1
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Lee J, Kim I, Kang SM. Synergistic Effect of Multilayered Alginate/Poly(SBMA) Coatings on Marine Antifouling Property. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400130. [PMID: 38923390 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Alginate (Alg) coatings have attracted attention as protective layers on solid surfaces for marine antifouling applications due to their strong water binding capability and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, the effectiveness of Alg coatings in preventing marine fouling diminishes upon interaction with divalent cations present in seawater. To address this issue, post-modification of the Alg coating is conducted. The carboxyl groups of Alg, which are susceptible sites for interaction with divalent cations, are conjugated with polymerization initiators through metal-mediated coordination bond formation. Subsequently, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (poly(SBMA)) brushes are grown from the initiator-immobilized Alg coatings, resulting in the formation of multilayered Alg/poly(SBMA) coatings. In marine diatom adhesion assays using Amphora Coffeaeformis, multilayered Alg/poly(SBMA) coatings exhibited superior antifouling performance compared to single-layered Alg or poly(SBMA) coating controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
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2
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Çalbaş B, Keobounnam AN, Korban C, Doratan AJ, Jean T, Sharma AY, Wright TA. Protein-polymer bioconjugation, immobilization, and encapsulation: a comparative review towards applicability, functionality, activity, and stability. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2841-2864. [PMID: 38683585 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01861j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-based biomaterials have received a lot of attention due to their biomedical, agricultural, and industrial potential. Soluble protein-polymer bioconjugates, immobilized proteins, and encapsulated proteins have been shown to tune enzymatic activity, improved pharmacokinetic ability, increased chemical and thermal stability, stimuli responsiveness, and introduced protein recovery. Controlled polymerization techniques, increased protein-polymer attachment techniques, improved polymer surface grafting techniques, controlled polymersome self-assembly, and sophisticated characterization methods have been utilized for the development of well-defined polymer-based biomaterials. In this review we aim to provide a brief account of the field, compare these methods for engineering biomaterials, provide future directions for the field, and highlight impacts of these forms of bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Çalbaş
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ashley N Keobounnam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher Korban
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ainsley Jade Doratan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tiffany Jean
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Aryan Yashvardhan Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Robertson H, Gresham IJ, Nelson ARJ, Gregory KP, Johnson EC, Willott JD, Prescott SW, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Solvent-Modulated Specific Ion Effects: Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Brushes in Nonaqueous Electrolytes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:335-347. [PMID: 38117209 PMCID: PMC10910595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Pertinent to cryopreservation as well as energy storage and batteries, nonaqueous electrolytes and their mixtures with water were investigated. In particular, specific ion-induced effects on the modulation of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brush were investigated in various dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-water solvent mixtures. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and neutron reflectometry were employed to probe changes in brush swelling and structure, respectively. In water-rich solvents (i.e., pure water and 6 mol % DMSO), PNIPAM undergoes a swollen to collapsed thermotransition with increasing temperature, whereby a forward Hofmeister series was noted; K+ and Li+ electrolytes composed of SCN- and I- salted-in (stabilized) PNIPAM chains, and electrolytes of Cl- and Br- salted-out (destabilized) the polymer. The cation was seen to play a lesser role than that of the anion, merely modulating the magnitude of the anion effect. In 70 mol % DMSO, a collapsed to swollen thermotransition was noted for PNIPAM. Here, concentration-dependent specific ion effects were observed; a forward series was observed in 0.2 mol % electrolytes, whereas increasing the electrolyte concentration to 0.9 mol % led to a series reversal. While no thermotransition was observed in pure DMSO, a solvent-induced specific ion series reversal was noted; SCN- destabilized the brush and Cl- stabilized the brush. Both series reversals are attributed to the delicate balance of interactions between the solvent, solute (ion), and substrate (brush). Namely, the stability of the solvent clusters was hypothesized to drive polymer solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Robertson
- College
of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Isaac J. Gresham
- School
of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew R. J. Nelson
- Australian
Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Kasimir P. Gregory
- Division
of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Joshua D. Willott
- College
of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Stuart W. Prescott
- School of
Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Grant B. Webber
- College
of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J. Wanless
- College
of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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4
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Eygeris Y, Wang Q, Görke M, Grünwald M, Zharov I. Temperature-Responsive Nanoporous Membranes from Self-Assembly of Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Hairy Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37285651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous membranes play a critical role in numerous separations on laboratory and industrial scales, ranging from water treatment to biotechnology. However, few strategies exist that allow for the preparation of mechanically robust nanoporous membranes whose separation properties can be easily tuned. Here, we introduce a new family of tunable nanoporous membranes based on nanoparticles decorated with temperature-responsive polymer brushes. We prepared mechanically robust membranes from hairy nanoparticles (HNPs) carrying PNIPAM polymer brushes. We assembled the HNPs into thin films through pressure-driven deposition of nanoparticle suspensions and measured the permeability and filtration cutoff of these membranes at different temperatures. The membrane pore diameter at room temperature varied between 10 and 30 nm depending on the polymer length. The water permeability of these membranes could be controlled by temperature, with the effective pore diameter increasing by a factor of 3-6 (up to 100 nm) when the temperature was increased to 60 °C. The size selectivity of these membranes in the filtration of nanoparticles could also be attenuated by temperature. Molecular dynamics computer simulations of a coarse-grained HNP model show that temperature-sensitive pores sizes are consistent with our experimental results and reveal the polymer configurations responsible for the observed filtration membrane permeability. We expect that these membranes will be useful for separations and in the preparation of responsive microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Qiaoyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Marion Görke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Michael Grünwald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ilya Zharov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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5
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Huang Y, Morozova SM, Li T, Li S, Naguib HE, Kumacheva E. Stimulus-Responsive Transport Properties of Nanocolloidal Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1173-1183. [PMID: 36580573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Applications of polymer hydrogels in separation technologies, environmental remediation, and drug delivery require control of hydrogel transport properties that are largely governed by the pore dimensions. Stimulus-responsive change in pore size offers the capability to change gel's transport properties "on demand". Here, we report a nanocolloidal hydrogel that exhibits temperature-controlled increase in pore size and, as a result, enhanced transport of encapsulated species from the gel. The hydrogel was formed by the covalent cross-linking of aldehyde-modified cellulose nanocrystals and chitosan carrying end-grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) molecules. Owing to the temperature-mediated coil-to-globule transition of pNIPAm grafts, they acted as a temperature-responsive "gate" in the hydrogel. At elevated temperature, the size of the pores showed up to a 4-fold increase, with no significant changes in volume, in contrast with conventional pNIPAm-derived gels exhibiting a reduction in both pore size and volume in similar conditions. Temperature-mediated transport properties of the gel were explored by studying diffusion of nanoparticles with different dimensions from the gel, leading to the established correlation between the kinetics of diffusion-governed nanoparticle release and the ratio nanoparticle dimensions-to-pore size. The proposed approach to stimulus-responsive control of hydrogel transport properties has many applications, including their use in nanomedicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Sofia M Morozova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
