lead to sustained thrombus formation. Conclusions This study highlights driving factors in vWF-mediated platelet adhesion that are relevant to clinical suppression of shear-induced thrombosis and in vitro assays of platelet adhesion. Primarily, increasing hematocrit promotes platelet margination, permitting shear-induced platelet aggregation through αIIbβIII-mediated adhesion at supraphysiological shear rates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-024-00796-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor T. Watson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Shane C. Ward
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Stefano A. Rizzo
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Keefe B. Manning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA USA
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Boone K, Cloyd AK, Derakovic E, Spencer P, Tamerler C. Designing Collagen-Binding Peptide with Enhanced Properties Using Hydropathic Free Energy Predictions. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3342. [PMID: 38037603 PMCID: PMC10686322 DOI: 10.3390/app13053342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is fundamental to a vast diversity of health functions and potential therapeutics. Short peptides targeting collagen are attractive for designing modular systems for site-specific delivery of bioactive agents. Characterization of peptide-protein binding involves a larger number of potential interactions that require screening methods to target physiological conditions. We build a hydropathy-based free energy estimation tool which allows quick evaluation of peptides binding to collagen. Previous studies showed that pH plays a significant role in collagen structure and stability. Our design tool enables probing peptides for their collagen-binding property across multiple pH conditions. We explored binding features of currently known collagen-binding peptides, collagen type I alpha chain 2 sense peptide (TKKTLRT) and decorin LRR-10 (LRELHLNNN). Based on these analyzes, we engineered a collagen-binding peptide with enhanced properties across a large pH range in contrast to LRR-10 pH dependence. To validate our predictions, we used a quantum-dots-based binding assay to compare the coverage of the peptides on type I collagen. The predicted peptide resulted in improved collagen binding. Hydropathy of the peptide-protein pair is a promising approach to finding compatible pairings with minimal use of computational resources, and our method allows for quick evaluation of peptides for binding to other proteins. Overall, the free-energy-based tool provides an alternative computational screening approach that impacts protein interaction search methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Boone
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 5109 Learned Hall 1530 W, 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Aya Kirahm Cloyd
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 5109 Learned Hall 1530 W, 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1132 Learned Hall 1530 W, 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Emina Derakovic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 5109 Learned Hall 1530 W, 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1132 Learned Hall 1530 W, 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Candan Tamerler
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 5109 Learned Hall 1530 W, 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1132 Learned Hall 1530 W, 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
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Macêdo AAM, Figueiró SD, Ferreira JCG, Melo MRS, Freitas ALP, Sombra ASB, Batista BDS, Souza RD, Almeida RM, Mendes F, Moreira RDA. Natural film based on collagen and sulfated polysaccharide for antiplatelet effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sônia Duarte Figueiró
- Laboratório de Telecomunicações e Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais (LOCEM), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - Júlio César Góes Ferreira
- Laboratório de Telecomunicações e Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais (LOCEM), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - Márcia Rúbia Silva Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - Ana Lúcia Ponte Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - Antônio Sérgio Bezerra Sombra
- Laboratório de Telecomunicações e Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais (LOCEM), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brasil
| | | | - Romicy Dermondes Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Imperatriz, Brasil
| | | | | | - Renato de Azevedo Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brasil
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5
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Liu ZL, Ku DN, Aidun CK. Mechanobiology of shear-induced platelet aggregation leading to occlusive arterial thrombosis: A multiscale in silico analysis. J Biomech 2021; 120:110349. [PMID: 33711601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Occlusive thrombosis in arteries causes heart attacks and strokes. The rapid growth of thrombus at elevated shear rates (~10,000 1/s) relies on shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) thought to come about from the entanglement of von Willebrand factor (VWF) molecules. The mechanism for SIPA is not yet understood in terms of cell- and molecule-level dynamics in fast flowing bloodstreams. Towards this end, we develop a multiscale computational model to recreate SIPA in silico, where the suspension dynamics and interactions of individual platelets and VWF multimers are resolved directly. The platelet-VWF interaction via GP1b-A1 bonds is prescribed with intrinsic binding rates theoretically derived and informed by single-molecule measurements. The model is validated against existing microfluidic SIPA experiments, showing good agreement with the in vitro observations in terms of the morphology, traveling distance and capture time of the platelet aggregates. Particularly, the capture of aggregates can occur in a few milliseconds, comparable to the platelet transit time through pathologic arterial stenotic sections and much shorter than the time for shear-induced platelet activation. The multiscale SIPA simulator provides a cross-scale tool for exploring the biophysical mechanisms of SIPA in silico that are difficult to access with single-molecule measurements or micro-/macro-fluidic assays only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang L Liu
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, GE 30332, United States.
