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Gromoff Q, Benzo P, Saidi WA, Andolina CM, Casanove MJ, Hungria T, Barre S, Benoit M, Lam J. Exploring the formation of gold/silver nanoalloys with gas-phase synthesis and machine-learning assisted simulations. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:384-393. [PMID: 38063839 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04471h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
While nanoalloys are of paramount scientific and practical interest, the main processes leading to their formation are still poorly understood. Key structural features in the alloy systems, including the crystal phase, chemical ordering, and morphology, are challenging to control at the nanoscale, making it difficult to extend their use to industrial applications. In this contribution, we focus on the gold/silver system that has two of the most prevalent noble metals and combine experiments with simulations to uncover the formation mechanisms at the atomic level. Nanoparticles were produced using a state-of-the-art inert-gas aggregation source and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Machine-learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations were employed to model the crystallization process from liquid droplets to nanocrystals. Our study finds a preponderance of nanoparticles with five-fold symmetric morphology, including icosahedra and decahedra which is consistent with previous results on mono-metallic nanoparticles. However, we observed that gold atoms, rather than silver atoms, segregate at the surface of the obtained nanoparticles for all the considered alloy compositions. These segregation tendencies are in contrast to previous studies and have consequences on the crystallization dynamics and the subsequent crystal ordering. We finally showed that the underpinning of this surprising segregation dynamics is due to charge transfer and electrostatic interactions rather than surface energy considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Gromoff
- CEMES, CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Patrizio Benzo
- CEMES, CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Wissam A Saidi
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christopher M Andolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Marie-José Casanove
- CEMES, CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Teresa Hungria
- Centre de MicroCaractérisation Raimond Castaing, Université de Toulouse, 3 rue Caroline Aigle, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Barre
- CEMES, CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Magali Benoit
- CEMES, CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Julien Lam
- CEMES, CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, UMR 8207, UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F 59000 Lille, France.
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Pitzalis E, Psaro R, Evangelisti C. From metal vapor to supported single atoms, clusters and nanoparticles: Recent advances to heterogeneous catalysts. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nieto-Argüello A, Medina-Cruz D, Pérez-Ramírez YS, Pérez-García SA, Velasco-Soto MA, Jafari Z, De Leon I, González MU, Huttel Y, Martínez L, Mayoral Á, Webster TJ, García-Martín JM, Cholula-Díaz JL. Composition-Dependent Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activity of Biopolymer-Capped Ag/Au Bimetallic Nanoparticles against Melanoma and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:779. [PMID: 35269267 PMCID: PMC8912067 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured silver (Ag) and gold (Au) are widely known to be potent biocidal and cytotoxic agents as well as biocompatible nanomaterials. It has been recently reported that combining both metals in a specific chemical composition causes a significant enhancement in their antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, as well as in their anticancer effects, while preserving cytocompatibility properties. In this work, Ag/Au bimetallic nanoparticles over a complete atomic chemical composition range were prepared at 10 at% through a green, highly reproducible, and simple approach using starch as a unique reducing and capping agent. The noble metal nanosystems were thoroughly characterized by different analytical techniques, including UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopies, XRD, TEM/EDS, XPS and ICP-MS. Moreover, absorption spectra simulations for representative colloidal Ag/Au-NP samples were conducted using FDTD modelling. The antibacterial properties of the bimetallic nanoparticles were determined against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, showing a clear dose-dependent inhibition even at the lowest concentration tested (5 µg/mL). Cytocompatibility assays showed a medium range of toxicity at low and intermediate concentrations (5 and 10 µg/mL), while triggering an anticancer behavior, even at the lowest concentration tested, in a process involving reactive oxygen species production per the nanoparticle Au:Ag ratio. In this manner, this study provides promising evidence that the presently fabricated Ag/Au-NPs should be further studied for a wide range of antibacterial and anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Nieto-Argüello
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (A.N.-A.); (Y.S.P.-R.); (M.A.V.-S.); (Z.J.); (I.D.L.)
| | - David Medina-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.M.-C.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Yeremi S. Pérez-Ramírez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (A.N.-A.); (Y.S.P.-R.); (M.A.V.-S.); (Z.J.); (I.D.L.)
| | - Sergio A. Pérez-García
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S. C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Norte 202, Apodaca 66628, NL, Mexico;
| | - Miguel A. Velasco-Soto
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (A.N.-A.); (Y.S.P.-R.); (M.A.V.-S.); (Z.J.); (I.D.L.)
| | - Zeinab Jafari
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (A.N.-A.); (Y.S.P.-R.); (M.A.V.-S.); (Z.J.); (I.D.L.)
| | - Israel De Leon
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (A.N.-A.); (Y.S.P.-R.); (M.A.V.-S.); (Z.J.); (I.D.L.)
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain; (M.U.G.); (J.M.G.-M.)
| | - Yves Huttel
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (Y.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Lidia Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (Y.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Álvaro Mayoral
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Center for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (CħEM), School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST), ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.M.-C.); (T.J.W.)
| | - José M. García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain; (M.U.G.); (J.M.G.-M.)
| | - Jorge L. Cholula-Díaz
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico; (A.N.-A.); (Y.S.P.-R.); (M.A.V.-S.); (Z.J.); (I.D.L.)