- N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 5/1 Second Baumanskaya Street, Moscow105005, Russian Federation
| | - Terek Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Shangyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3G9, Canada
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6
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Nakamura N, Ohta S, Yamada M, Suzuki Y, Inagaki NF, Yamaguchi T, Ito T. Development of a Potassium-Ion-Responsive Star Copolymer with Controlled Aggregation/Dispersion Transition. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1343-1352. [PMID: 36643500 PMCID: PMC9835639 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive star polymers are promising functional materials whose aggregation, adhesion, and interaction with cells can be altered by applying suitable stimuli. Among several stimuli assessed, the potassium ion (K+), which is known to be captured by crown ethers, is of considerable interest because of the role it plays in the body. In this study, a K+-responsive star copolymer was developed using a polyglycerol (PG) core and grafted copolymer arms consisting of a thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) unit, a metal ion-recognizing benzo-18-crown-6-acrylamide unit, and a photoluminescent fluorescein O-methacrylate unit. Via optimization of grafting density and copolymerization ratio of grafted arms, along with the use of hydrophilic hyperbranched core, microsized aggregates with a diameter of 5.5 μm were successfully formed in the absence of K+ ions without inducing severe sedimentation (the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was 35.6 °C). In the presence of K+ ions, these aggregates dispersed due to the shift in LCST (47.2 °C at 160 mM K+), which further induced the activation of fluorescence that was quenched in the aggregated state. Furthermore, macrophage targeting based on the micron-sized aggregation state and subsequent fluorescence activation of the developed star copolymers in response to an increase in intracellular K+ concentration were performed as a potential K+ probe or K+-responsive drug delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nakamura
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, The University
of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seiichi Ohta
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, The University
of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department
of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department
of Chemical System Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamada
- Department
of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yukimitsu Suzuki
- Department
of Chemical System Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Natsuko F. Inagaki
- Center
for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamaguchi
- Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 4259 Nagatsudacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Taichi Ito
- Department
of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department
of Chemical System Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center
for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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7
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Robertson H, Nelson ARJ, Prescott SW, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Cosolvent effects on the structure and thermoresponse of a polymer brush: PNIPAM in DMSO–water mixtures. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01487d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Structural characterisation of thermoresponsive polymer brushes in binary DMSO–water mixtures reveals both LCST and UCST behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Robertson
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | | | - Grant B. Webber
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Erica J. Wanless
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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8
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Dutta S, Shreyash N, Satapathy BK, Saha S. Advances in design of polymer brush functionalized inorganic nanomaterials and their applications in biomedical arena. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:e1861. [PMID: 36284373 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Grafting of polymer brush (assembly of polymer chains tethered to the substrate by one end) is emerging as one of the most viable approach to alter the surface of inorganic nanomaterials. Inorganic nanomaterials despite their intrinsic functional superiority, their applications remain restricted due to their incompatibility with organic or biological moieties vis-à-vis agglomeration issues. To overcome such a shortcoming, polymer brush modified surfaces of inorganic nanomaterials have lately proved to be of immense potential. For example, polymer brush-modified inorganic nanomaterials can act as efficient substrates/platforms in biomedical applications, ranging from drug-delivery to protein-array due to their integrated advantages such as amphiphilicity, stimuli responsiveness, enhanced biocompatibility, and so on. In this review, the current state of the art related to polymer brush-modified inorganic nanomaterials focusing, not only, on their synthetic strategies and applications in biomedical field but also the architectural influence of polymer brushes on the responsiveness properties of modified nanomaterials have comprehensively been discussed and its associated future perspective is also presented. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Dutta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi India
| | - Nehil Shreyash
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology Jais Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Bhabani Kumar Satapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi India
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9
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In situ investigation of lysozyme adsorption into polyelectrolyte brushes by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Temperature–regulated non-monotonic behavior of DNA immobilization on poly(N–isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm)–grafted surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Stöbener DD, Weinhart M. On the foundation of thermal "Switching": The culture substrate governs the phase transition mechanism of thermoresponsive brushes and their performance in cell sheet fabrication. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:243-253. [PMID: 34530139 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermally "switchable" poly(glycidyl ether) (PGE) brushes constitute effective coatings for the temperature-triggered harvest of confluent cell sheets. Based on a simple "grafting-to" approach, such coatings can be tethered to various applied plastic culture substrate materials. Herein, we elucidate the self-assembly of PGE brushes with tunable grafting densities up to 0.12 and 0.22 chains nm-2 on polystyrene (PS) and tissue culture PS (TCPS), respectively. In terms of temperature-dependent wettability and protein adsorption, we found that brushes exhibit distinct grafting density-dependent properties which correlate with their cell sheet fabrication performance. In addition, temperature-ramped quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements revealed marked substrate-specific PGE phase transitions which allowed us to deduce comprehensive switching mechanisms. Thus, we demonstrate that brushes tethered to hydrophilic TCPS (contact angle (CA) ∼ 60°) undergo a "cushioned" transition comprising a non-switchable, hydrated basal layer as well as a switchable top layer which regulates cell sheet detachment. In contrast, PGE brushes tethered to PS undergo a "grounded" transition which is substantially influenced by the dehydrating effect of the less hydrophilic PS substrate (CA ∼ 90°). These divergent phase transition mechanisms give rise to a broad scope in cell sheet fabrication performance, yielding staggered detachment times within a 30 min to 3 h range. Hence, we emphasize the importance of a detailed knowledge on the effect of applied culture substrates on the thermal switchability and phase transition characteristics of thermoresponsive brush coatings to accomplish an optimized design for functional cell culture dishes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As the first comparative study of its kind, we elucidate the substrate-dependent thermal switchability of thermoresponsive brush coatings and evaluate their grafting density-dependent phase transition mechanism and its effect on cell sheet fabrication performance.
