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Yao Y, Catalini S, Foggi P, Mezzenga R. Water-lipid interface in lipidic mesophases with excess water. Faraday Discuss 2024; 249:469-484. [PMID: 37786338 PMCID: PMC10845009 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of excess water on the lipidic mesophase during the phase transition from diamond cubic phase (Pn3̄m) to reverse hexagonal phase (HII). Using a combination of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques, we explore the dynamics of lipids and their interaction with water during phase transition. Our BDS results reveal three relaxation processes originating from lipids, all of which exhibit a kink during the phase transition. With the excess water, these processes accelerate due to the plasticizing effect of water. Additionally, our results demonstrate that the headgroups in the HII phase are more densely packed than those in the Pn3̄m phase, which agrees with the FTIR results. Meanwhile, we investigate the influence of excess water on the lipid headgroups, the H-bond network of water, the lipid tail, and the interface carbonyl group between the head and tail of the lipid molecule. The results indicate that excess water permeates the lipid interface and forms additional hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl groups. As a result, the headgroups are more flexible in a lipidic mesophase with excess water than those in mesophases without excess water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Sara Catalini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Department of Physic and Geology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- CNR-INO, National Research Council-National Institute of Optics, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Foggi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Florence, Italy
- CNR-INO, National Research Council-National Institute of Optics, 50125 Florence, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Surmeier G, Paulus M, Schneider E, Dogan S, Tolan M, Nase J. A pressure-jump study on the interaction of osmolytes and crowders with cubic monoolein structures. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:990-998. [PMID: 35015016 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many vital processes that take place in biological cells involve remodeling of lipid membranes. These processes take place in a milieu that is packed with various solutes, ranging from ions and small organic osmolytes to proteins and other macromolecules, occupying about 30% of the available volume. In this work, we investigated how molecular crowding, simulated with the polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the osmolytes urea and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) affect the equilibration of cubic monoolein structures after a phase transition from a lamellar state induced by an abrupt pressure reduction. In absence of additives, swollen cubic crystallites form after the transition, releasing excess water over several hours. This process is reflected in a decreasing lattice constant and was monitored with small angle X-ray scattering. We found that the osmotic pressure exerted by PEG and TMAO, which are displaced from narrow inter-bilayer spaces, accelerates the equilibration. When the radius of gyration of the added PEG was smaller than the radius of the water channels of the cubic phase, the effect became more pronounced with increasing molecular weight of the polymers. As the release of hydration water from the cubic structures is accompanied by an increasing membrane curvature and a reduction of the interface between lipids and aqueous phase, urea, which has a slight affinity to reside near membrane surfaces, stabilized the swollen crystallites and slowed down the equilibration dynamics. Our results support the view that cellular solutes are important contributors to dynamic membrane processes, as they can accelerate dehydration of inter-bilayer spaces and promote or counteract membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Surmeier
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Michael Paulus
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Eric Schneider
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Susanne Dogan
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Metin Tolan
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Julia Nase
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
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3
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Bala R, Sindhu RK, Kaundle B, Madaan R, Cavalu S. The prospective of liquid crystals in nano formulations for drug delivery systems. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Goto M, Kazama A, Fukuhara K, Sato H, Tamai N, Ito HO, Matsuki H. Membrane fusion of phospholipid bilayers under high pressure: Spherical and irreversible growth of giant vesicles. Biophys Chem 2021; 277:106639. [PMID: 34171580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion of giant vesicles (GVs) for binary bilayers of unsaturated phospholipids, dioleoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DOPE) having an ability to promote membrane fusion, and its homolog dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) having an ability to form GV, was investigated under atmospheric and high pressure. While DOPC formed GVs in the presence of inorganic salts with a multivalent metal ion under atmospheric pressure, an equimolar mixture of DOPE and DOPC formed GVs both in the absence and the presence of LaCl3. We examined the change in size and shape of the GVs of this binary mixture in the absence and presence of LaCl3 as a function of time under atmospheric and high pressure. The size and shape of the GVs in the absence of LaCl3 under atmospheric and high pressure and those in the presence of LaCl3 under atmospheric pressure hardly changed with time. By contrast, the GV in the presence of LaCl3 under high pressure gradually changed in the size and shape with time on a time scale of several hours. Namely, the GV became larger than the original GV due to accelerated membrane fusion and its shape became more spherical. This pressure-induced membrane fusion was completely irreversible, and the growth rate was correlated with the applied pressure. The reason for the GV growth by applying pressure was considered on the basis of thermodynamic phase diagrams. We concluded that the growth is attributable to a closer packing of lipid molecules in the bilayer resulting from their preference of smaller volumes under high pressure. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of the pressure-induced membrane fusion was explored by observing the fusion of two GVs with almost the same size. From their morphological changes, we revealed that the fusion is caused by the actions of Laplace and osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Goto
