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Persson I, Laval H, Chambon S, Bonfante G, Hirakawa K, Wantz G, Watts B, Marcus MA, Xu X, Ying L, Lakhwani G, Andersson MR, Cairney JM, Holmes NP. Sub-4 nm mapping of donor-acceptor organic semiconductor nanoparticle composition. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6126-6142. [PMID: 36939532 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00839h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, sub-4 nm mapping of donor : acceptor nanoparticle composition in eco-friendly colloidal dispersions for organic electronics. Low energy scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping has revealed the internal morphology of organic semiconductor donor : acceptor blend nanoparticles at the sub-4 nm level. A unique element was available for utilisation as a fingerprint element to differentiate donor from acceptor material in each blend system. Si was used to map the location of donor polymer PTzBI-Si in PTzBI-Si:N2200 nanoparticles, and S (in addition to N) was used to map donor polymer TQ1 in TQ1:PC71BM nanoparticles. For select material blends, synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), was demonstrated to remain as the superior chemical contrast technique for mapping organic donor : acceptor morphology, including for material combinations lacking a unique fingerprint element (e.g. PTQ10:Y6), or systems where the unique element is in a terminal functional group (unsaturated, dangling bonds) and can hence be easily damaged under the electron beam, e.g. F on PTQ10 donor polymer in the PTQ10:IDIC donor : acceptor blend. We provide both qualitative and quantitative compositional mapping of organic semiconductor nanoparticles with STEM EDX, with sub-domains resolved in nanoparticles as small as 30 nm in diameter. The sub-4 nm mapping technology reported here shows great promise for the optimisation of organic semiconductor blends for applications in organic electronics (solar cells and bioelectronics) and photocatalysis, and has further applications in organic core-shell nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingemar Persson
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Thin Film Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hugo Laval
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Sylvain Chambon
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (IRL2820), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Gwenael Bonfante
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (IRL2820), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hirakawa
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (IRL2820), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, F-33405 Talence, France
| | | | - Matthew A Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Girish Lakhwani
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Julie M Cairney
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natalie P Holmes
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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2
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Ferretti AM, Diterlizzi M, Porzio W, Giovanella U, Ganzer L, Virgili T, Vohra V, Arias E, Moggio I, Scavia G, Destri S, Zappia S. Rod-Coil Block Copolymer: Fullerene Blend Water-Processable Nanoparticles: How Molecular Structure Addresses Morphology and Efficiency in NP-OPVs. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010084. [PMID: 35010034 PMCID: PMC8746663 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of water-processable nanoparticles (WPNPs) is an emerging strategy for the processing of organic semiconducting materials into aqueous medium, dramatically reducing the use of chlorinated solvents and enabling the control of the nanomorphology in OPV active layers. We studied amphiphilic rod-coil block copolymers (BCPs) with a different chemical structure and length of the hydrophilic coil blocks. Using the BCPs blended with a fullerene acceptor material, we fabricated NP-OPV devices with a sustainable approach. The goal of this work is to clarify how the morphology of the nanodomains of the two active materials is addressed by the hydrophilic coil molecular structures, and in turn how the design of the materials affects the device performances. Exploiting a peculiar application of TEM, EFTEM microscopy on WPNPs, with the contribution of AFM and spectroscopic techniques, we correlate the coil structure with the device performances, demonstrating the pivotal influence of the chemical design over material properties. BCP5, bearing a coil block of five repeating units of 4-vinilpyridine (4VP), leads to working devices with efficiency comparable to the solution-processed ones for the multiple PCBM-rich cores morphology displayed by the blend WPNPs. Otherwise, BCP2 and BCP15, with 2 and 15 repeating units of 4VP, respectively, show a single large PCBM-rich core; the insertion of styrene units into the coil block of BCP100 is detrimental for the device efficiency, even if it produces an intermixed structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ferretti
- Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sezione Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (S.Z.)
| | - Marianna Diterlizzi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - William Porzio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)—CNR, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)—CNR, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Varun Vohra
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-858, Japan;
| | - Eduardo Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (E.A.); (I.M.)
| | - Ivana Moggio
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (E.A.); (I.M.)
| | - Guido Scavia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvia Destri
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Stefania Zappia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (S.Z.)