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12
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Flemming P, Münch AS, Fery A, Uhlmann P. Constrained thermoresponsive polymers - new insights into fundamentals and applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2123-2163. [PMID: 34476018 PMCID: PMC8381851 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, numerous stimuli-responsive polymers have been developed and investigated regarding their switching properties. In particular, thermoresponsive polymers, which form a miscibility gap with the ambient solvent with a lower or upper critical demixing point depending on the temperature, have been intensively studied in solution. For the application of such polymers in novel sensors, drug delivery systems or as multifunctional coatings, they typically have to be transferred into specific arrangements, such as micelles, polymer films or grafted nanoparticles. However, it turns out that the thermodynamic concept for the phase transition of free polymer chains fails, when thermoresponsive polymers are assembled into such sterically confined architectures. Whereas many published studies focus on synthetic aspects as well as individual applications of thermoresponsive polymers, the underlying structure-property relationships governing the thermoresponse of sterically constrained assemblies, are still poorly understood. Furthermore, the clear majority of publications deals with polymers that exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior, with PNIPAAM as their main representative. In contrast, for polymer arrangements with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), there is only limited knowledge about preparation, application and precise physical understanding of the phase transition. This review article provides an overview about the current knowledge of thermoresponsive polymers with limited mobility focusing on UCST behavior and the possibilities for influencing their thermoresponsive switching characteristics. It comprises star polymers, micelles as well as polymer chains grafted to flat substrates and particulate inorganic surfaces. The elaboration of the physicochemical interplay between the architecture of the polymer assembly and the resulting thermoresponsive switching behavior will be in the foreground of this consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Flemming
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander S Münch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Uhlmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588, Lincoln, USA
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13
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Jiang S, Zhou S, Du B, Luo R. Preparation of the Temperature-Responsive Superhydrophobic Paper with High Stability. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16016-16028. [PMID: 34179647 PMCID: PMC8223434 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a method for preparing a high-stability superhydrophobic paper with temperature-induced wettability transition is proposed. First, a temperature-responsive superhydrophobic triblock polymer PHFMA-PTSPM-PNIPAAm was prepared by one-step polymerization of TSPM, HFMA, and NIPAAm in a mass ratio of 0.3:0.3:0.3, then a superhydrophobic paper with a good temperature response was successfully prepared by grafting amino-modified SiO2 with the polymer to modify the surface of the paper. A further study found that when the mass ratio of amino-modified SiO2 to polymer is 0.2, the coating has good superhydrophobicity and transparency. What is more, the prepared modified paper is in a superhydrophobic state when the temperature is higher than 32 °C, and is in a superhydrophilic state when it is lower than 32 °C, which can realize free conversion between superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic states. In addition, the superhydrophobic paper prepared by this method not only has high oil-water separation efficiency, and the superhydrophobic coating shows good stability and transparency, but also has low requirements of environmental conditions for preparation, relatively simple preparation process, and strong repeatability, and it has a very broad application prospect.
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14
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Schweigerdt A, Heinen S, Stöbener DD, Weinhart M. Grafting Density-Dependent Phase Transition Mechanism of Thermoresponsive Poly(glycidyl ether) Brushes: A Comprehensive QCM-D Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7087-7096. [PMID: 34077209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive coatings that exhibit "switchable" protein- and cell-adhesive properties are frequently used for the fabrication of cell sheets. Among other architectures, polymer brush coatings have shown to be especially viable due to their distinct phase transition behavior, which can be tailored via a manifold of adjustable brush characteristics, such as the (co)monomer composition, polymer chain length, and grafting density. Brush coatings based on poly(glycidyl ether)s (PGEs) have shown to efficiently mediate cell sheet fabrication when tethered to various tissue culture substrates. Herein, we report the phase transition of self-assembled PGE brushes with respect to polymer molecular weight (M: 10 and 22 kDa) and grafting density (0.07-0.5 chains nm-2) on gold model substrates studied by quasi-static QCM-D temperature ramp measurements. The brush grafting density can be tuned via the applied grafting conditions, and all brushes investigated feature broad phase transition regimes (ΔT ∼15 °C) with volume phase transition temperatures (VPTTs) close to the cloud point temperatures (CPTs) of the PGEs in solution. We further demonstrate that brush coatings with a low grafting density (0.07-0.12 chains nm-2) exhibit a continuous brush-to-mushroom transition, whereas brushes with medium grafting densities (0.3-0.5 chains nm-2) undergo a brush-to-brush transition comprising vertical phase separation during the phase transition progress. These insights help to understand the transition behavior of thin, thermoresponsive brushes prepared via grafting-to strategies and contribute to their rational design for improved functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schweigerdt
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Silke Heinen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Daniel D Stöbener
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, Hannover 30167, Germany
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15
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Precise positioning of enzymes within hierarchical polymer nanostructures for switchable bioelectrocatalysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113045. [PMID: 33639348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to reversibly switch bioelectrocatalytic sensors is attractive for the design of biomonitoring platforms displaying a complex environmental response, or for the protection of biosensors. However, the retention of reversible biocatalytic properties upon multiple environmental cycles, with broad detection range, low signal-to-noise and limit of detection remains challenging. In this report, we demonstrate the precise positioning of the enzyme glucose oxidase within block-copolymer brush nanostructures, via the re-initiation of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) polymerisation from enzyme-decorated poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) blocks. We find that the precise design of polymer brush grafting density, thickness and crosslinking of the PNIPAM block enables the stable positioning of biocatalytic sites close to electrode surfaces. The control of the polymer brush nanostructure, its conformation and the distribution of biocatalytic sites is characterised via a combination of in situ ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing angle FTIR and surface plasmon resonance. In turn, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrate that such control of the polymeric nanostructures confers a unique combination of low limit of detection (23.9 μM), a broad dynamic range of glucose sensing (0.05-12.8 mM) and true "OFF" state upon pH or thermal stimulation, whilst retaining excellent performance over repeated switching cycles of the sensor. Therefore, hierarchical biocatalytic polymer brushes display unique properties for the design of responsive biosensors and complex multi-functional gating platforms.
