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Stalmann G, Matic A, Jacobsson P, Tranchida D, Gitsas A, Gkourmpis T. Crystallisation Kinetics and Associated Electrical Conductivity Dynamics of Poly(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) Nanocomposites in the Melt State. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3602. [PMID: 36296791 PMCID: PMC9612297 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite systems comprised of a poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA) matrix and carbon black (CB) or graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were used to investigate conductivity and crystallisation dynamics using a commercially relevant melt-state mixing process. Crystallisation kinetics and morphology, as investigated by DSC and SEM, turn out to depend on the interplay of (i) the interphase interactions between matrix and filler, and (ii) the degree of filler agglomeration. For the GNP-based systems, an almost constant conductivity value was observed for all compositions upon cooling, something not observed for the CB-based compositions. These conductivity changes reflect structural and morphological changes that can be associated with positive and negative thermal expansion coefficients. GNP-based systems were observed to exhibit a percolation threshold of approximately 2.2 vol%, lower than the 4.4 vol% observed for the CB-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud Stalmann
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physics, University of Gothemburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Matic
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Jacobsson
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Tranchida
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Antonis Gitsas
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Gkourmpis
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis AB, 444 86 Stenungsund, Sweden
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2
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How neutron scattering techniques benefit investigating structures and dynamics of monoclonal antibody. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130206. [PMID: 35872327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, great progresses have been made for the pharmaceutical industry of monoclonal antibody (mAb). More and more mAb products were approved for human therapeutics. This review describes the state of art of utilizing neutron scattering to investigate mAbs, in the aspects of structures, dynamics, physicochemical stability, functionality, etc. Firstly, brief histories of mAbs and neutron scattering, as well as some basic knowledges and principles of neutron scattering were introduced. Then specific examples were demonstrated. For the structure and structural evolution investigation of in dilute and concentrated mAbs solution, in situ small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was frequently utilized. Neutron reflectometry (NR) is powerful to probe the absorption behaviors of mAbs on various surfaces and interfaces. While for dynamic investigation, quasi-elastic scattering techniques such as neutron spin echo (NSE) demonstrate the capabilities. With this review, how to utilize and take advantages of neutron scattering on investigating structures and dynamics of mAbs were demonstrated and discussed.
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3
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Li Y, Liu Y, Gong P, Niu Y, Park CB, Li G. Graphene-Embedded Hybrid Network Structure to Render Olefin Block Copolymer Foams with High Compression Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Polymer Materials Research Institute, Tengfei Building, 88 Jiangmiao Road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengjian Gong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Niu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chul B. Park
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
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Peng Z, Yu C, Zhong W. Facile Preparation of a 3D Porous Aligned Graphene-Based Wall Network Architecture by Confined Self-Assembly with Shape Memory for Artificial Muscle, Pressure Sensor, and Flexible Supercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17739-17753. [PMID: 35389612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of a novel preparation strategy for 3D porous network structures with an aligned channel or wall is always in challenge. Herein, a 3D porous network composed of an aligned graphene-based wall is fabricated by a confined self-assembly strategy in which holey reduced graphene oxide (HrGO)/lignin sulfonate (Lig) composites are orientedly anchored on the framework of the Lig/single-wall carbon nanotube (Lig/SWCNT) hydrogel by vacuum-assisted filtration accompanied with confined self-assembly and followed with hydrothermal treatment. After freeze drying, the obtained ultralight Lig/SWCNT/HrGOal aerogel exhibits excellent shape memory properties and can roll back to the original shape even if suffering from a high compressive strain of 86.2%. Furthermore, the as-prepared aerogel used as a water-driven artificial muscle shows powerful driving force and can lift ultrahigh weight cargo that is 1030.6 times its own weight. When the prepared Lig/SWCNT/HrGOal aerogel is used as a pressure sensor, it also exhibits high sensitivity (2.28 kPa-1) and a wide detection region of 0.27-14.1 kPa. Additionally, the symmetric flexible supercapacitor assembled with as-prepared aerogel films shows superior stored energy performance that can tolerate 5000 cycles of bending. The present work not only fabricates a high-performance multifunctional material but also develops a new strategy for the preparation a wood-like 3D porous aligned wall network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Chuying Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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5