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Ten Brink GH, Zhu X, Guo W, Blauw K, Assink L, Svetovoy VB, Kooi BJ, Palasantzas G. Wetting of surfaces decorated by gas-phase synthesized silver nanoparticles: Effects of Ag adatoms, nanoparticle aging, and surface mobility. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:214701. [PMID: 34879663 DOI: 10.1063/5.0070497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The wetting state of surfaces can be rendered to a highly hydrophobic state by the deposition of hydrophilic gas phase synthesized Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The aging of Ag NPs leads to an increase in their size, which is also associated with the presence of Ag adatoms on the surface between the NPs that have a strong effect on the wetting processes. Furthermore, surface airborne hydrocarbons were removed by UV-ozone treatment, providing deeper insight into the apparent mobility of the NPs on different surfaces and their subsequent ripening and aging. In addition, the UV-ozone treatment revealed the presence of adatoms during the magnetron sputtering process. This surface treatment lowers the initial contact angle of the substrates and facilitates the mobility of Ag NPs and adatoms on the surface of substrates. Adatoms co-deposited on clean high surface energy substrates will nucleate on Ag NPs that will remain closely spherical and preserve the pinning effect due to the water nanomeniscus. If the adatoms are co-deposited on a UV-ozone cleaned low surface energy substrate, their mobility is restricted, and they will nucleate in two-dimensional islands and/or nanoclusters on the surface instead of connecting to existing Ag NPs. This growth results in a rough surface without overhangs, where the wetting state is reversed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Finally, different material surfaces of transmission electron microscopy grids revealed strong differences in the sticking coefficient for the Ag NPs, suggesting another factor that can strongly affect their wetting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert H Ten Brink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaotian Zhu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Weiteng Guo
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Blauw
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Assink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V B Svetovoy
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31 Bld. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bart J Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - George Palasantzas
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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López-Martín R, Burgos BS, Normile PS, De Toro JA, Binns C. Gas Phase Synthesis of Multi-Element Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2803. [PMID: 34835568 PMCID: PMC8618514 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles in terms of size control and flexibility in choice of materials is well known. There is increasing interest in synthesizing multi-element nanoparticles in order to optimize their performance in specific applications, and here, the flexibility of material choice is a key advantage. Mixtures of almost any solid materials can be manufactured and in the case of core-shell particles, there is independent control over core size and shell thickness. This review presents different methods of producing multi-element nanoparticles, including the use of multiple targets, alloy targets and in-line deposition methods to coat pre-formed cores. It also discusses the factors that produce alloy, core-shell or Janus morphologies and what is possible or not to synthesize. Some applications of multi-element nanoparticles in medicine will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chris Binns
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-M.); (B.S.B.); (P.S.N.); (J.A.D.T.)
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6
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Abstract
AbstractMany research works have demonstrated that the combination of atomically precise cluster deposition and theoretical calculations is able to address fundamental aspects of size-effects, cluster-support interactions, and reaction mechanisms of cluster materials. Although the wet chemistry method has been widely used to synthesize nanoparticles, the gas-phase synthesis and size-selected strategy was the only method to prepare supported metal clusters with precise numbers of atoms for a long time. However, the low throughput of the physical synthesis method has severely constrained its wider adoption for catalysis applications. In this review, we introduce the latest progress on three types of cluster source which have the most promising potential for scale-up, including sputtering gas aggregation source, pulsed microplasma cluster source, and matrix assembly cluster source. While the sputtering gas aggregation source is leading ahead with a production rate of ∼20 mg·h−1, the pulsed microplasma source has the smallest physical dimensions which makes it possible to compact multiple such devices into a small volume for multiplied production rate. The matrix assembly source has the shortest development history, but already show an impressive deposition rate of ~10 mg·h−1. At the end of the review, the possible routes for further throughput scale-up are envisaged.
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Chamorro-Coral W, Caillard A, Brault P, Baranton S, Coutanceau C. Binary and ternary Pt-based clusters grown in a plasma multimagnetron-based gas aggregation source: electrocatalytic evaluation towards glycerol oxidation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1730-1740. [PMID: 36132561 PMCID: PMC9418899 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01009j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt), platinum-bismuth (PtBi), platinum-copper (PtCu) and platinum-bismuth-copper (PtCuBi) clusters were grown in a gas aggregation source (GAS) equipped with three in-plane plasma magnetrons located in a single region of the gas aggregation zone. The X-ray diffraction results have shown that PtCu clusters form alloys as the decrease of the lattice parameter occurs when the Cu atomic content increases. PtBi clusters do not form alloys, but the presence of secondary Bi oxide phases was detected. Scanning transmission electron microscope mapping images revealed that simultaneously adding Bi and Cu to Pt leads to PtCu alloyed clusters decorated with Bi or CuBi species on the surface. The electrochemical results indicated that the shell might be composed of a metastable CuBi phase. Electrochemical measurements have shown that the addition of Bi or Cu to the Pt clusters enhances the catalytic activity for glycerol oxidation by decreasing the oxidation onset potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chamorro-Coral
- Groupe de Recherches sur l'Energétique des Milieux Ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans, CNRS 14 rue d'Issoudun BP6744 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - A Caillard
- Groupe de Recherches sur l'Energétique des Milieux Ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans, CNRS 14 rue d'Issoudun BP6744 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - P Brault
- Groupe de Recherches sur l'Energétique des Milieux Ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans, CNRS 14 rue d'Issoudun BP6744 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - S Baranton
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS 4 rue Michel Brunet TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - C Coutanceau
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS 4 rue Michel Brunet TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
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Gazzarrini E, Rossi K, Baletto F. Born to be different: the formation process of Cu nanoparticles tunes the size trend of the activity for CO 2 to CH 4 conversion. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5857-5867. [PMID: 33720246 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07889a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the impact of the formation process of Cu nanoparticles on the distribution of adsorption sites and hence on their activity. Using molecular dynamics, we model formation pathways characteristic of physical synthesis routes as the annealing of a liquid droplet, the growth proceeding via the addition of single atoms, and the coalescence of individual nanoparticles. Each formation process leads to different and characteristic size-dependent distributions of their adsorption sites, catalogued and monitored on-the-fly by means of a suitable geometrical descriptor. Annealed or coalesced nanoparticles present a rather homogeneous distribution in the kind and relative abundance of non-equivalent adsorption sites. Atom-by-atom grown nanoparticles, instead, exhibit a more marked occurrence of adsorption sites corresponding to adatoms and small islands on (111) and (100) facets. Regardless of the formation process, highly coordinated sites are more likely in larger nanoparticles, while the abundance of low-coordination sites depends on the formation process and on the nanoparticle size. Furthermore, we show how each characteristic distribution of adsorption sites reflects in different size trends for the Cu-nanoparticle activity, taking as an example the electro-reduction of CO2 into CH4. To this end, we employ a multi-scale method and observe that the faceted but highly defected structures obtained during the atom-by-atom growth become more and more active with increasing size, with a mild dependence on the original seed. In contrast, the activity of Cu-nanoparticles obtained by annealing decreases with their size, while coalesced nanoparticles' activity shows a non-monotonic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gazzarrini
- Physics Department, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK.