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16
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Comparison of cultured cell attachment on a temperature-responsive polymer, poly-L-lysine, and collagen using modeling curves and a thermal-controlled quartz crystal microbalance. J Biol Phys 2021; 47:117-129. [PMID: 33893599 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-021-09568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of cultured cell attachment onto poly-L-lysine (PLL), collagen, and the thermoresponsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were studied using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). A QCM with microscope cameras enclosed in a Peltier chamber was developed to enable QCM measurements and microphotographic imaging to be conducted in a temperature-controlled CO2 incubator. Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells were cultured on the quartz crystals coated with PLL, collagen, and PNIPAM. Response curves of the resonant frequency of the quartz crystals during the cell attachment process were analyzed on the basis of the parameters of modeling curves fit to the experimentally obtained curves. Analysis of the fitting curves showed that the time constants of the first-lag response were 11 h for PLL, 16 h for collagen, and 38 h for PNIPAM and that the frequency change for the PNIPAM films was six times smaller than those for the PLL and collagen films. These findings were supported by photographic images showing wider cell spread on PLL and collagen than on PNIPAM. The response of cells on PNIPAM was measured during a thermal cycle from 37 to 20 °C to 37 °C. In the resonance frequency-resonance resistance (F-R) diagram, the slopes of ΔR/ΔF corresponding to the cell attachment process and those corresponding to the thermal cycling process differed; the positions in the F-R diagram also shifted to higher resonant frequencies after the thermal cycle. These results suggested that the mass effect decreased as a result of the weakening of the cell attachment strength by the thermal cycle because the molecular brushes of PNIPAM were disarranged.
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17
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Homma K, Ohta Y, Minami K, Yoshikawa G, Nagase K, Akimoto AM, Yoshida R. Autonomous Nanoscale Chemomechanical Oscillation on the Self-Oscillating Polymer Brush Surface by Precise Control of Graft Density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4380-4386. [PMID: 33793253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a novel functional surface, a self-oscillating polymer brush that undergoes autonomous, periodic swelling/deswelling during the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction has been developed. Although extensive research has revealed how the fundamental aspects of the BZ reaction can be regulated based on the surface design of the self-oscillating polymer brush, design strategies for the induction of mechanical oscillation remain unexplored. Herein, we investigated the graft density effects on the phase transition behavior, which is an important design parameter for the mechanical oscillation of the modified polymer. The self-oscillating polymer-modified substrates with controlled graft densities were prepared by immobilizing various compositions of an initiator and a noninitiator followed by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of the self-oscillating polymer chains. In addition to the characterization of each prepared substrate, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and digital holographic microscopy (DHM) were employed to evaluate the density effects on the static and dynamic surface structures. AFM revealed that equilibrium swelling as well as thermoresponsive behavior is profoundly affected by the graft density. Moreover, using DHM, autonomous mechanical oscillation was captured only on the self-oscillating polymer brush with adequate graft density. Notably, the oscillation amplitude (150 nm) and the period (20 s) in this study were superior to those in a previous report on the self-oscillating polymer modified through the grafting-to method by 10- and 3-fold, respectively. This study presents design guidelines for future applications, such as autonomous transport devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Homma
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuji Ohta
- School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minami
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Aya M Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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18
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Gresham IJ, Humphreys BA, Willott JD, Johnson EC, Murdoch TJ, Webber GB, Wanless EJ, Nelson ARJ, Prescott SW. Geometrical Confinement Modulates the Thermoresponse of a Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Brush. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J. Gresham
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ben A. Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Joshua D. Willott
- Membrane Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Murdoch
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B. Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J. Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | | | - Stuart W. Prescott
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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19
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Sudre G, Siband E, Gallas B, Cousin F, Hourdet D, Tran Y. Responsive Adsorption of N-Isopropylacrylamide Based Copolymers on Polymer Brushes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010153. [PMID: 31936092 PMCID: PMC7022643 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the adsorption of pH- or temperature-responsive polymer systems by ellipsometry and neutron reflectivity. To this end, temperature-responsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes and pH-responsive poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes have been prepared using the "grafting onto" method to investigate the adsorption process of polymers and its reversibility under controlled environment. To that purpose, macromolecular brushes were designed with various chain lengths and a wide range of grafting density. Below the transition temperature (LCST), the characterization of PNIPAM brushes by neutron reflectivity shows that the swelling behavior of brushes is in good agreement with the scaling models before they collapse above the LCST. The reversible adsorption on PNIPAM brushes was carried out with linear copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid, P(NIPAM-co-AA). While these copolymers remain fully soluble in water over the whole range of temperature investigated, a quantitative adsorption driven by solvophobic interactions was shown to proceed only above the LCST of the brush and to be totally reversible upon cooling. Similarly, the pH-responsive adsorption driven by electrostatic interactions on PAA brushes was studied with copolymers of NIPAM and N,N-dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, P(NIPAM-co-MADAP). In this case, the adsorption of weak polycations was shown to increase with the ionization of the PAA brush with interactions mainly located in the upper part of the brush at pH 7 and more deeply adsorbed within the brush at pH 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sudre
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5223, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Elodie Siband
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France; (E.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Bruno Gallas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Fabrice Cousin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS, Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France;
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France; (E.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Yvette Tran
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France; (E.S.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (Y.T.)
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20
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van Duinen D, Butt HJ, Berger R. Two-Stage Collapse of PNIPAM Brushes: Viscoelastic Changes Revealed by an Interferometric Laser Technique. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15776-15783. [PMID: 31633361 PMCID: PMC6943814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many temperature-responsive polymers exhibit a single-phase transition at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). One exception is poly(N-isopropylacryamide) (PNIPAM). PNIPAM brush layers (51 ± 3 nm thick) that are end-grafted onto glass beads collapse in two stages. The viscoelastic changes of a PNIPAM brush layers were investigated with an interferometric laser method at different temperatures. This method is able to measure the two-stage collapse of beads coated with a polymer brush layer. When these beads are situated close to a hydrophilic glass surface, they exhibit Brownian motion. As this Brownian motion changes with temperature, the collapse of the polymer layer is revealed. The characteristic spectrum of the Brownian motion of beads is modeled by a damped harmonic oscillator, where the polymer layer acts as both spring and damping elements. The change of the Brownian motion spectrum with temperature indicates two transitions of the PNIPAM brush layer, one at 36 °C and one at 46 °C. We attribute the first transition to the LCST volume collapse of PNIPAM. Here, changes of the density and viscosity of the brush dominate. The second transition is dominated by a stiffening of the brush layer.