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3
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Sickinger A, Mecking S. Origin of the Anisotropy and Structure of Ellipsoidal Poly(fluorene) Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sickinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
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4
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Holmes A, Deniau E, Lartigau-Dagron C, Bousquet A, Chambon S, Holmes NP. Review of Waterborne Organic Semiconductor Colloids for Photovoltaics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3927-3959. [PMID: 33620200 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of carbon neutral and sustainable energy sources should be considered as a top priority solution for the growing worldwide energy demand. Photovoltaics are a strong candidate, more specifically, organic photovoltaics (OPV), enabling the design of flexible, lightweight, semitransparent, and low-cost solar cells. However, the active layer of OPV is, for now, mainly deposited from chlorinated solvents, harmful for the environment and for human health. Active layers processed from health and environmentally friendly solvents have over recent years formed a key focus topic of research, with the creation of aqueous dispersions of conjugated polymer nanoparticles arising. These nanoparticles are formed from organic semiconductors (molecules and macromolecules) initially designed for organic solvents. The topic of nanoparticle OPV has gradually garnered more attention, up to a point where in 2018 it was identified as a "trendsetting strategy" by leaders in the international OPV research community. Hence, this review has been prepared to provide a timely roadmap of the formation and application of aqueous nanoparticle dispersions of active layer components for OPV. We provide a thorough synopsis of recent developments in both nanoprecipitation and miniemulsion for preparing photovoltaic inks, facilitating readers in acquiring a deep understanding of the crucial synthesis parameters affecting particle size, colloidal concentration, ink stability, and more. This review also showcases the experimental levers for identifying and optimizing the internal donor-acceptor morphology of the nanoparticles, featuring cutting-edge X-ray spectromicroscopy measurements reported over the past decade. The different strategies to improve the incorporation of these inks into OPV devices and to increase their efficiency (to the current record of 7.5%) are reported, in addition to critical design choices of surfactant type and the advantages of single-component vs binary nanoparticle populations. The review naturally culminates by presenting the upscaling strategies in practice for this environmentally friendly and safer production of solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Holmes
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64012, France
| | - Elise Deniau
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64012, France
| | | | - Antoine Bousquet
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64012, France
| | - Sylvain Chambon
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (UMI2820), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Natalie P Holmes
- Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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5
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Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Ghosh G, Patra A. Implications of relaxation dynamics of collapsed conjugated polymeric nanoparticles for light-harvesting applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14549-14563. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the formation of nanoparticles (collapsed state) from the extended state of polymers and their ultrafast excited state relaxation dynamics are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghosh
- School of Materials Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Srijon Ghosh
- School of Materials Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Materials Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Amitava Patra
- School of Materials Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
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6
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Ghazy O, Freisinger B, Lieberwith I, Landfester K. Tuning the size and morphology of P3HT/PCBM composite nanoparticles: towards optimized water-processable organic solar cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22798-22807. [PMID: 33174566 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The function of an organic solar cell relies on making a contact surface between a donor and acceptor material. For efficient conversion of solar energy, this heterojunction must be maximized. Nanoparticulate systems already have a large surface-to-volume ratio per se. We increase the area of the heterojunction even further. Based on the miniemulsion process, colloidal particles are produced that contain both donor and acceptor material. Composite nanoparticles of Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT : PCBM) are prepared via the miniemulsion method. Here, the process parameters are tuned to optimize the efficacy of the composite nanoparticles. Depending on the surfactant concentration, the solvent and the processing temperature, we can tune the particle size and the morphology of the intraparticular heterojunction from Janus type to core-shell structures. Based on these findings, we finally identify the process parameters to achieve optimal solar cell performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma Ghazy
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed Elzomor St, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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7
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Bücker D, Sickinger A, Ruiz Perez JD, Oestringer M, Mecking S, Drescher M. Direct Observation of Chain Lengths and Conformations in Oligofluorene Distributions from Controlled Polymerization by Double Electron–Electron Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1952-1956. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Bücker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Annika Sickinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julian D. Ruiz Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Manuel Oestringer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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8