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9
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Mechanical time-of-flight filter based on slotted disks and helical rotor for measurement of velocities of nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6415. [PMID: 33742023 PMCID: PMC7980000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanical time-of-flight filter intended for measurement of velocities of nanoparticles exiting a gas aggregation source has been developed. Several configurations maximizing simplicity, throughput or resolution are suggested and investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the data measured using such filters may be easily converted to the real velocity distribution with high precision. Furthermore, it is shown that properly designed filters allow for the monitoring of the velocity of nanoparticles even at the conditions with extremely low intensity of the nanoparticle beam.
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Santoro G, Sobrado JM, Tajuelo-Castilla G, Accolla M, Martínez L, Azpeitia J, Lauwaet K, Cernicharo J, Ellis GJ, Martín-Gago JÁ. INFRA-ICE: An ultra-high vacuum experimental station for laboratory astrochemistry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:124101. [PMID: 33379937 PMCID: PMC7116743 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory astrochemistry aims at simulating, in the laboratory, some of the chemical and physical processes that operate in different regions of the universe. Amongst the diverse astrochemical problems that can be addressed in the laboratory, the evolution of cosmic dust grains in different regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) and its role in the formation of new chemical species through catalytic processes present significant interest. In particular, the dark clouds of the ISM dust grains are coated by icy mantles and it is thought that the ice-dust interaction plays a crucial role in the development of the chemical complexity observed in space. Here, we present a new ultra-high vacuum experimental station devoted to simulating the complex conditions of the coldest regions of the ISM. The INFRA-ICE machine can be operated as a standing alone setup or incorporated in a larger experimental station called Stardust, which is dedicated to simulate the formation of cosmic dust in evolved stars. As such, INFRA-ICE expands the capabilities of Stardust allowing the simulation of the complete journey of cosmic dust in space, from its formation in asymptotic giant branch stars to its processing and interaction with icy mantles in molecular clouds. To demonstrate some of the capabilities of INFRA-ICE, we present selected results on the ultraviolet photochemistry of undecane (C11H24) at 14 K. Aliphatics are part of the carbonaceous cosmic dust, and recently, aliphatics and short n-alkanes have been detected in situ in the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Santoro
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús. M. Sobrado
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, INTA-CSIC). Crta. de Torrejón a Ajalvir km4, E-28850, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Tajuelo-Castilla
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Accolla
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Azpeitia
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanociencia. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Cernicharo
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF, CSIC). Group of Molecular Astrophysics. c/ Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary J. Ellis
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP, CSIC). c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martín-Gago
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Košutová T, Horák L, Shelemin A, Vaidulych M, Hanuš J, Biederman H, Kylián O, Solař P, Cieslar M, Choukourov A, Dopita M. Synthesis and microstructure investigation of heterogeneous metal‐plasma polymer Ag/HMDSO nanoparticles. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Košutová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Horák
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Artem Shelemin
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Mykhailo Vaidulych
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hanuš
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Biederman
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kylián
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Solař
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Cieslar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Andrei Choukourov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dopita
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
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12
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Santoro G, Martínez L, Lauwaet K, Accolla M, Tajuelo-Castilla G, Merino P, Sobrado JM, Peláez RJ, Herrero VJ, Tanarro I, Mayoral ÁL, Agúndez M, Sabbah H, Joblin C, Cernicharo J, Martín-Gago JÁ. The Chemistry of Cosmic Dust Analogues from C, C 2, and C 2H 2 in C-Rich Circumstellar Envelopes. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 2020; 895:97. [PMID: 33154601 PMCID: PMC7116318 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab9086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interstellar carbonaceous dust is mainly formed in the innermost regions of circumstellar envelopes around carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. In these highly chemically stratified regions, atomic and diatomic carbon, along with acetylene are the most abundant species after H2 and CO. In a previous study, we addressed the chemistry of carbon (C and C2) with H2 showing that acetylene and aliphatic species form efficiently in the dust formation region of carbon-rich AGBs whereas aromatics do not. Still, acetylene is known to be a key ingredient in the formation of linear polyacetylenic chains, benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as shown by previous experiments. However, these experiments have not considered the chemistry of carbon (C and C2) with C2H2. In this work, by employing a sufficient amount of acetylene, we investigate its gas-phase interaction with atomic and diatomic carbon. We show that the chemistry involved produces linear polyacetylenic chains, benzene and other PAHs, which are observed with high abundances in the early evolutionary phase of planetary nebulae. More importantly, we have found a non-negligible amount of pure and hydrogenated carbon clusters as well as aromatics with aliphatic substitutions, both being a direct consequence of the addition of atomic carbon. The incorporation of alkyl substituents into aromatics can be rationalized by a mechanism involving hydrogen abstraction followed by methyl addition. All the species detected in gas phase are incorporated into the nanometric sized dust analogues, which consist of a complex mixture of sp, sp2 and sp3 hydrocarbons with amorphous morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Santoro
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanociencia. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Accolla
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Tajuelo-Castilla
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Merino
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF. CSIC). Group of Molecular Astrophysics. c/ Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Sobrado
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB. INTA-CSIC). Crta- de Torrejón a Ajalvir km4, 28850, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón J. Peláez
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM.CSIC). Molecular Physics Department. c/Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor J. Herrero
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM.CSIC). Molecular Physics Department. c/Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Tanarro
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM.CSIC). Molecular Physics Department. c/Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Á lvaro Mayoral
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Marcelino Agúndez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF. CSIC). Group of Molecular Astrophysics. c/ Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hassan Sabbah