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21
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Wang H, Pemberton JE. Direct Nanoscopic Measurement of Laminar Slip Flow Penetration of Deformable Polymer Brush Surfaces: Synergistic Effect of Grafting Density and Solvent Quality. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13646-13655. [PMID: 31558025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed quantitative nanoscopic description of soft surfaces under dynamic flow is lacking, despite its importance. To better understand the role of surface texture in nanoscopic mass transport in complex media, we used Förster resonance energy transfer in combination with total internal reflectance fluorescence microscopy (FRET-TIRFM) to directly measure laminar slip flow penetration depth (slip length) on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) thin films (50-110 nm) of different grafting densities (0.60, 0.38, and 0.27 chain/nm2) in solvents of different qualities created via cononsolvency in situ. Nontrivial synergistic interplay of grafting density and solvent quality on slip length was observed. Slip lengths are typically tens of nm (40-100 nm), increasing and then reaching a plateau with applied linear flow velocity (192-2,952 μm/s) regardless of experimental system. Slip length was systematically larger for lower density films, but the effect of grafting density was more significant in a good solvent than a poor solvent. Interestingly, however, the stagnant film thickness (polymer swollen thickness minus the slip length) collapsed to almost a singular value for a given grafting density regardless of solvent quality, likely suggesting a large gradient of segmental mobility at nonequilibrium. Moreover, we found that slip flow penetrates into soft pNIPAM surfaces more deeply in a good solvent than in a poor solvent and that this behavior was general and independent of grafting density. This behavior is counter to the notion that less interaction between a fluid (probe) and a solid surface promotes slip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Jeanne E Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
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22
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Humphreys BA, Johnson EC, Wanless EJ, Webber GB. Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Response to Salt Concentration and Anion Identity: A Brush-on-Brush Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10818-10830. [PMID: 31339320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The stability of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brush-modified colloidal silica particles was compared to asymmetric and symmetric PNIPAM brush direct force measurements in the presence of 1, 10, and 500 mM aqueous salt solution of KCl, KNO3, and KSCN between 10 and 45 °C. Dynamic light scattering measurements highlighted subtle variations in the salt-mediated thermoresponse, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) force curves between a bare silica or PNIPAM brush-modified colloid probe and a planar PNIPAM brush elucidated differences in brush interactions. The AFM force curves in the presence of KCl primarily revealed steric interactions between the surfaces, while KNO3 and KSCN solutions exhibited electrosteric interactions on approach as a function of the chaotropic nature of the ion and the solution concentration. The symmetric PNIPAM brush interaction highlighted significant variations between KCl and KSCN at 1 and 500 mM concentrations, while the approach and retraction force curves were relatively similar at 10 mM concentration. The combination of these techniques enabled the stability of PNIPAM brush-modified colloidal dispersions in the presence of electrolyte to be better understood with specific ion binding and the solution Debye length playing a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia
| | - Edwin C Johnson
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia
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23
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Humphreys BA, Prescott SW, Murdoch TJ, Nelson A, Gilbert EP, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Influence of molecular weight on PNIPAM brush modified colloidal silica particles. SOFT MATTER 2018; 15:55-64. [PMID: 30534695 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of molecular weight and temperature on the phase transition and internal structure of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brush modified colloidal silica particles was investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) between 15 and 45 °C. Dry particle analysis utilising transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) all confirmed the thickness of the polymer brush shell increased as a function of polymerisation time. Hydrodynamic diameter and electrophoretic mobility results revealed that the brush modified particles transitioned from swollen shells to a collapsed conformation between 15 and 35 °C. The dispersions were electrosterically stabilised over the entire temperature range investigated, with minimal thermal hysteresis recorded. Modelling of the hydrodynamic diameter enabled the calculation of a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) which increased as a function of brush thickness. The internal structure determined via SANS showed a swollen brush at low temperatures (18 and 25 °C) which decayed radially away from the substrate, while a collapsed block-like conformation with 60% polymer volume fraction was present at 40 °C. Radial phase separation was evident at intermediate temperatures (30 and 32.5 °C) with the lower molecular weight sample having a greater volume fraction of polymer in the dense inner region at these temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | | | - Timothy J Murdoch
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Elliot P Gilbert
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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24
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Mahalik JP, Sumpter BG, Kumar R. Understanding the effects of symmetric salt on the structure of a planar dipolar polymer brush. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:163334. [PMID: 30384744 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of added salt on a planar dipolar polymer brush immersed in a polar solvent are studied using a field theoretic approach. The field theory developed in this work provides a unified framework for capturing effects of the inhomogeneous dielectric function, translational entropy of ions, crowding due to finite sized ions, ionic size asymmetry, and ion solvation. In this paper, we use the theory to study the effects of ion sizes, their concentration, and ion-solvation on the polymer segment density profiles of a dipolar brush immersed in a solution containing symmetric salt ions. The interplay of crowding effects, translational entropy, and ion solvation is shown to exhibit either an increase or decrease in the brush height. Translational entropy and crowding effects due to finite sizes of the ions tend to cause expansion of the brush as well as uniform distribution of the ions. By contrast, ion-solvation effects, which tend to be stronger for smaller ions, are shown to cause shrinkage of the brush and inhomogeneous distribution of the ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti P Mahalik
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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25
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Yu L, Hou Y, Cheng C, Schlaich C, Noeske PLM, Wei Q, Haag R. High-Antifouling Polymer Brush Coatings on Nonpolar Surfaces via Adsorption-Cross-Linking Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44281-44292. [PMID: 29188709 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new "adsorption-cross-linking" technology is presented to generate a highly dense polymer brush coating on various nonpolar substrates, including the most inert and low-energy surfaces of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene). This prospective surface modification strategy is based on a tailored bifunctional amphiphilic block copolymer with benzophenone units as the hydrophobic anchor/chemical cross-linker and terminal azide groups for in situ postmodification. The resulting polymer brushes exhibited long-term and ultralow protein adsorption and cell adhesion benefiting from the high density and high hydration ability of polyglycerol blocks. The presented antifouling brushes provided a highly stable and robust bioinert background for biospecific adsorption of desired proteins and bacteria after secondary modification with bioactive ligands, e.g., mannose for selective ConA and Escherichia coli binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixiao Yu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yong Hou
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chong Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlaich
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul-Ludwig Michael Noeske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM , Wiener Str. 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Qiang Wei
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg , Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Virtual Institute , Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Virtual Institute , Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany
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26
