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Zhao P, Gong S, Zhang C, Chen S, Cheng P. Roles of Wettability and Wickability on Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27898-27907. [PMID: 38749009 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Bubble dynamics significantly impact mass transfer and energy conversion in electrochemical gas evolution reactions. Micro-/nanostructured surfaces with extreme wettability have been employed as gas-evolving electrodes to promote bubble departure and decrease the bubble-induced overpotential. However, effects of the electrodes' wickability on the electrochemical reaction performances remain elusive. In this work, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performances are experimentally investigated using micropillar array electrodes with varying interpillar spacings, and effects of the electrodes' wettability, wickability as well as bubble adhesion are discussed. A deep learning-based object detection model was used to obtain bubble counts and bubble departure size distributions. We show that microstructures on the electrode have little effect on the total bubble counts and bubble size distribution characteristics at low current densities. At high current densities, however, micropillar array electrodes have much higher total bubble counts and smaller bubble departure sizes compared with the flat electrode. We also demonstrate that surface wettability is a critical factor influencing HER performances under low current densities, where bubbles exist in an isolated regime. Under high current densities, where bubbles are in an interacting regime, the wickability of the micropillar array electrodes emerges as a determining factor. This work elucidates the roles of surface wettability and wickability on enhancing electrochemical performances, providing guidelines for the optimal design of micro-/nanostructured electrodes in various gas evolution reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuai Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siliang Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Bashkatov A, Park S, Demirkır Ç, Wood JA, Koper MTM, Lohse D, Krug D. Performance Enhancement of Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution through Coalescence-Induced Bubble Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10177-10186. [PMID: 38538570 PMCID: PMC11009962 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of electrogenerated gas bubbles during water electrolysis can significantly hamper the overall process efficiency. Promoting the departure of electrochemically generated bubbles during (water) electrolysis is therefore beneficial. For a single bubble, a departure from the electrode surface occurs when buoyancy wins over the downward-acting forces (e.g., contact, Marangoni, and electric forces). In this work, the dynamics of a pair of H2 bubbles produced during the hydrogen evolution reaction in 0.5 M H2SO4 using a dual platinum microelectrode system is systematically studied by varying the electrode distance and the cathodic potential. By combining high-speed imaging and electrochemical analysis, we demonstrate the importance of bubble-bubble interactions in the departure process. We show that bubble coalescence may lead to substantially earlier bubble departure as compared to buoyancy effects alone, resulting in considerably higher reaction rates at a constant potential. However, due to continued mass input and conservation of momentum, repeated coalescence events with bubbles close to the electrode may drive departed bubbles back to the surface beyond a critical current, which increases with the electrode spacing. The latter leads to the resumption of bubble growth near the electrode surface, followed by buoyancy-driven departure. While less favorable at small electrode spacing, this configuration proves to be very beneficial at larger separations, increasing the mean current up to 2.4 times compared to a single electrode under the conditions explored in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Bashkatov
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Sunghak Park
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Çayan Demirkır
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Jeffery A. Wood
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Dominik Krug
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics and
J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
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3
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Wu R, Hu Z, Zhang H, Wang J, Qin C, Zhou Y. Bubbles in Porous Electrodes for Alkaline Water Electrolysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:721-733. [PMID: 38147650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Porous electrodes with high specific surface areas have been commonly employed for alkaline water electrolysis. The gas bubbles generated in electrodes due to water electrolysis, however, can screen the reaction sites and hinder reactant transport, thereby deteriorating the performance of electrodes. Hence, an in-depth understanding of the behavior of bubbles in porous electrodes is of great importance. Nevertheless, since porous electrodes are opaque, direct observation of bubbles therein is still a challenge. In this work, we have successfully captured the behavior of bubbles in the pores at the side surfaces of nickel-based porous electrodes. Two types of porous electrodes are employed: the ones with straight pores along the gravitational direction and the ones with tortuous pores. In the porous electrodes with tortuous pores, the moving bubbles are prone to collide with the solid matrix, thereby leading to the accumulation of bubbles in the pores and hence bubble trapping. By contrast, in the porous electrodes with straight pores, bubbles are seldom trapped; and when two bubbles near the wall surfaces coalesce, the merged bubble can jump away from the wall surfaces, releasing more active surfaces for reaction. As a result, the porous electrodes with straight pores, although with lower specific surface areas, are superior to those with tortuous pores. The relationship among the pore structures of porous electrodes, bubble behavior, and electrode performance disclosed in this work provides deep insights into the design of porous electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhihao Hu
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haojing Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinqing Wang
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Chaozhong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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4
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Sangtam BT, Park H. Review on Bubble Dynamics in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis: Towards Optimal Green Hydrogen Yield. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2234. [PMID: 38138403 PMCID: PMC10745635 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Water electrolysis using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) holds substantial promise to produce green hydrogen with zero carbon discharge. Although various techniques are available to produce hydrogen gas, the water electrolysis process tends to be more cost-effective with greater advantages for energy storage devices. However, one of the challenges associated with PEM water electrolysis is the accumulation of gas bubbles, which can impair cell performance and result in lower hydrogen output. Achieving an in-depth knowledge of bubble dynamics during electrolysis is essential for optimal cell performance. This review paper discusses bubble behaviors, measuring techniques, and other aspects of bubble dynamics in PEM water electrolysis. It also examines bubble behavior under different operating conditions, as well as the system geometry. The current review paper will further improve the understanding of bubble dynamics in PEM water electrolysis, facilitating more competent, inexpensive, and feasible green hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanwook Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Republic of Korea;