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Tuncel D. π-Conjugated nanostructured materials: preparation, properties and photonic applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:19-33. [PMID: 36132459 PMCID: PMC9473242 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews recent advances in π-conjugated nanostructures based on conjugated oligomers and polymers, focusing on their preparation, energy transfer abilities, optoelectronic and laser applications, and photophysical properties including light harvesting. This is a rapidly evolving field as these materials are expected to have many important applications in areas such as light-emitting diodes, solid-state lighting, photovoltaics, solid-state lasers, biophotonics, sensing, imaging, photocatalysis, and photodynamic therapy. Other advantages of these materials are their versatility, and consequently, their adaptability to diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dönüs Tuncel
- Department of Chemistry, UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
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9
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Almosni S, Delamarre A, Jehl Z, Suchet D, Cojocaru L, Giteau M, Behaghel B, Julian A, Ibrahim C, Tatry L, Wang H, Kubo T, Uchida S, Segawa H, Miyashita N, Tamaki R, Shoji Y, Yoshida K, Ahsan N, Watanabe K, Inoue T, Sugiyama M, Nakano Y, Hamamura T, Toupance T, Olivier C, Chambon S, Vignau L, Geffroy C, Cloutet E, Hadziioannou G, Cavassilas N, Rale P, Cattoni A, Collin S, Gibelli F, Paire M, Lombez L, Aureau D, Bouttemy M, Etcheberry A, Okada Y, Guillemoles JF. Material challenges for solar cells in the twenty-first century: directions in emerging technologies. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2018; 19:336-369. [PMID: 29707072 PMCID: PMC5917436 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2018.1433439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic generation has stepped up within the last decade from outsider status to one of the important contributors of the ongoing energy transition, with about 1.7% of world electricity provided by solar cells. Progress in materials and production processes has played an important part in this development. Yet, there are many challenges before photovoltaics could provide clean, abundant, and cheap energy. Here, we review this research direction, with a focus on the results obtained within a Japan-French cooperation program, NextPV, working on promising solar cell technologies. The cooperation was focused on efficient photovoltaic devices, such as multijunction, ultrathin, intermediate band, and hot-carrier solar cells, and on printable solar cell materials such as colloidal quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Almosni
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amaury Delamarre
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zacharie Jehl
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Suchet
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Maxime Giteau
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benoit Behaghel
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IPVF, UMR CNRS 9006, Palaiseau, France
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anatole Julian
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Camille Ibrahim
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Léa Tatry
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haibin Wang
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Kubo
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Segawa
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyashita
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Tamaki
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shoji
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Yoshida
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nazmul Ahsan
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Inoue
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sugiyama
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakano
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Hamamura
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), CNRS (UMR 5255), Talence Cédex, France
| | - Thierry Toupance
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), CNRS (UMR 5255), Talence Cédex, France
| | - Céline Olivier
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), CNRS (UMR 5255), Talence Cédex, France
| | - Sylvain Chambon
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | - Laurence Vignau
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | - Camille Geffroy
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, ENSCBP, IPB, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, ENSCBP, IPB, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, ENSCBP, IPB, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Cavassilas
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Rale
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Andrea Cattoni
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Collin
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Lombez
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IPVF, UMR CNRS 9006, Palaiseau, France
| | - Damien Aureau
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Muriel Bouttemy
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Arnaud Etcheberry
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Yoshitaka Okada
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Prunet G, Parrenin L, Pavlopoulou E, Pecastaings G, Brochon C, Hadziioannou G, Cloutet E. Aqueous PCDTBT:PC71
BM Photovoltaic Inks Made by Nanoprecipitation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Prunet
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Laurie Parrenin
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Gilles Pecastaings
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Université de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP); Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) UMR 5629; 16 Avenue Pey-Berland Pessac CEDEX F-33607 France
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11