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Vasicek TW, Jenkins SV, Vaz L, Chen J, Stenken JA. Thermoresponsive nanoparticle agglomeration/aggregation in salt solutions: Dependence on graft density. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 506:338-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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27
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Jiang N, Cheung J, Guo Y, Endoh MK, Koga T, Yuan G, Satija SK. Stability of Adsorbed Polystyrene Nanolayers on Silicon Substrates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - JustinM. Cheung
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
- Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐3400 USA
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
| | - Sushil K. Satija
- Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
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28
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Rennert K, Nitschke M, Wallert M, Keune N, Raasch M, Lorkowski S, Mosig AS. Thermo-responsive cell culture carrier: Effects on macrophage functionality and detachment efficiency. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417726428. [PMID: 28890781 PMCID: PMC5574476 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417726428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Harvesting cultivated macrophages for tissue engineering purposes by enzymatic digestion of cell adhesion molecules can potentially result in unintended activation, altered function, or behavior of these cells. Thermo-responsive polymer is a promising tool that allows for gentle macrophage detachment without artificial activation prior to subculture within engineered tissue constructs. We therefore characterized different species of thermo-responsive polymers for their suitability as cell substrate and to mediate gentle macrophage detachment by temperature shift. Primary human monocyte- and THP-1-derived macrophages were cultured on thermo-responsive polymers and characterized for phagocytosis and cytokine secretion in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. We found that both cell types differentially respond in dependence of culture and stimulation on thermo-responsive polymers. In contrast to THP-1 macrophages, primary monocyte-derived macrophages showed no signs of impaired viability, artificial activation, or altered functionality due to culture on thermo-responsive polymers compared to conventional cell culture. Our study demonstrates that along with commercially available UpCell carriers, two other thermo-responsive polymers based on poly(vinyl methyl ether) blends are attractive candidates for differentiation and gentle detachment of primary monocyte-derived macrophages. In summary, we observed similar functionality and viability of primary monocyte-derived macrophages cultured on thermo-responsive polymers compared to standard cell culture surfaces. While this first generation of custom-made thermo-responsive polymers does not yet outperform standard culture approaches, our results are very promising and provide the basis for exploiting the unique advantages offered by custom-made thermo-responsive polymers to further improve macrophage culture and recovery in the future, including the covalent binding of signaling molecules and the reduction of centrifugation and washing steps. Optimizing these and other benefits of thermo-responsive polymers could greatly improve the culture of macrophages for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Rennert
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Mirko Nitschke
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Natalie Keune
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Raasch
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Germany
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29
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Li W, Hu L, Zhu J, Li D, Luan Y, Xu W, Serpe MJ. Comparison of the Responsivity of Solution-Suspended and Surface-Bound Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Microgels for Sensing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26539-26548. [PMID: 28745477 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this submission, the phase transition behavior for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (pNIPAm-co-AAc) microgels and their assemblies was investigated as a function of temperature and pH using UV-vis spectroscopy (to probe light scattering behavior) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements. PNIPAm-co-AAc microgels were "painted" onto Au-coated glass substrates (for UV-vis) and the Au electrode of a QCM crystal to generate monolayers. The subsequent deposition of another Au layer on top of the pNIPAm-co-AAc microgel layer yields what is known as an etalon. UV-vis/QCM-D measurements revealed that the temperature and pH responsivities for the microgel assemblies match well with their solution behavior. UV-vis spectroscopy shows that the transmittance of the microgel monolayers decreased with increasing solution temperature at pH 3.0. At pH 6.5, the AAc groups in the microgels were deprotonated, leading to strong Coulombic repulsive forces inside the microgels that prevented their collapse and lead to minimal change in the transmitted light intensity. However, QCM-D analysis reveals more complex behavior as it is sensitive to the viscosity/viscoelasticity and thickness changes of the microgel layer, which ultimately depends on the microgel chemical composition and the interaction of the etalon's Au layer with the crystal. The maximum sensitivity to temperature is 0.8 × 10-3 °C·Hz-1, which is the most sensitive pNIPAm microgel-based QCM temperature sensor thus far reported in the literature. Finally, we exploit this new understanding to characterize the pH and ionic strength of a solution using pNIPAm-co-XAAc microgel-based etalon coated crystals. The research results and the sensing demonstration can inspire new and improved sensor designs for a variety of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liang Hu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jinghua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- The Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences , Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yafei Luan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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30
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Iturri J, Moreno-Cencerrado A, Toca-Herrera JL. Polyelectrolyte brushes as supportive substrate for bacterial S-layer recrystallization: Polymer charge and chain extension factors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Szuwarzyński M, Wolski K, Pomorska A, Uchacz T, Gut A, Łapok Ł, Zapotoczny S. Photoactive Surface-Grafted Polymer Brushes with Phthalocyanine Bridging Groups as an Advanced Architecture for Light-Harvesting. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28644908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface-grafted polymer brushes of novel ladder-like architecture were proposed for inducing ordering of chromophores embedded therein. The brushes with acetylene side groups were obtained by surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization. The acetylene moieties reacted then through a "click" process with an axially azide-bifunctionalized silicon phthalocyanine bridging the neighboring chains that inherently adopt extended conformations in dense brushes. FTIR, quartz crystal microbalance, and atomic force microscopy were used to study formation and structure of the photoactive brushes varying in grafting densities. Importantly, photophysical properties of the chromophores were virtually unaffected upon embedding them into the brushes, as evidenced by UV/Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy. Owing to the unique ordering of the chromophores, the proposed method may open new opportunities for the fabrication of light-harvesting systems suitable for photovoltaic or sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szuwarzyński
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Pomorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.,Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Uchacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gut
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łapok
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
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32
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Yu L, Cheng C, Ran Q, Schlaich C, Noeske PLM, Li W, Wei Q, Haag R. Bioinspired Universal Monolayer Coatings by Combining Concepts from Blood Protein Adsorption and Mussel Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6624-6633. [PMID: 28118539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing need for universal polymer coating strategies, only a few approaches have been successfully developed, and most of them are suffering from color, high thickness, or high roughness. In this paper, we present for the first time a universal monolayer coating that is only a few nanometers thick and independent of the composition, size, shape, and structure of the substrate. The coating is based on a bioinspired synthetic amphiphilic block copolymer that combines two concepts from blood protein adsorption and mussel adhesion. This polymer can be rapidly tethered on various substrates including both planar surfaces and nanosystems with high grafting density. The resulting monolayer coatings are, on the one hand, inert to the adsorption of multiple polymer layers and prevent biofouling. On the other hand, they are chemically active for secondary functionalization and provide a new platform for selective material surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixiao Yu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chong Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Qidi Ran