| | - David N Ku
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, GE 30332, United States.
| | - Cyrus K Aidun
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, GE 30332, United States.
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Rossi JM, Diamond SL. Scalable manufacture of a disposable, storage-stable eight-channel microfluidic device for rapid testing of platelet, coagulation, and drug function under whole blood flow. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:054103. [PMID: 33014235 PMCID: PMC7527242 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Custom polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices allow for small-volume human blood research under hemodynamic conditions of bleeding and clotting. However, issues of PDMS molding/assembly, bio-coating, and sample preparation often limit their point-of-care use. We aim to develop a microfluidic device that has the same utility as previously established PDMS devices but which is more usable in point-of-care operation. We designed an injection-molded 1 × 3 in.2 device with eight flow paths crossing a bio-printed surface of a collagen/tissue factor. The device is rapidly primed and compatible with multi-channel pipetting (<0.5 ml blood) and operates under venous or arterial shear rates using constant flow rate or constant pressure modes. Platelet and fibrin deposition were monitored dynamically by the imaging of immunofluorescence. For whole blood clotting at a wall shear rate of 200 s-1, the intrachip CV at 400 s for platelet and fibrin deposition was 10% and the interdonor CV at 400 s was 30% for platelet and 22% for fibrin deposition (across 10 healthy donors). No significant difference was detected for samples tested on a new chip vs a chip stored for 6 months at 4 °C. Using the fibrin signal, dose-response testing of whole blood revealed IC50's of 120 nM for rivaroxaban and apixaban, and 60 nM for dabigatran. A complete reversal of apixaban inhibition was observed for an equimolar addition of Xa DOAC reversal agent Andexanet Alfa. We demonstrate the ability to manufacture single-use, storage-stable eight-channel chips. In clinical settings, such chips may help evaluate patient bleeding risk, therapy choice, drug activity, or reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott L. Diamond
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 215 573 5704. Fax: +1 215 573 6815
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7
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Adsorption and Absorption of Collagen Peptides to Polydimethlysiloxane and Its Influence on Platelet Adhesion Flow Assays. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11010062. [PMID: 31948122 PMCID: PMC7019490 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Collagen peptides are an alternative to animal derived collagens for platelet function studies under flow. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of collagen peptides in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices. Three collagen peptides with amino acid sequences and structures that capture von Willebrand factor and bind it with the platelet receptors integrin α2β1 and glycoprotein VI were patterned on glass, silicon, and PDMS. Each of these surfaces was also functionalized with tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyltrichlorosilane (FOTS). Surfaces were characterized by their ability to support platelet adhesion, topology by atomic force microscopy, contact angle, and peptides absorption. PDMS readily absorbs collagen peptides, depleting them from solution, thus reducing their adsorption to glass and silicon substrates when used for micropatterning. Treatment of PDMS with FOTS, but not bovine serum albumin or poloxamer 407, inhibits collagen peptide absorption and supports adsorption and platelet adhesion at venous and arterial shear rates. Similarly, FOTS treatment of glass or silicon supports collagen peptide adsorption even in the presence of untreated PDMS. In conclusion, PDMS acts as an absorptive sink for collagen peptides, rendering a non-adhesive surface for platelet adhesion and competing for peptides when used for micropatterning. The absorption of collagen peptides can be overcome by functionalization of PDMS with a fluorinated alkyl silane, thus allowing its use as a material for micropatterning or as a surface for platelet adhesion flow assays.