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Jana B, Ghosh A, Patra A. Photon Harvesting in Conjugated Polymer-Based Functional Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4608-4620. [PMID: 28853893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The design of new generation light-harvesting systems based on conjugated polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) is an emerging field of research to convert solar energy into renewable energy. In this Perspective, we focus on the understanding of the light harvesting processes like exciton dynamics, energy transfer, antenna effect, charge carrier dynamics, and other related processes of conjugated polymer-based functional nanomaterials. Spectroscopic investigations unveil the rotational dynamics of the dye molecules inside of PNPs and exciton dynamics of the self-assembled structures. A detailed understanding of the cascade energy transfer for white light and singlet oxygen generation in multiple fluorophores containing a PNP system by time-resolved spectroscopy is highlighted. Finally, ultrafast spectroscopic investigations provide direct insight into the impacts of electron and hole transfer at the interface in the hybrid materials for photocatalysis and photocurrent generation to construct efficient light-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Jana
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amitava Patra
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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12
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Wang H, Fu Z, Zhao X, Li Y, Li J. Reactive Nanoparticles Compatibilized Immiscible Polymer Blends: Synthesis of Reactive SiO 2 with Long Poly(methyl methacrylate) Chains and the in Situ Formation of Janus SiO 2 Nanoparticles Anchored Exclusively at the Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14358-14370. [PMID: 28379686 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The exclusive location of compatibilizers at the interface of immiscible binary polymer blends to bridge the neighboring phases is the most important issue for fabricating desirable materials with synergistic properties. However, the positional stability of the compatibilizers at the interface remains a challenge in both scientific and technical points of view due to the intrinsic flexibility of compatibilizer molecules against aggressive processing conditions. Herein, taking the typical immiscible poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polylactic acid (PLLA) blend as an example, we demonstrate a novel approach, termed as the interfacial nanoparticle compatibilization (IPC) mechanism, to overcome the challenges by packing nanoparticles thermodynamically at the interface through melt reactive blending. Specifically, we have first synthesized nanosilica with both reactive epoxide groups and long poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) tails, called reactive PMMA-graft-SiO2 (Epoxy-MSiO2), and then incorporated the Epoxy-MSiO2 into the PVDF/PLLA (50/50, w/w) blends by melt blending. PLLA was in situ grafted onto SiO2 by the reaction of the carboxylic acid groups with epoxide groups on the surface of SiO2. Therefore, the reacted SiO2 particles were exclusively located at the interface by the formation of the Janus-faced silica hybrid nanoparticles (JSNp) with pregrafted PMMA tails entangled with PVDF molecular chains in the PVDF phase and the in situ grafted PLLA chains embedded in the PLLA phase. Such JSNp with a distinct hemisphere, functioning as compatibilizer, can not only suppress coalescence of PVDF domains by its steric repulsion but also enhance interfacial adhesion via the selective interactions with the corresponding miscible phase. The interfacial location of JSNp is very stable even under the severe shear field and annealing in the melt. This IPC mechanism paves a new possibility to use the various types of nanoparticles as both effective compatibilizers and functional fillers for immiscible polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengti Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University , No. 16 Xuelin Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiang Fu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University , No. 16 Xuelin Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Zhao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University , No. 16 Xuelin Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P. R. China
| | - Yongjin Li
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University , No. 16 Xuelin Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P. R. China
| | - Jingye Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
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13
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Wu X, Zhang Z, Hang H, Chen Y, Xu Y, Tong H, Wang L. Solution-Processable Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles Based on C
3
h
-Symmetric Benzotrithiophene for Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hao Hang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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14
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Parrenin L, Laurans G, Pavlopoulou E, Fleury G, Pecastaings G, Brochon C, Vignau L, Hadziioannou G, Cloutet E. Photoactive Donor-Acceptor Composite Nanoparticles Dispersed in Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1507-1515. [PMID: 28099813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A major issue that inhibits the large-scale fabrication of organic solar modules is the use of chlorinated solvents considered to be toxic and hazardous. In this work, composite particles of poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole] (PCDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were obtained in water from a versatile and a ready-to-market methodology based on postpolymerization miniemulsification. Depending on the experimental conditions, size-controlled particles comprising both the electron donor and the electron acceptor were obtained and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), UV-visible absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Intimate mixing of the two components was definitely asserted through PCDTBT fluorescence quenching in the composite nanoparticles. The water-based inks were used for the preparation of photovoltaic active layers that were subsequently integrated into organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Parrenin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Gildas Laurans
- Laboratoire IMS, Bordeaux INP, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
- Laboratoire IMS, Université de Bordeaux, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Gilles Pecastaings
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Laurence Vignau
