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Omar H, Ahamadi S, Hülagü D, Hidde G, Hertwig A, Szymoniak P, Schönhals A. Investigations of the adsorbed layer of polysulfone: Influence of the thickness of the adsorbed layer on the glass transition of thin films. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:054904. [PMID: 39092946 DOI: 10.1063/5.0223415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This work studies the influence of the adsorbed layer on the glass transition of thin films of polysulfone. Therefore, the growth kinetics of the irreversibly adsorbed layer of polysulfone on silicon substrates was first investigated using the solvent leaching approach, and the thickness of the remaining layer was measured with atomic force microscopy. Annealing conditions before leaching were varied in temperature and time (0-336 h). The growth kinetics showed three distinct regions: a pre-growth step where it was assumed that phenyl rings align parallel to the substrate at the shortest annealing times, a linear growth region, and a crossover from linear to logarithmic growth observed at higher temperatures for the longest annealing times. No signs of desorption were observed, pointing to the formation of a strongly adsorbed layer. Second, the glass transition of thin polysulfone films was studied in dependence on the film thickness using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Three annealing conditions were compared: two with only a tightly bound layer formed in the linear growth regime and one with both tightly bound and loosely adsorbed layers formed in the logarithmic growth regime. The onset thickness and increase in the glass transition temperature increases with annealing time and temperature. These differences were attributed to the distinct conformations of the formed adsorbed layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Omar
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) (Fachbereich 6.6), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shayan Ahamadi
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) (Fachbereich 6.6), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Deniz Hülagü
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) (Fachbereich 6.6), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gundula Hidde
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) (Fachbereich 6.6), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hertwig
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) (Fachbereich 6.6), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) (Fachbereich 6.6), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) (Fachbereich 6.6), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Omar H, Hidde G, Szymoniak P, Hertwig A, Schönhals A. Growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) and its effect on the glass transition behavior in thin films. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14473-14483. [PMID: 37179996 PMCID: PMC10173819 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02020g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The glass transition behavior of thin films of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBAC) was studied employing ellipsometry. The glass transition temperature increases with the reduction of the film thickness. This result is attributed to the formation of an adsorbed layer with a reduced mobility compared to bulk PBAC. Therefore, for the first time, the growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of PBAC was investigated, prepared by leaching samples from a 200 nm thin film which were annealed for several times at three different temperatures. The thickness of each prepared adsorbed layer was measured by multiple scans using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, an unannealed sample was measured. Comparison of the measurements of the unannealed and the annealed samples provides proof of a pre-growth regime for all annealing temperatures which was not observed for other polymers. For the lowest annealing temperature after the pre-growth stage only a growth regime with a linear time dependence is observed. For higher annealing temperatures the growth kinetics changes from a linear to a logarithmic growth regime at a critical time. At the longest annealing times the films showed signs of dewetting where segments of the adsorbed film were removed from the substrate (dewetting by desorption). The dependence of the surface roughness of the PBAC surface on annealing time also confirmed that the films annealed at highest temperatures for the longest times desorbed from the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Omar
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany +49 30/8104-1617 +49 30/8104-3384
| | - Gundula Hidde
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany +49 30/8104-1617 +49 30/8104-3384
| | - Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany +49 30/8104-1617 +49 30/8104-3384
| | - Andreas Hertwig
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany +49 30/8104-1617 +49 30/8104-3384
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany +49 30/8104-1617 +49 30/8104-3384
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3
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Huang Z, Cuniberto E, Park S, Kisslinger K, Wu Q, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Yager KG, Shahrjerdi D. Mechanisms of Interface Cleaning in Heterostructures Made from Polymer-Contaminated Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201248. [PMID: 35388971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures obtained from layered assembly of 2D materials such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride have potential in the development of new electronic devices. Whereas various materials techniques can now produce macroscopic scale graphene, the construction of similar size heterostructures with atomically clean interfaces is still unrealized. A primary barrier has been the inability to remove polymeric residues from the interfaces that arise between layers when fabricating heterostructures. Here, the interface cleaning problem of polymer-contaminated heterostructures is experimentally studied from an energy viewpoint. With this approach, it is established that the interface cleaning mechanism involves a combination of thermally activated polymer residue mobilization and their mechanical actuation. This framework allows a systematic approach for fabricating record large-area clean heterostructures from polymer-contaminated graphene. These heterostructures provide state-of-the-art electronic performance. This study opens new strategies for the scalable production of layered materials heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Edoardo Cuniberto
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Suji Park
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qin Wu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Davood Shahrjerdi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
- Center for Quantum Phenomena, Physics Department, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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4
