1
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Hao T. The empty world - a view from the free volume concept and Eyring's rate process theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39253852 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04611g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The many-body problem is a common issue, irrespective of the scale of entities under consideration. From electrons to atoms, small molecules like simple inorganic or organic structures, large molecules like proteins or polymers, nanometer- or micrometer-sized particles, granular matter, and even galaxies, the precise determination or estimation of geometrical locations and momentum energy of individual entities, and interaction forces between these millions of entities, is impossible but unfortunately important for understanding the collective physical properties like mechanical and electrical characteristics of the whole system. Despite foreseeable difficulties and complexities, attempts to estimate "interparticle" forces have never stopped using traditional Newtonian models, quantum mechanical approaches, and density functional theory. In this review, a simple approach integrating the free volume and Eyring's rate process theory is summarized and its application across a wide range of scales from electrons to the universe is presented in a unified manner. The focus is on comparisons between theoretical predictions and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hao
- 15905 Tanberry Dr, Chino Hills, CA 91709, USA.
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2
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Wood ZA, Castro EC, Nguyen AN, Fieser ME. Conversion of waste poly(vinyl chloride) to branched polyethylene mediated by silylium ions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8766-8774. [PMID: 38873082 PMCID: PMC11168076 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Full dechlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in a controlled manner to yield useful polymeric and chlorinated products is of great interest for the processing of PVC waste. Forming polyethylene (PE) without corrosive by-products would allow for a pre-treatment of PE wastes that are often contaminated with PVC. Herein, full dechlorination of PVC has been achieved via generation of silylium ions in situ, to furnish PE products. Complete dechlorination of PVC can be achieved in 2 hours, yielding organic polymer that has similar spectroscopic and thermal signatures of branched PE, with no observable chlorine. The degree of branching can be tuned between 31 and 57 branches per 1000 carbons, with melting temperatures ranging from 51 to 93 °C. This method is applicable to not only pure PVC, but also commercial PVC products. Depending on if the PVC products are separated from plasticizers, different melting points of the resulting PE are observed. PVC dechlorination in the presence of PE waste is also shown. This is the first report of being able to cleanly convert PVC waste to PE in high yields and tune the thermal properties of the PE product, highlighting the remarkable control that silylium ion mediated transformations enables compared to past chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 91706 USA
| | - Eunice C Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 91706 USA
| | - Angelyn N Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 91706 USA
| | - Megan E Fieser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 91706 USA
- Wrigley Institute for Environment and Sustainability University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 91706 USA
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3
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Schußmann MG, Wilhelm M, Hirschberg V. Predicting maximum strain hardening factor in elongational flow of branched pom-pom polymers from polymer architecture. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3545. [PMID: 38670947 PMCID: PMC11053115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a model-driven predictive scheme for the uniaxial extensional viscosity and strain hardening of branched polymer melts, specifically for the pom-pom architecture, using the small amplitude oscillatory shear mastercurve and the polymer architecture. A pom-pom shaped polymer is the simplest architecture with at least two branching points, needed to induce strain hardening. It consists of two stars, each with q arms of the molecular weightM w , a , connected by a backbone ofM w , b . Despite the pom-pom constitutive model, experimental data of systematic investigations lack due to synthetic complexity. With an optimized approach, we synthesized polystyrene pom-pom model systems with systematically variedM w , a andM w , b . Experimentally, we identify four characteristic strain rate dependent regimes of the extensional viscosity, which can be predicted from the rheological mastercurve. Furthermore, we find that the industrially important maximum strain hardening factor depends only on the arm number by [ q 2 / ln ( 3 q ) ] . This framework offers a model-based design of branched polymers with predictable melt flow behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max G Schußmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valerian Hirschberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
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4
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Strangis G, Labardi M, Gallone G, Milazzo M, Capaccioli S, Forli F, Cinelli P, Berrettini S, Seggiani M, Danti S, Parchi P. 3D Printed Piezoelectric BaTiO 3/Polyhydroxybutyrate Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:193. [PMID: 38391679 PMCID: PMC10886384 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone defects are a significant health problem worldwide. Novel treatment approaches in the tissue engineering field rely on the use of biomaterial scaffolds to stimulate and guide the regeneration of damaged tissue that cannot repair or regrow spontaneously. This work aimed at developing and characterizing new piezoelectric scaffolds to provide electric bio-signals naturally present in bone and vascular tissues. Mixing and extrusion were used to obtain nanocomposites made of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as a matrix and barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles as a filler, at BaTiO3/PHB compositions of 5/95, 10/90, 15/85 and 20/80 (w/w%). The morphological, thermal, mechanical and piezoelectric properties of the nanocomposites were studied. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed good nanoparticle dispersion within the polymer matrix. Considerable increases in the Young's modulus, compressive strength and the piezoelectric coefficient d31 were observed with increasing BaTiO3 content, with d31 = 37 pm/V in 20/80 (w/w%) BaTiO3/PHB. 3D printing was used to produce porous cubic-shaped scaffolds using a 90° lay-down pattern, with pore size ranging in 0.60-0.77 mm and good mechanical stability. Biodegradation tests conducted for 8 weeks in saline solution at 37 °C showed low mass loss (∼4%) for 3D printed scaffolds. The results obtained in terms of piezoelectric, mechanical and chemical properties of the nanocomposite provide a new promising strategy for vascularized bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Strangis
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Milazzo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Capaccioli