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5
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Li M, Xie P, Yu L, Luo L, Sun X. Bubble Engineering on Micro-/Nanostructured Electrodes for Water Splitting. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37992209 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Bubble behaviors play crucial roles in mass transfer and energy efficiency in gas evolution reactions. Combining multiscale structures and surface chemical compositions, micro-/nanostructured electrodes have drawn increasing attention. With the aim to identify the exciting opportunities and rationalize the electrode designs, in this review, we present our current comprehension of bubble engineering on micro-/nanostructured electrodes, focusing on water splitting. We first provide a brief introduction of gas wettability on micro-/nanostructured electrodes. Then we discuss the advantages of micro-/nanostructured electrodes for mass transfer (detailing the lowered overpotential, promoted supply of electrolyte, and faster bubble growth kinetics), localized electric field intensity, and electrode stability. Following that, we outline strategies for promoting bubble detachment and directional transportation. Finally, we offer our perspectives on this emerging field for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengpeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linfeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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6
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Park S, Liu L, Demirkır Ç, van der Heijden O, Lohse D, Krug D, Koper MTM. Solutal Marangoni effect determines bubble dynamics during electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1532-1540. [PMID: 37563325 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and manipulating gas bubble evolution during electrochemical water splitting is a crucial strategy for optimizing the electrode/electrolyte/gas bubble interface. Here gas bubble dynamics are investigated during the hydrogen evolution reaction on a well-defined platinum microelectrode by varying the electrolyte composition. We find that the microbubble coalescence efficiency follows the Hofmeister series of anions in the electrolyte. This dependency yields very different types of H2 gas bubble evolution in different electrolytes, ranging from periodic detachment of a single H2 gas bubble in sulfuric acid to aperiodic detachment of small H2 gas bubbles in perchloric acid. Our results indicate that the solutal Marangoni convection, induced by the anion concentration gradient developing during the reaction, plays a critical role at practical current density conditions. The resulting Marangoni force on the H2 gas bubble and the bubble departure diameter therefore depend on how surface tension varies with concentration for different electrolytes. This insight provides new avenues for controlling bubble dynamics during electrochemical gas bubble formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghak Park
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luhao Liu
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Çayan Demirkır
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | | | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Krug
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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7
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Wu L, Ning M, Xing X, Wang Y, Zhang F, Gao G, Song S, Wang D, Yuan C, Yu L, Bao J, Chen S, Ren Z. Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction of (Fe,Ni)OOH via Defect Engineering for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Under Industrial Conditions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306097. [PMID: 37607336 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Developing non-precious catalysts with long-term catalytic durability and structural stability under industrial conditions is the key to practical alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis. Here, an energy-saving approach is proposed to synthesize defect-rich iron nickel oxyhydroxide for stability and efficiency toward the oxygen evolution reaction. Benefiting from in situ cation exchange, the nanosheet-nanoflake-structured catalyst is homogeneously embedded in, and tightly bonded to, its substrate, making it ultrastable at high current densities. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the introduction of Ni in FeOOH reduces the activation energy barrier for the catalytic reaction and that the purposely created oxygen defects not only ensure the exposure of active sites and maximize the effective catalyst surface but also modulate the local coordination environment and chemisorption properties of both Fe and Ni sites, thus lowering the energy barrier from *O to *OOH. Consequently, the optimized d-(Fe,Ni)OOH catalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic activity with long-term durability under both laboratory and industrial conditions. The large-area d-(Fe,Ni)OOH||NiMoN pair requires 1.795 V to reach a current density of 500 mA cm-2 at an absolute current of 12.5 A in an AEM electrolyzer for overall water electrolysis, showing great potential for industrial water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Wu
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Minghui Ning
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xinxin Xing
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Fanghao Zhang
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Nano-Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Shaowei Song
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Chuqing Yuan
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Luo Yu
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhifeng Ren
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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8
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Xu Q, Tao L, She Y, Ye X, Wang M, Nie T. Effect of Laser Spot Diameter on Oxygen Bubble Behavior in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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9
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Raj D, Scaglione F, Rizzi P. Rapid Fabrication of Fe and Pd Thin Films as SERS-Active Substrates via Dynamic Hydrogen Bubble Template Method. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:135. [PMID: 36616045 PMCID: PMC9824498 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fe and Pd thin film samples have been fabricated in a rapid fashion utilizing the versatile technique of dynamic hydrogen bubble template (DHBT) method via potentiostatic electrodeposition over a copper substrate. The morphology of the samples is dendritic, with the composition being directly proportional to the deposition time. All the samples have been tested as SERS substrates for the detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye. The samples perform very well, with the best performance shown by the Pd samples. The lowest detectable R6G concentration was found to be 10-6 M (479 μgL-1) by one of the Pd samples with the deposition time of 180 s. The highest enhancement of signals noticed in this sample can be attributed to its morphology, which is more nanostructured compared to other samples, which is extremely conducive to the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Overall, these samples are cheaper, easy to prepare with a rapid fabrication method, and show appreciable SERS performance.