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Tungsten disulfide nanotubes enhance flow-induced crystallization and radio-opacity of polylactide without adversely affecting in vitro toxicity. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:313-326. [PMID: 34798318 PMCID: PMC9505057 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of vascular disease, from peripheral ischemia to coronary heart disease (CHD), is poised for transformation with the introduction of transient implants designed to "scaffold" regeneration of blood vessels and ultimately leave nothing behind. Improved materials could expand the use of these devices. Here, we examine one of the leading polymers for bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS), polylactide (PLA), as the matrix of nanocomposites with tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes (WSNT), which may provide mechanical reinforcement and enhance radio-opacity. We evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity using vascular cells, flow-induced crystallization and radio-opacity of PLA-WSNT nanocomposites at low WSNT concentration. A small amount of WSNT (0.1 wt%) can effectively promote oriented crystallization of PLA without compromising molecular weight. And radio-opacity improves significantly: as little as 0.5 to 1 wt% WSNT doubles the radio-opacity of PLA-WSNT relative to PLA at 17 keV. The results suggest that a single component, WSNT, has the potential to increase the strength of BRS to enable thinner devices and increase radio-opacity to improve intraoperative visualization. The in vitro toxicity results indicate that PLA-WSNT nanocomposites are worthy of investigation in vivo. Although substantial further preclinical studies are needed, PLA-WSNT nanocomposites may provide a complement of material properties that may improve BRS and expand the range of lesions that can be treated using transient implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bioresorbable Scaffolds (BRSs) support regeneration of arteries without permanent mechanical constraint. Poly-L-lactide (PLLA) is the structural material of the first approved BRS for coronary heart disease (ABSORB BVS), withdrawn due to adverse events in years 1-3. Here, we examine tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes (WSNT) in PLA to address two contributors to early complications: (1) reinforce PLLA (enable thinner BRS), and (2) increase radiopacity (provide intraoperative visibility). For BRS, it is significant that WSNT disperse, remain dispersed, reduce friction and improve mechanical properties without additional chemicals or surface modifications. Like WS2 nanospheres, bare WSNT and PLA-WSNT nanocomposites show low cytotoxicity in vitro. PLA-WSNT show enhanced flow-induced crystallization relative to PLA, motivating future study of the processing behavior and strength of these materials.
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Yang J, Liu Z, Zhou Z, Ming Y, Li S, Hao T, Nie Y. Molecular dynamics simulations of the effects of carbon nanotube content on stretch-induced crystallization of polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16021-16030. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01522f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we used molecular dynamics simulations to study the effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) content on stretch-induced crystallization behaviors in CNT filled polyethylene systems. During high-temperature stretching,...
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7
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Precursor formation and crystal nucleation in stretched polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Liu R, Nie Y, Ming Y, Hao T, Zhou Z. Simulations on polymer nanocomposite crystallization. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongjuan Liu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yijing Nie
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yongqiang Ming
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Tongfan Hao
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Zhiping Zhou
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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9
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Chen J, Schneider K, Heinrich G. In-Situ Synchrotron X-ray Study on the Structure Variation of Morphology-Identified Injection-Molded β-Nucleated iPP under Tensile Deformation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213730. [PMID: 34771288 PMCID: PMC8587524 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The deformation behavior of semi-crystalline polymers is strongly dependent on the morphology formed during processing. In this study, in-situ synchrotron X-ray was firstly used to identify the morphological distributions of injection-molded isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with different concentrations of β-nucleating agent. It was found that under relatively high concentration of β-nucleating agent (i.e., ≥0.03 wt.%), the outer region (skin and shear region) of the iPP was dominated by mainly highly oriented α-phase as well as certain amount γ-phase, while the core region was rich in β-crystals with little if any orientation. The addition of the β-nucleating agent was beneficial for the formation of lamellae with large lamellar stacking distance in the shear layer. Then the synchrotron X-ray was applied to study the structure variation of those morphology-identified samples under tensile deformation. It was found that voids and cavities along the stretching direction existed in the deformed iPP samples and their volume increased with increasing concentration of β-nucleating agent. The increased volume of void and cavity was associated with the β to α phase transition, which mainly occurred at the core region. In addition, upon stretching crystalline fragmentation and rearrangement took place following the formation of thinner lamellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Xiamen University of Technology, Ligong Road 600, Xiamen 361024, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Konrad Schneider
