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Puumala LS, Grist SM, Morales JM, Bickford JR, Chrostowski L, Shekhar S, Cheung KC. Biofunctionalization of Multiplexed Silicon Photonic Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:bios13010053. [PMID: 36671887 PMCID: PMC9855810 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photonic (SiP) sensors offer a promising platform for robust and low-cost decentralized diagnostics due to their high scalability, low limit of detection, and ability to integrate multiple sensors for multiplexed analyte detection. Their CMOS-compatible fabrication enables chip-scale miniaturization, high scalability, and low-cost mass production. Sensitive, specific detection with silicon photonic sensors is afforded through biofunctionalization of the sensor surface; consequently, this functionalization chemistry is inextricably linked to sensor performance. In this review, we first highlight the biofunctionalization needs for SiP biosensors, including sensitivity, specificity, cost, shelf-stability, and replicability and establish a set of performance criteria. We then benchmark biofunctionalization strategies for SiP biosensors against these criteria, organizing the review around three key aspects: bioreceptor selection, immobilization strategies, and patterning techniques. First, we evaluate bioreceptors, including antibodies, aptamers, nucleic acid probes, molecularly imprinted polymers, peptides, glycans, and lectins. We then compare adsorption, bioaffinity, and covalent chemistries for immobilizing bioreceptors on SiP surfaces. Finally, we compare biopatterning techniques for spatially controlling and multiplexing the biofunctionalization of SiP sensors, including microcontact printing, pin- and pipette-based spotting, microfluidic patterning in channels, inkjet printing, and microfluidic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S. Puumala
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samantha M. Grist
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
| | - Jennifer M. Morales
- Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Justin R. Bickford
- Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Lukas Chrostowski
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sudip Shekhar
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen C. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Piccinini E, Fenoy GE, Cantillo AL, Allegretto JA, Scotto J, Piccinini JM, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Biofunctionalization of Graphene-Based FET Sensors through Heterobifunctional Nanoscaffolds: Technology Validation toward Rapid COVID-19 Diagnostics and Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2022; 9:2102526. [PMID: 35538925 PMCID: PMC9073996 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biofunctionalization of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) through vinylsulfonated-polyethyleneimine nanoscaffold is presented for enhanced biosensing of severe acute respiratory-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and human ferritin, two targets of great importance for the rapid diagnostic and monitoring of individuals with COVID-19. The heterobifunctional nanoscaffold enables covalent immobilization of binding proteins and antifouling polymers while the whole architecture is attached to graphene by multivalent π-π interactions. First, to optimize the sensing platform, concanavalin A is employed for glycoprotein detection. Then, monoclonal antibodies specific against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ferritin are anchored, yielding biosensors with limit of detections of 0.74 and 0.23 nm, and apparent affinity constants ( K D G F E T ) of 6.7 and 8.8 nm, respectively. Both biosensing platforms show good specificity, fast time response, and wide dynamic range (0.1-100 nm). Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is also detected in spiked nasopharyngeal swab samples. To rigorously validate this biosensing technology, the GFET response is matched with surface plasmon resonance measurements, exhibiting linear correlations (from 2 to 100 ng cm-2) and good agreement in terms of K D values. Finally, the performance of the biosensors fabricated through the nanoscaffold strategy is compared with those obtained through the widely employed monopyrene approach, showing enhanced sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Piccinini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
| | - Gonzalo E. Fenoy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
| | - Agustín L. Cantillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
- GISENS BIOTECHBuenos AiresC1414BPVArgentina
| | - Juan A. Allegretto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
| | - Juliana Scotto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
| | | | - Waldemar A. Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
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Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Spectroscopy and Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) Biosensors: A Comparative Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22082901. [PMID: 35458884 PMCID: PMC9028357 DOI: 10.3390/s22082901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Label-free direct-optical biosensors such as surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy has become a gold standard in biochemical analytics in centralized laboratories. Biosensors based on photonic integrated circuits (PIC) are based on the same physical sensing mechanism: evanescent field sensing. PIC-based biosensors can play an important role in healthcare, especially for point-of-care diagnostics, if challenges for a transfer from research laboratory to industrial applications can be overcome. Research is at this threshold, which presents a great opportunity for innovative on-site analyses in the health and environmental sectors. A deeper understanding of the innovative PIC technology is possible by comparing it with the well-established SPR spectroscopy. In this work, we shortly introduce both technologies and reveal similarities and differences. Further, we review some latest advances and compare both technologies in terms of surface functionalization and sensor performance.