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES. 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Christine Joblin
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES. 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - José Cernicharo
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF. CSIC). Group of Molecular Astrophysics. c/ Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martín-Gago
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM. CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Magnetron Sputtering of Polymeric Targets: From Thin Films to Heterogeneous Metal/Plasma Polymer Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12152366. [PMID: 31349580 PMCID: PMC6696368 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetron sputtering is a well-known technique that is commonly used for the deposition of thin compact films. However, as was shown in the 1990s, when sputtering is performed at pressures high enough to trigger volume nucleation/condensation of the supersaturated vapor generated by the magnetron, various kinds of nanoparticles may also be produced. This finding gave rise to the rapid development of magnetron-based gas aggregation sources. Such systems were successfully used for the production of single material nanoparticles from metals, metal oxides, and plasma polymers. In addition, the growing interest in multi-component heterogeneous nanoparticles has led to the design of novel systems for the gas-phase synthesis of such nanomaterials, including metal/plasma polymer nanoparticles. In this featured article, we briefly summarized the principles of the basis of gas-phase nanoparticles production and highlighted recent progress made in the field of the fabrication of multi-component nanoparticles. We then introduced a gas aggregation source of plasma polymer nanoparticles that utilized radio frequency magnetron sputtering of a polymeric target with an emphasis on the key features of this kind of source. Finally, we presented and discussed three strategies suitable for the generation of metal/plasma polymer multi-core@shell or core-satellite nanoparticles: the use of composite targets, a multi-magnetron approach, and in-flight coating of plasma polymer nanoparticles by metal.
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14
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Bueno R, Marciello M, Moreno M, Sánchez-Sánchez C, Martinez JI, Martinez L, Prats-Alfonso E, Guimerà-Brunet A, Garrido JA, Villa R, Mompean F, García-Hernandez M, Huttel Y, Morales MD, Briones C, López MF, Ellis GJ, Vázquez L, Martín-Gago JA. Versatile Graphene-Based Platform for Robust Nanobiohybrid Interfaces. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3287-3297. [PMID: 31008418 PMCID: PMC6469579 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Technologically useful and robust graphene-based interfaces for devices require the introduction of highly selective, stable, and covalently bonded functionalities on the graphene surface, whilst essentially retaining the electronic properties of the pristine layer. This work demonstrates that highly controlled, ultrahigh vacuum covalent chemical functionalization of graphene sheets with a thiol-terminated molecule provides a robust and tunable platform for the development of hybrid nanostructures in different environments. We employ this facile strategy to covalently couple two representative systems of broad interest: metal nanoparticles, via S-metal bonds, and thiol-modified DNA aptamers, via disulfide bridges. Both systems, which have been characterized by a multitechnique approach, remain firmly anchored to the graphene surface even after several washing cycles. Atomic force microscopy images demonstrate that the conjugated aptamer retains the functionality required to recognize a target protein. This methodology opens a new route to the integration of high-quality graphene layers into diverse technological platforms, including plasmonics, optoelectronics, or biosensing. With respect to the latter, the viability of a thiol-functionalized chemical vapor deposition graphene-based solution-gated field-effect transistor array was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Bueno
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Nanobiotechnology
for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense
University (UCM), Plaza
Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Moreno
- Laboratory
of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José I. Martinez
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Martinez
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Prats-Alfonso
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona IMB-CNM (CSIC) Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anton Guimerà-Brunet
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona IMB-CNM (CSIC) Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Garrido
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) CSIC and The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Villa
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona IMB-CNM (CSIC) Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Mompean
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar García-Hernandez
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yves Huttel
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María del
Puerto Morales
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Briones
- Laboratory
of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - María F. López
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary J. Ellis
- Polymer
Physics Group, Institute of Polymer Science
and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Martín-Gago
- Materials
Science Factory, Institute of Materials
Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- E-mail:
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15
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Mayoral A, Martínez L, García-Martín JM, Fernández-Martínez I, García-Hernández M, Galiana B, Ballesteros C, Huttel Y. Tuning the size, composition and structure of Au and Co 50Au 50 nanoparticles by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering in gas-phase synthesis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:065606. [PMID: 30523845 PMCID: PMC6908450 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf1fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles with different structural and chemical distribution is reported using a circular magnetron sputtering in an ion cluster source by applying high-power impulses. The influence of the pulse characteristics on the final deposit was evaluated on Au nanoparticles. The results have been compared with the more common direct current approach. In addition, it is shown for the first time that high-power impulses in magnetron based gas aggregation sources allows the growth of binary nanoparticles, CoAu in this case, with a variety of crystalline and chemical arrangements which are analyzed at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mayoral
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I + D, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L Martínez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M García-Martín
- IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC), c/Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - I Fernández-Martínez
- Nano4Energy SLNE, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII-UPM), Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M García-Hernández
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Galiana
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Física, Av. Universidad 30, E-28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ballesteros
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Física, Av. Universidad 30, E-28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Huttel
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Laskin J, Johnson GE, Warneke J, Prabhakaran V. Von isolierten Ionen zu mehrschichtigen funktionellen Materialien durch sanfte Landung von Ionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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17
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Laskin J, Johnson GE, Warneke J, Prabhakaran V. From Isolated Ions to Multilayer Functional Materials Using Ion Soft Landing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16270-16284. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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18