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10
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Electrolysis in reduced gravitational environments: current research perspectives and future applications. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:56. [PMID: 36470890 PMCID: PMC9722834 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical energy conversion technologies play a crucial role in space missions, for example, in the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) on the International Space Station (ISS). They are also vitally important for future long-term space travel for oxygen, fuel and chemical production, where a re-supply of resources from Earth is not possible. Here, we provide an overview of currently existing electrolytic energy conversion technologies for space applications such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline electrolyzer systems. We discuss the governing interfacial processes in these devices influenced by reduced gravitation and provide an outlook on future applications of electrolysis systems in, e.g., in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies. A perspective of computational modelling to predict the impact of the reduced gravitational environment on governing electrochemical processes is also discussed and experimental suggestions to better understand efficiency-impacting processes such as gas bubble formation and detachment in reduced gravitational environments are outlined.
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11
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Nie T, Li Z, Luo X, She Y, Liang L, Xu Q, Guo L. Single bubble dynamics on a TiO2 photoelectrode surface during photoelectrochemical water splitting. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Raman A, Peñas P, van der Meer D, Lohse D, Gardeniers H, Fernández Rivas D. Potential response of single successive constant-current-driven electrolytic hydrogen bubbles spatially separated from the electrode. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Chen Q, Zhao J, Deng X, Shan Y, Peng Y. Single-Entity Electrochemistry of Nano- and Microbubbles in Electrolytic Gas Evolution. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6153-6163. [PMID: 35762985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gas bubbles are found in diverse electrochemical processes, ranging from electrolytic water splitting to chlor-alkali electrolysis, as well as photoelectrochemical processes. Understanding the intricate influence of bubble evolution on the electrode processes and mass transport is key to the rational design of efficient devices for electrolytic energy conversion and thus requires precise measurement and analysis of individual gas bubbles. In this Perspective, we review the latest advances in single-entity measurement of gas bubbles on electrodes, covering the approaches of voltammetric and galvanostatic studies based on nanoelectrodes, probing bubble evolution using scanning probe electrochemistry with spatial information, and monitoring the transient nature of nanobubble formation and dynamics with opto-electrochemical imaging. We emphasize the intrinsic and quantitative physicochemical interpretation of single gas bubbles from electrochemical data, highlighting the fundamental understanding of the heterogeneous nucleation, dynamic state of the three-phase boundary, and the correlation between electrolytic bubble dynamics and nanocatalyst activities. In addition, a brief discussion of future perspectives is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoli Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yun Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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14
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Wu L, Zhang F, Song S, Ning M, Zhu Q, Zhou J, Gao G, Chen Z, Zhou Q, Xing X, Tong T, Yao Y, Bao J, Yu L, Chen S, Ren Z. Efficient Alkaline Water/Seawater Hydrogen Evolution by a Nanorod-Nanoparticle-Structured Ni-MoN Catalyst with Fast Water-Dissociation Kinetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201774. [PMID: 35363922 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Achieving efficient and durable nonprecious hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts for scaling up alkaline water/seawater electrolysis is desirable but remains a significant challenge. Here, a heterogeneous Ni-MoN catalyst consisting of Ni and MoN nanoparticles on amorphous MoN nanorods that can sustain large-current-density HER with outstanding performance is demonstrated. The hierarchical nanorod-nanoparticle structure, along with a large surface area and multidimensional boundaries/defects endows the catalyst with abundant active sites. The hydrophilic surface helps to achieve accelerated gas-release capabilities and is effective in preventing catalyst degradation during water electrolysis. Theoretical calculations further prove that the combination of Ni and MoN effectively modulates the electron redistribution at their interface and promotes the sluggish water-dissociation kinetics at the Mo sites. Consequently, this Ni-MoN catalyst requires low overpotentials of 61 and 136 mV to drive current densities of 100 and 1000 mA cm-2 , respectively, in 1 m KOH and remains stable during operation for 200 h at a constant current density of 100 or 500 mA cm-2 . This good HER catalyst also works well in alkaline seawater electrolyte and shows outstanding performance toward overall seawater electrolysis with ultralow cell voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Wu
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Fanghao Zhang
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Shaowei Song
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Minghui Ning
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jianqing Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Nano-Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Qiancheng Zhou
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xinxin Xing
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Tian Tong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Luo Yu
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhifeng Ren
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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15
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Lake JR, Soto ÁM, Varanasi KK. Impact of Bubbles on Electrochemically Active Surface Area of Microtextured Gas-Evolving Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3276-3283. [PMID: 35229608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of electrochemical bubbles on the performance of gas-evolving electrodes have been extensively studied. However, the ways in which bubbles dynamically alter the electrochemically active surface area during bubble evolution are not well understood. Here, we study hydrogen evolution at industrially relevant current densities by using controlled microtexture to examine this fundamental relationship. Surprisingly, the most densely microtextured electrodes have the lowest performance on an active surface area basis. Using high-speed imaging, we show that the benefits of microtexture to release smaller bubbles more consistently are outweighed by the inactivation induced by bubbles growing within the denser microtexture, causing these performance limitations. Additionally, we show that the area beneath adhered bubbles is electrochemically active, contrary to currently held assumptions. Our study therefore has broad implications for electrode design to avoid ineffective use of precious catalyst materials, which is especially critical for porous electrodes and three-dimensional structures with high specific surface areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R Lake