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Ren W, Wang X, Shi J, Xu J, Taneda H, Yamada NL, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K, Wang X. The role of the molecular weight of the adsorbed layer on a substrate in the suppressed dynamics of supported thin polystyrene films. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1997-2005. [PMID: 35195149 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adsorbed layer on a solid surface plays a crucial role in the dynamics of nanoconfinement polymer materials. However, the influence of the adsorbed layer is complex, and clarifying this influence on the dynamics of confined polymers remains a major challenge. In this paper, SiO2-Si substrates with various thicknesses and adsorbed layers of PS with various molecular weights were used to reveal the effect of the adsorbed layer on the corresponding segmental dynamics of the supported thin PS films. Strongly suppressed segmental dynamics of thin PS films were observed for the films supported on thicker adsorbed layers or prepared using higher molecular weight. Neutron reflectivity revealed that the overlap region thickness between the adsorbed layer and the top overlayer increased with increasing thickness and molecular weight of the adsorbed layer, both of which correlate well with the distance over which the polystyrene dynamics were depressed by the adsorbed layer. The results show that the influencing distance of the adsorbed layer is related to the overlap zone formed between the adsorption layer and the upper thin film. The effect of the adsorbed layer molecular weight can be ascribed to the fact that large loops and long tails in the adsorbed layer result in stronger interpenetrations and entanglements between polymer chains in the adsorbed layer and in the overlayer, causing a stronger substrate effect and suppression of the segment dynamics of the supported thin PS films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Jiahui Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Hidenobu Taneda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
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5
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Relaxation behavior of polymer thin films: Effects of free surface, buried interface, and geometrical confinement. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Xu W, Mihhels K, Kotov N, Lepikko S, Ras RHA, Johnson CM, Pettersson T, Kontturi E. Solid-state polymer adsorption for surface modification: The role of molecular weight. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:441-450. [PMID: 34333417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Solid-state polymer adsorption offers a distinct approach for surface modification. These ultrathin, so-called Guiselin layers can easily be obtained by placing a polymer melt in contact with an interface, followed by a removal of the non-adsorbed layer with a good solvent. While the mechanism of formation has been well established for Guiselin layers, their stability, crucial from the perspective of materials applications, is not. The stability is a trade-off in the entropic penalty between cooperative detachment of the number of segments directly adsorbed on the substrate and consecutively pinned monomers. EXPERIMENTS Experimental model systems of Guiselin layers of polystyrene (PS) on silicon wafers with native oxide layer on top were employed. The stability of the adsorbed layers was studied as a function of PS molecular weight and polydispersibility by various microscopic and spectroscopic tools as well as quasi-static contact angle measurements. FINDINGS Adsorbed layers from low molecular weight PS were disrupted with typical spinodal decomposition patterns whereas high molecular weight (>500 kDa) PS resulted in stable, continuous layers. Moreover, we show that Guiselin layers offer an enticing way to modify a surface, as demonstrated by adsorbed PS that imparts a hydrophobic character to initially hydrophilic silicon wafers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Nikolay Kotov
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sakari Lepikko
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - C Magnus Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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7
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Winkler R, Beena Unni A, Tu W, Chat K, Adrjanowicz K. On the Segmental Dynamics and the Glass Transition Behavior of Poly(2-vinylpyridine) in One- and Two-Dimensional Nanometric Confinement. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5991-6003. [PMID: 34048244 PMCID: PMC8279553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Geometric nanoconfinement, in one and two dimensions, has a fundamental influence on the segmental dynamics of polymer glass-formers and can be markedly different from that observed in the bulk state. In this work, with the use of dielectric spectroscopy, we have investigated the glass transition behavior of poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) confined within alumina nanopores and prepared as a thin film supported on a silicon substrate. P2VP is known to exhibit strong, attractive interactions with confining surfaces due to the ability to form hydrogen bonds. Obtained results show no changes in the temperature evolution of the α-relaxation time in nanopores down to 20 nm size and 24 nm thin film. There is also no evidence of an out-of-equilibrium behavior observed for other glass-forming systems confined at the nanoscale. Nevertheless, in both cases, the confinement effect is seen as a substantial broadening of the α-relaxation time distribution. We discussed the results in terms of the importance of the interfacial energy between the polymer and various substrates, the sensitivity of the glass-transition temperature to density fluctuations, and the density scaling concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Winkler
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Aparna Beena Unni
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Wenkang Tu
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chat
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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8
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Rahman MU, Xi Y, Li H, Chen F, Liu D, Wei J. Dynamics and Structure Formation of Confined Polymer Thin Films Supported on Solid Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1621. [PMID: 34067812 PMCID: PMC8155975 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability/instability behavior of polystyrene (PS) films with tunable thickness ranging from higher as-cast to lower residual made on Si substrates with and without native oxide layer was studied in this paper. For further extraction of residual PS thin film (hresi) and to investigate the polymer-substrate interaction, Guiselin's method was used by decomposing the polymer thin films in different solvents. The solvents for removing loosely adsorbed chains and extracting the strongly adsorbed irreversible chains were selected based on their relative desorption energy difference with polymer. The PS thin films rinsed in chloroform with higher polarity than that of toluene showed a higher decrease in the residual film thickness but exhibited earlier growth of holes and dewetting in the film. The un-annealed samples with a higher oxide film thickness showed a higher decrease in the PS residual film thickness. The effective viscosity of PS thin films spin-coated on H-Si substrates increased because of more resistance to flow dynamics due to the stronger polymer-substrate interaction as compared to that of Si-SiOx substrates. By decreasing the film thickness, the overall effective mobility of the film increased and led to the decrease in the effective viscosity, with matching results of the film morphology from atomic force microscopy (AFM). The polymer film maintained low viscosity until a certain period of time, whereupon further annealing occurred, and the formation of holes in the film grew, which ultimately dewetted the film. The residual film decrement, growth of holes in the film, and dewetting of the polymer-confined thin film showed dependence on the effective viscosity, the strength of solvent used, and various involved interactions on the surface of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Ur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Yonghao Xi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Haipeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Dongjie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Jinjia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (F.C.)