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Ahoulou S, Perret E, Nedelec JM. Functionalization and Characterization of Silicon Nanowires for Sensing Applications: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:999. [PMID: 33924658 PMCID: PMC8070586 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanowires are attractive materials from the point of view of their electrical properties or high surface-to-volume ratio, which makes them interesting for sensing applications. However, they can achieve a better performance by adjusting their surface properties with organic/inorganic compounds. This review gives an overview of the main techniques used to modify silicon nanowire surfaces as well as characterization techniques. A comparison was performed with the functionalization method developed, and some applications of modified silicon nanowires and their advantages on those non-modified are subsequently presented. In the final words, the future opportunities of functionalized silicon nanowires for chipless tag radio frequency identification (RFID) have been depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ahoulou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- LCIS, INP, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-26000 Valence, France;
| | - Etienne Perret
- LCIS, INP, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-26000 Valence, France;
| | - Jean-Marie Nedelec
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Jiao LY, Zhang Z, Yin XM, Li Z, Ma XX. Copper catalyzed synthesis of aryl/alkyl mixed phosphates from diphenylphosphoryl azides and aliphatic alcohols under mild conditions. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Optical Biosensors Based on Silicon-On-Insulator Ring Resonators: A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030519. [PMID: 30709027 PMCID: PMC6384601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in optical biosensors based on integrated photonic devices are reviewed with a special emphasis on silicon-on-insulator ring resonators. The review is mainly devoted to the following aspects: (1) Principles of sensing mechanism, (2) sensor design, (3) biofunctionalization procedures for specific molecule detection and (4) system integration and measurement set-ups. The inherent challenges of implementing photonics-based biosensors to meet specific requirements of applications in medicine, food analysis, and environmental monitoring are discussed.
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O'Neil CL, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Immobilization of glycans on solid surfaces for application in glycomics. J Carbohydr Chem 2018; 37:225-249. [PMID: 30505067 PMCID: PMC6261488 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2018.1462372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are an important class of biomolecules which are involved in a multitude of cellular functions. In the field of glycomics, the structure and function of various carbohydrates, oligosaccharides, glycans and their conjugates are constantly under investigation. In the continuing quest to understand the roles of carbohydrates in their interactions with proteins, immunogens, and other cell-surface carbohydrates, scientists have developed methods for observing the effects of specific saccharide sequences on various cellular components. Carbohydrate immobilization has allowed researchers to study the impact of specific sequences, leading to a deeper understanding of many cellular processes. The goal of this review is to highlight the chemical reactions and interactions that have been used for glycan immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L O'Neil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Caroselli R, García Castelló J, Escorihuela J, Bañuls MJ, Maquieira Á, García-Rupérez J. Experimental Study of the Oriented Immobilization of Antibodies on Photonic Sensing Structures by Using Protein A as an Intermediate Layer. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18041012. [PMID: 29597326 PMCID: PMC5949038 DOI: 10.3390/s18041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A proper antibody immobilization on a biosensor is a crucial step in order to obtain a high sensitivity to be able to detect low target analyte concentrations. In this paper, we present an experimental study of the immobilization process of antibodies as bioreceptors on a photonic ring resonator sensor. A protein A intermediate layer was created on the sensor surface in order to obtain an oriented immobilization of the antibodies, which enhances the interaction with the target antigens to be detected. The anti-bovine serum albumin (antiBSA)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) pair was used as a model for our study. An opto-fluidic setup was developed in order to flow the different reagents and, simultaneously, to monitor in real-time the spectral response of the photonic sensing structure. The antiBSA immobilization and the BSA detection, their repeatability, and specificity were studied in different conditions of the sensor surface. Finally, an experimental limit of detection for BSA recognition of only 1 ng/mL was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Caroselli
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier García Castelló