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Álvaro Moreno Soto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kripa K Varanasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Bashkatov A, Hossain SS, Mutschke G, Yang X, Rox H, Weidinger IM, Eckert K. On the growth regimes of hydrogen bubbles at microelectrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26738-26752. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02092k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Beside classical growth (regime I), depending on potential and concentration, new growth regimes of hydrogen bubbles were found. These differ with respect to the existence of a carpet of microbubbles underneath and of current oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Bashkatov
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Hydrogen Lab, School of Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Syed Sahil Hossain
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Gerd Mutschke
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Xuegeng Yang
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Hannes Rox
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Inez M. Weidinger
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Hydrogen Lab, School of Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
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17
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Wong XY, Zhuo Y, Shen Y. Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen Bubble Behavior in a Zero-Gap Alkaline Water Electrolyzer Flow Channel. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Wong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yuting Zhuo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yansong Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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18
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Competing Marangoni effects form a stagnant cap on the interface of a hydrogen bubble attached to a microelectrode. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Fang J, Wang XY, Yin L, Zhu W, Zhuang Z. Cr-Doped CoP Nanorod Arrays as High-Performance Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts at High Current Density. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100832. [PMID: 34117841 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient, low-cost electrocatalysts with long-time stability at high current density working conditions for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a great challenge for the large-scale commercialization of hydrogen production from water electrolysis. Herein, the Cr-doped CoP nanorod arrays on carbon cloth (Cr-CoP-NR/CC) is reported as high performance HER catalysts with overpotentials of 38 and 209 mV at the HER current densities of 10 and 500 mA cm-2 , respectively, outperforming the performance of the commercial Pt/C at high current density. And its HER performance shows almost no loss after 20 h working at 500 mA cm-2 . The high performance is attributed to the Cr doping, which optimizes the hydrogen binding energy of CoP and prevents its oxidation. The nanorod array structure helps the escaping of the generated hydrogen gas, which is suitable for working at high current density. The obtained Cr-CoP-NR/CC catalyst shows the potential to replace the costly Pt-based HER catalysts in the water electrolyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinjie Fang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Comprehensive Energy Research Center, Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Likun Yin
- Comprehensive Energy Research Center, Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhongbin Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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20
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Bashkatov A, Yang X, Mutschke G, Fritzsche B, Hossain SS, Eckert K. Dynamics of single hydrogen bubbles at Pt microelectrodes in microgravity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11818-11830. [PMID: 33988200 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00978h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of single hydrogen bubbles electrogenerated in acidic electrolytes at a Pt microelectrode under potentiostatic conditions is investigated in microgravity during parabolic flights. Three bubble evolution scenarios have been identified depending on the electric potential applied and the acid concentration. The dominant scenario, characterized by lateral detachment of the grown bubble, is studied in detail. For that purpose, the evolution of the bubble radius, electric current and bubble trajectories, as well as the bubble lifetime are comprehensively addressed for different potentials and electrolyte concentrations. We focus particularly on analyzing bubble-bubble coalescence events which are responsible for reversals of the direction of bubble motion. Finally, as parabolic flights also permit hypergravity conditions, a detailed comparison of the characteristic bubble phenomena at various levels of gravity is drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Bashkatov
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany.
| | - Xuegeng Yang
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany.
| | - Gerd Mutschke
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany.
| | - Barbara Fritzsche
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany. and Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany.
| | - Syed Sahil Hossain
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany. and Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany.
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21
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JIN C, LIU YL, SHAN Y, CHEN QJ. Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscope Study of Individual H2 Gas Bubble Nucleation on Platinum: Effect of Surfactants. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(21)60096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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22
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Kim J, Choi H, Cho SH, Hwang J, Kim HY, Lee YS. Scalable High-Efficiency Bi-Facial Solar Evaporator with a Dendritic Copper Oxide Wick. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11869-11878. [PMID: 33660500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solar thermal distillation is a promising way to harvest clean water due to its sustainability. However, the energy density of solar irradiation inevitably demands scalability of the systems. To realize practical applications, it is highly desirable to fabricate meter-scale solar evaporator panels with high capillary performance as well as optical absorptance using scalable and high-throughput fabrication methods. Here, we demonstrate a truly scalable fabrication process for a bi-facial solar evaporator with copper oxide dendrites via the hydrogen bubble templated electrochemical deposition technique. Furthermore, we construct a theoretical model combining capillarity and evaporative mass transfer, which leads to optimal operation conditions and wick characteristics, including superhydrophilicity, extreme capillary performance, and omni-angular high optical absorptance. The fabricated porous surfaces with excellent capillary performance and productivity provide a pathway toward a highly efficient bi-facial solar evaporator panel with meter-level scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungtaek Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seog Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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23