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9
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Madkour S, Gawek M, Hertwig A, Schönhals A. Do Interfacial Layers in Thin Films Act as an Independent Layer within Thin Films? Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Madkour
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Gawek
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hertwig
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Popov I, Carroll B, Bocharova V, Genix AC, Cheng S, Khamzin A, Kisliuk A, Sokolov AP. Strong Reduction in Amplitude of the Interfacial Segmental Dynamics in Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Popov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Shiwang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lancing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Airat Khamzin
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia
| | - Alexander Kisliuk
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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11
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Owusu-Ware SK, Boateng JS, Chowdhry BZ, Antonijevic MD. Glassy state molecular mobility and its relationship to the physico-mechanical properties of plasticized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films. Int J Pharm X 2019; 1:100033. [PMID: 31528853 PMCID: PMC6744590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in tensile properties and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of plasticized polymer films are typically attributed to molecular mobility, often with no empirical data to support such an assertion. Herein solvent cast HPMC films containing varying amounts of PEG, as the plasticizer, were used to assess the dependence of tensile properties and the Tg on glassy state molecular mobility. Molecular mobility (molecular relaxation time and temperature) parameters were determined by Thermally Stimulated Current Spectroscopy (TSC). The tensile properties and Tg of the HPMC films were determined by texture analysis and DSC, respectively. Molecular mobilities detected by TSC were cooperative and occurred at temperatures (Tg′) well below (113 to 127 °C) the bulk Tg. The relaxation times (τ) were 71 ± 1, 46 ± 1, 42 ± 1, 36 ± 1 and 29 ± 1 s for HPMC films containing 0, 6, 8, 11 and 17% (w/w) PEG, respectively. The Tg and glassy state molecular mobility were found to be intimately linked and demonstrated a linear dependence. While tensile strength was found to be linearly related to molecular relaxation time, tensile elongation and elastic modulus exhibited a non-linear dependence on molecular mobility. The data presented in this work demonstrates the complex nature of the relationship between plasticizer content, molecular mobility, Tg and tensile properties for plasticized polymeric films. It highlights the fact that the dependence of the bulk physico-mechanical properties on glassy state molecular mobility, differ greatly. Therefore, empirical characterization of molecular mobility is important to fully understand and predict the thermo-mechanical behavior of plasticized polymer films. This work demonstrates the unique capability of TSC to provide key information relating to molecular mobility and its influence on the bulk properties of materials. Data generated using TSC could prove useful for stability and performance ranking, in addition to the ability to predict materials behavior using data generated at or below typical storage conditions in the pharmaceutical, food, and polymer industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua S. Boateng
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich (Medway Campus), Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Babur Z. Chowdhry
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich (Medway Campus), Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Milan D. Antonijevic
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich (Medway Campus), Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- Corresponding authors.
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12
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Szymoniak P, Gawek M, Madkour S, Schönhals A. Confinement and localization effects revealed for thin films of the miscible blend poly(vinyl methyl ether)/polystyrene with a composition of 25/75 wt% ⋆. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:101. [PMID: 31396769 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thin films (200-7nm) of the asymmetric polymer blend poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)/polystyrene (PS) (25/75wt%) were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). Thicker samples ([Formula: see text]37 nm) were measured by crossed electrode capacitors (CEC), where the film is capped between Al-electrodes. For thinner films ([Formula: see text]37 nm) nanostructured capacitors (NSC) were employed, allowing one free surface in the film. The dielectric spectra of the thick films showed three relaxation processes ( [Formula: see text] -, [Formula: see text] - and [Formula: see text] -relaxation), like the bulk, related to PVME fluctuations in local spatial regions with different PS concentrations. The thickness dependence of the [Formula: see text] -process for films measured by CECs proved a spatially heterogeneous structure across the film with a PS-adsorption at the Al-electrodes. On the contrary, for the films measured by NSCs a PVME segregation at the free surface was found, resulting in faster dynamics, compared to the CECs. Moreover, for the thinnest films ([Formula: see text]26 nm) an additional relaxation process was detected. It was assigned to restricted fluctuations of PVME segments within the loosely bounded part of the adsorbed layer, proving that for NSCs a PVME enrichment takes place also at the polymer/substrate interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Gawek
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sherif Madkour