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8
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Albers HJ, Passier R, van den Berg A, van der Meer AD. Automated Analysis of Platelet Aggregation on Cultured Endothelium in a Microfluidic Chip Perfused with Human Whole Blood. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E781. [PMID: 31739604 PMCID: PMC6915557 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip models with incorporated vasculature are becoming more popular to study platelet biology. A large variety of image analysis techniques are currently used to determine platelet coverage, ranging from manually setting thresholds to scoring platelet aggregates. In this communication, an automated methodology is introduced, which corrects misalignment of a microfluidic channel, automatically defines regions of interest and utilizes a triangle threshold to determine platelet coverages and platelet aggregate size distributions. A comparison between the automated methodology and manual identification of platelet aggregates shows a high accuracy of the triangle methodology. Furthermore, the image analysis methodology can determine platelet coverages and platelet size distributions in microfluidic channels lined with either untreated or activated endothelium used for whole blood perfusion, proving the robustness of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo J. Albers
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D. van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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9
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Griffin MT, Kim D, Ku DN. Shear-induced platelet aggregation: 3D-grayscale microfluidics for repeatable and localized occlusive thrombosis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:054106. [PMID: 31592301 PMCID: PMC6773594 DOI: 10.1063/1.5113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atherothrombosis leads to complications of myocardial infarction and stroke as a result of shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA). Clinicians and researchers may benefit from diagnostic and benchtop microfluidic assays that assess the thrombotic activity of an individual. Currently, there are several different proposed point-of-care diagnostics and microfluidic thrombosis assays with different design parameters and end points. The microfluidic geometry, surface coatings, and anticoagulation may strongly influence the precision of these assays. Variability in selected end points also persists, leading to ambiguous results. This study aims to assess the effects of three physiologically relevant extrinsic design factors on the variability of a single end point to provide a quantified rationale for design parameter and end-point standardization. Using a design of experiments approach, we show that the methods of channel fabrication and collagen surface coating significantly impact the variability of occlusion time from porcine whole blood, while anticoagulant selection between heparin and citrate did not significantly impact the variability. No factor was determined to significantly impact the mean occlusion time within the assay. Occlusive thrombus was found to consistently form in the first third (333 μm) of the high shear zone and not in the shear gradient regions. The selection of these factors in the design of point-of-care diagnostics and experimental SIPA assays may lead to increased precision and specificity in high shear thrombosis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongjune Kim
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
| | - David N. Ku
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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10
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Posch S, Obser T, König G, Schneppenheim R, Tampé R, Hinterdorfer P. Interaction of von Willebrand factor domains with collagen investigated by single molecule force spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:123310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5007313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Posch
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gesa König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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11
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Brouns SLN, van Geffen JP, Heemskerk JWM. High-throughput measurement of human platelet aggregation under flow: application in hemostasis and beyond. Platelets 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1447660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L. N. Brouns
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna P. van Geffen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Yeom E. Different adhesion behaviors of platelets depending on shear stress around stenotic channels. J Vis (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-017-0446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Platelets contribute to thrombus formation in a variety of ways. Platelet adhesion, activation, and thrombus growth depend greatly on the type of hemodynamic environment surrounding an inciting event. Microfluidic systems may be used to explore these relationships. In this review, we describe some important considerations required in the design of a microfluidic system and identify some limitations that may require use of a macroscale system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Hastings
- a GWW School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Michael T Griffin
- a GWW School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - David N Ku
- a GWW School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , GA , USA
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14
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Microfluidics for simultaneous quantification of platelet adhesion and blood viscosity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24994. [PMID: 27118101 PMCID: PMC4846989 DOI: 10.1038/srep24994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet functions, including adhesion, activation, and aggregation have an influence on thrombosis and the progression of atherosclerosis. In the present study, a new microfluidic-based method is proposed to estimate platelet adhesion and blood viscosity simultaneously. Blood sample flows into an H-shaped microfluidic device with a peristaltic pump. Since platelet aggregation may be initiated by the compression of rotors inside the peristaltic pump, platelet aggregates may adhere to the H-shaped channel. Through correlation mapping, which visualizes decorrelation of the streaming blood flow, the area of adhered platelets (APlatelet) can be estimated without labeling platelets. The platelet function is estimated by determining the representative index IA·T based on APlatelet and contact time. Blood viscosity is measured by monitoring the flow conditions in the one side channel of the H-shaped device. Based on the relation between interfacial width (W) and pressure ratio of sample flows to the reference, blood sample viscosity (μ) can be estimated by measuring W. Biophysical parameters (IA·T, μ) are compared for normal and diabetic rats using an ex vivo extracorporeal model. This microfluidic-based method can be used for evaluating variations in the platelet adhesion and blood viscosity of animal models with cardiovascular diseases under ex vivo conditions.