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Hadikhani P, Hashemi SMH, Schenk SA, Psaltis D. A membrane-less electrolyzer with porous walls for high throughput and pure hydrogen production. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2021; 5:2419-2432. [PMID: 33997295 PMCID: PMC8095110 DOI: 10.1039/d1se00255d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-less electrolyzers utilize fluidic forces instead of solid barriers for the separation of electrolysis gas products. These electrolyzers have low ionic resistance, a simple design, and the ability to work with electrolytes at different pH values. However, the interelectrode distance and the flow velocity should be large at high production rates to prevent gas cross over. This is not energetically favorable as the ionic resistance is higher at larger interelectrode distances and the required pumping power increases with the flow velocity. In this work, a new solution is introduced to increase the throughput of electrolyzers without the need for increasing these two parameters. The new microfluidic reactor has three channels separated by porous walls. The electrolyte enters the middle channel and flows into the outer channels through the wall pores. Gas products are being produced in the outer channels. Hydrogen cross over is 0.14% in this electrolyzer at flow rate = 80 mL h-1 and current density (j) = 300 mA cm-2. This cross over is 58 times lower than hydrogen cross over in an equivalent membrane-less electrolyzer with parallel electrodes under the same working conditions. Moreover, the addition of a surfactant to the electrolyte further reduces the hydrogen cross over by 21% and the overpotential by 1.9%. This is due to the positive effects of surfactants on the detachment and coalescence dynamics of bubbles. The addition of the passive additive and implementation of the porous walls result in twice the hydrogen production rate in the new reactor compared to parallel electrode electrolyzers with similar hydrogen cross over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Hadikhani
- Optics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - S Mohammad H Hashemi
- Optics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
- Computational Science & Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Steven A Schenk
- Optics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Demetri Psaltis
- Optics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
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24
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Liu Y, Jin C, Liu Y, Ruiz KH, Ren H, Fan Y, White HS, Chen Q. Visualization and Quantification of Electrochemical H 2 Bubble Nucleation at Pt, Au, and MoS 2 Substrates. ACS Sens 2021; 6:355-363. [PMID: 32449344 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic gas evolution is a significant phenomenon in many electrochemical technologies from water splitting, chloralkali process to fuel cells. Although it is known that gas evolution may substantially affect the ohmic resistance and mass transfer, studies focusing on the electrochemistry of individual bubbles are critical but also challenging. Here, we report an approach using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) with a single channel pipet to quantitatively study individual gas bubble nucleation on different electrode substrates, including conventional polycrystalline Pt and Au films, as well as the most interesting two-dimensional semiconductor MoS2. Due to the confinement effect of the pipet, well-defined peak-shaped voltammetric features associated with single bubble nucleation and growth are consistently observed. From stochastic bubble nucleation measurement and finite element simulation, the surface H2 concentration corresponding to bubble nucleation is estimated to be ∼218, 137, and 157 mM, with critical nuclei contact angles of ∼156°, ∼161°, and ∼160° at polycrystalline Pt, Au, and MoS2 substrates, respectively. We further demonstrated the surface faceting at polycrystalline Pt is not specifically correlated with the bubble nucleation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuwen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Karla Hernandez Ruiz
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Yuchi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Henry S. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Qianjin Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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25
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High-speed characterization of two-phase flow and bubble dynamics in titanium felt porous media for hydrogen production. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Ripken RM, Wood JA, Schlautmann S, Günther A, Gardeniers HJGE, Le Gac S. Towards controlled bubble nucleation in microreactors for enhanced mass transport. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The exact location of bubbles with respect to the catalytic layer impacts the microreactor performance. In this work, we propose to control bubble nucleation using micropits to maximize the microreactor efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée M. Ripken
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffery A. Wood
- Soft Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schlautmann
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Günther
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Han J. G. E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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27
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Vesztergom S, Dutta A, Rahaman M, Kiran K, Zelocualtecatl Montiel I, Broekmann P. Hydrogen Bubble Templated Metal Foams as Efficient Catalysts of CO
2
Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Vesztergom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestraße 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
- Department of Physical Chemistry Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestraße 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestraße 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Kiran Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestraße 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestraße 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
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28
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Zheng YT, Zhao BS, Zhang HB, Jia H, Wu M. Colorimetric aptasensor for fumonisin B1 detection by regulating the amount of bubbles in closed bipolar platform. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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30
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Dastafkan K, Meyer Q, Chen X, Zhao C. Efficient Oxygen Evolution and Gas Bubble Release Achieved by a Low Gas Bubble Adhesive Iron-Nickel Vanadate Electrocatalyst. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002412. [PMID: 32627936 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface chemistry is a pivotal prerequisite besides catalyst composition toward advanced water electrolysis. Here, an evident enhancement of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is demonstrated on a vanadate-modified iron-nickel catalyst synthesized by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method, which demonstrates ultralow overpotentials of 274 and 310 mV for delivering large current densities of 100 and 400 mA cm-2 , respectively, in 1 m KOH, where vigorous gas bubble evolution occurs. Vanadate modification augments the OER activity by i) increasing the electrochemical surface area and intrinsic activity of the active sites, ii) having an electronic interplay with Fe and Ni catalytic centers, and iii) inducing a high surface wettability and a low-gas bubble-adhesion for accelerated mass transport and gas bubble dissipation at large current densities. Ex situ and operando Raman study reveals the structural evolution of β-NiOOH and γ-FeOOH phases during the OER through vanadate-active site synergistic interactions. Operando dynamic specific resistance measurement evidences an accelerated gas bubble dissipation by a significant decrease in the variation of the interfacial resistance during the OER for the vanadate-modified surface. Achievement of a high catalytic turnover of 0.12 s-1 suggests metallic oxo-anion modification as a versatile catalyst design strategy for advanced water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Dastafkan