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Nikitin D, Madkour S, Pleskunov P, Tafiichuk R, Shelemin A, Hanuš J, Gordeev I, Sysolyatina E, Lavrikova A, Ermolaeva S, Titov V, Schönhals A, Choukourov A. Cu nanoparticles constrain segmental dynamics of cross-linked polyethers: a trade-off between non-fouling and antibacterial properties. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2884-2896. [PMID: 30849134 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper has a strong bactericidal effect against multi-drug resistant pathogens and polyethers are known for their resistance to biofilm formation. Herein, we combined Cu nanoparticles (NPs) and a polyether plasma polymer in the form of nanocomposite thin films and studied whether both effects can be coupled. Cu NPs were produced by magnetron sputtering via the aggregation in a cool buffer gas whereas polyether layers were synthesized by Plasma-Assisted Vapor Phase Deposition with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) used as a precursor. In situ specific heat spectroscopy and XPS analysis revealed the formation of a modified polymer layer around the NPs which propagates on the scale of a few nanometers from the Cu NP/polymer interface and then transforms into a bulk polymer phase. The chemical composition of the modified layer is found to be ether-deficient due to the catalytic influence of copper whereas the bulk polymer phase exhibits the chemical composition close to the original PEO. Two cooperative glass transition phenomena are revealed that belong to the modified polymer layer and the bulk phase. The former is characterized by constrained mobility of polymer segments which manifests itself via a 30 K increase of dynamic glass transition temperature. Furthermore, the modified layer is characterized by the heterogeneous structure which results in higher fragility of this layer as compared to the bulk phase. The Cu NPs/polyether thin films exhibit reduced protein adsorption; however, the constrained segmental dynamics leads to the deterioration of the non-fouling properties for ultra-thin polyether coatings. The films are found to have a bactericidal effect against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Nikitin
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Sherif Madkour
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und - prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pavel Pleskunov
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Renata Tafiichuk
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Artem Shelemin
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Hanuš
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Gordeev
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Sysolyatina
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Lavrikova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ermolaeva
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valerii Titov
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und - prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andrei Choukourov
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
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14
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Ma F, Xu B, Song Y, Zheng Q. Influence of molecular weight on molecular dynamics and dynamic rheology of polypropylene glycol filled with silica. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31972-31978. [PMID: 35547494 PMCID: PMC9085909 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04497j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular weight strongly influences the molecular dynamics and rheological responses of nanocomposites, which is far from being well understood. Herein molecular dynamics and rheological behaviors of hydrophilic fumed silica filled unentangled polypropylene glycol (PPG) were investigated as a function of weight averaged molecular weight (M w) of PPG and volume fraction (∅) of silica. It is shown that M w does not affect the glassy layers surrounding the nanoparticles and the segmental dynamics of the mobile PPG phase. On the other hand, the mobile PPG phase in the highly filled nanocomposites exhibits an abnormal "more fragile" to "stronger" transition with increasing M w. The reinforcement and thinning behaviors are stronger in lower-M w nanocomposites with the "more fragile" mobile PPG phase. The results suggest that reinforcement of nanocomposites affects the dynamic fragility of the mobile phase of the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furui Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bei Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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15
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Xiong Y, Wang Q, Duan M, Xu J, Chen J, Fang S. Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Microspheres as Biomimetic Recognition Material for In Situ Adsorption and Selective Chemiluminescence Determination of Bisphenol A. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070780. [PMID: 30960705 PMCID: PMC6403925 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupter in environments which can induce abnormal differentiation of reproductive organs by interfering with the action of endogenous gonadal steroid hormones. In this work, the bisphenol A (BPA) molecularly-imprinted microspheres (MIMS) were prepared and used as biomimetic recognition material for in situ adsorption and selective chemiluminescence (CL) determination of BPA. Through non-covalent interaction, the BPA-MIMS was successfully prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization using a BPA template, 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) cross-linker, and a SiO2 dispersion agent. The characterization of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-disperse spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the obtained MIMS possessed a regular spherical shape and narrow diameter distribution (25–30 μm). The binding experiment indicated BPA could be adsorbed in situ on the MIMS-packing cell with an apparent maximum amount Qmax of 677.3 μg g−1. Then BPA could be selectively detected by its sensitive inhibition effect on the CL reaction between luminol and periodate (KIO4), and the inhibition mechanism was discussed to reveal the CL reaction process. The CL intensity was linear to BPA concentrations in two ranges, respectively from 0.5 to 1.5 μg mL−1 with a detection limit of 8.0 ng mL−1 (3σ), and from 1.5 to 15 μg mL−1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 80 ng mL−1 (3σ). The BPA-MIPMS showed excellent selectivity for BPA adsorption and the proposed CL method has been successfully applied to BPA determination in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Oil and Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Ming Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Oil and Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Dalian 116001, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Shenwen Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Oil and Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
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16
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Wang W, Tang M, Wang X, Xu C, Wang Z. Making a Rapid Completion of Crystallization for Bisphenol A Polycarbonate by a Double-Layer Film Method. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Miao Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Cui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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17