- Laboratoire IMS, Bordeaux INP, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
- Laboratoire IMS, Université de Bordeaux, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
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15
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Jiang Y, McNeill J. Light-Harvesting and Amplified Energy Transfer in Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2016; 117:838-859. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jason McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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16
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Subianto S, Dutta N, Andersson M, Choudhury NR. Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics from water-processable nanomaterials and their facile fabrication approaches. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 235:56-69. [PMID: 27396690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic thin film photovoltaics based on bulk-heterojunction donor-acceptor combinations have received significant interest due to their potential for low-cost, large-scale solution processing. However, current state-of-the-art cells utilise materials soluble mainly in halogenated solvents which pose processing challenges due to their toxicity and thus environmental hazards. In this contribution, we look at various nanomaterials, and alternative processing of these solar cells using environmentally friendly solvents, and review recently reported different strategies and approaches that are making inroads in this field. Specifically, we focus on the use of water-dispersible donors and acceptors, use of aqueous solvents for fabrication and discuss the merits of the two main approaches of water-processable solar cells; namely, through the use of water-soluble materials and the use of aqueous dispersion rather than a solution, as well as review some of the recent advances in alternative fabrication techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Subianto
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Naba Dutta
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, 5095, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Mats Andersson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, 5095, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Australia.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Simanta Kundu
- Department
of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amitava Patra
- Department
of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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18
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Anwar N, Rix A, Lederle W, Kuehne AJC. RGD-decorated conjugated polymer particles as fluorescent biomedical probes prepared by Sonogashira dispersion polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9358-61. [PMID: 25958787 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a facile one-step Sonogashira dispersion polymerization affording monodisperse conjugated polymer particles bearing accessible acetylene moieties on the surface. These acetylene groups are easily functionalized with biological recognition motifs using thiol-yne click chemistry. The resulting functional particles are applied as fluorescent probes for imaging of activated endothelial cells, which take up the particles via receptor mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Anwar
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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19
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Rylene bisimide-based nanoparticles with cross-linked core and thermoresponsive shell using poly(vinyl amine)-based block copolymers. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Mathias F, Fokina A, Landfester K, Tremel W, Schmid F, Char K, Zentel R. Morphology control in biphasic hybrid systems of semiconducting materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:959-83. [PMID: 25737161 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple blends of inorganic nanocrystals and organic (semiconducting) polymers usually lead to macroscopic segregation. Thus, such blends typically exhibit inferior properties than expected. To overcome the problem of segregation, polymer coated nanocrystals (nanocomposites) have been developed. Such nanocomposites are highly miscible within the polymer matrix. In this Review, a summary of synthetic approaches to achieve stable nanocomposites in a semiconducting polymer matrix is presented. Furthermore, a theoretical background as well as an overview concerning morphology control of inorganic NCs in polymer matrices are provided. In addition, the morphologic behavior of highly anisotropic nanoparticles (i.e. liquid crystalline phase formation of nanorod-composites) and branched nanoparticles (spatial orientation of tetrapods) is described. Finally, the morphology requirements for the application of inorganic/organic hybrid systems in light emitting diodes and solar cells are discussed, and potential solutions to achieve the required morphologies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mathias
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana Fokina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmid
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 7, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, Korea.,Fellow of the GFC (Gutenberg Research College), Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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21
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Ghazy OA. Water-Based Blend Nanoparticles of P3HT and PCBM for the Application in Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omayma A. Ghazy
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology; Nasr City Cairo Egypt
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22
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Couto R, Chambon S, Aymonier C, Mignard E, Pavageau B, Erriguible A, Marre S. Microfluidic supercritical antisolvent continuous processing and direct spray-coating of poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles for OFET devices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1008-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time the use of a microfluidic supercritical antisolvent process (μSAS) to synthesize semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (NPs) of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT).