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Quentin Meyer
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xianjue Chen
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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31
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Chen F, Zhou D, Lu Z, Wang C, Luo L, Liu Y, Shang Z, Sheng S, Cheng C, Xu H, Sun X. Bubble Consumption Dynamics in Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Chen Q, Liu Y, Edwards MA, Liu Y, White HS. Nitrogen Bubbles at Pt Nanoelectrodes in a Nonaqueous Medium: Oscillating Behavior and Geometry of Critical Nuclei. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6408-6414. [PMID: 32281788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gas bubble evolution is present in many electrochemical and photoelectrochemical processes. We previously reported the formation of individual H2, N2, and O2 nanobubbles generated from electrocatalytic reduction of H+ and oxidation of N2H4 and H2O2, respectively, at Pt nanodisk electrodes in an aqueous solution. All the nanobubbles formed display a dynamic stationary state of a three-phase boundary with an invariant residual current. Here, we test the hypothesis that gas nanobubbles can also be electrogenerated in a nonaqueous medium. Interestingly, we found oscillating bubble behavior corresponding to nucleation, growth, and dissolution in dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol. One possible explanation of the oscillation mechanism is provided by the instable dynamic equilibrium between the gas influx due to supersaturation and outflux due to Laplace pressure. Furthermore, the critical gas concentrations for N2 nanobubble nucleation are estimated to be 148, 386, 200, and 16 times supersaturation and the contact angles of the critical nuclei to be 164°, 151°, 160°, and 174° in water, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, and methanol, respectively. This is the first report on electrochemical nucleation of gas bubbles in nonaqueous solvents. Our electrochemical gas bubble study based on a nanoelectrode platform has proven to be a prototypical example of single-entity electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuwen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Martin A Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yulong Liu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Henry S White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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33
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Shilpa N, Nadeema A, Kurungot S. Glycine-Induced Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Cobalt Hydroxide: A Bifunctional Catalyst for Overall Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:5300-5309. [PMID: 31663670 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an interconnected α-Co(OH)2 structure with a network-like architecture was used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the overall water splitting reaction in alkaline medium. The complexing ability of glycine with a transition metal was exploited to form [Co(gly)3 ]- dispersion at pH 10, which was used for the electrodeposition. High-resolution TEM, UV/Vis-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to confirm that the as-synthesized materials had an α-Co(OH)2 phase. The electrocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen evolution activity of the glycine-coordinated α-Co(OH)2 was found to be approximately 320 and 145 mV, respectively, at 10 mA cm-2 . The material required approximately 1.60 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode; RHE) to achieve the benchmark of 10 mA cm-2 for overall water splitting with a mass activity of approximately 63.7 A g-1 at 1.60 V (vs. RHE). The chronoamperometric response was measured to evidence the stability of the material for overall water splitting for up to 24 h. Characterization of the catalyst after the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions was performed by XPS and showed the presence of a CoII /CoIII oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Shilpa
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ayasha Nadeema
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sreekumar Kurungot
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
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34
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Bashkatov A, Hossain SS, Yang X, Mutschke G, Eckert K. Oscillating Hydrogen Bubbles at Pt Microelectrodes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:214503. [PMID: 31809136 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.214503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of hydrogen bubbles produced via electrolysis in acidic electrolytes is studied in a combination of experiments and numerical simulations. A transition from monotonic to oscillatory bubble growth is observed after 2/3 of the bubble lifetime, if the electric potential exceeds -3 V. This work analyzes characteristic features of the oscillations in terms of bubble geometry, the thickness of the microbubble carpet, and the oscillation frequency. An explanation of the oscillation mechanisms is provided by the competition between buoyancy and electric force, the magnitude of which depends on the carpet thickness. Both the critical carpet thickness at detachment and the oscillation frequencies of the bubble as predicted by the model agree well with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Bashkatov
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328 Germany
| | - Syed Sahil Hossain
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328 Germany
| | - Xuegeng Yang
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328 Germany
| | - Gerd Mutschke
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328 Germany
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328 Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
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35
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Li D, Podlaha EJ. Template-Assisted Electrodeposition of Porous Fe-Ni-Co Nanowires with Vigorous Hydrogen Evolution. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3569-3574. [PMID: 31117749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to fabricate porous Fe-Ni-Co nanowires directly by electrodepositing into polycarbonate membranes is reported when the electrolyte pH < 0.5. Hydrogen bubbles are used as a dynamic porous template created by operating in electrolytes with very low pH to drive the proton reduction reaction. The electrolyte pH was adjusted with sulfuric acid, and the added sulfate ions are thought to help reduce bubble coalescence, but not detachment at the electrode surface, to facilitate metal deposition within the nanopores. Porous nanowires were obtained when the electrolyte pH was less than 1.0. The average alloy composition was found to be pH sensitive, which shifted from an Fe-rich porous alloy to a Ni-rich porous alloy as the electrolyte pH decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Elizabeth J Podlaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
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36
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Zhao X, Ren H, Luo L. Gas Bubbles in Electrochemical Gas Evolution Reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5392-5408. [PMID: 30888828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical gas evolution reactions are of vital importance in numerous electrochemical processes including water splitting, chloralkaline process, and fuel cells. During gas evolution reactions, gas bubbles are vigorously and constantly forming and influencing these processes. In the past few decades, extensive studies have been performed to understand the evolution of gas bubbles, elucidate the mechanisms of how gas bubbles impact gas evolution reactions, and exploit new bubble-based strategies to improve the efficiency of gas evolution reactions. In this feature article, we summarize the classical theories as well as recent advancements in this field and provide an outlook on future research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