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Chu Z, Zhao R, Wang B, Liu L, Ma Z, Li Y. Effect of Ions on the Flow-Induced Crystallization of Poly(vinylidene fluoride). Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhe Chu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Ruijun Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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Mun SJ, Shim YH, Kim GW, Koo SH, Ahn H, Shin TJ, Kim SO, Kim SY. Tailored growth of graphene oxide liquid crystals with controlled polymer crystallization in GO-polymer composites. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2720-2727. [PMID: 33498078 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene Oxides (GOs) have been frequently employed as fillers in polymer-based applications. While GO is known to nucleate polymer crystallization in GO-polymer composites reinforcing the mechanical properties of semicrystalline polymers, its counter effect on how polymer crystallization can alter the microstructure of GO has rarely been systematically studied yet. In this work, we study the GO nematic liquid crystal (LC) phase during polymer crystallization focusing on their hierarchical structures by employing in situ small/wide-angle X-ray scattering/diffraction (SAXS/WAXD) techniques. We found that GO LC and polymer crystals co-exist in the GO/polymer complex, where the overall liquid crystallinity is influenced by polymer crystallization. While polymer crystallizes in bulk or at the interface depending on the cooling rate, the interfacial crystallization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on GO improves both GO alignment and orientation of PEG crystal. This work provides an opportunity to develop a hierarchical structure of GO-based crystalline polymer nanocomposites, whose directionality can be controlled by polymer crystallization under proper cooling rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soh Jin Mun
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yul Hui Shim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geon Woong Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Koo
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea. and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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Improving Dispersion and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Graphene Nanoplatelet Composites by Mixed Solvent-Assisted Melt Blending. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Ding C, Yang Y, Liu L, Wu GG, Yin B, Yang MB. Surfactant-assisted β-NA supramolecular self-assembly in mini injection molding PP composite. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Gaska K, Manika GC, Gkourmpis T, Tranchida D, Gitsas A, Kádár R. Mechanical Behavior of Melt-Mixed 3D Hierarchical Graphene/Polypropylene Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1309. [PMID: 32521812 PMCID: PMC7361869 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of novel low percolation melt-mixed 3D hierarchical graphene/polypropylene nanocomposites are analyzed in this study. The analysis spans a broad range of techniques and time scales, from impact to tensile, dynamic mechanical behavior, and creep. The applicability of the time-temperature superposition principle and its limitations in the construction of the master curve for the isotactic polypropylene (iPP)-based graphene nanocomposites has been verified and presented. The Williams-Landel-Ferry method has been used to evaluate the dynamics and also Cole-Cole curves were presented to verify the thermorheological character of the nanocomposites. Short term (quasi-static) tensile tests, creep, and impact strength measurements were used to evaluate the load transfer efficiency. A significant increase of Young's modulus with increasing filler content indicates reasonably good dispersion and adhesion between the iPP and the filler. The Young's modulus results were compared with predicted modulus values using Halpin-Tsai model. An increase in brittleness resulting in lower impact strength values has also been recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gaska
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Division of Engineering Materials, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.C.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Georgia C. Manika
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Division of Engineering Materials, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.C.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Thomas Gkourmpis
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis AB, SE-444 86 Stenungsund, Sweden;
| | - Davide Tranchida
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, St.-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria; (D.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonis Gitsas
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, St.-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria; (D.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Roland Kádár
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Division of Engineering Materials, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.C.M.); (R.K.)
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Xu X, Yang F, Li K, Wei D, Liu Z. Efficient loading of silver nanoparticles on graphene oxide and its antibacterial properties. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab9546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Graphene oxide contains polyaromatic structure and a variety of oxygen functional groups, which can form π-type metal ion-aromatic or metal ion-oxygen interaction with transition metals, thus it is a promising dispersant and carrier for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Herein, silver nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide (AgNPs/rGO) was fabricated with scalable synthesis method without additional dispersing agent. The mass percent of AgNPs loading on rGO could be adjusted according to the requirement of applications from 1 ∼ 67% of the total weight of AgNPs/rGO with the sizes of AgNPs 10 ∼ 30 nm. AgNPs/rGO exhibited excellent antibacterial activity towards both gram-positive S. aureus and gram-negative E. coli. In addition, AgNPs/rGO could be easily dispersed in liquid silicone rubber, and when the rubber solidified and formed a three-dimensional structure, AgNPs/rGO-silicone rubber has both effective antibacterial property and very low effusion of AgNPs. This composite has potential to be used as a material of bacteriostasis bottles and wound dressings.