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23
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24
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Gärtner S, Christmann M, Sankaran S, Röhm H, Prinz EM, Penth F, Pütz A, Türeli AE, Penth B, Baumstümmler B, Colsmann A. Eco-friendly fabrication of 4% efficient organic solar cells from surfactant-free P3HT:ICBA nanoparticle dispersions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6653-6657. [PMID: 25186115 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photo-active layers from non-stabilized P3HT:ICBA nanoparticles enable the fabrication of inverted organic solar cells from eco-friendly, alcoholic dispersions. Exhibiting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) ≈4%, the devices are competitive to state-of-the-art P3HT:ICBA solar cells from chlorinated solvents. Upon thermal annealing, the short circuit current density and consequently the PCE of the inverted solar cells improve radically due to a more intimate contact of the nanoparticles and hence an enhanced charge carrier extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gärtner
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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25
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Gehan TS, Bag M, Renna LA, Shen X, Algaier DD, Lahti PM, Russell TP, Venkataraman D. Multiscale active layer morphologies for organic photovoltaics through self-assembly of nanospheres. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5238-5243. [PMID: 25102376 DOI: 10.1021/nl502209s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We address here the need for a general strategy to control molecular assembly over multiple length scales. Efficient organic photovoltaics require an active layer comprised of a mesoscale interconnected networks of nanoscale aggregates of semiconductors. We demonstrate a method, using principles of molecular self-assembly and geometric packing, for controlled assembly of semiconductors at the nanoscale and mesoscale. Nanoparticles of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) or [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were fabricated with targeted sizes. Nanoparticles containing a blend of both P3HT and PCBM were also fabricated. The active layer morphology was tuned by the changing particle composition, particle radii, and the ratios of P3HT:PCBM particles. Photovoltaic devices were fabricated from these aqueous nanoparticle dispersions with comparable device performance to typical bulk-heterojunction devices. Our strategy opens a revolutionary pathway to study and tune the active layer morphology systematically while exercising control of the component assembly at multiple length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Gehan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Bhattacharyya S, Patra A. Interactions of π-conjugated polymers with inorganic nanocrystals. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Ostrowski DP, Vanden Bout DA. Correlation of morphology with photocurrent generation in a polymer blend photovoltaic device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1821-1829. [PMID: 24482361 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Morphological effects on photovoltaic (PV) properties are studied through scanning photocurrent (PC) and photoluminescence (PL) microscopy of a solution processed, polymer blend PV device composed of PFB [poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine] and F8BT [poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole]. As PFB and F8BT have unique absorbance bands, it is possible to selectively excite only F8BT (488 nm) or both PFB and F8BT (408 nm). Local voltage-dependent photocurrent (LVPC) measurements from particular regions of interest in the PV show that the diode characteristics between different morphologies are essentially the same, except in regard to the magnitude of PC generated. A local PL spectrum is measured simultaneously with PC generation at each pixel in the image maps. Through integration of the local PL spectrum over particular wavelength ranges, PL image maps are created of PFB-PL (435 to 475 nm), F8BT-PL (530 to 570 nm), exciplex-PL (620 to 685 nm) and total-PL (entire spectrum). These data allow direct correlation of PC generation with local chemical composition variations within the PV device. PL image maps show morphological variations on the order of 0.5 to 1 µm of alternating PFB-rich and F8BT-rich phases. While illuminating only F8BT (488 nm light), the PFB-rich phases produce the most PC, however, while illuminating both polymers but mostly PFB (408 nm light), the F8BT-rich phases produce the most PC. These results show that in the morphology where the light absorbing material is less concentrated, the PC generation is increased. Additionally, the exciplex-PL is found to not be a significant radiative loss mechanism of charge carriers for PC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Ostrowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Center for Nano and Molecular Science, at The University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall 2.204, 105 E. 24th Street, A5300, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
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Chakraborty C, Layek A, Ray PP, Malik S. Star-shaped polyfluorene: Design, synthesis, characterization and application towards solar cells. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Wu X, Li H, Xu Y, Xu B, Tong H, Wang L. Thin film fabricated from solution-dispersible porous hyperbranched conjugated polymer nanoparticles without surfactants. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2375-2380. [PMID: 24435090 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05402k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Porous hyperbranched conjugated polymer nanoparticles with an average particle size of 20-60 nm and a specific surface area of 225 m(2) g(-1) have been prepared through Suzuki polymerization in a miniemulsion, which could be stably dispersed in common organic solvents after complete removal of surfactants. Furthermore, a simple spin-coating method for the preparation of homogeneous transparent thin films of the nanoparticle has been developed. Bright blue emission of the porous nanoparticle films could be reversibly quenched by nitroaromatics with enhanced sensitivity compared to dense films of the linear conjugated polymer analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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Wu X, Li H, Xu B, Tong H, Wang L. Solution-dispersed porous hyperbranched conjugated polymer nanoparticles for fluorescent sensing of TNT with enhanced sensitivity. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00305e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Gezici Ö, Durmaz İ, Bilget Güven E, Ünal Ö, Özgün A, Cetin-Atalay R, Tuncel D. Dual functionality of conjugated polymer nanoparticles as an anticancer drug carrier and a fluorescent probe for cell imaging. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45120h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Bag M, Gehan TS, Renna LA, Algaier DD, Lahti PM, Venkataraman D. Fabrication conditions for efficient organic photovoltaic cells from aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07463g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the processing conditions for fabricating efficient organic solar cells from aqueous dispersions of conjugated polymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojit Bag