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics "Enrico Fermi", University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Parchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Zhang P, Ladelta V, Abou-Hamad E, Müller AJ, Hadjichristidis N. Catalyst switch strategy enabled a single polymer with five different crystalline phases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7559. [PMID: 37985766 PMCID: PMC10662249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-defined multicrystalline multiblock polymers are essential model polymers for advancing crystallization physics, phase separation, self-assembly, and improving the mechanical properties of materials. However, due to different chain properties and incompatible synthetic methodologies, multicrystalline multiblock polymers with more than two crystallites are rarely reported. Herein, by combining polyhomologation, ring-opening polymerization, and catalyst switch strategy, we synthesized a pentacrystalline pentablock quintopolymer, polyethylene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(L-lactide)-b-polyglycolide (PE-b-PEO-b-PCL-b-PLLA-b-PGA). The fluoroalcohol-assisted catalyst switch enables the successful incorporation of a high melting point polyglycolide block into the complex multiblock structure. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed the existence of five different crystalline phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials, Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Gao J, Wang K, Xu N, Li L, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Xiang K, Pang S, Pan L, Li T. Influence of a Multiple Epoxy Chain Extender on the Rheological Behavior, Crystallization, and Mechanical Properties of Polyglycolic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2764. [PMID: 37447410 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of a multiple epoxy chain extender (ADR) on the rheological behavior, crystallization, and mechanical properties of polyglycolic acid (PGA). Tests of the torque and melt mass flow rate and dynamic rheological analysis were conducted to study the rheological behavior of PGA modified with ADR. The rheological results of the modified PGA showed a significantly increased viscosity and storage modulus with an increase in the ADR amount, which could be attributed to the chain extension/branching reactions between PGA and ADR. It was proved that ADR could be used as an efficient chain extender for tailoring the rheological performance of PGA. The Han plot of the modified PGA showed a transition of viscous behavior to elastic behavior, while the ADR content was increased from 0 to 0.9 phr. The formation of long-chain branches (LCBs) was confirmed via the Cole-Cole plot and weighted relaxation spectrum, wherein the LCBs substantially changed the rheological behavior of the modified PGA. The vGP plots predicted a star-type topological structure for the LCBs. The results of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics suggested that the crystallization of the modified PGA was predominantly homogeneous nucleation and three-dimensional growth. The crystallinity decreased slightly with the increase in the ADR amount. Compared to neat PGA, the modified PGA samples exhibited better tensile and flexural performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Nai Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Luyao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kun Xiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sujuan Pang
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lisha Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tan Li
- Shiner National and Local Joint Engineering and Research Center, Shiner Industrial Co., Ltd., Haikou 570228, China
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7
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Yardimci S, Gibaud T, Schwenger W, Sartucci M, Olmsted P, Urbach J, Dogic Z. Bonded straight and helical flagellar filaments form ultra-low-density glasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215766120. [PMID: 37068256 PMCID: PMC10151462 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215766120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We study how the three-dimensional shape of rigid filaments determines the microscopic dynamics and macroscopic rheology of entangled semidilute Brownian suspensions. To control the filament shape we use bacterial flagella, which are microns-long helical or straight filaments assembled from flagellin monomers. We compare the dynamics of straight rods, helical filaments, and shape-diblock copolymers composed of seamlessly joined straight and helical segments. Caged by their neighbors, straight rods preferentially diffuse along their long axis, but exhibit significantly suppressed rotational diffusion. Entangled helical filaments escape their confining tube by corkscrewing through the dense obstacles created by other filaments. By comparison, the adjoining segments of the rod-helix shape-diblocks suppress both the translation and the corkscrewing dynamics. Consequently, the shape-diblock filaments become permanently jammed at exceedingly low densities. We also measure the rheological properties of semidilute suspensions and relate their mechanical properties to the microscopic dynamics of constituent filaments. In particular, rheology shows that an entangled suspension of shape rod-helix copolymers forms a low-density glass whose elastic modulus can be estimated by accounting for how shear deformations reduce the entropic degrees of freedom of constrained filaments. Our results demonstrate that the three-dimensional shape of rigid filaments can be used to design rheological properties of semidilute fibrous suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Yardimci
- The Martin Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02454
- Single Molecule Imaging of Genome Duplication and Maintenance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute,NW1 1ATLondon, UK
| | - Thomas Gibaud
- The Martin Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02454
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique,F-69342Lyon, France
| | - Walter Schwenger
- The Martin Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02454
| | - Matthew R. Sartucci
- Department of Physics Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC20057
| | - Peter D. Olmsted
- Department of Physics Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC20057
| | - Jeffrey S. Urbach
- Department of Physics Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC20057
| | - Zvonimir Dogic
- The Martin Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02454
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
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8