| | - Long Luo
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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37
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Astafev EA. Comparing the Method and Hardware for Electrochemical Impedance with the Method of Measuring and Analyzing Electrochemical Noise. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193518130049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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39
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Taqieddin A, Allshouse MR, Alshawabkeh AN. Review-Mathematical Formulations of Electrochemically Gas-Evolving Systems. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 165:E694-E711. [PMID: 30542215 PMCID: PMC6287757 DOI: 10.1149/2.0791813jes] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically gas-evolving systems are utilized in alkaline water electrolysis, hydrogen production, and many other applications. To design and optimize these systems, high-fidelity models must account for electron-transfer, chemical reactions, thermodynamics, electrode porosity, and hydrodynamics as well as the interconnectedness of these phenomena. Further complicating these models is the production and presence of bubbles. Bubble nucleation naturally occurs due to the chemical reactions and impacts the reaction rate. Modeling bubble growth requires an accurate accounting of interfacial mass transfer. When the bubble becomes large, detachment occurs and the system is modeled as a two-phase flow where the bubbles can then impact material transport in the bulk. In this paper, we review the governing mathematical models of the physicochemical life cycle of a bubble in an electrolytic medium from a multiscale, multiphysics viewpoint. For each phase of the bubble life cycle, the prevailing mathematical formulations are reviewed and compared with particular attention paid to physicochemical processes and the impact the bubble. Through the review of a broad range of models, we provide a compilation of the current state of bubble modeling in electrochemically gas-evolving systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael R. Allshouse
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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40
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Perera RT, Arcadia CE, Rosenstein JK. Probing the nucleation, growth, and evolution of hydrogen nanobubbles at single catalytic sites. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Chen J, Guo L, Hu X, Cao Z, Wang Y. Dynamics of single bubble departure from TiO2 nanorod-array photoelectrode. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Ashassi-Sorkhabi H, Abolghasemi-Fakhri S, Rezaei Moghadam B, Javan H. One step electrochemical route to the fabrication of highly ordered array of cylindrical nano porous structure and its electrocatalytic performance toward efficient hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 515:189-197. [PMID: 29335185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and non-precious metal catalyst is a key factor for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here we report that the fabrication of highly ordered porous arrays of Cu-Zn-Ni alloy has been carried out in a one-step electrochemical route at a constant apparent current density of -3 A·cm-2. The optimum film composition and reactivity of the electrodes for catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction were analyzed by using different current densities, deposition time and bath concentration. For this purpose, onset potentials in linear sweep voltammograms (LSV) were compared. The structure and morphology of nanoporous Cu-Zn-Ni and Cu-Zn alloy were characterized by SEM and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis. The experimental results on the behavior of electrocatalytic activity of prepared alloys showed that the addition of nickel to the alloys improves of the electrocatalytic performance of the electrodes toward HER. In addition, enhancement of electrochemical activity toward hydrogen evolution can be attributed to the large electrochemical active surface area and porous structure of Cu-Zn-Ni alloy. In order to improvement of reaction kinetics, Tafel plots were derived from LSV voltammograms, and the exchange current densities for HER on synthesized electrodes (Cu-Zn and Cu-Zn-Ni alloys) were calculated about 3.2 × 10-5 and 2.1 × 10-3 mA·cm-2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ashassi-Sorkhabi
- Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - S Abolghasemi-Fakhri
- Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - B Rezaei Moghadam
- Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Javan
- Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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43
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German SR, Edwards MA, Ren H, White HS. Critical Nuclei Size, Rate, and Activation Energy of H2 Gas Nucleation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4047-4053. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. German
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Martin A. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Henry S. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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44
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Yang X, Baczyzmalski D, Cierpka C, Mutschke G, Eckert K. Marangoni convection at electrogenerated hydrogen bubbles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11542-11548. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved PTV measurements around a hydrogen bubble growing at a Pt micro-electrode show Marangoni convection in the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegeng Yang
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
- 01314 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Dominik Baczyzmalski
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics
- Universität der Bundeswehr München
- 85577 Neubiberg
- Germany
| | - Christian Cierpka
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics
- Technische Universität Ilmenau
- 98684 Ilmenau
- Germany
| | - Gerd Mutschke
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
- 01314 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
- 01314 Dresden
- Germany
- Institute of Process Engineering
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45
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van der Linde P, Moreno Soto Á, Peñas-López P, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, Lohse D, Gardeniers H, van der Meer D, Fernández Rivas D. Electrolysis-Driven and Pressure-Controlled Diffusive Growth of Successive Bubbles on Microstructured Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12873-12886. [PMID: 29041778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Control over the bubble growth rates forming on the electrodes of water-splitting cells or chemical reactors is critical with respect to the attainment of higher energy efficiencies within these devices. This study focuses on the diffusion-driven growth dynamics of a succession of H2 bubbles generated at a flat silicon electrode substrate. Controlled nucleation is achieved by means of a single nucleation site consisting of a hydrophobic micropit etched within a micrometer-sized pillar. In our experimental configuration of constant-current electrolysis, we identify gas depletion from (i) previous bubbles in the succession, (ii) unwanted bubbles forming on the sidewalls, and (iii) the mere presence of the circular cavity where the electrode is being held. The impact of these effects on bubble growth is discussed with support from numerical simulations. The time evolution of the dimensionless bubble growth coefficient, which is a measure of the overall growth rate of a particular bubble, of electrolysis-generated bubbles is compared to that of CO2 bubbles growing on a similar surface in the presence of a supersaturated solution of carbonated water. For electrolytic bubbles and under the range of current densities considered here (5-15 A/m2), it is observed that H2 bubble successions at large gas-evolving substrates first experience a stagnation regime, followed by a fast increase in the growth coefficient before a steady state is reached. This clearly contradicts the common assumption that constant current densities must yield time-invariant growth rates. Conversely, for the case of CO2 bubbles, the growth coefficient successively decreases for every subsequent bubble as a result of the persistent depletion of dissolved CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Peñas-López