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst, USA
| | | | | | - Dana D. Algaier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst, USA
| | - Paul M. Lahti
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst, USA
| | - D. Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst, USA
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33
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34
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Bag M, Gehan TS, Algaier DD, Liu F, Nagarjuna G, Lahti PM, Russell TP, Venkataraman D. Efficient charge transport in assemblies of surfactant-stabilized semiconducting nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6411-6415. [PMID: 23996540 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport through a semiconducting nanoparticle assembly is demonstrated. The hole mobility of low and high molecular weight and regioreglular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanoparticles is on the order of 2 × 10(-4) to 5 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , which is comparable to drop-cast thin films of pristine P3HT. Various methods are employed to understand the nature and importance of the nanoparticle packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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35
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Chakraborty C, Singh P, Maji SK, Malik S. Conjugated Polyfluorene-based Reversible Fluorescent Sensor for Cu(II) and Cyanide Ions in Aqueous Medium. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sudip Malik
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
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36
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Xie LH, Yang SH, Lin JY, Yi MD, Huang W. Fluorene-based macromolecular nanostructures and nanomaterials for organic (opto)electronics. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120337. [PMID: 24000368 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology not only opens up the realm of nanoelectronics and nanophotonics, but also upgrades organic thin-film electronics and optoelectronics. In this review, we introduce polymer semiconductors and plastic electronics briefly, followed by various top-down and bottom-up nano approaches to organic electronics. Subsequently, we highlight the progress in polyfluorene-based nanoparticles and nanowires (nanofibres), their tunable optoelectronic properties as well as their applications in polymer light-emitting devices, solar cells, field-effect transistors, photodetectors, lasers, optical waveguides and others. Finally, an outlook is given with regard to four-element complex devices via organic nanotechnology and molecular manufacturing that will spread to areas such as organic mechatronics in the framework of robotic-directed science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
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37
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Erdem T, Ibrahimova V, Jeon DW, Lee IH, Tuncel D, Demir HV. Morphology-Dependent Energy Transfer of Polyfluorene Nanoparticles Decorating InGaN/GaN Quantum-Well Nanopillars. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 2013; 117:18613-18619. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404354s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Talha Erdem
- Departments
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry,
UNAM−National Nanotechnology Research Center, and Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Vusala Ibrahimova
- Departments
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry,
UNAM−National Nanotechnology Research Center, and Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Dae-Woo Jeon
- School
of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center of Industrial Technology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- School
of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center of Industrial Technology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dönüs Tuncel
- Departments
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry,
UNAM−National Nanotechnology Research Center, and Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Departments
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry,
UNAM−National Nanotechnology Research Center, and Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and School of Physical and
Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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38
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Bundgaard E, Helgesen M, Carlé JE, Krebs FC, Jørgensen M. Advanced Functional Polymers for Increasing the Stability of Organic Photovoltaics. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Chakraborty C, Sukul PK, Dana K, Malik S. Suppression of Keto Defects and Thermal Stabilities of Polyfluorene–Kaolinite Clay Nanocomposites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Chakraborty
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur,
Kolkata700032, India
| | - Pradip K. Sukul
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur,
Kolkata700032, India
| | - Kausik Dana
- Advanced
Clay and Traditional Ceramics Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S. C. Mullick
Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sudip Malik
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur,
Kolkata700032, India
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40