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Li J, Si Z, Shang K, Wu Y, Feng Y, Wang S, Li S. Coupling Effect of LDPE Molecular Chain Structure and Additives on the Rheological Behaviors of Cable Insulating Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081883. [PMID: 37112030 PMCID: PMC10145786 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rheological behaviors of low-density polyethylene doped with additives (PEDA) determine the dynamic extrusion molding and structure of high-voltage cable insulation. However, the coupling effect of additives and molecular chain structure of LDPE on the rheological behaviors of PEDA is still unclear. Here, for the first time, the rheological behaviors of PEDA under uncross-linked conditions are revealed by experiment and simulation analysis, as well as rheology models. The rheology experiment and molecular simulation results indicate that additives can reduce the shear viscosity of PEDA, but the effect degree of different additives on rheological behaviors is determined by both chemical composition and topological structure. Combined with experiment analysis and the Doi-Edwards model, it demonstrates that the zero-shear viscosity is only determined by LDPE molecular chain structure. Nevertheless, different molecular chain structures of LDPE have different coupling effects with additives on the shear viscosity and non-Newtonian feature. Given this, the rheological behaviors of PEDA are predominant by the molecular chain structure of LDPE and are also affected by additives. This work can provide an important theoretical basis for the optimization and regulation of rheological behaviors of PEDA materials used for high-voltage cable insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhicheng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shihang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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9
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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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10
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Hu D, Li W, Wu K, Cui L, Xu Z, Zhao L. Utilization of supercritical CO2 for controlling the crystal phase transition and cell morphology of isotactic polybutene-1 foams. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Sharma H, Rana S, Singh P, Hayashi M, Binder WH, Rossegger E, Kumar A, Schlögl S. Self-healable fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites: overview and future prospects. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32569-32582. [PMID: 36425695 PMCID: PMC9661690 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve sustainable development goals, approaches towards the preparation of recyclable and healable polymeric materials is highly attractive. Self-healing polymers and thermosets based on bond-exchangeable dynamic covalent bonds, so called "vitrimers" could be a great effort in this direction. In order to match the industrial importance, enhancement of mechanical strength without sacrificing the bond exchange capability is a challenging issue, however, such concerns can be overcome through the developments of fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites. This article covers the outstanding features of fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites, including their reprocessing, recycling and self-healing properties, together with practical applications and future perspectives of this unique class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Sharma
- University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), School of Engineering Energy Acres, Bidholi Dehradun 248007 India
| | - Sravendra Rana
- University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), School of Engineering Energy Acres, Bidholi Dehradun 248007 India
| | - Poonam Singh
- University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), School of Engineering Energy Acres, Bidholi Dehradun 248007 India
| | - Mikihiro Hayashi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Elisabeth Rossegger
- Chemistry of Functional Polymers, Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Roseggerstraße 12 A-8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Ajay Kumar
- University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), School of Engineering Energy Acres, Bidholi Dehradun 248007 India
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Chemistry of Functional Polymers, Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Roseggerstraße 12 A-8700 Leoben Austria
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12
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Usanase G, Fraisse F, Taam M, Boyron O. Determination of Short Chain Branching in LLDPE by Rheology. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisèle Usanase
- Univ. Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5128, Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerisation, Processes and Materials (CP2M) Université de Lyon Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne 69100 France
| | | | - Manel Taam
- Univ. Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5128, Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerisation, Processes and Materials (CP2M) Université de Lyon Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne 69100 France
| | - Olivier Boyron
- Univ. Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5128, Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerisation, Processes and Materials (CP2M) Université de Lyon Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne 69100 France
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13
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Sheiko SS, Vashahi F, Morgan BJ, Maw M, Dashtimoghadam E, Fahimipour F, Jacobs M, Keith AN, Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani M, Dobrynin AV. Mechanically Diverse Gels with Equal Solvent Content. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:845-852. [PMID: 35756385 PMCID: PMC9228556 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically diverse polymer gels are commonly integrated into biomedical devices, soft robots, and tissue engineering scaffolds to perform distinct yet coordinated functions in wet environments. Such multigel systems are prone to volume fluctuations and shape distortions due to differential swelling driven by osmotic solvent redistribution. Living systems evade these issues by varying proximal tissue stiffness at nearly equal water concentration. However, this feature is challenging to replicate with synthetic gels: any alteration of cross-link density affects both the gel's swellability and mechanical properties. In contrast to the conventional coupling of physical properties, we report a strategy to tune the gel modulus independent of swelling ratio by regulating network strand flexibility with brushlike polymers. Chemically identical gels were constructed with a broad elastic modulus range at a constant solvent fraction by utilizing multidimensional network architectures. The general design-by-architecture framework is universally applicable to both organogels and hydrogels and can be further adapted to different practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Farahnaz Fahimipour
- Department of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | - Andrew N. Keith
- Department of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | - Andrey V. Dobrynin
- Department of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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14
