1
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Huang KH, Liu HH, Cheng KY, Tsai CL, Cheng YJ. Sequence-controlled alternating block polychalcogenophenes: synthesis, structural characterization, molecular properties, and transistors for bromine detection. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8552-8563. [PMID: 37592995 PMCID: PMC10430600 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence-controlled polychalcogenophenes have attracted much interest in terms of synthesis, structure and function in polymer science. For the first time, we developed a new class of alternating block conjugated copolymers denoted as poly(alt-AB)x-b-(alt-AC)y where both blocks are constituted by an alternating copolymer. 3-Hexylthiophene (S), 3-hexylselenophene (Se) and 3-hexyltellurophene (Te) are used as A, B and C units to assemble three sequence-controlled polychalcogenophenes P(SSe)b(STe), P(SSe)b(SeTe) and P(STe)b(SeTe) which are prepared by adding two different Grignard monomers in sequence to carry out Ni(dppp)Cl2-catalyzed Kumada polymerization. The molecular weight, dispersity, and length of each block (x = y) and main-chain sequence can be synthetically controlled via the catalyst transfer polycondensation mechanism. The polymer structures, i.e. alternating block main chain with high side-chain regioregularity, are unambiguously confirmed by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The optical and electrochemical properties of the polymers can be systematically fine-tuned by the composition and ratio of the chalcogenophenes. From GIWAXS measurements, all the polymers exhibited predominantly edge-on orientations, indicating that the packing behaviors of the alternating block polychalcogenophenes with high regioregularity are inherited from the highly crystalline P3HT. P(SSe)b(STe) exhibited a hole OFET mobility of 1.4 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1, which represents one of the highest values among the tellurophene-containing polychalcogenophenes. The tellurophene units in the polymers can undergo Br2 addition to form the oxidized TeBr2 species which results in dramatically red-shifted absorption due to the alternating arrangement to induce strong charge transfer character. The OFET devices using the tellurophene-containing polychalcogenophenes can be applied for Br2 detection, showing high sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
| | - Huai-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
| | - Kuang-Yi Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
| | - Chia-Lin Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
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2
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Hu H, Mu X, Li B, Gui R, Shi R, Chen T, Liu J, Yuan J, Ma J, Gao K, Hao X, Yin H. Desirable Uniformity and Reproducibility of Electron Transport in Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205040. [PMID: 36658728 PMCID: PMC10015880 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the simplified fabrication process and desirable microstructural stability, the limited charge transport properties of block copolymers and double-cable conjugated polymers hinder the overall performance of single-component photovoltaic devices. Based on the key distinction in the donor (D)-acceptor (A) bonding patterns between single-component and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices, rationalizing the difference between the transport mechanisms is crucial to understanding the structure-property correlation. Herein, the barrier formed between the D-A covalent bond that hinders electron transport in a series of single-component photovoltaic devices is investigated. The electron transport in block copolymer-based devices is strongly dependent on the electric field. However, these devices demonstrate exceptional advantages with respect to the charge transport properties, involving high stability to compositional variations, improved film uniformity, and device reproducibility. This work not only illustrates the specific charge transport behavior in block copolymer-based devices but also clarifies the enormous commercial viability of large-area single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Hu
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Mu
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and DevicesCollaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Ruohua Gui
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Rui Shi
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and DevicesCollaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
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3
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Ahluwalia G, Subbiah J, Mitchell VD, Saker Neto N, Jones DJ. One-Pot Synthesis of Fully Conjugated Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Using Asymmetrically Functionalized Push–Pull Monomers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Ahluwalia
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Valerie D. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicolau Saker Neto
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J. Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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4
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Idriss H, Gapin A, Khelifi W, Blanc S, Karamé I, Chambon S, Hirsch L, Bousquet A, Lartigau-Dagron C. Complementary Absorption versus Morphology in All-Conjugated Block Copolymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Idriss
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Adèle Gapin
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Wissem Khelifi
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Sylvie Blanc
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Iyad Karamé
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Organometallic and Materials (LCOM), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Sylvain Chambon
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (UMI2820), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Antoine Bousquet
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
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5