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16
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Zhang Y, Lin X, Hu H. Combined effect of chemically compound graphene oxide‐calcium pimelate on crystallization behavior, morphology and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue‐Fei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha China
| | - Xiang‐Feng Lin
- School of Chemistry and Food EngineeringChangsha University of Science & Technology Changsha China
| | - Hui Hu
- School of Chemical EngineeringFuzhou University Fuzhou China
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17
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Ahmed AK, Atiqullah M, Al‐Harthi MA, Abdelaal AF, Pradhan DR. Non‐isothermal crystallization of Ziegler Natta
i
‐PP‐graphene nanocomposite: DSC and new model prediction. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah K. Ahmed
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atiqullah
- Center for Refining & Petrochemicals, Research InstituteKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh A. Al‐Harthi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed F. Abdelaal
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Dev R. Pradhan
- Analytical LaboratorySABIC Technical Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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18
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Eriksson M, Hamers J, Peijs T, Goossens H. The Influence of Graft Length and Density on Dispersion, Crystallisation and Rheology of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Silica Nanocomposites. Molecules 2019; 24:E2106. [PMID: 31163705 PMCID: PMC6600597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different techniques of grafting polymer chains to filler surfaces are often employed to compatibilise filler and polymer matrices. In this paper the influence of graft length and graft density on the state of dispersion, crystallisation and rheological properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/silica (SiO2) nanocomposites are reported. Grafted silica nanoparticles were prepared through polymerisation of PCL from the nanoparticle surface. Graft length was controlled by the reaction time, while the grafting density was controlled by the monomer-to-initiator ratio. Grafted nanoparticles were mixed with PCL of different molecular weights and the state of dispersion was assessed. Different matrix-to-graft molecular weight ratios resulted in different states of dispersion. Composites based on the higher molecular weight matrix exhibited small spherical agglomerates while the lower molecular weight matrix revealed more sheet-like microstructures. The state of dispersion was found to be relatively independent of graft length and density. Under quiescent conditions the grafts showed increased nucleation ability in the higher molecular weight PCL, while in the lower molecular weight matrix the effect was less pronounced. Rheological experiments showed an increase in viscosity with increased filler content, which was beneficial for the formation of oriented structures in shear-induced crystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eriksson
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Hamers
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ton Peijs
- Materials Engineering Centre (MEC), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Han Goossens
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands.
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19
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Wilsens CHRM, Hawke LGD, de Kort GW, Saidi S, Roy M, Leoné N, Hermida-Merino D, Peters GWM, Rastogi S. Effect of Thermal History and Shear on the Viscoelastic Response of iPP Containing an Oxalamide-Based Organic Compound. Macromolecules 2019; 52:2789-2802. [PMID: 30983633 PMCID: PMC6459004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report on the role of temperature and shear on the melt behavior
of iPP in the presence of the organic compound N1,N1′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(N2-hexyloxalamide) (OXA3,6). It is demonstrated
that OXA3,6 facilitates a viscosity suppression when
it resides in the molten state. The viscosity suppression is attributed
to the interaction of iPP chains/subchains with molten OXA3,6 nanoclusters. The exact molecular mechanism has not
been identified; nevertheless, a tentative explanation is proposed.