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Parisi D, Coppola S, Righi S, Gagliardi G, Grasso FS, Bacchelli F. ALTERNATIVE USE OF THE SENTMANAT EXTENSIONAL RHEOMETER TO INVESTIGATE THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF INDUSTRIAL RUBBERS AT VERY LARGE DEFORMATIONS. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.21.77948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Extensional deformations represent an effective stimulus to explore the rich rheological response of branched polymers and elastomers, enabling the design of polymers with specific molecular structure. However, probing the polymer behavior at large deformations is often limited by the experimental devices. We here present an alternative use of the Sentmanat Extensional Rheometer (SER) that allows Hencky strain units much larger than the maximum value achievable, ∼3.6. The proposed procedure consists of an oblique positioning of the sample in the measuring area. If a small inclination of the sample is used, the departure from the ideal uniaxial flow is negligible at Hencky strains <1, and nearly zero for larger values. Experimental results in the linear viscoelastic regime are compared with the double reptation model in order to discern polydispersity and branching effects, whereas the extensional rheology data are contrasted with the molecular stress function theory (MSF), revealing important information about the polymer structure, especially on the long-chain branching (LCB). Finally, the analysis of sample failure upon elongation allowed us to correlate the polymer structure to the rheological behavior during mixing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Parisi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Coppola
- Ravenna/Ferrara Research Center, Versalis S.p.A. (Eni), Ravenna, Italy
| | - Sandra Righi
- Ravenna/Ferrara Research Center, Versalis S.p.A. (Eni), Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gagliardi
- Ravenna/Ferrara Research Center, Versalis S.p.A. (Eni), Ravenna, Italy
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15
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Kitphaitun S, Takeshita H, Nomura K. Analysis of Ethylene Copolymers with Long-Chain α-Olefins (1-Dodecene, 1-Tetradecene, 1-Hexadecene): A Transition between Main Chain Crystallization and Side Chain Crystallization. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6900-6910. [PMID: 35252682 PMCID: PMC8892485 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of ethylene copolymers with long-chain α-olefins [LCAOs, 1-dodecene (DD), 1-tetradecene (TD), 1-hexadecene (HD)] and various LCAO contents were prepared, and their thermal properties, including effects of LCAO content and side chain length, were explored. The Cp*TiCl2(O-2,6- i Pr2-4-SiEt3-C6H2)-MAO catalyst system afforded rather high-molecular-weight copolymers with unimodal molecular weight distributions and uniform compositions (confirmed by DSC thermograms). In addition to the melting temperatures (T m values) corresponding to the so-called main chain crystallization (samples with low LCAO contents, the T m value decreased upon increasing the LCAO content) and the side chain crystallization [polymer samples with high LCAO contents, by intermolecular interaction of side chains as observed in poly(DD), poly(TD), and poly(HD)], the other T m value was observed, especially in poly(ethylene-co-HD)s (assumed to be due to co-crystallization of the branch and the main chain through an interaction of the main chain and the long side chains). The presence of another crystalline phase in poly(ethylene-co-HD)s was also suggested by a wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis. These T m values in poly(ethylene-co-TD)s and poly(ethylene-co-DD)s with rather high TD or DD contents were affected by the heating conditions in the measurement of DSC thermograms (5 or 10 °C/min), suggesting that the driving force for formation of the crystal packing (observed as T m) is weak and affected by the alkyl side chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphitchaya Kitphaitun
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeshita
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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16
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Haque FM, Ishibashi JSA, Lidston CAL, Shao H, Bates FS, Chang AB, Coates GW, Cramer CJ, Dauenhauer PJ, Dichtel WR, Ellison CJ, Gormong EA, Hamachi LS, Hoye TR, Jin M, Kalow JA, Kim HJ, Kumar G, LaSalle CJ, Liffland S, Lipinski BM, Pang Y, Parveen R, Peng X, Popowski Y, Prebihalo EA, Reddi Y, Reineke TM, Sheppard DT, Swartz JL, Tolman WB, Vlaisavljevich B, Wissinger J, Xu S, Hillmyer MA. Defining the Macromolecules of Tomorrow through Synergistic Sustainable Polymer Research. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6322-6373. [PMID: 35133803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming how plastics are made, unmade, and remade through innovative research and diverse partnerships that together foster environmental stewardship is critically important to a sustainable future. Designing, preparing, and implementing polymers derived from renewable resources for a wide range of advanced applications that promote future economic development, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability are all central to these efforts. In this Chemical Reviews contribution, we take a comprehensive, integrated approach to summarize important and impactful contributions to this broad research arena. The Review highlights signature accomplishments across a broad research portfolio and is organized into four wide-ranging research themes that address the topic in a comprehensive manner: Feedstocks, Polymerization Processes and Techniques, Intended Use, and End of Use. We emphasize those successes that benefitted from collaborative engagements across disciplinary lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farihah M Haque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jacob S A Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Claire A L Lidston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alice B Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul J Dauenhauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ethan A Gormong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mengyuan Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hee Joong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J LaSalle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephanie Liffland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bryce M Lipinski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Yutong Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Riffat Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Xiayu Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yanay Popowski
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Emily A Prebihalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daylan T Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeremy L Swartz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William B Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Jane Wissinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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17
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Rheology and Tack Properties of Biodegradable Isodimorphic Poly(Butylene Succinate)-Ran-Poly(e-Caprolactone) Random Copolyesters and Their Potential Use as Adhesives. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030623. [PMID: 35160612 PMCID: PMC8839382 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sole effect of the microstructure of biodegradable isodimorphic poly(butylene succinate)-ran-poly(ε-caprolactone) random copolyesters on their rheological properties is investigated. To avoid the effect of molecular weight and temperature, two rheological procedures are considered: the activation energy of flow, Ea, and the phase angle versus complex modulus plots. An unexpected variation of both parameters with copolyester composition is observed, with respective maximum and minimum values for the 50/50 composition. This might be due to the peculiar chain configurations of the copolymers that vary as a function of comonomer distribution within the chains. The same chain configuration variations are responsible for the isodimorphic character of the copolymers in the crystalline state. Tack tests, performed to study the viability of the copolyesters as environmentally friendly hot melt adhesives (HMA), reveal a correlation with rheological results. Tackiness parameters, particularly the energy of adhesion obtained from stress-strain curves during debonding experiments, are enhanced as melt elasticity increases. Based on the carried-out analysis, the link microstructure-rheology-tackiness is established, allowing selecting the best performing HMA sample considering the polymer chemistry of the system.