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Sanzone A, Calascibetta A, Monti M, Mattiello S, Sassi M, Corsini F, Griffini G, Sommer M, Beverina L. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers by Sustainable Suzuki Polycondensation in Water and under Aerobic Conditions. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1167-1171. [PMID: 35653208 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated semiconducting polymers are key materials enabling plastic (opto)electronic devices. Research in the field has a generally strong focus on the constant improvement of backbone structure and the resulting properties. Comparatively fewer studies are devoted to improving the sustainability of the synthetic route that leads to a material under scrutiny. Exemplified by the two established and commercially available luminescent polymers poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-bithiophene) (PF8T2) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PF8BT), this work describes the first examples of efficient Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensations in water, under ambient environment, with minimal amount of organic solvent and with moderate heating. The synthetic approach enables a reduction of the E-factor (mass of organic waste/mass of product) by 1 order of magnitude, without negatively affecting molecular weight, dispersity, chemical structure, or photochemical stability of PF8T2 or PF8BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sanzone
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Adiel Calascibetta
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Monti
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Corsini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute for Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
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6
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Kempe F, Riehle F, Komber H, Matsidik R, Walter M, Sommer M. Semifluorinated, kinked polyarylenes via direct arylation polycondensation. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Tg of semifluorinated polyarylenes made via DAP is varied between 35–195 °C depending on side chain, but solubilities are much less side chain dependent. This is explained by interactions between alkoxyphenyl and tetrafluorobenzene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kempe
- Chemnitz University of Technology
- 09111 Chemnitz
- Germany
| | - Felix Riehle
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | | | - Michael Walter
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)
- University of Freiburg
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
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7
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Folgado E, Guerre M, Da Costa A, Ferri A, Addad A, Ladmiral V, Semsarilar M. “One-pot” aminolysis/thia-Michael addition preparation of well-defined amphiphilic PVDF-b-PEG-b-PVDF triblock copolymers: self-assembly behaviour in mixed solvents. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel amphiphilic PVDF-based triblock copolymer (PVDF50-b-PEG136-b-PVDF50) is synthesized using RAFT polymerization and a one-pot thia-Michael addition. Self-assembly of this ABA copolymer resulted in formation of original crystalline structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Folgado
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier
- ICGM UMR5253
- Univ Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Marc Guerre
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier
- ICGM UMR5253
- Univ Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | | | - Anthony Ferri
- Université Artois
- CNRS
- Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Université Lille
| | - Ahmed Addad
- Université Lille
- Sciences et Technologies
- CNRS
- Unité Matériaux Et Transformations (UMET)
- F-59000 Lille
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier
- ICGM UMR5253
- Univ Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM
- UMR5635
- Univ Montpellier
- CNRS
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8
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Shi D, Wang H, Sun H, Yuan W, Wang S, Huang W. Improved efficiency of single-component active layer photovoltaics by optimizing conjugated diblock copolymers. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using an A–B type monomer instead of an AA + BB type monomer to synthesise diblock copolymers, the PCE of a single-component photovoltaic device reached 1.22%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Shi
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
| | - Huabin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Hua Sun
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Wenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Shifan Wang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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9
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Litofsky JH, Lee Y, Aplan MP, Kuei B, Hexemer A, Wang C, Wang Q, Gomez ED. Polarized Soft X-ray Scattering Reveals Chain Orientation within Nanoscale Polymer Domains. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94530, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94530, United States
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10
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Rahmanudin A, Yao L, Sekar A, Cho HH, Liu Y, Lhermitte CR, Sivula K. Fully Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaics via Heck-Mizoroki Coupling. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:134-139. [PMID: 35619421 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of facile routes to prepare fully conjugated block copolymers (BCPs) from diverse monomers is an important goal for advancing robust bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein we introduce a synthetic strategy for step-growth BCPs employing 1,2-bis(trialkylstannyl)ethene as one monomer, which, in addition to offering improved backbone planarity, directly yields a vinylene-terminated macromonomer suitable for Heck-Mizoroki coupling. The benefits of our strategy, which facilitates the preparation of functionalized macromonomers suitable for BCP synthesis, are demonstrated with a representative BCP based on a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) copolymer coded pBDTTDPP as the donor block and a perylenediimide (PDI) copolymer coded as pPDIV as the acceptor block. Feed ratio optimization affords control over the macromonomer chain-end functionalities and allows for the selective formation of a tri-BCP consisting of pPDIV-b-pBDTTDPP-b-pPDIV, which is employed in a single-component BHJ OPV. Devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 1.51% after thermal stress at 150 °C compared to 0.02% for a control device consisting of a comparable blend of pBDTTDPP and pPDIV. The difference in performance is ascribed to the morphological stability of the BHJ when using the BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Rahmanudin