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Palmer RE, Cai R, Vernieres J. Synthesis without Solvents: The Cluster (Nanoparticle) Beam Route to Catalysts and Sensors. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2296-2304. [PMID: 30188111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is hard to predict the future of science. For example, when C60 and its structure were identified from the mass spectra of gas phase carbon clusters, few could have predicted the era of carbon nanotechnology which the discovery introduced. The solubilization and functionalization of C60, the identification and then synthesis of carbon nanotubes, and the generation and physics of graphene have made a scale of impact on the international R&D (and to some extent industrial) landscape which could not have been foreseen. Technology emerged from a search for molecules of astrochemical interest in the interstellar gas. This little sketch provides the authors with the confidence to present here a status report on progress toward another radical future-the synthesis of nanoparticles (typically metals) on an industrial scale without solvents and consequently effluents, without salts and their sometimes accompanying toxicity, with minimal prospects for unwanted nanoparticle escape into the environment, with a high degree of precision in the control of the size, shape and composition of the nanoparticles produced and with applications from catalysts and sensors to photonics, electronics and theranostics. In fact, our story begins in exactly the same place as the origin of the nanocarbon era-the generation and mass selection of free atomic clusters in a vacuum chamber. The steps along the path so far include deposition of such beams of clusters onto surfaces in vacuum, elucidation of the key elements of the cluster-surface interaction, and demonstrations of the potential applications of deposited clusters. The principal present challenges, formidable but solvable, are the necessary scale-up of cluster beam deposition from the nanogram to the gram scale and beyond, and the processing and integration of the nanoclusters into appropriate functional architectures, such as powders for heterogeneous catalysis, i.e., the formulation engineering problem. The research which is addressing these challenges is illustrated in this Account by examples of cluster production (on the traditional nanogram scale), emphasizing self-selection of size, controlled generation of nonspherical shapes, and nonspherical binary nanoparticles; by the scale-up of cluster beam production by orders of magnitude with the magnetron sputtering, gas condensation cluster source, and especially the Matrix Assembly Cluster Source (MACS); and by promising demonstrations of deposited clusters in gas sensing and in heterogeneous catalysis (this on the gram scale) in relevant environments (both liquid and vapor phases). The impact on manufacturing engineering of the new paradigm described here is undoubtedly radical; the prospects for economic success are, as usual, full of uncertainties. Let the readers form their own judgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Palmer
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Rongsheng Cai
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Vernieres
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
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19
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Huttel Y, Martínez L, Mayoral A, Fernández I. Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles: present status and perspectives. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2018; 8:947-954. [PMID: 30298115 PMCID: PMC6173303 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2018.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the generation of well-defined nanoparticles (NPs) not only because of their size-related particular properties, but also because they are promising building blocks for more complex materials in nanotechnology. Here, we will shortly introduce the gas phase synthesis technology that has evolved rapidly in the last years and allows the fabrication of complex NPs with controllable and tuneable chemical composition and structure while keeping very good control over the size distribution. We will also address some limitations of the technology (stability over time, production yield…) and discuss possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huttel
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Mayoral
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - I Fernández
- Nano4Energy SLNE, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII-UPM), Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Lu Y, Yang S, Xu J, Liu Z, Wang H, Lin M, Wang Y, Chen H. Twisting Ultrathin Au Nanowires into Double Helices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801925. [PMID: 30063294 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, double helix nanowire was reported by coating Pd/Pt/Au onto Au-Ag alloy nanowire. Here, straight oleylamine-stabilized ultrathin Au nanowires with single crystalline fcc lattice are surprisingly converted into double helix helices upon reacting with Ag in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The obtained Au-Ag helical nanowires contain lattice distinctively different from the fcc lattice and are different in many aspects with the previous system. The discovery may expand the scope of nanoscale double helix formation and the understanding of lattice transformation among ultrafine nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Shenghao Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- Research Institute of Taizhou, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, 117602, Singapore
| | - Yawen Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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21
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Roy N, Suzuki N, Nakabayashi Y, Hirano Y, Ikari H, Katsumata K, Nakata K, Fujishima A, Terashima C. Facile Deposition of Cu−SnO
x
Hybrid Nanostructures on Lightly Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes for CO
2
Reduction. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Roy
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nakabayashi
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yuiri Hirano
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikari
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Ken‐ichi Katsumata
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakata
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Akira Fujishima
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Chiaki Terashima
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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22
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Precisely controlled fabrication, manipulation and in-situ analysis of Cu based nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7250. [PMID: 29740027 PMCID: PMC5940906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for nanostructured materials is mainly motivated by their key role in a wide variety of technologically relevant fields such as biomedicine, green sustainable energy or catalysis. We have succeeded to scale-up a type of gas aggregation source, called a multiple ion cluster source, for the generation of complex, ultra-pure nanoparticles made of different materials. The high production rates achieved (tens of g/day) for this kind of gas aggregation sources, and the inherent ability to control the structure of the nanoparticles in a controlled environment, make this equipment appealing for industrial purposes, a highly coveted aspect since the introduction of this type of sources. Furthermore, our innovative UHV experimental station also includes in-flight manipulation and processing capabilities by annealing, acceleration, or interaction with background gases along with in-situ characterization of the clusters and nanoparticles fabricated. As an example to demonstrate some of the capabilities of this new equipment, herein we present the fabrication of copper nanoparticles and their processing, including the controlled oxidation (from Cu0 to CuO through Cu2O, and their mixtures) at different stages in the machine.