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18
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang W, Pi H. Rheological behavior of polyvinyl chloride‐
g‐diallyl
phthalate resin. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Xu
- Polymer Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Wang
- Polymer Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Polymer Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Polymer Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Pi
- Polymer Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
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19
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Interfacial interaction in polypropylene-natural rubber blends: role of natural rubber on morphological, rheological, and mechanical evolution. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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A general cocatalyst strategy for performance enhancement in nickel catalyzed ethylene (co)polymerization. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Engineering of polybutylene succinate with long-chain branching toward high foamability and degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203531. [PMID: 34685290 PMCID: PMC8540998 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The recyclability of opaque PET, which contains TiO2 nanoparticles, has not been as well-studied as that of transparent PET. The objective of this work is to recycle post-consumer opaque PET through reactive extrusion with Joncryl. The effect of the reactive extrusion process on the molecular structure and on the thermal/mechanical/rheological properties of recycling post-consumer opaque PET (r-PET) has been analyzed. A 1% w/w Joncryl addition caused a moderate increase in the molecular weight. A moderate increase in chain length could not explain a decrease in the overall crystallization rate. This result is probably due to the presence of branches interrupting the crystallizable sequences in reactive extruded r-PET (REX-r-PET). A rheological investigation performed by SAOS/LAOS/elongational studies detected important structural modifications in REX-r-PET with respect to linear r-PET or a reference virgin PET. REX-r-PET is characterized by a slow relaxation process with enlarged elastic behaviors that are characteristic of a long-chain branched material. The mechanical properties of REX-r-PET increased because of the addition of the chain extender without a significant loss of elongation at the break. The reactive extrusion process is a suitable way to recycle opaque PET into a material with enhanced rheological properties (thanks to the production of a chain extension and long-chain branches) with mechanical properties that are comparable to those of a typical virgin PET sample.
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23
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Hallstein J, Gomoll A, Lieske A, Büsse T, Balko J, Brüll R, Malz F, Metzsch‐Zilligen E, Pfaendner R, Zehm D. Unraveling the cause for the unusual processing behavior of commercial partially bio‐based poly(butylene succinates) and their stabilization. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Hallstein
- Research Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - André Gomoll
- Research Division Synthesis and Polymer Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam‐Golm Germany
| | - Antje Lieske
- Research Division Synthesis and Polymer Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam‐Golm Germany
| | - Thomas Büsse
- Research Division Synthesis and Polymer Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam‐Golm Germany
| | - Jens Balko
- Research Division Synthesis and Polymer Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam‐Golm Germany
| | - Robert Brüll
- Research Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Frank Malz
- Research Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Elke Metzsch‐Zilligen
- Research Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rudolf Pfaendner
- Research Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Daniel Zehm
- Research Division Synthesis and Polymer Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Potsdam‐Golm Germany
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24
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Hassan F, Entezam M. Irradiation processing of immiscible
PP
/
EOC
blend: Morphology control and processability modification. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Yazd University Yazd Iran
| | - Mehdi Entezam
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Yazd University Yazd Iran
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25
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Tsai CY, Chang CS, Sue HJ. Quantification of Long-Chain Branching Molar Fraction in Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Tsai
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Chao-Shun Chang
- Technical Department of Polypropylene Division, Formosa Plastics Corporation, Kaohsiung 832, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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26
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Rheological properties of high-density polyethylene/linear low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Rheological Behavior of Blends of Metallocene Catalyzed Long-Chain Branched Polyethylenes. Part I: Shear Rheological and Thermorheological Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030328. [PMID: 33498543 PMCID: PMC7864184 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain branched metallocene-catalyzed high-density polyethylenes (LCB-mHDPE) were solution blended to obtain blends with varying degrees of branching. A high molecular LCB-mHDPE was mixed with low molecular LCB-mHDPE at varying concentrations. The rheological behavior of those low molecular LCB-mHDPE is similar but their molar mass and molar mass distribution are significantly different. Those blends were characterized rheologically to study the effects of concentration, molar mass distribution, and long-chain branching level of the low molecular LCB-mHDPE. Owing to the ultra-long relaxation times of the high molecular LCB-mHDPE, the blends exhibited a clearly more long-chain branched behavior than the base materials. The thermorheological complexity analysis showed an apparent increase in the activation energies Ea determined from G′, G″, and especially δ. Ea(δ), which for LCB-mHDPE is a peak function, turned out to produce even more pronounced peaks than observed for LCB-mPE with narrow molar mass distribution and also LCB-mPE with broader molar mass distribution. Thus, it is possible to estimate the molar mass distribution from the details of the thermorheological complexity.