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jaime García-Rupérez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Cattani-Scholz A. Functional Organophosphonate Interfaces for Nanotechnology: A Review. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25643-25655. [PMID: 28671811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of interfaces in inorganic-organic device systems depends strongly on understanding both the molecular processes that are involved in surface modification and the effects that such modifications have on the electronic states of the material. In particular, the last several years have seen passivation and functionalization of semiconductor surfaces to be strategies by which to realize devices with superior function by controlling Fermi level energies, band-gap magnitudes, and work functions of semiconducting substrates. Among all of the synthetic routes and deposition methods available for the optimization of functional interfaces in hybrid systems, organophosphonate chemistry has been found to be a powerful tool to control at the molecular level the properties of materials in many different applications. In this Review, we focus on the relevance of organophosphonate chemistry in nanotechnology, giving an overview about some recent advances in surface modification, interface engineering, nanostructure optimization, and biointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cattani-Scholz
- Walter Schottky Institut and Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching, Germany
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Neethirajan S, Ahmed SR, Chand R, Buozis J, Nagy É. Recent Advances in Biosensor Development for Foodborne Virus Detection. Nanotheranostics 2017; 1:272-295. [PMID: 29071193 PMCID: PMC5646734 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.20301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of foodborne diseases related to fresh produce have been increasing in North America and Europe. Viral foodborne pathogens are poorly understood, suffering from insufficient awareness and surveillance due to the limits on knowledge, availability, and costs of related technologies and devices. Current foodborne viruses are emphasized and newly emerging foodborne viruses are beginning to attract interest. To face current challenges regarding foodborne pathogens, a point-of-care (POC) concept has been introduced to food testing technology and device. POC device development involves technologies such as microfluidics, nanomaterials, biosensors and other advanced techniques. These advanced technologies, together with the challenges in developing foodborne virus detection assays and devices, are described and analysed in this critical review. Advanced technologies provide a path forward for foodborne virus detection, but more research and development will be needed to provide the level of manufacturing capacity required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Neethirajan
- BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Syed Rahin Ahmed
- BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rohit Chand
- BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John Buozis
- BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Wang H, Cheng F, Shen W, Cheng G, Zhao J, Peng W, Qu J. Amino acid-based anti-fouling functionalization of silica nanoparticles using divinyl sulfone. Acta Biomater 2016; 40:273-281. [PMID: 27032480 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Natural amino acids are zwitterionic molecules and the good biocompatibility promises them potential candidates as anti-fouling materials. Here, we developed a new method to functionalize silica nanoparticles with a natural amino acid-based anti-fouling layer. Amino acids were covalently immobilized on 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified silica nanoparticles using divinyl sulfone through a two-step reaction in aqueous solution at room temperature. The progress was monitored with NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zeta potential measurements. A library of amino acids was screened and the nonspecific protein adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were investigated using dynamic light scattering method. The results showed that cysteine, lysine and arginine functionalized silica nanoparticles can effectively resist protein adsorption due to the zwitterionic structure. Among them, lysine functionalized silica nanoparticles had the best anti-fouling performance, which showed hydrodynamic diameter increases of only 10% after incubated in BSA solution and 20% after incubated in FBS solution for 24h. The neat aqueous modification process can conveniently create a thin zwitterionic layer on silica particles, and it has a great potential in biomolecule immobilization and biofunctional surface preparation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Zwitterionic polymer is an outstanding class of anti-fouling material; but the difficulty in synthesis is challenging its spread utilization. In this study, we developed a new method to create an amino acid-based zwitterionic layer on APTES functionalized silica nanoparticles through a two-step reaction in aqueous solution at room temperature. The surface chemistry was monitored with NMR, XPS, TEM and zeta potential measurements. With this method, a library of amino acid conjugated-silica nanoparticles was synthesized and their anti-fouling performance was evaluated using dynamic light scattering method. The results showed that the cysteine, lysine and arginine conjugated nanoparticles all can effectively resist nonspecific protein adsorption. Among them, lysine conjugated nanoparticles show the best anti-fouling performance, which showed hydrodynamic diameter increases of only 10% after incubated in BSA solution and 20% after incubated in FBS solution for 24 hours. These results indicates that the anti-fouling silica nanoparticles are of great potential in many biomedical applications, especially biosensing and diagnose imaging. The modification reactions in aqueous solution at room temperature are easily conducted in laboratory, indicating high potential in the functionalization of silica particles/surfaces with other biomolecules.