The observed viscosity suppression appears similar to that encountered
in polymer melts filled with solid nanoparticles, with the difference
that the OXA3,6 compound reported in this study facilitates
the viscosity suppression in the molten state. Upon cooling, as crystal
growth of OXA3,6 progresses, the decrease in viscosity
is suppressed. Retrospectively, segmental absorption of iPP chains on the surface of micrometer-sized OXA3,6 crystallites
favors the formation of dangling arms, yielding OXA3,6 crystallites decorated with partially absorbed iPP chains. In other words, the resulting OXA3,6 particle
morphology resembles that of a hairy particle or a starlike polymer
chain. Such hairy particles effectively facilitate a viscosity enhancement,
similar to branched polymer chains. This hypothesis and its implications
for the shear behavior of iPP are discussed and supported
using plate–plate rheometry and slit-flow experiments combined
with small-angle X-ray scattering analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolus H R M Wilsens
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence G D Hawke
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs W de Kort
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Saidi
- LMOPS, EA 4423, Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupelec Metz, 2 rue Edouard Belin, F-57070 Metz, France.,Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Manta Roy
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Leoné
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Gerrit W M Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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20
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Alvaredo Á, Martín MI, Castell P, Guzmán de Villoria R, Fernández-Blázquez JP. Non-Isothermal Crystallization Behavior of PEEK/Graphene Nanoplatelets Composites from Melt and Glass States. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E124. [PMID: 30960108 PMCID: PMC6401876 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the graphene nanoplateletets (GNP), at concentration of 1, 5 and 10 wt %, in Poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) composite crystallization from melt and during cold crystallization were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and real time X-ray diffraction experiments. DSC results revealed a double effect of GNP: (a) nucleating effect crystallization from melt started at higher temperatures and (b) longer global crystallization time due to the restriction in the polymer chain mobility. This hindered mobility were proved by rheological behavior of nanocomposites, because to the increase of complex viscosity, G', G″ with the GNP content, as well as the non-Newtonian behavior found in composites with high GNP content. Finally, real time wide and small angle synchrotron X-ray radiation (WAXS/SAXS) X-ray measurements showed that GNP has not affected the orthorhombic phase of PEEK nor the evolution of the crystal phase during the crystallization processes. However, the correlation length of the crystal obtained by WAXS and the long period (L) by SAXS varied depending on the GNP content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Alvaredo
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/ Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Isabel Martín
- FIDAMC, Foundation for the Research, Development and Application of Composite Materials, Avda. Rita Levi Montalcini 29, Tecnogetafe, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pere Castell
- Fundación AITIIP, Pol. Ind. Empresarium, C/ Romero 12, 50720 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Roberto Guzmán de Villoria
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/ Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
- FIDAMC, Foundation for the Research, Development and Application of Composite Materials, Avda. Rita Levi Montalcini 29, Tecnogetafe, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Chen W, Liu D, Li L. Multiscale characterization of semicrystalline polymeric materials by synchrotron radiation X‐ray and neutron scattering. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry (INPC) China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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22
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Beuguel Q, Boyer SAE, Settipani D, Monge G, Haudin J, Vergnes B, Peuvrel‐Disdier E. Crystallization behavior of polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets composites. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Beuguel
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research University Sophia Antipolis CS France
| | | | - Daniel Settipani
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research University Sophia Antipolis CS France
| | - Gabriel Monge
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research University Sophia Antipolis CS France
| | - Jean‐Marc Haudin
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research University Sophia Antipolis CS France
| | - Bruno Vergnes
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research University Sophia Antipolis CS France
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23
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Yao G, Fang Y, Chi E, Bao J, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang Z. The Influence of Space Restriction on the Mechanical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Injection Bars. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18050152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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In Situ Synchrotron Radiation Techniques: Watching Deformation-induced Structural Evolutions of Polymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Wilsens CHRM, Hawke LGD, Troisi EM, Hermida-Merino D, de Kort G, Leoné N, Saralidze K, Peters GWM, Rastogi S. Effect of Self-Assembly of Oxalamide Based Organic Compounds on Melt Behavior, Nucleation, and Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2018; 51:4882-4895. [PMID: 30018462 PMCID: PMC6041772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report on the
effect of an aliphatic oxalamide based nucleating
agent (OXA3,6) on the melt and crystallization behavior
of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) under defined shear
conditions. Through polarized optical microscopy, we demonstrate that OXA3,6 self-assembles from the iPP melt into
rhombic crystals whereas their size and distribution proved highly
dependent on the employed cooling rates. The presence of 0.5 wt %
of OXA3,6 in iPP results in a significant
suppression in iPP melt viscosity, which could not
be explained via molecular modeling. A possible cause for the drop
in viscosity in the presence of OXA3,6 is attributed
to the interaction (absorption) of high molecular weight iPP chains with the nucleating agent, thereby suppressing their contribution
to the viscoelastic response of the melt. This proposed mechanism
for the suppression in melt viscosity appears similar to that encountered