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28
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High performance branched poly(lactide) induced by reactive extrusion with low-content cyclic organic peroxide and multifunctional acrylate coagents. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Ntetsikas K, Zapsas G, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Feng X, Thomas EL, Hadjichristidis N. Complex Star Architectures of Well-Defined Polyethylene-Based Co/Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Zapsas
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Alexandris S, Peponaki K, Petropoulou P, Sakellariou G, Vlassopoulos D. Linear Viscoelastic Response of Unentangled Polystyrene Bottlebrushes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Alexandris
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Peponaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Petropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
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31
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32
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Taheri AR, Najafi M, Motahari S. A New Monte Carlo Simulation of Low-Density-Polyethylene Polymerization for Prediction of its Microstructure as a Result of Various Process Conditions. J MACROMOL SCI B 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2020.1743013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Taheri
- Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Motahari
- Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Sgouros AP, Theodorou DN. Atomistic simulations of long-chain polyethylene melts flowing past gold surfaces: structure and wall-slip. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1706775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Sgouros
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
| | - D. N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
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34
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Li S, Zhu Y, Liang H, Xie X, Zhan Y, Liang G, Zhu F. The influences of electronic effect and isomerization of salalen titanium(iv) complexes on ethylene polymerization in the presence of methylaluminoxane. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41824-41831. [PMID: 35541601 PMCID: PMC9076524 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08899g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, two salalen titanium(iv) complexes were synthesized and characterized. These complexes coexisted as two isomers in certain conditions and underwent isomerization, as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the molar ratio of the two isomers ranged from 100 : 15 at 30 °C to 100 : 34 at 120 °C, driven by thermal energy, based on variable temperature 1H NMR characterization. Both complexes were employed as catalysts for ethylene polymerization in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO). The influence of the electronic effects of different substituent groups at the ortho position of the phenolate on ethylene polymerization behaviors, molecular weight and molecular weight distributions of the resulting polyethylene was investigated. The fluorinated salalen titanium(iv) complex revealed relatively high catalytic activity and thermal stability owing to the electron-withdrawing inductive effect. Moreover, disentangled linear polyethylene with ultrahigh molecular weight (M w up to 3000 kDa) and narrow molecular weight distribution (M w/M n ∼ 2) was obtained in the polymerization temperature range of 30 °C to 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Li
- PCFM and GDHPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 China +86-20-84114033 +86-20-84113250
| | - Yuqiong Zhu
- PCFM and GDHPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 China +86-20-84114033 +86-20-84113250
| | - Huaqing Liang
- PCFM and GDHPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 China +86-20-84114033 +86-20-84113250
| | - Xiuli Xie
- PCFM and GDHPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 China +86-20-84114033 +86-20-84113250
| | - Yipeng Zhan
- PCFM and GDHPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 China +86-20-84114033 +86-20-84113250
| | - Guodong Liang
- PCFM and GDHPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 China +86-20-84114033 +86-20-84113250
| | - Fangming Zhu
- PCFM and GDHPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 China +86-20-84114033 +86-20-84113250.,PCFM and GDHPPC Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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35
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Zou C, Chen C. Polar‐Functionalized, Crosslinkable, Self‐Healing, and Photoresponsive Polyolefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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36
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Zou C, Chen C. Polar‐Functionalized, Crosslinkable, Self‐Healing, and Photoresponsive Polyolefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:395-402. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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37
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Hawke LGD, Romano D, Rastogi S. Nonequilibrium Melt State of Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene: A Theoretical Approach on the Equilibrium Process. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence G. D. Hawke
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dario Romano
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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38
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Liang H, Wang Z, Dobrynin AV. Scattering from Melts of Combs and Bottlebrushes: Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Theoretical Study. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heyi Liang
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Zilu Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Andrey V. Dobrynin
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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39
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Abbasi M, Faust L, Wilhelm M. Comb and Bottlebrush Polymers with Superior Rheological and Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806484. [PMID: 30790370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Comb and bottlebrush polymers present a wide range of rheological and mechanical properties that can be controlled through their molecular characteristics, such as the backbone and side chain lengths as well as the number of branches per molecule or the grafting density. This review investigates the impact of these characteristics specifically on the zero shear viscosity, strain hardening behavior, and plateau shear modulus. It is shown that for a comb polymer with an entangled backbone and entangled side chains, a maximum in the strain hardening factor and minimum in the zero shear viscosity η0 can be achieved through selection of an optimum number of branches q. Bottlebrush polymers with flexible filaments and extremely low plateau shear moduli relative to linear polymers open the door for a new class of solvent-free supersoft elastomers, where their network modulus can be controlled through both the degree of polymerization between crosslinks, nx , and the length of the side chains, nsc , with G B B 0 ≈ ρ k T n x - 1 ( n s c + 1 ) - 1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abbasi