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Virtual Institute , Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlaich
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul-Ludwig Michael Noeske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials , Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Wenzhong Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Qiang Wei
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Virtual Institute , Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany
- Department of Biointerface Science & Technology, Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research , Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Virtual Institute , Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany
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33
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Fukazawa K, Nakao A, Maeda M, Ishihara K. Photoreactive Initiator for Surface-Initiated ATRP on Versatile Polymeric Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24994-24998. [PMID: 27623483 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized 4-azidophenylcarbonyloxyethyl-2-bromoisobutyrate (AzEBI) for construction of a polymer brush layer on a desired area on various polymeric substrates. After 3.0 min of exposure to UV irradiation, the phenylazide groups of AzEBI decomposed and formed covalent bonds with the polymeric substrate surfaces to introduce an initiator of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The reaction area of AzEBI was regulated using a photomask during photoreaction and surface initiated ATRP of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) occurred on the desired part of the surface. In the area with poly(MPC), the surface was superhydrophilic and the adhesion of HeLa cell was effectively suppressed. The AzEBI allows the construction of polymer brush layer in anywhere and would expand the potential application of ATRP to prepare polymer brush layer on polymeric substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aiko Nakao
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mizuo Maeda
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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35
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Humphreys BA, Willott JD, Murdoch TJ, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Specific ion modulated thermoresponse of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6037-46. [PMID: 26840183 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of specific anions on the equilibrium thermoresponse of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) brushes has been studied using in situ ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and static contact angle measurements between 20 and 45 °C in the presence of up to 250 mM acetate and thiocyanate anions in water. The thickness and changes in dissipation exhibited a broad swelling transition spanning approximately 15 °C from collapsed (high temperatures) to swollen conformation (low temperatures) while the brush surface wettability changed over approximately 2 °C. In the presence of the kosmotropic acetate anions, the measured lower critical solution temperature (LCST) by the three techniques was very similar and decreased linearly as a function of ionic strength. Conversely, increasing the concentration of the chaotropic thiocyanate anions raised the LCST of the pNIPAM brushes with variation in the measured LCST between the three techniques increasing with ionic strength. The thickness of the pNIPAM brush was seen to progressively increase with increasing thiocyanate concentration at all temperatures. It is proposed that specific ion binding of the chaotropic thiocyanate anion with pNIPAM amide moieties increases the electrostatic intra- and intermolecular repulsion within and between pNIPAM chains. This allows the brush to begin to swell at higher temperatures and to an overall greater extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Joshua D Willott
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Murdoch
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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36
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37
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Furusawa H, Sekine T, Ozeki T. Hydration and Viscoelastic Properties of High- and Low-Density Polymer Brushes Using a Quartz-Crystal Microbalance Based on Admittance Analysis (QCM-A). Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Furusawa
- Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material
Systems (iFront), Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University,
4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sekine
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Ozeki
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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38
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Dalier F, Eghiaian F, Scheuring S, Marie E, Tribet C. Temperature-Switchable Control of Ligand Display on Adlayers of Mixed Poly(lysine)-g-(PEO) and Poly(lysine)-g-(ligand-modified poly-N-isopropylacrylamide). Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1727-36. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Dalier
- Ecole Normale
Supérieure-PSL Research University, Dpt Chimie, Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F. Eghiaian
- U1006 INSERM,
Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, 163 av. de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - S. Scheuring
- U1006 INSERM,
Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, 163 av. de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - E. Marie
- Ecole Normale
Supérieure-PSL Research University, Dpt Chimie, Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C. Tribet
- Ecole Normale
Supérieure-PSL Research University, Dpt Chimie, Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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39
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Varma S, Bureau L, Débarre D. The Conformation of Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes Probed by Optical Reflectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3152-3163. [PMID: 26986181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a microscope-based optical setup that allows us to perform space- and time-resolved measurements of the spectral reflectance of transparent substrates coated with ultrathin films. This technique is applied to investigate the behavior in water of thermosensitive polymer brushes made of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafted on glass. We show that spectral reflectance measurements yield quantitative information about the conformation and axial structure of the brushes as a function of temperature. We study how parameters such as grafting density and chain length affect the hydration state of a brush, and provide one of the few experimental evidences for the occurrence of vertical phase separation in the vicinity of the lower critical solution temperature of the polymer. The origin of the hysteretic behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes upon cycling the temperature is also clarified. We thus demonstrate that our optical technique allows for in-depth characterization of stimuli-responsive polymer layers, which is crucial for the rational design of smart polymer coatings in actuation, gating, or sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Varma
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Bureau
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Débarre
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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40
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Bhandary D, Benková Z, Cordeiro MNDS, Singh JK. Molecular dynamics study of wetting behavior of grafted thermo-responsive PNIPAAm brushes. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3093-3102. [PMID: 26898416 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of temperature on the contact angle of a water droplet on grafted thermo-responsive poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) polymer brushes is studied using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in the temperature range of 270-330 K. A shift from 55° to 65° in contact angle values is observed as the temperature increases from 300 K to 310 K, which is in line with the experimental reports. The behavior of a water droplet on PNIPAAm brushes is analyzed using hydrogen bond analysis, water diffusion, radial distribution functions, the potential of mean force, excess entropy and the second virial coefficient (B2). The thermo-responsive behavior of PNIPAAm brushes, quantified using the excess entropy and B2 of PNIPAAm-water and water-water interactions, is mainly governed by polymer-water interactions. In particular, the excess entropy and B2 of PNIPAAm resulting from the PNIPAAm-water interactions are found to increase with increasing temperature. The dehydration of PNIPAAm brushes and the increase in the contact angle of water were confirmed to be entropy driven processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdip Bhandary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP 208016, India.
| | - Zuzana Benková
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007 Portugal and Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Natália D S Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007 Portugal
| | - Jayant K Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP 208016, India.