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23
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Halder A, Curtiss LA, Fortunelli A, Vajda S. Perspective: Size selected clusters for catalysis and electrochemistry. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:110901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Halder
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Larry A. Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Stefan Vajda
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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24
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Martínez L, Mayoral A, Espiñeira M, Roman E, Palomares FJ, Huttel Y. Core@shell, Au@TiO x nanoparticles by gas phase synthesis. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6463-6470. [PMID: 28466930 PMCID: PMC5509011 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01148b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, gas phase synthesis and characterization of multifunctional core@shell, Au@TiOx nanoparticles have been reported. The nanoparticles were produced via a one-step process using a multiple-ion cluster source under a controlled environment that guaranteed the purity of the nanoparticles. The growth of the Au cores (6 nm diameter) is stopped when they pass through the Ti plasma where they are covered by an ultra-thin (1 nm thick) and homogeneous titanium shell that is oxidized in-flight before the soft-landing of the nanoparticles. The Au cores were found to be highly crystalline with icosahedral (44%) and decahedral (66%) structures, whereas the shell, mainly composed of TiO2 (79%), was not ordered. The highly electrical insulating behaviour of the titanium oxide shell was confirmed by the charging effect produced during X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Choukourov A, Kylián O, Petr M, Vaidulych M, Nikitin D, Hanuš J, Artemenko A, Shelemin A, Gordeev I, Kolská Z, Solař P, Khalakhan I, Ryabov A, Májek J, Slavínská D, Biederman H. RMS roughness-independent tuning of surface wettability by tailoring silver nanoparticles with a fluorocarbon plasma polymer. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2616-2625. [PMID: 28155944 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A layer of 14 nm-sized Ag nanoparticles undergoes complex transformation when overcoated by thin films of a fluorocarbon plasma polymer. Two regimes of surface evolution are identified, both with invariable RMS roughness. In the early regime, the plasma polymer penetrates between and beneath the nanoparticles, raising them above the substrate and maintaining the multivalued character of the surface roughness. The growth (β) and the dynamic (1/z) exponents are close to zero and the interface bears the features of self-affinity. The presence of inter-particle voids leads to heterogeneous wetting with an apparent water contact angle θa = 135°. The multivalued nanotopography results in two possible positions for the water droplet meniscus, yet strong water adhesion indicates that the meniscus is located at the lower part of the spherical nanofeatures. In the late regime, the inter-particle voids become filled and the interface acquires a single valued character. The plasma polymer proceeds to grow on the thus-roughened surface whereas the nanoparticles keep emerging away from the substrate. The RMS roughness remains invariable and lateral correlations propagate with 1/z = 0.27. The surface features multiaffinity which is given by different evolution of length scales associated with the nanoparticles and with the plasma polymer. The wettability turns to the homogeneous wetting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Choukourov
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - O Kylián
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - M Petr
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - M Vaidulych
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - D Nikitin
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - J Hanuš
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - A Artemenko
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Shelemin
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - I Gordeev
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Kolská
- J. E. Purkyne University, Faculty of Science, České mládeže 8, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - P Solař
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - I Khalakhan
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Ryabov
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - J Májek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - D Slavínská
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - H Biederman
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Johnson GE, Moser T, Engelhard M, Browning ND, Laskin J. Fabrication of electrocatalytic Ta nanoparticles by reactive sputtering and ion soft landing. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:174701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Trevor Moser
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - Mark Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Johnson GE, Laskin J. Understanding ligand effects in gold clusters using mass spectrometry. Analyst 2016; 141:3573-89. [PMID: 27221357 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00263c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent research on the influence of phosphine ligands on the size, stability, and reactivity of gold clusters synthesized in solution. Sub-nanometer clusters exhibit size- and composition-dependent properties that are unique from those of larger nanoparticles. The highly tunable properties of clusters and their high surface-to-volume ratio make them promising candidates for a variety of technological applications. However, because "each-atom-counts" toward defining cluster properties it is critically important to develop robust synthesis methods to efficiently prepare clusters of predetermined size. For decades phosphines have been known to direct the size-selected synthesis of gold clusters. Despite the preparation of numerous species it is still not understood how different functional groups at phosphine centers affect the size and properties of gold clusters. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) it is possible to characterize the effect of ligand substitution on the distribution of clusters formed in solution at defined reaction conditions. In addition, ligand exchange reactions on preformed clusters may be monitored using ESI-MS. Collision induced dissociation (CID) may also be employed to obtain qualitative insight into the fragmentation of mixed ligand clusters and the relative binding energies of differently substituted phosphines. Quantitative ligand binding energies and cluster stability may be determined employing surface induced dissociation (SID) in a custom-built Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS). Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) based modeling of the SID data allows dissociation energies and entropy values to be extracted. The charge reduction and reactivity of atomically precise gold clusters, including partially ligated species generated in the gas-phase by in source CID, on well-defined surfaces may be explored using ion soft landing (SL) in a custom-built instrument combined with in situ time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Jointly, this multipronged experimental approach allows characterization of the full spectrum of relevant phenomena including cluster synthesis, ligand exchange, thermochemistry, surface immobilization, and reactivity. The fundamental insights obtained from this work will facilitate the directed synthesis of gold clusters with predetermined size and properties for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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28