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Akira Kazama
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukuhara
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Honami Sato
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Nobutake Tamai
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Hiro-O Ito
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-8-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsuki
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
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Terrill NJ, Dent AJ, Dobson B, Beale AM, Allen L, Bras W. Past, present and future-sample environments for materials research studies in scattering and spectroscopy; a UK perspective. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:483002. [PMID: 34479225 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small angle x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption fine structure are two techniques that have been employed at synchrotron sources ever since their inception. Over the course of the development of the techniques, the introduction of sample environments for added value experiments has grown dramatically. This article reviews past successes, current developments and an exploration of future possibilities for these two x-ray techniques with an emphasis on the developments in the United Kingdom between 1980-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Dent
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Dobson
- Sagentia Ltd, Harston Mill, Harston Mill, CB22 7GG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Bras
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, One Bethel Valley Road TN 37831, United States of America
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Zhao M, Li X, Cho J. Pressure Effects on Self-Assembly in Mixtures Containing Zwitterionic Amphiphiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3882-3896. [PMID: 33754727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the responses of self-assembly in mixtures containing zwitterionic amphiphilic chains to high pressure, we introduce a self-consistent field theory in combination with a molecular equation-of-state model for them in a primitive way. The free energy density for those in the bulk state is first formulated. Its locally equilibrated excess part is then incorporated into Edwards Hamiltonian along with the electrostatic energy contributions to elicit the saddle point approximation to the partition function with proper self-consistent field equations. It is shown that charge-charge correlations enhance self-assembling tendency for the amphiphiles with the opposite charges on one component side, as the medium dielectric constant εr decreases. Those with the opposite charges at the two chain ends respond in a more complicated way to εr. Densification by applied pressure strengthens the self-assembly for both at a moderate εr, similar to typical phospholipids, but pressure effects are strongly dependent on the position of charges along the chains at a lower εr. It is argued that the manipulation of the dielectric environment and disparity in component dispersion interactions can yield useful materials exhibiting various types of baroresponsivity or thermoresponsivity with re-entrant self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingge Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Korea
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Korea
| | - Junhan Cho
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Korea
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7
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Fox LJ, Matthews L, Stockdale H, Pichai S, Snow T, Richardson RM, Briscoe WH. Structural changes in lipid mesophases due to intercalation of dendritic polymer nanoparticles: Swollen lamellae, suppressed curvature, and augmented structural disorder. Acta Biomater 2020; 104:198-209. [PMID: 31904557 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding interactions between nanoparticles and model membranes is relevant to functional nano-composites and the fundamentals of nanotoxicity. In this study, the effect of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers as model nanoparticles (NP) on the mesophase behaviour of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) has been investigated using high-pressure small-angle X-ray scattering (HP-SAXS). The pressure-temperature (p-T) diagrams for POPE mesophases in excess water were obtained in the absence and presence of G2 and G4 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (29 Å and 45 Å in diameter, respectively) at varying NP-lipid number ratio (ν = 0.0002-0.02) over the pressure range p = 1-3000 bar and temperature range T = 20-80 °C. The p-T phase diagram of POPE exhibited the Lβ, Lα and HII phases. Complete analysis of the phase diagrams, including the relative area pervaded by different phases, phase transition temperatures (Tt) and pressures (pt), the lattice parameters (d-spacing), the pressure-dependence of d-spacing (Δd/Δp), and the structural ordering in the mesophase as gauged by the Scherrer coherence length (L) permitted insights into the size- and concentration-dependent interactions between the dendrimers and the model membrane system. The addition of dendrimers changed the phase transition pressure and temperature and resulted in the emergence of highly swollen lamellar phases, dubbed Lβ-den and Lα-den. G4 PAMAM dendrimers at the highest concentration ν = 0.02 suppressed the formation of the HII phase within the temperature range studied, whereas the addition of G2 PAMAM dendrimers at the same concentration promoted an extended mixed lamellar region in which Lα and Lβ phases coexisted. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Using high pressure small angle X-ray scattering in the pressure range 1-3000 bar and temperature range 20-60 °C, we have studied interactions between PAMAM dendrimers (as model nanoparticles) and POPE lipid mesophases (as model membranes). We report the pressure-temperature phase diagrams for the dendrimer-lipid mesophases for the first time. We find that the dendrimers alter the phase transition temperatures (Tt) and pressures (pt), the lattice parameters (d-spacing), and the structural order in the mesophase. We interpret these unprecedented results in terms of the fluidity of the lipid membranes and the interactions between the dendrimers and the membranes. Our findings are of fundamental relevance to the field of nanotoxicity and functional nanomaterials that integrate nanoparticles and organized lipid structures.