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Liang Yao
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Arvindh Sekar
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Han-Hee Cho
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Yongpeng Liu
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Charles R. Lhermitte
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Sivula
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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11
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Nübling F, Hopper TR, Kuei B, Komber H, Untilova V, Schmidt SB, Brinkmann M, Gomez ED, Bakulin AA, Sommer M. Block Junction-Functionalized All-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1143-1155. [PMID: 30523687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Junction-functionalized donor-acceptor (D-A) block copolymers (BCPs) enable spatial and electronic control over interfacial charge dynamics in excitonic devices such as solar cells. Here, we present the design, synthesis, morphology, and electronic characterization of block junction-functionalized, all-conjugated, all-crystalline D-A BCPs. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a single thienylated diketopyrrolopyrrole (Th xDPPTh x, x = 1 or 2) unit, and poly{[ N, N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDIT2) are used as donor, interfacial unit, and acceptor, respectively. Almost all C-C coupling steps are accomplished by virtue of C-H activation. Synthesis of the macroreagent H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x, with x determining its C-H reactivity, is key to the synthesis of various BCPs of type H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x- block-PNDIT2. Morphology is determined from a combination of calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thin-film scattering. Block copolymer crystallinity of P3HT and PNDIT2 is reduced, indicating frustrated crystallization. A long period lp is invisible from TEM, but shows up in resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments at a length scale of lp ∼ 60 nm. Photoluminescence of H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x indicates efficient transfer of the excitation energy to the DPP chain end, but is quenched in BCP films. Transient absorption and pump-push photocurrent spectroscopies reveal geminate recombination (GR) as the main loss channel in as-prepared BCP films independent of junction functionalization. Melt annealing increases GR as a result of the low degree of crystallinity and poorly defined interfaces and additionally changes backbone orientation of PNDIT2 from face-on to edge-on. These morphological effects dominate solar cell performance and cause an insensitivity to the presence of the block junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | | | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Viktoriia Untilova
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Simon B Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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12
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Mitchell VD, Jones DJ. Advances toward the effective use of block copolymers as organic photovoltaic active layers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Donor/acceptor block copolymers for organic photovoltaic active layers are discussed from first principles through the modern state-of-the-art and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. D. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Bio21 Institute
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - D. J. Jones
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Bio21 Institute
- Parkville
- Australia
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13
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Bhardwaj D, Shahjad, Gupta S, Yadav P, Bhargav R, Patra A. All Conjugated Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block
-poly(hexyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Copolymers. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhardwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Shahjad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Preeti Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Ranoo Bhargav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Asit Patra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
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14
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Mitchell VD, Gann E, Huettner S, Singh CR, Subbiah J, Thomsen L, McNeill CR, Thelakkat M, Jones DJ. Morphological and Device Evaluation of an Amphiphilic Block Copolymer for Organic Photovoltaic Applications. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie D. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | | | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - David J. Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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15
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Fushimi Y, Koinuma M, Yasuda Y, Nomura K, Asano MS. Effects of End-Groups on Photophysical Properties of Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-2,7-vinylene)s Linked with Metalloporphyrins: Synthesis and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami
Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Misaki Koinuma
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1
Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yasuda
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1
Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami
Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1
Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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16
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Van Den Eede MP, Bedi A, Delabie J, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Koeckelberghs G. The influence of the end-group on the chiral self-assembly of all-conjugated block copolymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This research demonstrates the influence of the end-group on the self-assembly of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Bedi
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - J. Delabie
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - J. De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
- Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry
- University of Mons-UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - P. Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
- Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry