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41
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Das S, Banik M, Chen G, Sinha S, Mukherjee R. Polyelectrolyte brushes: theory, modelling, synthesis and applications. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8550-83. [PMID: 26399305 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes are a special class of polymer brushes (PBs) containing charges. Polymer chains attain "brush"-like configuration when they are grafted or get localized at an interface (solid-fluid or liquid-fluid) with sufficiently close proximity between two-adjacent grafted polymer chains - such a proximity triggers a particular nature of interaction between the adjacent polymer molecules forcing them to stretch orthogonally to the grafting interface, instead of random-coil arrangement. In this review, we discuss the theory, synthesis, and applications of PE brushes. The theoretical discussion starts with the standard scaling concepts for polymer and PE brushes; following that, we shed light on the state of the art in continuum modelling approaches for polymer and PE brushes directed towards analysis beyond the scaling calculations. A special emphasis is laid in pinpointing the cases for which the PE electrostatic effects can be de-coupled from the PE entropic and excluded volume effects; such de-coupling is necessary to appropriately probe the complicated electrostatic effects arising from pH-dependent charging of the PE brushes and the use of these effects for driving liquid and ion transport at the interfaces covered with PE brushes. We also discuss the atomistic simulation approaches for polymer and PE brushes. Next we provide a detailed review of the existing approaches for the synthesis of polymer and PE brushes on interfaces, nanoparticles, and nanochannels, including mixed brushes and patterned brushes. Finally, we discuss some of the possible applications and future developments of polymer and PE brushes grafted on a variety of interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD-20742, USA.
| | - Meneka Banik
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin - 721302, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD-20742, USA.
| | - Shayandev Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD-20742, USA.
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Pin - 721302, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick C. Prehn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Stephen G. Boyes
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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43
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Léonforte F, Müller M. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Mixed Brushes: A Computer Simulation Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12450-12462. [PMID: 25634688 DOI: 10.1021/am5076309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer brushes of fixed molecular weight and grafting density are modeled in the framework of a coarse-grained model with soft, nonbonded interactions and an implicit solvent. This model has been developed to address experimentally relevant, large invariant degrees of polymerization, and nonbonded interactions are expressed via a third-order (virial) expansion of the equation of state. The choice of interaction parameters is intended to mimic the swelling behavior of PNIPAM in water as the temperature increases toward the lower critical solution temperature (T(LCST)). Results of molecular dynamics simulations for one component brushes are compared to experimental data. Mixed brushes incorporating small and large amounts of grafted poly(ethylene glycol) polymers are then considered. The effects of mixing polymer components on the response of the mixed brushes to temperature changes are monitored, and the results are compared to experimental data. In the end, two design principles for biomolecule triggering using temperature-sensitive mixed polymer brushes with functional and switchable end-groups are proposed and studied. This work is in favor of establishing qualitative rules for the design, optimization, and comprehension of binary polymer brushes for bioengineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Léonforte
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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44
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Shi X, Zhan W, Chen G, Yu Q, Liu Q, Du H, Cao L, Liu X, Yuan L, Chen H. Regulation of Protein Binding Capability of Surfaces via Host-Guest Interactions: Effects of Localized and Average Ligand Density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6172-6178. [PMID: 25986051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The protein binding capability of biomaterial surfaces can significantly affect subsequent biological responses, and appropriate ligand presentation is often required to guarantee the best functions. Herein, a new facile method for regulating this capability by varying the localized and average ligand density is presented. Binding between lysine and plasminogen relevant to a fibrinolysis system was chosen as a model. We integrated different lysine-modified β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivatives onto bioinert copolymer brushes via host-guest interactions. The localized and average lysine density can be conveniently modulated by changing the lysine valency on β-CD scaffolds and by diluting lysine-persubstituted β-CD with pure β-CD, respectively. Both the plasminogen adsorption and the plasminogen binding affinity were enhanced by lysine-persubstituted β-CD compared with those of lysine-monosubstituted β-CD, which is possibly due to the higher localized lysine density and the multivalent binding of plasminogen on lysine-persubstituted β-CD surfaces. With a change in the ratio of lysine-persubstituted β-CD to β-CD, the average lysine density can be tuned, leading to the linear regulation of the adsorption of plasminogen on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Shi
- †College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhan
- †College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- †College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- ‡Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- †College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- †College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hui Du
- †College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Limin Cao
- †College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- †College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- †College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- †College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Kim JC. Hydroxyethyl Acrylate-Based Polymeric Amphiphiles Showing Lower Critical Solution Temperature. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.980764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Krishnamoorthy M, Hakobyan S, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE. Surface-initiated polymer brushes in the biomedical field: applications in membrane science, biosensing, cell culture, regenerative medicine and antibacterial coatings. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10976-1026. [PMID: 25353708 DOI: 10.1021/cr500252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahentha Krishnamoorthy
- Institute of Bioengineering and ‡School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Chen L, Peng Z, Zeng Z, She Y, Wei J, Chen Y. Hairy polymeric nanocapsules with ph-responsive shell and thermoresponsive brushes: Tunable permeability for controlled release of water-soluble drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zhiping Peng
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yingqi She
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Junchao Wei
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University; 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 China
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Chen Q, Kooij ES, Sui X, Padberg CJ, Hempenius MA, Schön PM, Vancso GJ. Collapse from the top: brushes of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in co-nonsolvent mixtures. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3134-42. [PMID: 24695793 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a combination of ellipsometry and friction force microscopy, we study the reversible swelling, collapse and variation in friction properties of covalently bound poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) layers on silicon with different grafting densities in response to exposure to good solvents and co-nonsolvent mixtures. Changes in the thickness and segment density distribution of grafted films are investigated by in situ ellipsometry. Based on quantitative modelling of the ellipsometry spectra, we postulate a structural model, which assumes that collapse takes place in the contacting layer between the brush and the co-nonsolvent and the top-collapsed brushes remain hydrated in the film interior. Using the structural model derived from ellipsometry spectra, we analyse the AFM based friction force microscopy data, which were obtained by silica colloidal probes. Results show a large increase of the friction coefficient of PNIPAM grafts when the grafts swollen by water are brought in contact with co-nonsolvents. For instance, the value of the friction coefficient for a medium density brush in water is four times lower than the value observed in a water-methanol (50% v/v) mixture. This increase of friction is accompanied by an increase in adherence between the PNIPAM chains and the silica colloidal probes, and is a result of chain collapse in the graft when contacted by a co-nonsolvent mixture in agreement with the model postulated on the basis of ellipsometric characterisation. The kinetic behaviour of the collapse is assessed by measuring the temporal variation of friction in situ as a function of elapsed time following contact with the co-nonsolvent as a function of graft density. In conclusion, the effect of co-nonsolvency influenced both the thickness of the PNIPAM brushes and the tribological behavior of the brush surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherland.
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Jiang N, Shang J, Di X, Endoh MK, Koga T. Formation Mechanism of High-Density, Flattened Polymer Nanolayers Adsorbed on Planar Solids. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Jun Shang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Di
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Chemical
and Molecular Engineering Program, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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Chen Y, Sajjadi S. Temperature-triggered fast-disintegrating polyNIPAM particles via semicontinuous heterophase polymerisation. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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