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8
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Astolfi P, Giorgini E, Adamo FC, Vita F, Logrippo S, Francescangeli O, Pisani M. Effects of a cationic surfactant incorporation in phytantriol bulk cubic phases and dispersions loaded with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Tran N, Zhai J, Conn CE, Mulet X, Waddington LJ, Drummond CJ. Direct Visualization of the Structural Transformation between the Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Lamellar and Bicontinuous Cubic Mesophase. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3397-3402. [PMID: 29809009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition between the lyotropic liquid crystalline lamellar and the bicontinuous cubic mesophase drives multiple fundamental cellular processes involving changes in cell membrane topology, including endocytosis and membrane budding. While several theoretical models have been proposed to explain this dynamic transformation, experimental validation of these models has been challenging because of the short-lived nature of the intermediates present during the phase transition. Herein, we report the direct observation of a lamellar-to-bicontinuous cubic phase transition in nanoscale dispersions using a combination of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and static small-angle X-ray scattering. The results represent the first experimental confirmation of a theoretical model which proposed that the bicontinuous cubic phase originates from the center of a lamellar vesicle then propagates outward via the formation of interlamellar attachments and stalks. The observation was possible because of the precise control of the lipid composition to place the dispersion systems at the phase boundary of a lamellar and a cubic phase, allowing for the creation of long-lived structural intermediates. By the surveying of the nanoparticles using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, a complete phase transition sequence was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhiem Tran
- School of Science , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Jiali Zhai
- School of Science , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Charlotte E Conn
- School of Science , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | - Xavier Mulet
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | | | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
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10
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Levin A, Jeworrek C, Winter R, Weise K, Czeslik C. Lipid Phase Control and Secondary Structure of Viral Fusion Peptides Anchored in Monoolein Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8492-8502. [PMID: 28829131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fusion of lipid membranes involves major changes of the membrane curvatures and is mediated by fusion proteins that bind to the lipid membranes. For a better understanding of the way fusion proteins steer this process, we have studied the interaction of two different viral fusion peptides, HA2-FP and TBEV-FP, with monoolein mesophases as a function of temperature and pressure at limited hydration. The fusion peptides are derived from the influenza virus hemagglutinin fusion protein (HA2-FP) and from the tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope glycoprotein E (TBEV-FP). By using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, the changes of the monoolein phase behavior upon binding the peptides have been determined and the concomitant secondary structures of the peptides have been analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. As main results we have found that the fusion peptides interact differently with monoolein and change the pressure and temperature dependent lipid phase behavior to different extents. However, they both destabilize the fluid lamellar phase and favor phases with negative curvature, i.e. inverse bicontinuous cubic and inverse hexagonal phases. These peptide-induced phase changes can partially be reversed by the application of high pressure, demonstrating that the promotion of negative curvature is achieved by a less dense packing of the monoolein membranes by the fusion peptides. Pressure jumps across the cubic-lamellar phase transition reveal that HA2-FP has a negligible effect on the rates of the cubic and the lamellar phase formation. Interestingly, the secondary structures of the fusion peptides appear unaffected by monoolein fluid-fluid phase transitions, suggesting that the fusion peptides are the structure dominant species in the fusion process of lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Levin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Jeworrek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Weise
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Claus Czeslik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Brasnett C, Longstaff G, Compton L, Seddon A. Effects of Cations on the Behaviour of Lipid Cubic Phases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8229. [PMID: 28811541 PMCID: PMC5557815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inverse bicontinuous cubic structures formed by lipids have been demonstrated in a wide variety of applications, from a host matrix for proteins for crystallisation, to templates for nanoscale structures. Recent work has focused on tuning their properties to realize such applications, often by manipulating the structure by introducing other lipids with different properties such as charge or packing. However, they are often prepared in the presence of solutions containing salt, counteracting the effects, for example, charged lipids, and fundamentally