- Fluid Mechanics Group, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid , Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Fluid Mechanics Group, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid , Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés Madrid, Spain
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46
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Eßmann V, Voci S, Loget G, Sojic N, Schuhmann W, Kuhn A. Wireless Light-Emitting Electrochemical Rotors. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4930-4934. [PMID: 28945095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry has been shown to enable and control various kinds of propulsion of nonwired conducting objects: translation, rotation, and levitation. There is a very rapid development in the field of controlled motion combined with other functionalities. Here we integrate two different concepts in one system to generate wireless electrochemical motion of a specifically designed rotor and track its polarization simultaneously by electrochemical light emission. Locally produced hydrogen bubbles at the cathodic pole of the bipolar rotor are the driving force of the motion, whereas [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 and tripropylamine react at the anodic extremity, thus generating an electrochemiluminescence signal with an intensity directly correlated with the orientation of the rotor arms. This allows in a straightforward way the qualitative visualization of the changing interfacial potential differences during rotation and shows for the first time that light emission can be coupled to autonomously rotating bipolar electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Eßmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Silvia Voci
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP , 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Matière Condensée et Systèmes Electroactifs (MaCSE), Université de Rennes 1 , Campus Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP , 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP , 33607 Pessac, France
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47
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Gaw SL, Sarkar S, Nir S, Schnell Y, Mandler D, Xu ZJ, Lee PS, Reches M. Electrochemical Approach for Effective Antifouling and Antimicrobial Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26503-26509. [PMID: 28758735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling, the adsorption of organisms to a surface, is a major problem today in many areas of our lives. This includes: (i) health, as biofouling on medical device leads to hospital-acquired infections, (ii) water, since the accumulation of organisms on membranes and pipes in desalination systems harms the function of the system, and (iii) energy, due to the heavy load of the organic layer that accumulates on marine vessels and causes a larger consumption of fuel. This paper presents an effective electrochemical approach for generating antifouling and antimicrobial surfaces. Distinct from previously reported antifouling or antimicrobial electrochemical studies, we demonstrate the formation of a hydrogen gas bubble layer through the application of a low-voltage square-waveform pulses to the conductive surface. This electrochemically generated gas bubble layer serves as a separation barrier between the surroundings and the target surface where the adhesion of bacteria can be deterred. Our results indicate that this barrier could effectively reduce the adsorption of bacteria to the surface by 99.5%. We propose that the antimicrobial mechanism correlates with the fundamental of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). HER leads to an arid environment that does not allow the existence of live bacteria. In addition, we show that this drought condition kills the preadhered bacteria on the surface due to water stress. This work serves as the basis for the exploration of future self-sustainable antifouling techniques such as incorporating it with photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Long Gaw
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sujoy Sarkar
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sivan Nir
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yafit Schnell
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Daniel Mandler
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Zhichuan J Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Meital Reches
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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48
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Mandel M, Kietov V, Dubberstein T, Krüger L. The Potentiodynamic Polarisation of a High-Alloy Steel—An Analysis by Acoustic Emission Testing and Long-Distance Microscopy. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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50
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Coridan RH, Schichtl ZG, Sun T, Fezzaa K. Inhibition of Tafel Kinetics for Electrolytic Hydrogen Evolution on Isolated Micron Scale Electrocatalysts on Semiconductor Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24612-24620. [PMID: 27575549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-liquid junctions are ubiquitous in photoelectrochemical approaches to artificial photosynthesis. By analogy with the antennae and reaction centers in natural photosynthetic complexes, separating the light-absorbing semiconductor and electrocatalysts can improve catalytic efficiency. A catalytic layer can also impair the photovoltage-generating energetics of the electrode without appropriate microscopic organization of catalytically active area on the surface. Here, we have developed a method using high-speed X-ray phase contrast imaging to study in situ electrolytic bubble growth on semiconductor electrodes fabricated with isolated, micron-scale platinum electrocatalysts. X-rays are a nonperturbative probe by which gas evolution dynamics can be studied under conditions relevant to solar fuels applications. The self-limited growth of a bubble residing on the isolated electrocatalyst was measured by tracking the evolution of the gas-liquid boundary. Contrary to observations on macroscopic electrodes, bubble evolution on isolated, microscopic Pt pads on Si electrodes was insensitive to increasing overpotential. The persistence of the bubble causes mass transport limitations and inhibits the expected Tafel-like kinetics. The observed scaling of catalytic current densities with pad size implies that electrolysis is occurring predominantly on the perimeter of the active area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Coridan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas , CHEM 119, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Zebulon G Schichtl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas , CHEM 119, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Tao Sun
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kamel Fezzaa
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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