- University of Mons-UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
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17
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Schiefer D, Hanselmann R, Sommer M. All-conjugated P3HT donor PCDTBT acceptor graft copolymers synthesised via a grafting through approach. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00612h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A generally applicable synthetic method for all-conjugated graft copolymers is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schiefer
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Ralf Hanselmann
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum
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18
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Schroot R, Jäger M, Schubert US. Synthetic approaches towards structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2754-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review details synthetic strategies leading to structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures,e.g.block, graft and end functionalized (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
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19
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Lombeck F, Di D, Yang L, Meraldi L, Athanasopoulos S, Credgington D, Sommer M, Friend RH. PCDTBT: From Polymer Photovoltaics to Light-Emitting Diodes by Side-Chain-Controlled Luminescence. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lombeck
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dawei Di
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Le Yang
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Meraldi
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Stavros Athanasopoulos
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Credgington
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT Freiburger Zentrum
für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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20
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Shen C, Lee YH, Lee YP, Chiang CJ, Wei FK, Wu CH, Kau KC, Liu HW, Hsieh CC, Wang L, Dai CA. Self-organization and phase transformation of all π-conjugated diblock copolymers and its applications in organic solar cells. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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The synthesis and purification of amphiphilic conjugated donor–acceptor block copolymers. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Boufflet P, Wood S, Wade J, Fei Z, Kim JS, Heeney M. Comparing blends and blocks: Synthesis of partially fluorinated diblock polythiophene copolymers to investigate the thermal stability of optical and morphological properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2150-2163. [PMID: 27829922 PMCID: PMC5082479 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure of the active blend layer has been shown to be a critically important factor in the performance of organic solar devices. Block copolymers provide a potentially interesting avenue for controlling this active layer microstructure in solar cell blends. Here we explore the impact of backbone fluorination in block copolymers of poly(3-octyl-4-fluorothiophene)s and poly(3-octylthiophene) (F-P3OT-b-P3OT). Two block co-polymers with varying block lengths were prepared via sequential monomer addition under Kumada catalyst transfer polymerisation (KCTP) conditions. We compare the behavior of the block copolymer to that of the corresponding homopolymer blends. In both types of system, we find the fluorinated segments tend to dominate the UV-visible absorption and molecular vibrational spectral features, as well as the thermal behavior. In the block copolymer case, non-fluorinated segments appear to slightly frustrate the aggregation of the more fluorinated block. However, in situ temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy shows that the intramolecular order is more thermally stable in the block copolymer than in the corresponding blend, suggesting that such materials may be interesting for enhanced thermal stability of organic photovoltaic active layers based on similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boufflet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sebastian Wood
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jessica Wade
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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23
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Lombeck F, Sepe A, Thomann R, Friend RH, Sommer M. Compatibilization of All-Conjugated Polymer Blends for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8087-8096. [PMID: 27482842 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compatibilization of an immiscible binary blend comprising a conjugated electron donor and a conjugated electron acceptor polymer with suitable electronic properties upon addition of a block copolymer (BCP) composed of the same building blocks is demonstrated. Efficient compatibilization during melt-annealing is feasible when the two polymers are immiscible in the melt, i.e. above the melting point of ∼250 °C of the semicrystalline donor polymer P3HT. To generate immiscibility at these high temperatures, the acceptor polymer PCDTBT is equipped with fluorinated side chains leading to an increased Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. Compatibilization in bulk and thin films is demonstrated, showing that the photovoltaic performance of pristine microphase separated and nanostructured BCPs can also be obtained for compatibilized blend films containing low contents of 10-20 wt % BCP. Thermodynamically stable domain sizes range between several tens of microns for pure blends and ∼10 nm for pure block copolymers. In addition to controlling domain size, the amount of block copolymer added dictates the ratio of edge-on and face-on P3HT crystals, with compatibilized films showing an increasing amount of face-on P3HT crystals with increasing amount of compatibilizer. This study demonstrates the prerequisites and benefits of compatibilizing all-conjugated semicrystalline polymer blends for organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lombeck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sepe
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT, Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Crystallization assisted microphase separation in all-conjugated phenylene-thiophene diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Tsai CH, Fortney A, Qiu Y, Gil RR, Yaron D, Kowalewski T, Noonan KJT. Conjugated Polymers with Repeated Sequences of Group 16 Heterocycles Synthesized through Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6798-804. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andria Fortney