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lorenz Faust
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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40
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Huang Y, Gohs U, Müller MT, Zschech C, Wiessner S. Evaluation of electron beam‐induced crosslinking of poly(ε‐caprolactone)—Effect of elevated temperatures. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Strasse 6, D‐01069, Dresden Germany
- Institut für WerkstoffwissenschaftTechnische Universität D‐01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Uwe Gohs
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer TechnologyTechnische Universität D‐01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Thomas Müller
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Strasse 6, D‐01069, Dresden Germany
| | - Carsten Zschech
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Strasse 6, D‐01069, Dresden Germany
| | - Sven Wiessner
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Strasse 6, D‐01069, Dresden Germany
- Institut für WerkstoffwissenschaftTechnische Universität D‐01069 Dresden Germany
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41
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Weinmann S, Bonten C. Thermal and rheological properties of modified polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Weinmann
- Institut für KunststofftechnikUniversity of Stuttgart Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Christian Bonten
- Institut für KunststofftechnikUniversity of Stuttgart Stuttgart 70569 Germany
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42
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Liang H, Morgan BJ, Xie G, Martinez MR, Zhulina EB, Matyjaszewski K, Sheiko SS, Dobrynin AV. Universality of the Entanglement Plateau Modulus of Comb and Bottlebrush Polymer Melts. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heyi Liang
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ekaterina B. Zhulina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Dobrynin
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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43
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Phulkerd P, Nakabayashi T, Iwasaki S, Yamaguchi M. Enhancement of drawdown force in polypropylene containing nucleating agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panitha Phulkerd
- School of Materials ScienceJapan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1‐1 Asahidai, Nomi Ishikawa 923‐1292 Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakabayashi
- School of Materials ScienceJapan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1‐1 Asahidai, Nomi Ishikawa 923‐1292 Japan
| | - Shohei Iwasaki
- New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. 13 Yoshijima, Yaguracho, Fushimi, Kyoto 612‐8224 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- School of Materials ScienceJapan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1‐1 Asahidai, Nomi Ishikawa 923‐1292 Japan
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44
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Kruse M, Wang P, Shah RS, Wagner MH. Analysis of high melt‐strength poly(ethylene terephthalate) produced by reactive processing by shear and elongational rheology. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kruse
- Polymer Engineering/Polymer PhysicsBerlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin) D‐10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Peng Wang
- Polymer Engineering/Polymer PhysicsBerlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin) D‐10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Rajas Sudhir Shah
- Polymer Engineering/Polymer PhysicsBerlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin) D‐10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Manfred H. Wagner
- Polymer Engineering/Polymer PhysicsBerlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin) D‐10623 Berlin Germany
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45
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Jacobs M, Liang H, Pugnet B, Dobrynin AV. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Surface and Interfacial Tension of Graft Polymer Melts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12974-12981. [PMID: 30350680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the surface properties of polymer melts is crucial for designing new polymeric coatings, adhesives, and composites. Here, we study the effect of molecular architecture on surface and interfacial tension of melts of graft and linear polymers by molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, we elucidate the effect of the degree of polymerization of the side chains nsc and their grafting density 1/ ng on the surface tension of the graft polymer/vacuum interface, γG, and the interfacial tension of the interface between graft and linear polymer melts, γGL. For the case of the graft polymer/vacuum interface, our simulations confirm that the surface tension is a linear function of the fraction of the backbone ends fbe and side chain ends fse, γG = γ∞ - γbe fbe - Δγ fse, where γ∞ is the surface tension of the system of graft polymers with infinite molecular weight and γbe and Δγ are surface tension contributions from backbone ends and difference between contributions coming from the side chain ends and grafting points, respectively. This dependence of the surface tension highlights the entropic origin of the surface tension corrections associated with the redistribution of the grafting points and ends at the interface. However, the interfacial tension of the interface between graft and linear polymer melts does not show any significant dependence on the molecular structure of the graft polymers, thus pointing out the dominance of enthalpic contribution to the interfacial tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jacobs
- Department of Polymer Science , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Heyi Liang
- Department of Polymer Science , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Brandon Pugnet
- Department of Physics , Lafayette College , Easton , Pennsylvania 18045 , United States
| | - Andrey V Dobrynin
- Department of Polymer Science , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
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46
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Liu L, den Otter WK, Briels WJ. Coarse-Grained Simulations of Three-Armed Star Polymer Melts and Comparison with Linear Chains. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10210-10218. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | | | - Wim J. Briels
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, ICS 3, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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47
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Zhao H, Zhang Q, Ali S, Li L, Lv F, Ji Y, Su F, Meng L, Li L. A real-time WAXS and SAXS study of the structural evolution of LLDPE bubble. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Qianlei Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Samard Ali
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Lifu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Fei Lv
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Youxin Ji