changing the structures obtained. Here, we demonstrate the delicate interplay between electrostatic swelling in bicontinuous structures formed by monoolein (MO) doped with both negatively charged dioleyl phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), and zwitterionic dioleyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), with the addition of mono- and divalent salts. The effect of adding salt to the charged phase changes the structure from the primitive cubic (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\bf{Q}}}_{II}^{P}$$\end{document}QIIP) to the double diamond phase (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\bf{Q}}}_{II}^{D}$$\end{document}QIID) whilst still allowing for modest increases in lattice parameter of up to a nanometer. Contrasting this, the addition of salts to the non-charged phase, has minimal effect on the lattice parameter but now the transition from the (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\bf{Q}}}_{II}^{D}$$\end{document}QIID) to the inverse hexagonal phase (HII) is observed occurring at higher mole fractions of DOPE than in pure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brasnett
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Georgia Longstaff
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Laura Compton
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Annela Seddon
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK. .,Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK.
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Abstract
Liquid crystals have been recently studied as novel drug delivery system. The reason behind this is their similarity to colloidal systems in living organisms. They have proven to be advantageous over Traditional, Dermal, Parentral and Oral Dosage forms. Liquid crystals are thermodynamically stable and possess long shelf life. Liquid crystals show bio adhesive properties and sustained release effects. Objective of this book chapter is to provide in-depth information of Pharmaceutical crystal technology. It shall deal with cubic and hexagonal liquid crystal and their applications in Drug delivery system.
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Kulkarni CV, Yaghmur A, Steinhart M, Kriechbaum M, Rappolt M. Effects of High Pressure on Internally Self-Assembled Lipid Nanoparticles: A Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11907-11917. [PMID: 27782407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present the first report on the effects of hydrostatic pressure on colloidally stabilized lipid nanoparticles enveloping inverse nonlamellar self-assemblies in their interiors. These internal self-assemblies were systematically tuned into bicontinuous cubic (Pn3m and Im3m), micellar cubic (Fd3m), hexagonal (H2), and inverse micellar (L2) phases by regulating the lipid/oil ratio as the hydrostatic pressure was varied from atmospheric pressure to 1200 bar and back to atmospheric pressure. The effects of pressure on these lipid nanoparticles were compared with those on their equilibrium bulk, nondispersed counterparts, namely, inverse nonlamellar liquid-crystalline phases and micellar solutions under excess-water conditions, using the synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. In the applied pressure range, induced phase transitions were observed solely in fully hydrated bulk samples, whereas the internal self-assemblies of the corresponding lipid nanoparticles displayed only pressure-modulated single phases. Interestingly, both the lattice parameters and the linear pressure expansion coefficients were larger for the self-assemblies enveloped inside the lipid nanoparticles as compared to the bulk states. This behavior can, in part, be attributed to enhanced lipid layer undulations in the lipid particles in addition to induced swelling effects in the presence of the triblock copolymer F127. The bicontinuous cubic phases both in the bulk state and inside lipid cubosome nanoparticles swell on compression, even as both keep swelling further upon decompression at relatively high pressures before shrinking again at ambient pressures. The pressure dependence of the phases is also modulated by the concentration of the solubilized oil (tetradecane). These studies demonstrate the tolerance of lipid nanoparticles [cubosomes, hexosomes, micellar cubosomes, and emulsified microemulsions (EMEs)] for high pressures, confirming their robustness for various technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar V Kulkarni
- Biological and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Physical Sciences and Computing, University of Central Lancashire , Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Milos Steinhart
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Manfred Kriechbaum
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology , A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Rappolt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology , A-8010 Graz, Austria
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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14