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Roberto R. Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David Yaron
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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26
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Wang S, Yang Q, Tao Y, Guo Y, Yang J, Liu Y, Zhao L, Xie Z, Huang W. Fully conjugated block copolymers for single-component solar cells: synthesis, purification, and characterization. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells using the preparative GPC separated block copolymer P3HT-b-PBIT2 as a simple active layer show a power conversion efficiency of 1.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Youtian Tao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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27
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Smith KA, Lin YH, Mok JW, Yager KG, Strzalka J, Nie W, Mohite AD, Verduzco R. Molecular Origin of Photovoltaic Performance in Donor-block-Acceptor All-Conjugated Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall A. Smith
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100
Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yen-Hao Lin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100
Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jorge W. Mok
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100
Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Materials
Physics and Applications (MPA) Division, Mail Stop: K771, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Aditya D. Mohite
- Materials
Physics and Applications (MPA) Division, Mail Stop: K771, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100
Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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28
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Lombeck F, Komber H, Sepe A, Friend RH, Sommer M. Enhancing Phase Separation and Photovoltaic Performance of All-Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Block Copolymers with Semifluorinated Alkyl Side Chains. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lombeck
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sepe
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin
des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT, Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Lee Y, Gomez ED. Challenges and Opportunities in the Development of Conjugated Block Copolymers for Photovoltaics. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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30
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Asano MS, Kagota D, Haque T, Koinuma M, Inagaki A, Nomura K. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectra in the End-Functionalized Conjugated Triblock Copolymers Consisting of Poly(fluorene vinylene) and Oligo(phenylene vinylene): Proposal of Dynamical Distortion in the Excited State. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoko S. Asano
- Division
of Molecular Science, School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1,
Ten-jincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
- Advanced
Catalytic Transformation for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Daichi Kagota
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
| | - Tahmina Haque
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
| | - Misaki Koinuma
- Division
of Molecular Science, School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1,
Ten-jincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
- Advanced
Catalytic Transformation for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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31
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Lee W, Kim JS, Kim HJ, Shin JM, Ku KH, Yang H, Lee J, Bae JG, Lee WB, Kim BJ. Graft Architectured Rod–Coil Copolymers Based on Alternating Conjugated Backbone: Morphological and Optical Properties. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonho Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Man Shin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Ku
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Gun Bae
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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32
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Wang S, Guo Y, Yang J, Tao Y, Huang W. Engineering of Energy Levels for Fully Conjugated D-A Block CopolymersviaTuning the Ratios of Donor P3HT and Acceptor PNDIT. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Gupta G, Singh CR, Lohwasser RH, Himmerlich M, Krischok S, Müller-Buschbaum P, Thelakkat M, Hoppe H, Thurn-Albrecht T. Morphology, Crystal Structure and Charge Transport in Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12309-12318. [PMID: 25531947 DOI: 10.1021/am5049948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied structure and charge transport properties of thin films of donor-acceptor block copolymers, poly(3-hexylthiophene-block-perylene bisimide acrylate), using a combination of X-ray scattering, AFM and vertical charge transport measurements in diode devices. Block copolymer self-assembly and crystallization of the individual components are interrelated and different structural states of the films could be prepared by varying preparation conditions and thermal history. Generally the well-defined microphase structures found previously in bulk could also be prepared in thin films, in addition alignment induced by interfacial interactions was observed. Microphase separated block copolymers sustain ambipolar charge transport, but the exact values of electron and hole mobilities depend strongly on orientation and connectivity of the microdomains as well as the molecular order within the domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gupta
- †Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelman Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chetan R Singh
- ‡Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Ruth H Lohwasser
- §Makromolekulare Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, and
| | - Marcel Himmerlich
- ‡Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Stefan Krischok
- ‡Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- ⊥Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- §Makromolekulare Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany, and
| | - Harald Hoppe