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Grammatikopoulos P, Kioseoglou J, Galea A, Vernieres J, Benelmekki M, Diaz RE, Sowwan M. Kinetic trapping through coalescence and the formation of patterned Ag-Cu nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9780-90. [PMID: 27119383 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08256k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, due to its inherent flexibility, magnetron-sputtering has been widely used to synthesise bi-metallic nanoparticles (NPs) via subsequent inert-gas cooling and gas-phase condensation of the sputtered atomic vapour. Utilising two separate sputter targets allows for good control over composition. Simultaneously, it involves fast kinetics and non-equilibrium processes, which can trap the nascent NPs into metastable configurations. In this study, we observed such configurations in immiscible, bi-metallic Ag-Cu NPs by scanning transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and noticed a marked difference in the shape of NPs belonging to Ag- and Cu-rich samples. We explained the formation of Janus or Ag@Cu core/shell metastable structures on the grounds of in-flight mixed NP coalescence. We utilised molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) computer simulations to demonstrate that such configurations cannot occur as a result of nanoalloy segregation. Instead, sintering at relatively low temperatures can give rise to metastable structures, which eventually can be stabilised by subsequent quenching. Furthermore, we compared the heteroepitaxial diffusivities along various surfaces of both Ag and Cu NPs, and emphasised the differences between the sintering mechanisms of Ag- and Cu-rich NP compositions: small Cu NPs deform as coherent objects on large Ag NPs, whereas small Ag NPs dissolve into large Cu NPs, with their atoms diffusing along specific directions. Taking advantage of this observation, we propose controlled NP coalescence as a method to engineer mixed NPs of a unique, patterned core@partial-shell structure, which we refer to as a "glass-float" (ukidama) structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Grammatikopoulos
- Nanoparticles by Design Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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29
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Pearmain D, Park SJ, Abdela A, Palmer RE, Li ZY. The size-dependent morphology of Pd nanoclusters formed by gas condensation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19647-52. [PMID: 26549633 PMCID: PMC4653755 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06473b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Size-selected Pd nanoclusters in the size range from 887 to 10,000 atoms were synthesized in a magnetron sputtering, inert gas condensation cluster beam source equipped with a time of flight mass filter. Their morphologies were investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and shown to be strongly size-dependent. The larger clusters exhibited elongated structures, which we attribute to the aggregation, through multiple collisions, of smaller clusters during the gas phase condensation process. This was confirmed from the atomically resolved STEM images of the Pd nanoclusters, which showed smaller primary clusters with their own crystalline structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Pearmain
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory , School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston B15 2TT , UK .
| | - S. J. Park
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory , School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston B15 2TT , UK .
| | - A. Abdela
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory , School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston B15 2TT , UK .
| | - R. E. Palmer
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory , School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston B15 2TT , UK .
| | - Z. Y. Li
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory , School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston B15 2TT , UK .
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30
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Johnson GE, Colby R, Engelhard M, Moon D, Laskin J. Soft landing of bare PtRu nanoparticles for electrochemical reduction of oxygen. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12379-91. [PMID: 26148814 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03154k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetron sputtering of two independent Pt and Ru targets coupled with inert gas aggregation in a modified commercial source has been combined with soft landing of mass-selected ions to prepare bare 4.5 nm diameter PtRu nanoparticles on glassy carbon electrodes with controlled size and morphology for electrochemical reduction of oxygen in solution. Employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) it is shown that the nanoparticles bind randomly to the glassy carbon electrode at a relatively low coverage of 7 × 10(4) ions μm(-2) and that their average height is centered at 4.5 nm. Scanning transmission electron microscopy images obtained in the high-angle annular dark field mode (HAADF-STEM) further confirm that the soft-landed PtRu nanoparticles are uniform in size. Wide-area scans of the electrodes using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal the presence of both Pt and Ru in atomic concentrations of ∼9% and ∼33%, respectively. Deconvolution of the high energy resolution XPS spectra in the Pt 4f and Ru 3d regions indicates the presence of both oxidized Pt and Ru. The substantially higher loading of Ru compared to Pt and enrichment of Pt at the surface of the nanoparticles is confirmed by wide-area analysis of the electrodes using time-of-flight medium energy ion scattering (TOF-MEIS) employing both 80 keV He(+) and O(+) ions. The activity of electrodes containing 7 × 10(4) ions μm(-2) of bare 4.5 nm PtRu nanoparticles toward the electrochemical reduction of oxygen was evaluated employing cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M HClO4 and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions. In both electrolytes a pronounced reduction peak was observed during O2 purging of the solution that was not evident during purging with Ar. Repeated electrochemical cycling of the electrodes revealed little evolution in the shape or position of the voltammograms indicating high stability of the nanoparticles supported on glassy carbon. The reproducibility of the nanoparticle synthesis and deposition was evaluated by employing the same experimental parameters to prepare nanoparticles on glassy carbon electrodes on three occasions separated by several days. Surfaces with almost identical electrochemical behavior were observed with CV, demonstrating the highly reproducible preparation of bare nanoparticles using physical synthesis in the gas-phase combined with soft landing of mass-selected ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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31
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Mayoral A, Llamosa D, Huttel Y. A novel Co@Au structure formed in bimetallic core@shell nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8442-5. [PMID: 25719945 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00774g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Core@shell Co@Au nanoparticles of around 8 nm have been produced by the inert gas condensation method, revealing for the first time that most of the nanoparticles exhibit an icosahedral shape in agreement with the theoretical prediction. Additionally, we report the existence of a novel morphology which consists of a Co icosahedron surrounded by fcc Au facets, reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mayoral
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I+D, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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32
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Johnson GE, Colby R, Laskin J. Soft landing of bare nanoparticles with controlled size, composition, and morphology. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3491-3503. [PMID: 25626391 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical synthesis employing magnetron sputtering and gas aggregation in a modified commercial source has been coupled with size-selection and ion soft landing to prepare bare nanoparticles on surfaces with controlled coverage, size, composition, and morphology. Employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is demonstrated that the size and coverage of nanoparticles on flat and stepped surfaces may be controlled using a quadrupole mass filter and the length of deposition, respectively. AFM shows that nanoparticles bind randomly to flat surfaces when soft landed at relatively low coverage (4 × 10(4) ions μm(-2)). On stepped surfaces at intermediate coverage (4 × 10(5) ions μm(-2)) nanoparticles bind along step edges forming extended linear chains. At the highest coverage (2 × 10(6) ions μm(-2)) nanoparticles form a continuous film on flat surfaces. On one surface with sizable defects, the presence of localized imperfections results in agglomeration of nanoparticles onto these features and formation of neighboring zones devoid of particles. Employing high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) the customized magnetron sputtering/gas aggregation source is demonstrated to produce bare single metal particles with controlled morphology as well as bimetallic alloy nanoparticles with defined core-shell structures of that are of interest to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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33