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Bridle H, Balharry D, Gaiser B, Johnston H. Exploitation of Nanotechnology for the Monitoring of Waterborne Pathogens: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Priorities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10762-77. [PMID: 26301863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated drinking water is one of the most important environmental contributors to the human disease burden. Monitoring of water for the presence of pathogens is an essential part of ensuring drinking water safety. In order to assess water quality it is essential to have methods available to sample and detect the type, level and viability of pathogens in water which are effective, cheap, quick, sensitive, and where possible high throughput. Nanotechnology has the potential to drastically improve the monitoring of waterborne pathogens when compared to conventional approaches. To date, there have been no reviews that outline the applications of nanotechnology in this area despite increasing exploitation of nanotechnology for this purpose. This review is therefore the first overview of the state-of-the-art in the application of nanotechnology to waterborne pathogen sampling and detection schemes. Research in this field has been centered on the use of engineered nanomaterials. The effectiveness and limitations of nanomaterial-based approaches is outlined. A future outlook of the advances that are likely to emerge in this area, as well as recommendations for areas of further research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bridle
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University , Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Balharry
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Gaiser
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Helinor Johnston
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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Wang H, Cheng F, Li M, Peng W, Qu J. Reactivity and kinetics of vinyl sulfone-functionalized self-assembled monolayers for bioactive ligand immobilization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3413-3421. [PMID: 25736428 DOI: 10.1021/la504087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new vinyl sulfone (VS) disulfide, 1,2-bis(11-(vinyl sulfonyl)undecyl)disulfane, was synthesized to enable the preparation of VS-presenting self-assembled monolayers (VS SAMs) on Au substrates. The VS SAMs were used as a model system to assess the reaction kinetics of bioactive ligands, i.e., glutathione (GSH), N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)iminodiacetic acid (ab-NTA), and mannose, toward the VS groups on the SAM surface. The VS SAMs and the ligand immobilization were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle goniometry, and protein-binding experiments using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Kinetic studies showed that the surface VS groups undergo pseudo-first-order reactions with various ligands, with the observed rate constant being 0.057 min(-1) for GSH at pH 7.5, 0.011 min(-1) for ab-NTA at pH 8.5, and 0.009 min(-1) for mannose at pH 10.5. This work advanced our understanding of the reactivity of VS-bearing functional surfaces and further demonstrated the versatile potential of VS chemistry to prepare ligand-immobilized bioactive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Peng
- §School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
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Cheng F, Li MY, Wang HQ, Lin DQ, Qu JP. Antibody-ligand interactions for hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography: a surface plasmon resonance study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3422-3430. [PMID: 25734470 DOI: 10.1021/la5044987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the use of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy to study antibody-ligand interactions for hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography (HCIC) and its versatility in investigating the surface and solution factors affecting the interactions. Two density model surfaces presenting the HCIC ligand (mercapto-ethyl-pyridine, MEP) were prepared on Au using a self-assembly technique. The surface chemistry and structure, ionization, and protein binding of such model surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), contact-angle titration, and SPR, respectively. The influences of the surface and solution factors, e.g., ligand density, salt concentration, and solution pH, on protein adsorption were determined by SPR. Our results showed that ligand density affects both equilibrium and dynamic aspects of the interactions. Specifically, a dense ligand leads to an increase in binding strength, rapid adsorption, slow desorption, and low specificity. In addition, both hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding contribute significantly to the protein adsorption at neutral pH, while the electrostatic repulsion is overwhelmed under acidic conditions. The hydrophobic interaction at a high concentration of lyotropic salt would cause drastic conformational changes in the adsorbed protein. Combined with the self-assembly technique, SPR proves to be a powerful tool for studying the interactions between an antibody and a chromatographic ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming-Yang Li
- §School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | | | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Shtenberg G, Massad-Ivanir N, Segal E. Detection of trace heavy metal ions in water by nanostructured porous Si biosensors. Analyst 2015; 140:4507-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Specific and sensitive detection and quantification of heavy metals in real water using label-free optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgi Shtenberg
- The Inter-Departmental Program of Biotechnology
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
| | - Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute
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16