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Lehmann M, Wallbank AM, Dennis KA, Wufsus AR, Davis KM, Rana K, Neeves KB. On-chip recalcification of citrated whole blood using a microfluidic herringbone mixer. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:064106. [PMID: 26634014 PMCID: PMC4654733 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays of platelet function and coagulation are typically performed in the presence of an anticoagulant. The divalent cation chelator sodium citrate is among the most common because its effect on coagulation is reversible upon reintroduction of divalent cations. Adding divalent cations into citrated blood by batch mixing leads to platelet activation and initiation of coagulation after several minutes, thus limiting the time blood can be used before spontaneously clotting. In this work, we describe a herringbone microfluidic mixer to continuously introduce divalent cations into citrated blood. The mixing ratio, defined as the ratio of the volumetric flow rates of citrated blood and recalcification buffer, can be adjusted by changing the relative inlet pressures of these two solutions. This feature is useful in whole blood assays in order to account for differences in hematocrit, and thus viscosity. The recalcification process in the herringbone mixer does not activate platelets. The advantage of this continuous mixing approach is demonstrated in microfluidic vascular injury model in which platelets and fibrin accumulate on a collagen-tissue factor surface under flow. Continuous recalcification with the herringbone mixer allowed for flow assay times of up to 30 min, more than three times longer than the time achieved by batch recalcification. This continuous mixer allows for measurements of thrombus formation, remodeling, and fibrinolysis in vitro over time scales that are relevant to these physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lehmann
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Alison M Wallbank
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dennis
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Adam R Wufsus
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Kara M Davis
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Kuldeepsinh Rana
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Keith B Neeves
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Sylman JL, Artzer DT, Rana K, Neeves KB. A vascular injury model using focal heat-induced activation of endothelial cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:801-14. [PMID: 26087748 PMCID: PMC4494879 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00108k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) both inhibit and promote platelet function depending on their activation state. Quiescent EC inhibit platelet activation by constitutive secretion of platelet inhibitors. Activated EC promote platelet adhesion by secretion of von Willebrand factor (vWF). EC also secrete an extracellular matrix that support platelet adhesion when exposed following vascular injury. Previous studies of EC-platelet interactions under flow activate entire monolayers of cells by chemical activation. In this study, EC cultured in microfluidic channels were focally activated by heat from an underlying microelectrode. Based on finite element modeling, microelectrodes induced peak temperature increases of 10-40 °C above 37 °C after applying 5-9 V for 30 s resulting in three zones: (1) a quiescent zone corresponded to peak temperatures of less than 15 °C characterized by no EC activation or platelet accumulation. (2) An activation zone corresponding to an increase of 16-22 °C yielded EC that were viable, secreted elevated levels of vWF, and were P-selectin positive. Platelets accumulated in the retracted spaces between EC in the activation zone at a wall shear rate of 150 and 1500 s(-1). Experiments with blocking antibodies show that platelets adhere via GPIbα-vWF and α6β1-laminin interactions. (3) A kill zone corresponded to peak temperatures of greater than 23 °C where EC were not viable and did not support platelet adhesion. These data define heating conditions for the activation of EC, causing the secretion of vWF and the exposure of a subendothelial matrix that support platelet adhesion and aggregation. This model provides for spatially defined zones of EC activation that could be a useful tool for measuring the relative roles of anti- and prothrombotic roles of EC at the site of vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sylman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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17