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Qiu X, Zhang Y, Wu H, Yang R, Yang J, Liu R, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Hao T, Nie Y. Blocked crystallization in capped ultrathin polymer films studied by molecular simulations. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qiu
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Rongjuan Liu
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Zhiping Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Tongfan Hao
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yijing Nie
- Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
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18
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Bourdet A, Esposito A, Thiyagarajan S, Delbreilh L, Affouard F, Knoop RJI, Dargent E. Molecular Mobility in Amorphous Biobased Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) and Poly(ethylene 2,4-furandicarboxylate). Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bourdet
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Antonella Esposito
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Laurent Delbreilh
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Frédéric Affouard
- UMET, UMR CNRS 8207, Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Rutger J. I. Knoop
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Dargent
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 76000 Rouen, France
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19
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Sharma RP, Dong BX, Green PF. Role of Thickness Confinement on Relaxations of the Fast Component in a Miscible A/B Blend. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter F. Green
- National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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20
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Chanson R, Zhang L, Naumov S, Mankelevich YA, Tillocher T, Lefaucheux P, Dussart R, Gendt SD, Marneffe JFD. Damage-free plasma etching of porous organo-silicate low-k using micro-capillary condensation above -50 °C. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1886. [PMID: 29382890 PMCID: PMC5789876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The micro-capillary condensation of a new high boiling point organic reagent (HBPO), is studied in a periodic mesoporous oxide (PMO) with ∼34 % porosity and k-value ∼2.3. At a partial pressure of 3 mT, the onset of micro-capillary condensation occurs around +20 °C and the low-k matrix is filled at -20 °C. The condensed phase shows high stability from -50 < T ≤-35 °C, and persists in the pores when the low-k is exposed to a SF6-based plasma discharge. The etching properties of a SF6-based 150W-biased plasma discharge, using as additive this new HBPO gas, shows that negligible damage can be achieved at -50 °C, with acceptable etch rates. The evolution of the damage depth as a function of time was studied without bias and indicates that Si-CH3 loss occurs principally through Si-C dissociation by VUV photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chanson
- IMEC v.z.w., 75 Kapeldreef, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - L Zhang
- IMEC v.z.w., 75 Kapeldreef, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Naumov
- Leibniz-Institut fur Oberflachenmodifizierun, 15 Permoserstrasse, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu A Mankelevich
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, SINP MSU, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - T Tillocher
- GREMI, University of Orleans and CNRS, 45067, Orleans, France
| | - P Lefaucheux
- GREMI, University of Orleans and CNRS, 45067, Orleans, France
| | - R Dussart
- GREMI, University of Orleans and CNRS, 45067, Orleans, France
| | - S De Gendt
- KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Madkour S, Szymoniak P, Radnik J, Schönhals A. Unraveling the Dynamics of Nanoscopically Confined PVME in Thin Films of a Miscible PVME/PS Blend. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37289-37299. [PMID: 28984128 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) was employed to investigate the glassy dynamics of thin films (7-200 nm) of a poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)/polystyrene (PS) blend (50:50 wt %). For BDS measurements, nanostructured capacitors (NSCs) were employed, where films are allowed a free surface. This method was applied for film thicknesses up to 36 nm. For thicker films, samples were prepared between crossed electrode capacitors (CECs). The relaxation spectra of the films showed multiple processes. The first process was assigned to the α-relaxation of a bulklike layer. For films measured by NSCs, the rates of α-relaxation were higher compared to those of the bulk blend. This behavior was related to the PVME-rich free surface layer at the polymer/air interface. The second process was observed for all films measured by CECs (process X) and the 36 nm film measured by NSCs (process X2). This process was assigned to fluctuations of constraint PVME segments by PS. Its activation energy was found to be thickness-dependent because of the evidenced thickness dependency of the compositional heterogeneity. Finally, a third process with an activated temperature dependence was observed for all films measured by NSCs (process X1). It resembled the molecular fluctuations in an adsorbed layer found for thin films of pure PVME, and thus, it is assigned accordingly. This process undergoes an extra confinement because of frozen adsorbed PS segments at the polymer/substrate interface. To our knowledge, this is the first example where confinement-induced changes were observed by BDS for blend thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Madkour
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung-(BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung-(BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Radnik
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung-(BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung-(BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Jiang N, Cheung J, Guo Y, Endoh MK, Koga T, Yuan G, Satija SK. Stability of Adsorbed Polystyrene Nanolayers on Silicon Substrates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - JustinM. Cheung
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
- Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐3400 USA
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
| | - Sushil K. Satija
- Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
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23