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Panmand DS, Tiwari AD, Panda SS, Monbaliu JCM, Beagle LK, Asiri AM, Stevens CV, Steel PJ, Hall CD, Katritzky AR. New benzotriazole-based reagents for the phosphonylation of various N-, O-, and S-nucleophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Han L, Kitova EN, Tan M, Jiang X, Klassen JS. Identifying carbohydrate ligands of a norovirus P particle using a catch and release electrospray ionization mass spectrometry assay. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:111-119. [PMID: 24096878 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs), the major cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis, recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), which are present as free oligosaccharides in bodily fluid or glycolipids and glycoproteins on the surfaces of cells. The subviral P particle formed by the protruding (P) domain of the NoV capsid protein serves as a useful model for the study NoV-HBGA interactions. Here, we demonstrate the application of a catch-and-release electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CaR-ESI-MS) assay for screening carbohydrate libraries against the P particle to rapidly identify NoV ligands and potential inhibitors. Carbohydrate libraries of 50 and 146 compounds, which included 18 and 24 analogs of HBGA receptors, respectively, were screened against the P particle of VA387, a member of the predominant GII.4 NoVs. Deprotonated ions corresponding to the P particle bound to carbohydrates were isolated and subjected to collision-induced dissociation to release the ligands in their deprotonated forms. The released ligands were identified by ion mobility separation followed by mass analysis. All 13 and 16 HBGA ligands with intrinsic affinities >500 M(-1) were identified in the 50 and the 146 compound libraries, respectively. Furthermore, screening revealed interactions with a series of oligosaccharides with structures found in the cell wall of mycobacteria and human milk. The affinities of these newly discovered ligands are comparable to those of the HBGA receptors, as estimated from the relative abundance of released ligand ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Han
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
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18
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Shang J, Piskarev VE, Xia M, Huang P, Jiang X, Likhosherstov LM, Novikova OS, Newburg DS, Ratner DM. Identifying human milk glycans that inhibit norovirus binding using surface plasmon resonance. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1491-8. [PMID: 24026239 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk glycans inhibit binding between norovirus and its host glycan receptor; such competitive inhibition by human milk glycans is associated with a reduced risk of infection. The relationship between the presence of specific structural motifs in the human milk glycan and its ability to inhibit binding by specific norovirus strains requires facile, accurate and miniaturized-binding assays. Toward this end, a high-throughput biosensor platform was developed based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) of glycan microarrays. The SPRi was validated, and its utility was tested, by measuring binding specificities between defined human milk glycan epitopes and the capsids of two common norovirus strains, VA387 and Norwalk. Human milk oligosaccharide (HMOS)-based neoglycoconjugates, including chemically derived neoglycoproteins and oligosaccharide-glycine derivatives, were used to represent polyvalent glycoconjugates and monovalent oligosaccharides, respectively, in human milk. SPRi binding results established that the glycan motifs that bind norovirus capsids depend upon strain; VA387 capsid interacts with two neoglycoproteins, whereas Norwalk capsid binds to a different set of HMOS motifs in the form of both polyvalent neoglycoproteins and monovalent oligosaccharides. SPRi competitive binding assays further demonstrated that specific norovirus-binding glycans are able to inhibit norovirus capsid binding to their host receptors. A polyvalent neoglycoconjugate with clustered carbohydrate moieties is required for the inhibition of VA387 capsid binding to host receptor glycans, whereas both monovalent oligosaccharides and polyvalent neoglycoconjugates are able to inhibit Norwalk capsid binding to its host receptor. Binding of HMOS and HMOS-based neoglycoconjugates to norovirus capsids depends upon the specific strain characteristics, implying that HMOS and their polyvalent derivatives are potential anti-adhesive agents for norovirus prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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19
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Abstract
Breastfeeding protects the neonate against pathogen infection. Major mechanisms of protection include human milk glycoconjugates functioning as soluble receptor mimetics that inhibit pathogen binding to the mucosal cell surface, prebiotic stimulation of gut colonization by favorable microbiota, immunomodulation, and as a substrate for bacterial fermentation products in the gut. Human milk proteins are predominantly glycosylated, and some biological functions of these human milk glycoproteins (HMGPs) have been reported. HMGPs range in size from 14 kDa to 2,000 kDa and include mucins, secretory immunoglobulin A, bile salt-stimulated lipase, lactoferrin, butyrophilin, lactadherin, leptin, and adiponectin. This review summarizes known biological roles of HMGPs that may contribute to the ability of human milk to protect neonates from disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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20
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Biomolecular analysis with microring resonators: applications in multiplexed diagnostics and interaction screening. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:818-26. [PMID: 23871688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microring optical resonators are a promising class of sensor whose value in bioanalytical applications has only begun to be explored. Utilized in the telecommunication industry for signal processing applications, microring resonators have more recently been re-tasked for biosensing because of their scalability, sensitivity, and versatility. Their sensing modality arises from light/matter interactions--light propagating through the microring and the resultant evanescent field extending beyond the structure is sensitive to the refractive index of the local environment, which modulates resonant wavelength of light supported by the cavity. This sensing capability has recently been utilized for the detection of numerous biological targets including proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and small molecules. Herein we highlight some of the most exciting recent uses of this technology for biosensing applications, with an eye towards future developments in the field.