by the homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles such as CNTs, graphene,
and silica. Shear experiments, performed using a slit flow device
combined with small-angle X-ray diffraction measurements, indicate
that crystallization is significantly enhanced in the presence of OXA3,6 at relatively low shear rates despite its lowered sensitivity
to shear. This enhancement in crystallization is attributed to the
shear alignment of the rhombic OXA3,6 crystals that provide
surface for iPP kebab growth upon cooling. Overall,
the suppression in melt viscosity in combination with enhanced nucleation
efficiency at low as well as high shear rates makes this self-assembling
oxalamide based nucleating agent a promising candidate for fast processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolus H R M Wilsens
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence G D Hawke
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico M Troisi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Gijs de Kort
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Leoné
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ketie Saralidze
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W M Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute of BioBased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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26
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Nazari B, Tran H, Beauregard B, Flynn-Hepford M, Harrell D, Milner ST, Colby RH. Two Distinct Morphologies for Semicrystalline Isotactic Polypropylene Crystallized after Shear Flow. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Douglas Harrell
- The Phillips
66
Company, Linden, New Jersey 07036, United States
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27
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The influence of topology and morphology of fillers on the conductivity and mechanical properties of rubber composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Chang J, Wang Z, Tang X, Tian F, Ye K, Li L. A portable extruder for in situ wide angle x-ray scattering study on multi-dimensional flow field induced crystallization of polymer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:025101. [PMID: 29495839 DOI: 10.1063/1.5011944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and constructed a portable extruder with a rotatable mandrel, which can be employed to study the multi-dimensional flow field (MDFF) induced crystallization of polymer combined with in situ wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS). With the piston driving the melt sample to flow along the channel, a direct axial shear field is achieved. At the same time, the central mandrel keeps rotating under a stable speed, providing the sample with an additional circumferential shear field. By presetting different proportions of the two shear fields, namely, axial and circumferential, various flow states of the sample can be obtained, which makes it capable of investigating the effects of MDFF on polymer crystallization. We have performed an in situ WAXS experiment of MDFF induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene based on the portable extruder at the beam line BL16B in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The rheological and structural information is collected simultaneously, which manifests the viability of the portable extruder on regulating MDFF and can provide guidance for polymer processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fucheng Tian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ke Ye
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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29
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Choe JH, Jeon J, Lee ME, Wie JJ, Jin HJ, Yun YS. Nanoconfinement effects of chemically reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons on poly(vinyl chloride). NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2025-2033. [PMID: 29322142 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocomposites with graphene-based nanocarbons (GNCs) have been extensively studied with emphasis on the percolation of nanofillers toward electrical, rheological, and mechanical reinforcement. In this study, we report an unusual indirect reinforcing phenomenon of highly defective GNCs dispersed in the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix via densification of the polymer packing originating from nanoscale confinement. Herein, chemically reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons (C-rGONRs) are employed as a nanofiller. The inclusion of defective and oxygen-functionalized C-rGONRs resulted in a dramatic densification of the PVC host with extremely low C-rGONR loading, largely exceeding the theoretical calculation from a rule of mixture. Along with the densification, the glass transition temperature of PVC also increased by 28.6 °C at 0.1 wt% filler loading. Remarkably, the oxygen barrier property and mechanical toughness under tension for the PVC/C-rGONR nanocomposite were the maximum when the greatest densification occurred. The structure-property relationship of the nanocomposites has been discussed with an emphasis on the nanoscale confinement phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choe
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
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30
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Su F, Ji Y, Meng L, Chang J, Chen L, Li L. Shear-induced precursors in polyethylene: An in-situ synchrotron radiation scanning X-ray microdiffraction study. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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George G, Simon SM, V. P. P, M. S. S, Faisal M, Wilson R, Chandran A, P. R. B, Joseph C, Unnikrishnan N. Green and facile approach to prepare polypropylene/in situ reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding properties. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05007d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of PP/in situ reduced GO nanocomposites with excellent EMI shielding capability realized via a facile and green route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gejo George
- School of Pure & Applied Physics
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India – 686 560
| | - Sanu Mathew Simon
- School of Pure & Applied Physics
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India – 686 560
| | - Prakashan V. P.
- School of Pure & Applied Physics
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India – 686 560
| | - Sajna M. S.
- School of Pure & Applied Physics
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India – 686 560
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Research Center – Physics
- Department of Physics
- PES University – South Campus
- Bangalore
- India – 560 100
| | - Runcy Wilson
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Cyrils College
- India – 691 529
| | | | - Biju P. R.