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Madkour S, Szymoniak P, Heidari M, von Klitzing R, Schönhals A. Unveiling the Dynamics of Self-Assembled Layers of Thin Films of Poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) by Nanosized Relaxation Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7535-7546. [PMID: 28155271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A combination of nanosized dielectric relaxation (BDS) and thermal spectroscopy (SHS) was utilized to characterize the dynamics of thin films of poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) (thicknesses: 7-160 nm). For the BDS measurements, a recently designed nanostructured electrode system is employed. A thin film is spin-coated on an ultraflat highly conductive silicon wafer serving as the bottom electrode. As top electrode, a highly conductive wafer with nonconducting nanostructured SiO2 nanospacers with heights of 35 or 70 nm is assembled on the bottom electrode. This procedure results in thin supported films with a free polymer/air interface. The BDS measurements show two relaxation processes, which are analyzed unambiguously for thicknesses smaller than 50 nm. The relaxation rates of both processes have different temperature dependencies. One process coincides in its position and temperature dependence with the glassy dynamics of bulk PVME and is ascribed to the dynamic glass transition of a bulk-like layer in the middle of the film. The relaxation rates were found to be thickness independent as confirmed by SHS. Unexpectedly, the relaxation rates of the second process obey an Arrhenius-like temperature dependence. This process was not observed by SHS and was related to the constrained fluctuations in a layer, which is irreversibly adsorbed at the substrate with a heterogeneous structure. Its molecular fluctuations undergo a confinement effect resulting in the localization of the segmental dynamics. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular dynamics of an adsorbed layer in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Madkour
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung (BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung (BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mojdeh Heidari
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17, Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17, Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung (BAM) , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Napolitano S, Glynos E, Tito NB. Glass transition of polymers in bulk, confined geometries, and near interfaces. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:036602. [PMID: 28134134 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When cooled or pressurized, polymer melts exhibit a tremendous reduction in molecular mobility. If the process is performed at a constant rate, the structural relaxation time of the liquid eventually exceeds the time allowed for equilibration. This brings the system out of equilibrium, and the liquid is operationally defined as a glass-a solid lacking long-range order. Despite almost 100 years of research on the (liquid/)glass transition, it is not yet clear which molecular mechanisms are responsible for the unique slow-down in molecular dynamics. In this review, we first introduce the reader to experimental methodologies, theories, and simulations of glassy polymer dynamics and vitrification. We then analyse the impact of connectivity, structure, and chain environment on molecular motion at the length scale of a few monomers, as well as how macromolecular architecture affects the glass transition of non-linear polymers. We then discuss a revised picture of nanoconfinement, going beyond a simple picture based on interfacial interactions and surface/volume ratio. Analysis of a large body of experimental evidence, results from molecular simulations, and predictions from theory supports, instead, a more complex framework where other parameters are relevant. We focus discussion specifically on local order, free volume, irreversible chain adsorption, the Debye-Waller factor of confined and confining media, chain rigidity, and the absolute value of the vitrification temperature. We end by highlighting the molecular origin of distributions in relaxation times and glass transition temperatures which exceed, by far, the size of a chain. Fast relaxation modes, almost universally present at the free surface between polymer and air, are also remarked upon. These modes relax at rates far larger than those characteristic of glassy dynamics in bulk. We speculate on how these may be a signature of unique relaxation processes occurring in confined or heterogeneous polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Masurel RJ, Gelineau P, Cantournet S, Dequidt A, Long DR, Lequeux F, Montes H. Role of Dynamical Heterogeneities on the Mechanical Response of Confined Polymer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:047801. [PMID: 28186782 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.047801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Confinement induces various modifications in the dynamics of polymers as compared to bulk. We focus here on the role of dynamical heterogeneities on the mechanics of confined polymers. Using a simple model that allows computation of the mechanical response over 10 decades in frequency, we show that the local mechanical coupling controlling the macroscopic response in the bulk disappears in a confined geometry. The slowest domains significantly contribute to the mechanical response for increasing confinement. As a consequence, the apparent glass transition is broadened and shifted towards lower frequencies as confinement increases. We compare our numerical predictions with experiments performed on poly(ethylacrylate) chains in model filled elastomers. We suggest that the change of elastic coupling between domains induced by confinement should contribute significantly to the polymer mobility shift observed on filled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Masurel
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM), CNRS-UMR 7615, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de Paris (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - P Gelineau
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM), CNRS-UMR 7615, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de Paris (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S Cantournet
- MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, MAT-Centre des Matériaux, CNRS UMR 7633, BP 87 91003 Evry, France
| | - A Dequidt
- Univ. Clermont Ferrand, Inst. Chim. Clermont Ferrand, UMR 6296, F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - D R Long
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS/Solvay, 87, rue des frères Perret, F-69192 Saint Fons, France
| | - F Lequeux
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM), CNRS-UMR 7615, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de Paris (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - H Montes