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21
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Woo Kim K, Shin Y, Promoda Perera A, Liu Q, Sheng Kee J, Han K, Yoon YJ, Kyoung Park M. Label-free, PCR-free chip-based detection of telomerase activity in bladder cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 45:152-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Ren J, Wang L, Han X, Cheng J, Lv H, Wang J, Jian X, Zhao M, Jia L. Organic silicone sol-gel polymer as a noncovalent carrier of receptor proteins for label-free optical biosensor application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:386-394. [PMID: 23259485 DOI: 10.1021/am3024355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensing techniques have become of key importance for label-free monitoring of biomolecular interactions in the current proteomics era. Together with an increasing emphasis on high-throughput applications in functional proteomics and drug discovery, there has been demand for facile and generally applicable methods for the immobilization of a wide range of receptor proteins. Here, we developed a polymer platform for microring resonator biosensors, which allows the immobilization of receptor proteins on the surface of waveguide directly without any additional modification. A sol-gel process based on a mixture of three precursors was employed to prepare a liquid hybrid polysiloxane, which was photopatternable for the photocuring process and UV imprint. Waveguide films were prepared on silicon substrates by spin coating and characterized by atomic force microscopy for roughness, and protein adsorption. The results showed that the surface of the polymer film was smooth (rms = 0.658 nm), and exhibited a moderate hydrophobicity with the water contact angle of 97°. Such a hydrophobic extent could provide a necessary binding strength for stable immobilization of proteins on the material surface in various sensing conditions. Biological activity of the immobilized Staphylococcal protein A and its corresponding biosensing performance were demonstrated by its specific recognition of human Immunoglobulin G. This study showed the potential of preparing dense, homogeneous, specific, and stable biosensing surfaces by immobilizing receptor proteins on polymer-based optical devices through the direct physical adsorption method. We expect that such polymer waveguide could be of special interest in developing low-cost and robust optical biosensing platform for multidimensional arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
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23
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Bañuls MJ, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Chemical surface modifications for the development of silicon-based label-free integrated optical (IO) biosensors: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 777:1-16. [PMID: 23622959 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest has been paid to label-free biosensors in recent years. Among them, refractive index (RI) optical biosensors enable high density and the chip-scale integration of optical components. This makes them more appealing to help develop lab-on-a-chip devices. Today, many RI integrated optical (IO) devices are made using silicon-based materials. A key issue in their development is the biofunctionalization of sensing surfaces because they provide a specific, sensitive response to the analyte of interest. This review critically discusses the biofunctionalization procedures, assay formats and characterization techniques employed in setting up IO biosensors. In addition, it provides the most relevant results obtained from using these devices for real sample biosensing. Finally, an overview of the most promising future developments in the fields of chemical surface modification and capture agent attachment for IO biosensors follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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24
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Holt SA, Le Brun AP, Nelson ARJ, Lakey JH. In situ study of the impact of acidic and neutral deposition pH on alkane phosphate film formation and stability on TiO2. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22643j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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25
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Guerrero G, Alauzun JG, Granier M, Laurencin D, Mutin PH. Phosphonate coupling molecules for the control of surface/interface properties and the synthesis of nanomaterials. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:12569-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Yu A, Shang J, Cheng F, Paik BA, Kaplan JM, Andrade RB, Ratner DM. Biofunctional paper via the covalent modification of cellulose. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:11265-73. [PMID: 22708701 PMCID: PMC3449171 DOI: 10.1021/la301661x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based analytical devices are the subject of growing interest for the development of low-cost point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring technologies, and research tools for limited-resource settings. However, there are limited chemistries available for the conjugation of biomolecules to cellulose for use in biomedical applications. Herein, divinyl sulfone (DVS) chemistry was demonstrated to immobilize small molecules, proteins, and DNA covalently onto the hydroxyl groups of cellulose membranes through nucleophilic addition. Assays on modified cellulose using protein-carbohydrate and protein-glycoprotein interactions as well as oligonucleotide hybridization showed that the membrane's bioactivity was specific, dose-dependent, and stable over a long period of time. The use of an inkjet printer to form patterns of biomolecules on DVS-activated cellulose illustrates the adaptability of the DVS functionalization technique to pattern sophisticated designs, with potential applications in cellulose-based lateral flow devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15Ave NE, Seattle, 98195
| | - Jing Shang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15Ave NE, Seattle, 98195
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15Ave NE, Seattle, 98195
| | - Bradford A. Paik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0132, USA
| | - Justin M. Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Beury Hall 130, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Rodrigo B. Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Beury Hall 130, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Daniel M. Ratner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15Ave NE, Seattle, 98195
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