- School of Pure & Applied Physics
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India – 686 560
| | - Cyriac Joseph
- School of Pure & Applied Physics
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India – 686 560
| | - N. V. Unnikrishnan
- School of Pure & Applied Physics
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India – 686 560
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32
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The Influence of Epitaxial Crystallization on the Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 66/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Injection Bar. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7120384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Meng X, Wang M, Yang L, Ye H, Cong C, Dong Y, Zhou Q. Effects of Amino-Functionalized Graphene Oxide on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyoxymethylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Meng
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory
of Failure, Corrosion and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Mengliu Wang
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Lide Yang
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Haimu Ye
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory
of Failure, Corrosion and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chuanbo Cong
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory
of Failure, Corrosion and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuhua Dong
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory
of Failure, Corrosion and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory
of Failure, Corrosion and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, Beijing 102249, China
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34
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Ellingham T, Duddleston L, Turng LS. Sub-critical gas-assisted processing using CO 2 foaming to enhance the exfoliation of graphene in polypropylene + graphene nanocomposites. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Han R, Nie M, Wang Q, Yan S. Self-Assembly β Nucleating Agent Induced Polymorphic Transition from α-Form Shish Kebab to β-Form Highly Ordered Lamella under Intense Shear Field. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Min Nie
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Sichuan Provincial Key Lab of Process Equipment and Control, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
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36
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Nie Y, Hao T, Gu Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang D, Wei Y, Li S, Zhou Z. Relaxation and Crystallization of Oriented Polymer Melts with Anisotropic Filler Networks. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1426-1437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Nie
- Institute of Polymer Materials,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tongfan Hao
- Institute of Polymer Materials,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhouzhou Gu
- Institute of Polymer Materials,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Polymer Materials,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Polymer Materials,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Materials,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ya Wei
- Institute of Polymer Materials,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Songjun Li
- Institute of Polymer Materials,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiping Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Materials,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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37
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38
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Xiong C, Zhong W, Zou Y, Luo J, Yang W. Electroactive biopolymer/graphene hydrogels prepared for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Huang HD, Zhou SY, Zhou D, Ren PG, Xu JZ, Ji X, Li ZM. Highly Efficient “Composite Barrier Wall” Consisting of Concentrated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and Impermeable Crystalline Structure for Poly(lactic acid) Nanocomposite Films. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Dong Huang
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic
Materials and Devices, State
Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials
and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Sheng-Yang Zhou
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Gang Ren
- Institute
of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Zhuang Xu
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xu Ji
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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40
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Molecular Modeling and Mechanics of Acrylic Adhesives on a Graphene Substrate with Roughness. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Miao W, Lv Y, Zheng W, Wang Z, Chen ZR. Epitaxial crystallization of precisely fluorine substituted polyethylene induced by carbon nanotube and reduced graphene oxide. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Analysis of crystalline structure and morphology of isotactic polypropylene under the coexistence of organic montmorillonite particles and shear flow. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Kim SH, Kim K, Park OO. Poly(propylene)-grafted thermally reduced graphene oxide and its compatibilization effect on poly(propylene)–graphene nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized PP-graft-thermally reduced graphene oxide (PP-g-TRGO2, PP-g-TRGO4 and PP-g-TRGO6) as a compatibilizer, to obtain high performance PP/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ho Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Graduate Program)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Lotte Chemical Research Institute
| | - Kyunghoon Kim
- Lotte Chemical Research Institute
- Daejeon 34110
- Republic of Korea
| | - O Ok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Graduate Program)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
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44
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Wang B, Gong X, Li J, Shang Y, Shi D, de Claville Christiansen J, Yu D, Jiang S. Double equilibrium melting temperatures and zero growth temperature of PVDF in PVDF/graphene composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Abdou JP, Braggin GA, Luo Y, Stevenson AR, Chun D, Zhang S. Graphene-Induced Oriented Interfacial Microstructures in Single Fiber Polymer Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13620-13626. [PMID: 26058086 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial interactions between the polymer and graphene are pivotal in determining the reinforcement efficiency in the graphene-enhanced polymer nanocomposites. Here, we report on the dynamic process of graphene-induced oriented interfacial crystals of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in the single fiber polymer composites by means of polarized optical microscopy (POM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The graphene fibers are obtained by chemical reduction of graphene oxide fibers, and the latter is produced from the liquid crystalline dispersion of