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM), CNRS-UMR 7615, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de Paris (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
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26
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Mangal R, Wen YH, Choudhury S, Archer LA. Multiscale Dynamics of Polymers in Particle-Rich Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mangal
- Robert Frederick Smith School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yu Ho Wen
- Robert Frederick Smith School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Snehashis Choudhury
- Robert Frederick Smith School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- Robert Frederick Smith School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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27
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Christie D, Zhang C, Fu J, Koel B, Priestley RD. Glass transition temperature of colloidal polystyrene dispersed in various liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dane Christie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Chemistry; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
| | - Bruce Koel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
- Department of Chemistry; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
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28
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Geng K, Tsui OKC. Effects of Polymer Tacticity and Molecular Weight on the Glass Transition Temperature of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films on Silica. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Geng
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division
of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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29
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30
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Lan T, Torkelson JM. Fragility-Confinement Effects: Apparent Universality as a Function of Scaled Thickness in Films of Freely Deposited, Linear Polymer and Its Absence in Densely Grafted Brushes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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31
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da Silva CA, Budde H, Menzel M, Wendler U, Bartke M, Weydert M, Beiner M. Self-assembled structure and relaxation dynamics of diblock copolymers made of polybutadiene and styrene/butadiene rubber. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06786g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrelations between self-assembled structure and cooperative α dynamics are systematically studied based on two series of poly(butadiene-block-(styrene-stat-butadiene)) diblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. da Silva
- Goodyear Innovation Center Luxembourg
- L-7750 Colmar-Berg
- Luxembourg
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II
| | - H. Budde
- Fraunhofer PAZ
- D-06258 Schkopau
- Germany
| | - M. Menzel
- Fraunhofer IMWS
- D-06120 Halle (Saale)
- Germany
| | | | - M. Bartke
- Fraunhofer PAZ
- D-06258 Schkopau
- Germany
| | - M. Weydert
- Goodyear Innovation Center Luxembourg
- L-7750 Colmar-Berg
- Luxembourg
| | - M. Beiner
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II
- D-06099 Halle (Saale)
- Germany
- Fraunhofer IMWS
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32
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Owusu-Ware SK, Boateng J, Jordan D, Portefaix S, Tasseto R, Ramano CD, Antonijević MD. Molecular mobility of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) films characterised by thermally stimulated currents (TSC) spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2016; 497:222-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Dai X, Zhang J, Ren Z, Li H, Sun X, Yan S. A grazing incident XRD study on the structure of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ultrathin films sandwiched between Si wafers and amorphous polymers. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00613b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystallization behavior and morphology of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) ultrathin films sandwiched between Si wafers and amorphous thin polymer layers were studied by using grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXD) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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34
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Rijal B, Delbreilh L, Saiter A. Dynamic Heterogeneity and Cooperative Length Scale at Dynamic Glass Transition in Glass Forming Liquids. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bidur Rijal
- AMME-LECAP
EA 4528 International
Laboratory, Normandie Université, Université et INSA de Rouen, Av. de l’Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- AMME-LECAP
EA 4528 International
Laboratory, Normandie Université, Université et INSA de Rouen, Av. de l’Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Allisson Saiter
- AMME-LECAP
EA 4528 International
Laboratory, Normandie Université, Université et INSA de Rouen, Av. de l’Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex, France
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35
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Madkour S, Yin H, Füllbrandt M, Schönhals A. Calorimetric evidence for a mobile surface layer in ultrathin polymeric films: poly(2-vinyl pyridine). SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:7942-7952. [PMID: 26324951 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Specific heat spectroscopy was used to study the dynamic glass transition of ultrathin poly(2-vinyl pyridine) films (thicknesses: 405-10 nm). The amplitude and the phase angle of the differential voltage were obtained as a measure of the complex heat capacity. In a traditional data analysis, the dynamic glass transition temperature Tg is estimated from the phase angle. These data showed no thickness dependency on Tg down to 22 nm (error of the measurement of ±3 K). A derivative-based method was established, evidencing a decrease in Tg with decreasing thickness up to 7 K, which can be explained by a surface layer. For ultrathin films, data showed broadening at the lower temperature side of the spectra, supporting the existence of a surface layer. Finally, temperature dependence of the heat capacity in the glassy and liquid states changes with film thickness, which can be considered as a confinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Madkour
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, D-12200 Berlin, Germany.