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The Monoglyceride Content Affects the Self-Assembly Behavior, Rheological Properties, Syringeability, and Mucoadhesion of In Situ–Gelling Liquid Crystalline Phase. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2355-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Beddoes CM, Berge J, Bartenstein JE, Lange K, Smith AJ, Heenan RK, Briscoe WH. Hydrophilic nanoparticles stabilising mesophase curvature at low concentration but disrupting mesophase order at higher concentrations. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6049-6057. [PMID: 27340807 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using high pressure small angle X-ray scattering (HP-SAXS), we have studied monoolein (MO) mesophases at 18 wt% hydration in the presence of 10 nm silica nanoparticles (NPs) at NP-lipid number ratios (ν) of 1 × 10(-6), 1 × 10(-5) and 1 × 10(-4) over the pressure range 1-2700 bar and temperature range 20-60 °C. In the absence of the silica NPs, the pressure-temperature (p-T) phase diagram of monoolein exhibited inverse bicontinuous cubic gyroid (Q), lamellar alpha (Lα), and lamellar crystalline (Lc) phases. The addition of the NPs significantly altered the p-T phase diagram, changing the pressure (p) and the temperature (T) at which the transitions between these mesophases occurred. In particular, a strong NP concentration effect on the mesophase behaviour was observed. At low NP concentration, the p-T region pervaded by the Q phase and the Lα-Q mixture increased, and we attribute this behaviour to the NPs forming clusters at the mesophase domain boundaries, encouraging transition to the mesophase with a higher curvature. At high NP concentrations, the Q phase was no longer observed in the p-T phase diagram. Instead, it was dominated by the lamellar (L) phases until the transition to a fluid isotropic (FI) phase at 60 °C at low pressure. We speculate that NPs formed aggregates with a "chain of pearls" structure at the mesophase domain boundaries, hindering transitions to the mesophases with higher curvatures. These observations were supported by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results have implications to nanocomposite materials and nanoparticle cellular entry where the interactions between NPs and organised lipid structures are an important consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Beddoes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK. and Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Johanna Berge
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Julia E Bartenstein
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Kathrin Lange
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | - Wuge H Briscoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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17
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McCarthy N, Brooks N. Using High Pressure to Modulate Lateral Structuring in Model Lipid Membranes. ADVANCES IN BIOMEMBRANES AND LIPID SELF-ASSEMBLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.abl.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Barriga HMG, Law RV, Seddon JM, Ces O, Brooks NJ. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on model membrane domain composition and lateral compressibility. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:149-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We distinguish the liquid ordered and liquid disordered phases in diffraction patterns of biphasic mixtures, comparing their lateral compressibility and report the variations in the two phase region with increasing hydrostatic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. V. Law
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - J. M. Seddon
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - O. Ces
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - N. J. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
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19
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Bulpett JM, Snow T, Quignon B, Beddoes CM, Tang TYD, Mann S, Shebanova O, Pizzey CL, Terrill NJ, Davis SA, Briscoe WH. Hydrophobic nanoparticles promote lamellar to inverted hexagonal transition in phospholipid mesophases. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8789-8800. [PMID: 26391613 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01705j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on how the mesophase transition behaviour of the phospholipid dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) is altered by the presence of 10 nm hydrophobic and 14 nm hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations. The lamellar to inverted hexagonal phase transition (Lα-HII) of phospholipids is energetically analogous to the membrane fusion process, therefore understanding the Lα-HII transition with nanoparticulate additives is relevant to how membrane fusion may be affected by these additives, in this case the silica NPs. The overriding observation is that the HII/Lα boundaries in the DOPE p-T phase diagram were shifted by the presence of NPs: the hydrophobic NPs enlarged the HII phase region and thus encouraged the inverted hexagonal (HII) phase to occur at lower temperatures, whilst hydrophilic NPs appeared to stabilise the Lα phase region. This effect was also NP-concentration dependent, with a more pronounced effect for higher concentration of the hydrophobic NPs, but the trend was less clear cut for the hydrophilic NPs. There was no evidence that the NPs were intercalated into the mesophases, and as such it was likely that they might have undergone microphase separation and resided at the mesophase domain boundaries. Whilst the loci and exact roles of the NPs invite further investigation, we tentatively discuss these results in terms of both the surface chemistry of the NPs and the effect of their curvature on the elastic bending energy considerations during the mesophase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Bulpett
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Tim Snow
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Benoit Quignon
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Charlotte M Beddoes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - T-Y D Tang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Stephen Mann
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Olga Shebanova