graphene oxide via a wet coagulation route. The lamellar crystals of iPP grow perpendicular to the fiber axis, forming an oriented transcrystalline (TC) interphase surrounding the graphene fiber. Various factors including the diameter of graphene fibers, crystallization temperature, and time are investigated. The dynamic process of polymer transcrystallization surrounding the graphene fiber is studied in the temperature range 124-132 °C. The Lauritzen-Hoffman theory of heterogeneous nucleation is applied to analyze the transcrystallization process, and the fold surface free energy is determined. Study into microstructures demonstrates a cross-hatched lamellar morphology of the TC interphase and the strong interfacial adhesion between the iPP and graphene. Under appropriate conditions, the β-form transcrystals occur whereas the α-form transcrystals are predominant surrounding the graphene fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Abdou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Gregory A Braggin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Yanqi Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Alexandra R Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Danielle Chun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Shanju Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
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46
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Nagendra B, Mohan K, Gowd EB. Polypropylene/Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nanocomposites: Influence of LDH Particle Size on the Crystallization Behavior of Polypropylene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12399-410. [PMID: 25741910 DOI: 10.1021/am5075826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Highly dispersed isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating two different sized Mg-Al LDH nanoparticles with different loadings from 1 to 10 wt % using a modified solvent mixing method. Larger sized LDH nanoparticles (∼3-4 μm) were prepared from the gel form of Mg-Al LDH, and the smaller sized nanoparticles (∼50-200 nm) were prepared by sonication of as-synthesized LDH particles. Such obtained LDH nanoparticles were carefully characterized using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. WAXD and atomic force microscopy results indicate that the LDH nanoparticles were highly dispersed in the iPP matrix. The influence of LDH nanoparticles size and concentration on the thermal stability, spherulitic morphology, melting behavior, isothermal crystallization kinetics, and lamellar structure of iPP were investigated. Incorporation of low loadings of sonicated LDH particles (e.g., 1-2.5 wt %) show substantial effect on thermal stability, spherulite size, crystallinity, and crystallization half-time and lamellar morphology of iPP compared to the pure iPP and that of nanocomposites with larger LDH particles with same loadings. The better nucleation ability of iPP in the presence of sonicated LDH can be attributed to the high surface area of LDH nanoparticles along with its better dispersibility within the polymer matrix. The incorporation of LDH nanoparticles does not change the crystallization growth mechanism and crystal structure of iPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baku Nagendra
- ‡Materials Science and Technology Division, §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), and ⊥Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695001, India
| | - Kiran Mohan
- ‡Materials Science and Technology Division, §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), and ⊥Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695001, India
| | - E Bhoje Gowd
- ‡Materials Science and Technology Division, §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), and ⊥Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695001, India
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47
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Yang S, Yu H, Lei F, Li J, Guo S, Wu H, Shen J, Xiong Y, Chen R. Formation Mechanism and Morphology of β-Transcrystallinity of Polypropylene Induced by Two-Dimensional Layered Interface. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Huaning Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Fan Lei
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Hong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jiabin Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Rong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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48
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Chen YH, Fang DF, Lei J, Li LB, Hsiao BS, Li ZM. Shear-Induced Precursor Relaxation-Dependent Growth Dynamics and Lamellar Orientation of β-Crystals in β-Nucleated Isotactic Polypropylene. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5716-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Du-Fei Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Jun Lei
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liang-Bin Li
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology,
CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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49
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Isothermal crystallization of syndiotactic polystyrene induced by graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes: a comparative study. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Wang J, Yang J, Deng L, Fang H, Zhang Y, Wang Z. More dominant shear flow effect assisted by added carbon nanotubes on crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene in nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1364-1375. [PMID: 25569561 DOI: 10.1021/am507938s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
More dominant shear flow effect with different shear rates and shear time with assistance of added carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of low amounts on the crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in CNT/iPP nanocomposites was investigated by applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and rheometer. CNTs were chemically modified to improve the dispersity in the iPP matrix. CNT/iPP nanocomposites with different CNT contents were prepared by solution blending method. The crystallization kinetics for CNT/iPP nanocomposites under the quiescent condition studied by DSC indicates that the addition of CNTs of low amounts significantly accelerates crystallization of iPP due to heterogeneous nucleating effect of CNTs, whereas a saturation effect exists at above a critical CNT content. The shear-induced crystallization behaviors for CNT/iPP nanocomposites studied by POM and rheometry demonstrate the continuously accelerated crystallization kinetics with assistance from added CNTs, with increasing CNT content, shear rate, and shear time, without any saturation effect. The changes of nucleation density for CNT/iPP nanocomposites under different shear conditions can be quantified by using a space-filling modeling from the rheological measurements, and the results illustrate that the combined effects of added CNTs and shear flow on the acceleration of crystallization kinetics are not additive, but synergetic. The mechanisms for the synergetic effect of added CNTs and shear flow are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
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