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Fengmei Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Lingpu Meng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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48
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You X, Snowdon MR, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Biobased Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Poly(lactic acid) Blends Tailored with Epoxide Compatibilizers. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11759-11769. [PMID: 31459269 PMCID: PMC6645286 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To increase the biobased content of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), up to 30 wt % poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was blended with PET using twin-screw compounding and injection molding processes. Multifunctional epoxide compatibilizers including a chain extender and an impact toughening agent were used as blend modifiers to improve the poor mechanical properties of PET/PLA blends. The mechanical and thermodynamic performances were investigated along with the morphological features through scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and interfacial tension determination. From rheological and differential scanning calorimetry results, it was observed that the molecular weight of both PET and PLA increased with compatibilizers because of epoxide reactions. The toughening agent, poly(ethylene-n-butylene-acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (EBA-GMA), provided a 292% increase in impact strength over the blend but reduced modulus by 25%. In contrast, 0.7 phr addition of the chain extender, poly(styrene-acrylic-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (SA-GMA), yielded comparable performance to that of neat PET without sacrificing the tensile and flexural properties. When both compatibilizers were present in the blend, the mechanical properties remained relatively unaltered or decreased with increasing EBA-GMA content. The differences in mechanical performance observed were considered in relation to the strengthening mechanism of the two differing compatibilizers and their effects on the miscibility of the blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu You
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre (BDDC), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, 117 Reynolds Walk, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y4
- Department
of Bio-Resources Chemical & Material Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Longshuo Road, Weiyang District, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael R. Snowdon
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre (BDDC), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, 117 Reynolds Walk, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y4
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, 80 South Ring
Road E, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y4
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre (BDDC), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, 117 Reynolds Walk, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y4
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, 80 South Ring
Road E, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y4
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre (BDDC), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, 117 Reynolds Walk, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y4
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, 80 South Ring
Road E, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y4
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49
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Wijesinghe S, Perahia D, Grest GS. Polymer Topology Effects on Dynamics of Comb Polymer Melts. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidath Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Dvora Perahia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Gary S. Grest
- Sandia
National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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50
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Snowdon M, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Effect of Compatibilization on Biobased Rubber-Toughened Poly(trimethylene terephthalate): Miscibility, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7300-7309. [PMID: 31458890 PMCID: PMC6644667 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of partially biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) elastomeric blends was done via melt processing. Both natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized NR (ENR) were investigated as impact modifiers at 40 wt % loading to avoid lowering the overall biobased content of the blend system below that of the PTT alone (35% renewable content), along with maleated polybutadiene rubber (MR) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as reactive compatibilizers. The compatibility of the blend components was investigated using contact angle, rheometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The interfacial tensions and work of adhesions indicated that ENR was more miscible than NR in the PTT blend system, which was corroborated by the higher shear viscosity of the ENR blends and strong shear thinning behavior. Additionally, the predictive modeling of viscosity ratios on the elastomer-thermoplastic morphology was found to match the SEM micrographs with the dispersed elastomeric phase within the PTT matrix. The SEM images of the blends also establish that both the compatibilizers reduced the rubber inclusions size, though DCP hampered the impact performance as compared to the MR. In the presence of the MR, there was an increased cross-linking and observed variation in the Fourier transform infrared peaks demonstrating chemical interactions between the maleic anhydride groups with the PTT that allowed for the impact strength to reach 137 J·m-1 or 4.5 times that of the neat PTT, with the modulus of toughness increased by 82% and an elongation at yield of 50% because of the flexibility and amorphous nature of the rubber constituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
R. Snowdon
- School
of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University
of Guelph, 80 South Ring
Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 1Y4, Canada
- Bioproducts
Discovery & Development Centre (BDDC), Department of Plant Agriculture,
Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 117 Reynolds Walk, Guelph, Ontario N1G 1Y4, Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- School
of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University
of Guelph, 80 South Ring
Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 1Y4, Canada
- Bioproducts
Discovery & Development Centre (BDDC), Department of Plant Agriculture,
Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 117 Reynolds Walk, Guelph, Ontario N1G 1Y4, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- School
of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University
of Guelph, 80 South Ring
Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 1Y4, Canada
- Bioproducts
Discovery & Development Centre (BDDC), Department of Plant Agriculture,
Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 117 Reynolds Walk, Guelph, Ontario N1G 1Y4, Canada
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