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Claire L Pizzey
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Nicholas J Terrill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Sean A Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Wuge H Briscoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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20
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Chen YF, Tsang KY, Chang WF, Fan ZA. Differential dependencies on [Ca2+] and temperature of the monolayer spontaneous curvatures of DOPE, DOPA and cardiolipin: effects of modulating the strength of the inter-headgroup repulsion. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4041-4053. [PMID: 25907686 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomembranes assume nonlamellar structures in many cellular events, with the tendency of forming a nonlamellar structure quantified by the monolayer spontaneous curvature, C(0), and with many of these events involving the acts of Ca(2+). Despite this biologically important intimacy, how C(0) is affected by [Ca(2+)] is unknown. In this study, we use the X-ray diffraction technique and the reconstruction of electron density profiles to measure the C(0)s of a zwitterionic phospholipid, DOPE, and two anionic phospholipids, DOPA and 18 : 1 (9Z) cardiolipin, at temperatures from 20 °C to 40 °C and [Ca(2+)]s from 0 mM to 100 mM; these phospholipids are chosen to examine the contributions of the electric charge density per molecule. While showing a strong dependence on temperature, C(0,DOPE) is nearly independent of [Ca(2+)]. In contrast, C(0,DOPA) and C(0),cardiolipin are almost unresponsive to the temperature change but affected by the [Ca(2+)] variation; and C(0,DOPA) varies with [Ca(2+)] ∼1.5 times more strongly than C(0,cardiolipin), with the phase preferences of DOPA and cardiolipin shifting to the H(II) phase and remaining on the Lα phase, respectively, at [Ca(2+)] = 100 mM. From these observations, we reveal the effects of modulating the strength of the inter-headgroup repulsion and discuss the mechanisms underlying the phase behaviour and cellular functions of the investigated phospholipids. Most importantly, this study recognizes that the headgroup charge density is dominant in dictating the phase behaviour of the anionic phospholipids, and that the unique molecular characteristics of cardiolipin are critically needed both for maintaining the structural integrity of cardiolipin-rich biomembranes and for fulfilling the biological roles of the phospholipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-F Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
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21
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Beddoes CM, Case CP, Briscoe WH. Understanding nanoparticle cellular entry: A physicochemical perspective. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 218:48-68. [PMID: 25708746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) with biological matter, particularly cells, is becoming increasingly important due to their growing application in medicine and materials, and consequent biological and environmental exposure. For NPs to be utilised to their full potential, it is important to correlate their functional characteristics with their physical properties, which may also be used to predict any adverse cellular responses. A key mechanism for NPs to impart toxicity is to gain cellular entry directly. Many parameters affect the behaviour of nanomaterials in a cellular environment particularly their interactions with cell membranes, including their size, shape and surface chemistry as well as factors such as the cell type, location and external environment (e.g. other surrounding materials, temperature, pH and pressure). Aside from in vitro and in vivo experiments, model cell membrane systems have been used in both computer simulations and physicochemical experiments to elucidate the mechanisms for NP cellular entry. Here we present a brief overview of the effects of NPs physical parameters on their cellular uptake, with focuses on 1) related research using model membrane systems and physicochemical methodologies; and 2) proposed physical mechanisms for NP cellular entrance, with implications to their nanotoxicity. We conclude with a suggestion that the energetic process of NP cellular entry can be evaluated by studying the effects of NPs on lipid mesophase transitions, as the molecular deformations and thus the elastic energy cost are analogous between such transitions and endocytosis. This presents an opportunity for contributions to understanding nanotoxicity from a physicochemical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Beddoes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK; Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, University of Bristol, UK
| | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Clinical Science at North Bristol, University of Bristol, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Wuge H Briscoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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22