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Branchford BR, Ng CJ, Neeves KB, Di Paola J. Microfluidic technology as an emerging clinical tool to evaluate thrombosis and hemostasis. Thromb Res 2015; 136:13-9. [PMID: 26014643 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of platelet function and coagulation under flow conditions can augment traditional static assays used to evaluate patients with suspected hemostatic or thrombotic disorders. Among the available flow-based assays, microfluidic devices require the smallest blood volume and provide multiple output options. These assays are based on the presence of wall shear stress that mimics in vivo interactions between blood components and vessel walls. Microfluidic devices can generate essential information regarding homeostatic regulation of platelet activation and subsequent engagement of the coagulation cascade leading to fibrin deposition and clot formation. Emerging data suggest that microfluidic assays may also reveal consistent patterns of hemostatic or thrombotic pathology, and could aid in assessing and monitoring patient-specific effects of coagulation-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Branchford
- Dept. of Pediatrics - Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher J Ng
- Dept. of Pediatrics - Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keith B Neeves
- Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Dept. of Pediatrics - Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Graduate Program- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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18
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19
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Rana K, Timmer BJ, Neeves KB. A combined microfluidic-microstencil method for patterning biomolecules and cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:056502. [PMID: 25332748 PMCID: PMC4191368 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the myriad of soft lithography based micropatterning methods available to researchers, it is still challenging to define small features (10-100 μm) that are spaced far apart (1-10 mm). In this report, we describe a combined microfluidic-microstencil patterning method that can produce multifunctional substrates of small features, O(10 μm), with a large pitch, O(1 mm). In that, we fabricate microstencils using an UV curable polyurethane (Norland Optical Adhesive 81) with dense arrays of 10-100 μm holes. Overlaying arrays of microfluidic channels over these microstencils allow for the control of the spacing between features and the ability to pattern multiple substrates. We show that this method is capable of patterning soluble proteins, fibrillar insoluble collagen, liposomes, cells, and nanoparticles. We demonstrate the utility of the method by measuring platelet adhesion under flow to three adhesive proteins (insoluble fibrillar collagen, laminin, and reconstituted acid solubilized collagen fibers) in a single assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeepsinh Rana
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden , Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Benjamin J Timmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden , Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Keith B Neeves
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden , Colorado 80401, USA
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20
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The Relative Role of Soluble Guanylyl Cylase Dependent and Independent Pathways in Nitric Oxide Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation Under Flow. Cell Mol Bioeng 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-014-0331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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The use of microfluidics in hemostasis: clinical diagnostics and biomimetic models of vascular injury. Curr Opin Hematol 2013; 20:417-23. [PMID: 23872531 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e3283642186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the application of microfluidic technologies in hemostasis. The emphasis is on promising developments in devices for clinical applications and novel approaches to modeling complex hemodynamics. RECENT FINDINGS Microfluidics combined with micropatterning of prothrombotic substrates provides devices for measuring platelet function and coagulation with low blood volumes (∼100 μl) over a wide range of shear stresses. This technology has been applied to the diagnosis of bleeding and thrombotic disorders, as well as to dosing and monitoring of anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents. Microfluidic devices that mimic vascular geometries such as bifurcations, stenosis, and complex interconnected networks yield complex flow fields that have revealed new mechanisms of platelet adhesion and aggregation. Applying techniques from tissue engineering by endothelializing these networks is beginning to close the gap between in-vitro and in-vivo models of vascular injury. SUMMARY Microfluidic technology enables researchers to create in-vitro models of vascular disease with unprecedented control of the biochemical and biophysical conditions. Two promising directions are flow-dependent clinical assays and biomimetic vascular networks. These approaches are particularly well suited for modeling the microvasculature. However, caution should be used when extrapolating results from microfluidic channels to the pathophysiology of thrombosis in large arteries and veins.