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Gopalakrishnan R, Loganathan B, Raghu K. Green synthesis of Au–Ag bimetallic nanocomposites using Silybum marianum seed extract and their application as a catalyst. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03571f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An eco-friendly and non-toxic method for the synthesis of Au–Ag bimetallic nanocomposites has been carried out successfully. Silybum marianum seed extract plays an important role in the reduction and stabilization of the Au–Ag bimetallic nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K. Raghu
- Department of Physics
- Annamalai University
- India
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34
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Llamosa D, Ruano M, Martínez L, Mayoral A, Roman E, García-Hernández M, Huttel Y. The ultimate step towards a tailored engineering of core@shell and core@shell@shell nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13483-6. [PMID: 25180699 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Complex core@shell and core@shell@shell nanoparticles are systems that combine the functionalities of the inner core and outer shell materials together with new physico-chemical properties originated by their low (nano) dimensionality. Such nanoparticles are of prime importance in the fast growing field of nanotechnology as building blocks for more sophisticated systems and a plethora of applications. Here, it is shown that although conceptually simple a modified gas aggregation approach allows the one-step generation of well-controlled complex nanoparticles. In particular, it is demonstrated that the atoms of the core and the shell of the nanoparticles can be easily inverted, avoiding intrinsic constraints of chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Llamosa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Sarkar S, Balisetty L, Shanbogh PP, Peter SC. Effect of ordered and disordered phases of unsupported Ag3In nanoparticles on the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Hormeño S, Penedo M, Manzano CV, Luna M. Gold nanoparticle coated silicon tips for Kelvin probe force microscopy in air. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:395701. [PMID: 24008394 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/39/395701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The tip apex dimensions and geometry of the conductive probe remain the major limitation to the resolution of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). One of the possible strategies to improve the spatial resolution of surface potential images consists in the development of thinner and more durable conductive tips. In an effort to improve the lateral resolution of topography and surface potential maps, we have evaluated high aspect ratio conductive tips created by depositing gold nanoparticles on standard silicon tips. Besides the already known general topographic resolution enhancement offered by these modified tips, an improvement of surface potential lateral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio is reported here for a variety of samples as compared to other regular conductive probes. We have also observed that the modified conductive tips have a significant auto-regeneration capability, which stems from a certain level of mobility of the nanoparticle coating. This property makes the modified tips highly resistant to degradation during scanning, thus increasing their durability. As demonstrated by the heterogeneous set of structures measured in the present study performed in air, the nanoparticle coated tips are suitable for KPFM analysis. In particular, surface potential difference determination on graphene deposited on silicon, gold sputtered on a salt surface, large and mildly rough areas of ZnO films and small DNA molecules on insulating mica have been achieved with enhanced resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Hormeño
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Baer DR, Engelhard MH, Johnson GE, Laskin J, Lai J, Mueller K, Munusamy P, Thevuthasan S, Wang H, Washton N, Elder A, Baisch BL, Karakoti A, Kuchibhatla SVNT, Moon D. Surface characterization of nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Important needs and challenging opportunities. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. A, VACUUM, SURFACES, AND FILMS : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOCIETY 2013; 31:50820. [PMID: 24482557 PMCID: PMC3869349 DOI: 10.1116/1.4818423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This review examines characterization challenges inherently associated with understanding nanomaterials and the roles surface and interface characterization methods can play in meeting some of the challenges. In parts of the research community, there is growing recognition that studies and published reports on the properties and behaviors of nanomaterials often have reported inadequate or incomplete characterization. As a consequence, the true value of the data in these reports is, at best, uncertain. With the increasing importance of nanomaterials in fundamental research and technological applications, it is desirable that researchers from the wide variety of disciplines involved recognize the nature of these often unexpected challenges associated with reproducible synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials, including the difficulties of maintaining desired materials properties during handling and processing due to their dynamic nature. It is equally valuable for researchers to understand how characterization approaches (surface and otherwise) can help to minimize synthesis surprises and to determine how (and how quickly) materials and properties change in different environments. Appropriate application of traditional surface sensitive analysis methods (including x-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopies, scanning probe microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy) can provide information that helps address several of the analysis needs. In many circumstances, extensions of traditional data analysis can provide considerably more information than normally obtained from the data collected. Less common or evolving methods with surface selectivity (e.g., some variations of nuclear magnetic resonance, sum frequency generation, and low and medium energy ion scattering) can provide information about surfaces or interfaces in working environments (operando or in situ) or information not provided by more traditional methods. Although these methods may require instrumentation or expertise not generally available, they can be particularly useful in addressing specific questions, and examples of their use in nanomaterial research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Baer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Jinfeng Lai
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Karl Mueller
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Prabhakaran Munusamy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | | | - Hongfei Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Nancy Washton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Alison Elder
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Brittany L Baisch
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Ajay Karakoti
- Battelle Science and Technology India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Daewon Moon
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daeju, Korea
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38
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Ruano M, Díaz M, Martínez L, Navarro E, Román E, García-Hernandez M, Espinosa A, Ballesteros C, Fermento R, Huttel Y. Matrix and interaction effects on the magnetic properties of Co nanoparticles embedded in gold and vanadium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:316-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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