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Tang TYD, Brooks NJ, Ces O, Seddon JM, Templer RH. Structural studies of the lamellar to bicontinuous gyroid cubic (Q(G)(II)) phase transitions under limited hydration conditions. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:1991-1997. [PMID: 25626161 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium pathways of lyotropic phase transitions such as the lamellar to inverse bicontinuous cubic phase transition are important dynamical processes resembling cellular fusion and fission processes which can be exploited in biotechnological processes such as drug delivery. However, utilising and optimising these structural transformations for applications require a detailed understanding of the energetic pathways which drive the phase transition. We have used the high pressure X-ray diffraction technique to probe the lamellar to Q(G)(II) phase transition in limited hydration monolinolein on the millisecond time scale. Our results show that the phase transition goes via a structural intermediate and once the Q(G)(II) phase initially forms the elastic energy in the bilayer drives this structure to its equilibrium lattice parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-Y Dora Tang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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23
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Barriga HMG, Tyler AII, McCarthy NLC, Parsons ES, Ces O, Law RV, Seddon JM, Brooks NJ. Temperature and pressure tuneable swollen bicontinuous cubic phases approaching nature's length scales. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:600-607. [PMID: 25430049 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous cubic structures offer enormous potential in applications ranging from protein crystallisation to drug delivery systems and have been observed in cellular membrane structures. One of the current bottlenecks in understanding and exploiting these structures is that cubic scaffolds produced in vitro are considerably smaller in size than those observed in biological systems, differing by almost an order of magnitude in some cases. We have addressed this technological bottleneck and developed a methodology capable of manufacturing highly swollen bicontinuous cubic membranes with length scales approaching those seen in vivo. Crucially, these cubic systems do not require the presence of proteins. We have generated highly swollen Im3m symmetry bicontinuous cubic phases with lattice parameters of up to 480 Å, composed of ternary mixtures of monoolein, cholesterol and negatively charged lipid (DOPS or DOPG) and we have been able to tune their lattice parameters. The swollen cubic phases are highly sensitive to both temperature and pressure; these structural changes are likely to be controlled by a fine balance between lipid headgroup repulsions and lateral pressure in the hydrocarbon chain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M G Barriga
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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24
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Imoto S, Forbert H, Marx D. Water structure and solvation of osmolytes at high hydrostatic pressure: pure water and TMAO solutions at 10 kbar versus 1 bar. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:24224-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Solvation structures of trimethylamine N-oxide change drastically due to the increase in the hydrostatic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Imoto
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- D-44780 Bochum
- Germany
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25
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Bras W, Koizumi S, Terrill NJ. Beyond simple small-angle X-ray scattering: developments in online complementary techniques and sample environments. IUCRJ 2014; 1:478-91. [PMID: 25485128 PMCID: PMC4224466 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514019198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS) are standard tools in materials research. The simultaneous measurement of SAXS and WAXS data in time-resolved studies has gained popularity due to the complementary information obtained. Furthermore, the combination of these data with non X-ray based techniques, via either simultaneous or independent measurements, has advanced understanding of the driving forces that lead to the structures and morphologies of materials, which in turn give rise to their properties. The simultaneous measurement of different data regimes and types, using either X-rays or neutrons, and the desire to control parameters that initiate and control structural changes have led to greater demands on sample environments. Examples of developments in technique combinations and sample environment design are discussed, together with a brief speculation about promising future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Bras
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF, BP 220, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Satoshi Koizumi
- College of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Terrill
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
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26
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Brooks NJ. Pressure effects on lipids and bio-membrane assemblies. IUCRJ 2014; 1:470-7. [PMID: 25485127 PMCID: PMC4224465 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514019551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Membranes are amongst the most important biological structures; they maintain the fundamental integrity of cells, compartmentalize regions within them and play an active role in a wide range of cellular processes. Pressure can play a key role in probing the structure and dynamics of membrane assemblies, and is also critical to the biology and adaptation of deep-sea organisms. This article presents an overview of the effect of pressure on the mesostructure of lipid membranes, bilayer organization and lipid-protein assemblies. It also summarizes recent developments in high-pressure structural instrumentation suitable for experiments on membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, England
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27