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22
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Song SH, Lim CS, Shin S. Migration distance-based platelet function analysis in a microfluidic system. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:64101. [PMID: 24396535 PMCID: PMC3838424 DOI: 10.1063/1.4829095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation and adhesion of platelets to the vascular wall are shear-dependent processes that play critical roles in hemostasis and thrombosis at vascular injury sites. In this study, we designed a simple and rapid assay of platelet aggregation and adhesion in a microfluidic system. A shearing mechanism using a rotating stirrer provided adjustable shear rate and shearing time and induced platelet activation. When sheared blood was driven through the microchannel under vacuum pressure, shear-activated platelets adhered to a collagen-coated surface, causing blood flow to significantly slow and eventually stop. To measure platelet adhesion and aggregation, the migration distance (MD) of blood through the microchannel was monitored. As the microstirrer speed increased, MD initially decreased exponentially but then increased beyond a critical rpm. For platelet-excluded blood samples, there were no changes in MD with increasing stirrer speed. These findings imply that the stirrer provided sufficiently high shear to activate platelets and that blood MD is a potentially valuable index for measuring the shear-dependence of platelet activation. Our microfluidic system is quick and simple, while providing a precise assay to measure the effects of shear on platelet aggregation and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Heung Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 136-713 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae-Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sehyun Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 136-713 Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Abstract
The study of blood ex vivo can occur in closed or open systems, with or without flow. Microfluidic devices, which constrain fluids to a small (typically submillimeter) scale, facilitate analysis of platelet function, coagulation biology, cellular biorheology, adhesion dynamics, and pharmacology and, as a result, can be an invaluable tool for clinical diagnostics. An experimental session can accommodate hundreds to thousands of unique clotting, or thrombotic, events. Using microfluidics, thrombotic events can be studied on defined surfaces of biopolymers, matrix proteins, and tissue factor, under constant flow rate or constant pressure drop conditions. Distinct shear rates can be generated on a device using a single perfusion pump. Microfluidics facilitated both the determination of intraluminal thrombus permeability and the discovery that platelet contractility can be activated by a sudden decrease in flow. Microfluidic devices are ideal for multicolor imaging of platelets, fibrin, and phosphatidylserine and provide a human blood analog to mouse injury models. Overall, microfluidic advances offer many opportunities for research, drug testing under relevant hemodynamic conditions, and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Colace
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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24
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Tran R, Myers DR, Ciciliano J, Trybus Hardy EL, Sakurai Y, Ahn B, Qiu Y, Mannino RG, Fay ME, Lam WA. Biomechanics of haemostasis and thrombosis in health and disease: from the macro- to molecular scale. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:579-96. [PMID: 23490277 PMCID: PMC3822810 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the processes of haemostasis and thrombosis have been studied extensively in the past several decades, much of the effort has been spent characterizing the biological and biochemical aspects of clotting. More recently, researchers have discovered that the function and physiology of blood cells and plasma proteins relevant in haematologic processes are mechanically, as well as biologically, regulated. This is not entirely surprising considering the extremely dynamic fluidic environment that these blood components exist in. Other cells in the body such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells have been found to biologically respond to their physical and mechanical environments, affecting aspects of cellular physiology as diverse as cytoskeletal architecture to gene expression to alterations of vital signalling pathways. In the circulation, blood cells and plasma proteins are constantly exposed to forces while they, in turn, also exert forces to regulate clot formation. These mechanical factors lead to biochemical and biomechanical changes on the macro- to molecular scale. Likewise, biochemical and biomechanical alterations in the microenvironment can ultimately impact the mechanical regulation of clot formation. The ways in which these factors all balance each other can be the difference between haemostasis and thrombosis. Here, we review how the biomechanics of blood cells intimately interact with the cellular and molecular biology to regulate haemostasis and thrombosis in the context of health and disease from the macro- to molecular scale. We will also show how these biomechanical forces in the context of haemostasis and thrombosis have been replicated or measured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David R Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jordan Ciciliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elaissa L Trybus Hardy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Byungwook Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert G Mannino
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meredith E Fay
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
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25