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Fischer CS, Baier MC, Mecking S. Enhanced brightness emission-tuned nanoparticles from heterodifunctional polyfluorene building blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:1148-54. [PMID: 23272736 DOI: 10.1021/ja311497e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Three-coordinate complexes (bromo)[4-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-phenyl](tri-tert-butyl-phosphine)palladium (1) and (bromo){4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}(tri-tert-butyl-phosphine)palladium (2) were used to initiate Suzuki-Miyaura chain growth polymerization of 7'-bromo-9',9'-dioctyl-fluoren-2'-yl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane (3). The polymerization was optionally terminated by end-capping with red-emitting N-(2-ethylhexyl)-1,6-bis(4-tert-octylphenoxy)-9-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-perylene-3,4-dicarboximide. Heterodisubstituted polyfluorenes of adjustable molecular weights between 5 × 10(3) and 1.0 × 10(4) g mol(-1) and narrow molecular weight distribution (M(w)/M(n) < 1.2), bearing precisely one or two hydroxyl groups on one chain end and optionally a dye-label on the opposite end, were obtained virtually devoid of any side-products. Covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (M(n) = 2 × 10(3) g mol(-1)) to the reactive end groups yielded amphiphilic block copolymer, which afforded stable nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 25-50 nm when dispersed in water. These particles exhibited a bright fluorescence emission with quantum yields as high as Φ = 84%, which could optionally be tuned to longer wavelengths by energy transfer to the perylene monoimide dye. The heterodifunctional nature of these polyfluorenes is crucial for a bright and enduring fluorescence brightness as revealed by comparison to nanoparticles containing physically mixed dye. Further addition of terrylene diimide dye to the nanoparticles of perylene-end-capped polyfluorene block copolymers allows for an energy cascade resulting in emission exclusively in the deep red and near-infrared regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph S Fischer
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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41
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42
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O'Carroll DM, Petoukhoff CE, Kohl J, Yu B, Carter CM, Goodman S. Conjugated polymer-based photonic nanostructures. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Staff RH, Landfester K, Crespy D. Recent Advances in the Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Technique for the Preparation of Nanoparticles and Nanocapsules. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE II 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Nagarjuna G, Baghgar M, Labastide JA, Algaier DD, Barnes MD, Venkataraman D. Tuning aggregation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) within nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:10750-10758. [PMID: 23176297 DOI: 10.1021/nn305207b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles derived from π-conjugated polymers have gained widespread attention as active layer materials in various organic electronics applications. The optoelectronic, charge transfer, and charge transport properties of π-conjugated polymers are intimately connected to the polymer aggregate structure. Herein we show that the internal aggregate structure of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) within polymer nanoparticles can be tuned by solvent composition during nanoparticle fabrication through the miniemulsion process. Using absorption spectra and single-NP photoluminescence decay properties, we show that a solvent mixture consisting of a low boiling good solvent and a high boiling marginal solvent results in polymer aggregate structure with a higher degree of uniformity and structural order. We find that the impact of solvent on the nature of P3HT aggregation within nanoparticles is different from what has been reported in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavvalapalli Nagarjuna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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45
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Luria JL, Hoepker N, Bruce R, Jacobs AR, Groves C, Marohn JA. Spectroscopic imaging of photopotentials and photoinduced potential fluctuations in a bulk heterojunction solar cell film. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9392-9401. [PMID: 23030548 DOI: 10.1021/nn300941f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present spatially resolved photovoltage spectra of a bulk heterojunction solar cell film composed of phase-separated poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N'-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine) (PFB) polymers prepared on ITO/PEDOT:PSS and aluminum substrates. Over both PFB- and F8BT-rich domains, the photopotential spectra were found to be proportional to a linear combination of the polymers' absorption spectra. Charge trapping in the film was studied using photopotential fluctuation spectroscopy, in which low-frequency photoinduced electrostatic potential fluctuations were measured by observing noise in the oscillation frequency of a nearby charged atomic force microscope cantilever. Over both F8BT- and PFB-rich regions, the magnitude, distance dependence, frequency dependence, and illumination wavelength dependence of the observed cantilever frequency noise are consistent with photopotential fluctuations arising from stochastic light-driven trapping and detrapping of charges in F8BT. Taken together, our findings suggest a microscopic mechanism by which intermixing of phases leads to charge trapping and thereby to suppressed open-circuit voltage and decreased efficiency in this prototypical bulk heterojunction solar cell film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Luria
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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46
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MacNeill CM, Coffin RC, Carroll DL, Levi-Polyachenko NH. Low Band Gap Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles and their NIR-mediated Thermal Ablation of Cancer Cells. Macromol Biosci 2012; 13:28-34. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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47
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Huber J, Jung C, Mecking S. Nanoparticles of Low Optical Band Gap Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3013459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Huber
- Chair of
Chemical Materials Science, Department of
Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse
10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christoph Jung
- Chair of
Chemical Materials Science, Department of
Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse
10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of
Chemical Materials Science, Department of
Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse
10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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48
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Nagarjuna G, Venkataraman D. Strategies for controlling the active layer morphologies in OPVs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Immobilization of poly(fluorene) within clay nanocomposite: An easy way to control keto defect. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 368:172-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Gao J, Grey JK. Spectroscopic studies of energy transfer in fluorene co-polymer blend nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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