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Chen Y, Ma P, Gui S. Cubic and hexagonal liquid crystals as drug delivery systems. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:815981. [PMID: 24995330 PMCID: PMC4068036 DOI: 10.1155/2014/815981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipids have been widely used as main constituents in various drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and lipid-based lyotropic liquid crystals. Among them, lipid-based lyotropic liquid crystals have highly ordered, thermodynamically stable internal nanostructure, thereby offering the potential as a sustained drug release matrix. The intricate nanostructures of the cubic phase and hexagonal phase have been shown to provide diffusion controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients with a wide range of molecular weights and polarities. In addition, the biodegradable and biocompatible nature of lipids demonstrates the minimum toxicity and thus they are used for various routes of administration. Therefore, the research on lipid-based lyotropic liquid crystalline phases has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. This review will provide an overview of the lipids used to prepare cubic phase and hexagonal phase at physiological temperature, as well as the influencing factors on the phase transition of liquid crystals. In particular, the most current research progresses on cubic and hexagonal phases as drug delivery systems will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Hospira Inc., 1776 North Centennial Drive, McPherson, KS 67460, USA
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine & Materia, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Anhui “115” Xin'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Research & Development Innovation Team, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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28
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Tang TYD, Seddon AM, Jeworrek C, Winter R, Ces O, Seddon JM, Templer RH. The effects of pressure and temperature on the energetics and pivotal surface in a monoacylglycerol/water gyroid inverse bicontinuous cubic phase. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3009-3015. [PMID: 24695766 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of pressure and temperature on the location of the pivotal surface in a lipid inverse bicontinuous gyroid cubic phase (Q(G)(II)), described by the area at the pivotal surface (An), the volume between the pivotal surface and the bilayer midplane (Vn), and the molecular volume of the lipid (V). Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to measure the swelling behaviour of the lipid, monolinolein, as a function of pressure and temperature, and the data were fitted to two different geometric models: the parallel interface model (PIM), and the constant mean curvature model (CMCM). The results show that an increase in temperature leads to a shift in the location of the pivotal surface towards the bilayer midplane, whilst an increase in pressure causes the pivotal surface to move towards the interfacial region. In addition, we describe the relevance of An, Vn and V for modeling the energetics of curved mesophases with specific reference to the mean curvature at the pivotal surface and discuss the significance of this parameter for modelling the energetics of curved mesophases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-Y Dora Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AY, UK
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29
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Maeda Y, Kutsumizu S, Sakurai S. The pressure effect on thermotropic cubic phases of 1,2-bis(4'-n-alkoxybenzoyl)hydrazines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4329-37. [PMID: 24457459 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54471k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pressure on the nanostructure of a thermotropic cubic (Cub) mesogen 1,2-bis(4'-n-alkoxybenzoyl)hydrazine (BABH-n; n is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain) was investigated under elevated pressures up to 140 MPa by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Four compounds, BABH-12, -14, -16 and -18, were examined and the type of Cub mesophase formed at ambient pressure is Ia3d for BABH-12 and -18, Im3m for BABH-14, and both for BABH-16. The high-pressure XRD enabled the discrimination of the Cub phase type in the low-pressure Cub phase regions of BABH-14 and BABH-16 and the revision of the phase diagrams reported previously. New insight in this work is changes in the lattice constant a of the Cub phases upon pressurization. The lattice constant a of the Im3m-Cub phase in BABH-14 decreases as only an exception, while those of the Ia3d-Cub phases in BABH-16 and -18 increased gradually, with increasing pressure, up to about 24 and 25% in the unit cell volume, respectively, in their optimal situations of pressure and temperature. The a values of the Ia3d-Cub phases in BABH-12, -14, -16 and -18 at elevated pressures were roughly on an extrapolated line of the a vs. n linear relationship determined for the corresponding data of the short-chain BABH-n (6 ≤ n ≤ 13) at ambient pressure. The pressure-induced expansion of the Ia3d-Cub lattice is well explained by reduced lateral expansion of a terminal alkyl chain and apparent reduction of the effective core size (from "double-layered core" to the "single-layered core" states).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Maeda
- Department of Life Science and Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Polytechnic University, 1583 Iiyama, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0297, Japan
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