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Transport Limitations of Nitric Oxide Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation under Flow. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:2193-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lucitt MB, O'Brien S, Cowman J, Meade G, Basabe-Desmonts L, Somers M, Kent N, Ricco AJ, Kenny D. Assaying the efficacy of dual-antiplatelet therapy: use of a controlled-shear-rate microfluidic device with a well-defined collagen surface to track dynamic platelet adhesion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4823-34. [PMID: 23535745 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and demonstration of an assay that distinguishes the pharmacological effects of two widely used antiplatelet therapies, aspirin (COX-1 inhibitor) and clopidogrel (P2Y12 inhibitor). Whole blood is perfused through a low-volume microfluidic device in contact with a well-characterized (ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy) acid-soluble type I collagen surface. Whole human blood treated in vitro with a P2Y12 inhibitor 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-monophosphate triethylammonium salt (2-MeSAMP) extended the time to the start of platelet recruitment, i.e., platelet binding to the collagen surface. Treatment with 2-MeSAMP also slowed the rate of aggregate buildup, with an overall reduced average platelet aggregate area after 8 min of constant blood flow. A far smaller effect was observed for in vitro treatment with aspirin, for which the rate of change of surface coverage is indistinguishable from controls. In whole blood obtained from patients under treatment with dual-antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel), a significant extension of time to platelet recruitment was observed along with a slowed rate of aggregate buildup and an average aggregate size approximately half that of control measurements. Differentiation of the pharmacological effects of these two well-targeted antiplatelet pathways suggests a role for this assay in determining the antiplatelet effects of these and related new therapeutics in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B Lucitt
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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27
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Neeves KB, Onasoga AA, Hansen RR, Lilly JJ, Venckunaite D, Sumner MB, Irish AT, Brodsky G, Manco-Johnson MJ, Di Paola JA. Sources of variability in platelet accumulation on type 1 fibrillar collagen in microfluidic flow assays. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54680. [PMID: 23355889 PMCID: PMC3552855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic flow assays (MFA) that measure shear dependent platelet function have potential clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of bleeding and thrombotic disorders. As a step towards clinical application, the objective of this study was to measure how phenotypic and genetic factors, as well as experimental conditions, affect the variability of platelet accumulation on type 1 collagen within a MFA. Whole blood was perfused over type 1 fibrillar collagen at wall shear rates of 150, 300, 750 and 1500 s−1 through four independent channels with a height of 50 µm and a width of 500 µm. The accumulation of platelets was characterized by the lag time to 1% platelet surface coverage (LagT), the rate of platelet accumulation (VPLT), and platelet surface coverage (SC). A cohort of normal donors was tested and the results were correlated to plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels, platelet count, hematocrit, sex, and collagen receptors genotypes. VWF levels were the strongest determinant of platelet accumulation. VWF levels were positively correlated to VPLT and SC at all wall shear rates. A longer LagT for platelet accumulation at arterial shear rates compared to venous shear rates was attributed to the time required for plasma proteins to adsorb to collagen. There was no association between platelet accumulation and hematocrit or platelet count. Individuals with the AG genotype of the GP6 gene had lower platelet accumulation than individuals with the AA genotype at 150 s−1 and 300 s−1. Recalcified blood collected into sodium citrate and corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI) resulted in diminished platelet accumulation compared to CTI alone, suggesting that citrate irreversibly diminishes platelet function. This study the largest association study of MFA in healthy donors (n = 104) and will likely set up the basis for the determination of the normal range of platelet responses in this type of assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B. Neeves
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KBN); (JADP)
| | - Abimbola A. Onasoga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ryan R. Hansen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jessica J. Lilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Diana Venckunaite
- Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Meghan B. Sumner
- Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Andrew T. Irish
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gary Brodsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jorge A. Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KBN); (JADP)
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28
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Hansen RR, Wufsus AR, Barton ST, Onasoga AA, Johnson-Paben RM, Neeves KB. High content evaluation of shear dependent platelet function in a microfluidic flow assay. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 41:250-62. [PMID: 23001359 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The high blood volume requirements and low throughput of conventional flow assays for measuring platelet function are unsuitable for drug screening and clinical applications. In this study, we describe a microfluidic flow assay that uses 50 μL of whole blood to measure platelet function on ~300 micropatterned spots of collagen over a range of physiologic shear rates (50-920 s(-1)). Patterning of collagen thin films (CTF) was achieved using a novel hydrated microcontact stamping method. CTF spots of 20, 50, and 100 μm were defined on glass substrates and consisted of a dense mat of nanoscale collagen fibers (3.74 ± 0.75 nm). We found that a spot size of greater than 20 μm was necessary to support platelet adhesion under flow, suggesting a threshold injury size is necessary for stable platelet adhesion. Integrating 50 μm CTF microspots into a multishear microfluidic device yielded a high content assay from which we extracted platelet accumulation metrics (lag time, growth rate, total accumulation) on the spots using Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy. This method has potential broad application in identifying platelet function defects and screening, monitoring, and dosing antiplatelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Hansen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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