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36
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Volynskii AL, Yarysheva AY, Rukhlya EG, Yarysheva LM, Bakeev NF. Effect of spatial restrictions at the nanometer scale on structuring in glassy and crystalline polymers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x15050168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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38
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Jiang N, Endoh MK, Koga T. Structures and Dynamics of Adsorbed Polymer Nanolayers on Planar Solids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21948-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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39
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Wang J, McKenna GB. Viscoelastic properties of ultrathin polycarbonate films by liquid dewetting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas 79409-3121
| | - Gregory B. McKenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas 79409-3121
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40
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Yin H, Madkour S, Schönhals A. Unambiguous Evidence for a Highly Mobile Surface Layer in Ultrathin Polymer Films by Specific Heat Spectroscopy on Blends. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Yin
- BAM Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung
und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen
87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sherif Madkour
- BAM Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung
und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen
87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- BAM Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung
und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen
87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Schammé B, Couvrat N, Malpeli P, Delbreilh L, Dupray V, Dargent É, Coquerel G. Crystallization kinetics and molecular mobility of an amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient: A case study with Biclotymol. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:248-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Taniguchi N, Fukao K, Sotta P, Long DR. Dielectric relaxation of thin films of polyamide random copolymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:052605. [PMID: 26066192 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.052605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the relaxation behavior of thin films of a polyamide random copolymer, PA66/6I, with various film thicknesses using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Two dielectric signals are observed at high temperatures, the α process and the relaxation process due to electrode polarization (the EP process). The relaxation time of the EP process has a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann type of temperature dependence, and the glass transition temperature, T(g), evaluated from the EP process agrees very well with the T(g) determined from the thermal measurements. The fragility index derived from the EP process increases with decreasing film thickness. The relaxation time and the dielectric relaxation strength of the EP process are described by a linear function of the film thickness d for large values of d, which can be regarded as experimental evidence for the validity of attributing the observed signal to the EP process. Furthermore, there is distinct deviation from this linear law for thicknesses smaller than a critical value. This deviation observed in thinner films is associated with an increase in the mobility and/or diffusion constant of the charge carriers responsible for the EP process. The α process is located in a higher-frequency region than the EP process at high temperatures but merges with the EP process at lower temperatures near the glass transition region. The thickness dependence of the relaxation time of the α process is different from that of the EP process. This suggests that there is decoupling between the segmental motion of the polymers and the translational motion of the charge carriers in confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Taniguchi
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Paul Sotta
- Laboratoire Polyméres et Matériaux Avancès Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS/Solvay 5268, Axel'One, 87 Avenue des Frères Perret, F-69192 Saint Fons, France
| | - Didier R Long
- Laboratoire Polyméres et Matériaux Avancès Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS/Solvay 5268, Axel'One, 87 Avenue des Frères Perret, F-69192 Saint Fons, France
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43
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Zhang L, Torkelson JM. Influence of initiator fragments as chain ends on the Tg-confinement effect and dewetting of thin films of ultralow molecular weight polymer. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Dhotel A, Chen Z, Sun J, Youssef B, Saiter JM, Schönhals A, Tan L, Delbreilh L. From monomers to self-assembled monolayers: the evolution of molecular mobility with structural confinements. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:719-731. [PMID: 25466448 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of structural constriction on molecular mobility is investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) within three types of molecular arrangements: monomers, oligomers and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). While disordered monomers exhibit a variety of cooperative and local relaxation processes, the constrained nanodomains of oligomers and highly ordered structure of monolayers exhibit much hindered local molecular fluctuations. Particularly, in SAMs, motions of the silane headgroups are totally prevented whereas the polar endgroups forming the monolayer canopy show only one cooperative relaxation process. This latter molecular fluctuation is, for the first time, observed independently from other overlapping dielectric signals. Numerous electrostatic interactions among those dipolar endgroups are responsible for the strong cooperativity and heterogeneity of the canopy relaxation process. Our data analyses also revealed that the bulkiness of dipolar endgroups can disrupt the organization of the monolayer canopy thus increasing their ability to fluctuate as temperature is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dhotel
- AMME-LECAP, EA4528, International Lab., Av. de l'Université, B.P. 12, Normandie Univ. France, Université and INSA Rouen, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France.
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45
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Bao S, Wu Q, Qin W, Yu Q, Wang J, Liang G, Tang BZ. Sensitive and reliable detection of glass transition of polymers by fluorescent probes based on AIE luminogens. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00308c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable approach for the detection of the glass transition of polymers using AIE luminogens as fluorescent probes was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Bao
- DSAP lab
- PCFM lab
- GDHPPC lab
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Qihua Wu
- DSAP lab
- PCFM lab
- GDHPPC lab
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Wei Qin
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute
- Nanshan, Shenzhen
- China 518057
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study
| | - Qiuling Yu
- DSAP lab
- PCFM lab
- GDHPPC lab
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Jing Wang
- DSAP lab
- PCFM lab
- GDHPPC lab
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Guodong Liang
- DSAP lab
- PCFM lab
- GDHPPC lab
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute
- Nanshan, Shenzhen
- China 518057
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study
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46
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Babur T, Balko J, Budde H, Beiner M. Confined relaxation dynamics in long range ordered polyesters with comb-like architecture. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Martínez-Tong DE, Vanroy B, Wübbenhorst M, Nogales A, Napolitano S. Crystallization of Poly(l-lactide) Confined in Ultrathin Films: Competition between Finite Size Effects and Irreversible Chain Adsorption. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Martínez-Tong
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - B. Vanroy
- Laboratory
of Acoustics and Thermal Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven,3001, Belgium
| | - M. Wübbenhorst
- Laboratory
of Acoustics and Thermal Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven,3001, Belgium
| | - A. Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - S. Napolitano
- Laboratory
of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bâtiment
NO, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
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48
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Entropy reduction phenomenon in the non-equilibrium state of freeze-dried polymethyl methacrylate samples. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Arabeche K, Delbreilh L, Saiter JM, Michler G, Adhikari R, Baer E. Fragility and molecular mobility in micro- and nano-layered PC/PMMA films. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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A microvolume molecularly imprinted polymer modified fiber-optic evanescent wave sensor for bisphenol A determination. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2411-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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