- ‡Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- †Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelman Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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34
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Kuang H, Janik MJ, Gomez ED. Quantifying the role of interfacial width on intermolecular charge recombination in block copolymer photovoltaics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Michael J. Janik
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
- Materials Research Institute; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
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35
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Haruk AM, Mativetsky JM. Supramolecular Approaches to Nanoscale Morphological Control in Organic Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13381-406. [PMID: 26110382 PMCID: PMC4490500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Having recently surpassed 10% efficiency, solar cells based on organic molecules are poised to become a viable low-cost clean energy source with the added advantages of mechanical flexibility and light weight. The best-performing organic solar cells rely on a nanostructured active layer morphology consisting of a complex organization of electron donating and electron accepting molecules. Although much progress has been made in designing new donor and acceptor molecules, rational control over active layer morphology remains a central challenge. Long-term device stability is another important consideration that needs to be addressed. This review highlights supramolecular strategies for generating highly stable nanostructured organic photovoltaic active materials by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Haruk
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Mativetsky
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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36
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Handa NV, Serrano AV, Robb MJ, Hawker CJ. Exploring the synthesis and impact of end-functional poly(3-hexylthiophene). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha V. Handa
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Abigail V. Serrano
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Maxwell J. Robb
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
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37
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Metzler L, Reichenbach T, Brügner O, Komber H, Lombeck F, Müllers S, Hanselmann R, Hillebrecht H, Walter M, Sommer M. High molecular weight mechanochromic spiropyran main chain copolymers via reproducible microwave-assisted Suzuki polycondensation. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochromic spiropyran main chain copolymers with high and reproducible molar mass can be made using microwave-assisted Suzuki–Miyaura polycondensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Metzler
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | | | - Oliver Brügner
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Florian Lombeck
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Stefan Müllers
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Ralf Hanselmann
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | | | - Michael Walter
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
- Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik
- 79108 Freiburg
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum
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38
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Chang SW, Horie M. A donor–acceptor conjugated block copolymer of poly(arylenevinylene)s by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9113-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00498e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A donor–acceptor conjugated block copolymer of poly(arylenevinylene)s has been synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing-Hua University
- Hsinchu
- 30013 Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing-Hua University
- Hsinchu
- 30013 Taiwan
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39
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Lombeck F, Matsidik R, Komber H, Sommer M. Simple Synthesis of P(Cbz-alt-TBT) and PCDTBT by Combining Direct Arylation with Suzuki Polycondensation of Heteroaryl Chlorides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:231-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lombeck
- Makromolekulare Chemie; Universität Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Optoelectronics Group; Cavendish Laboratory; J J Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Rukiya Matsidik
- Makromolekulare Chemie; Universität Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum; Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare Chemie; Universität Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum; Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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40
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Willot P, Moerman D, Leclère P, Lazzaroni R, Baeten Y, Van der Auweraer M, Koeckelberghs G. One-Pot Synthesis and Characterization of All-Conjugated Poly(3-alkylthiophene)-block-poly(dialkylthieno[3,4-b]pyrazine). Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501757e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Moerman
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons − UMONS/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons − UMONS/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons − UMONS/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B7000 Mons, Belgium
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41
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Lombeck F, Komber H, Gorelsky SI, Sommer M. Identifying Homocouplings as Critical Side Reactions in Direct Arylation Polycondensation. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:819-823. [PMID: 35590707 DOI: 10.1021/mz5004147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Homocouplings are identified as major side reactions in direct arylation polycondensation (DAP) of 4,7-bis(4-hexyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (TBT) and 2,7-dibromo-9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole (CbzBr2). Using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that both TBT and Cbz homocouplings occur at a considerable extent. TBT homocoupling preferentially occurs under phosphine-free conditions but can be suppressed in the presence of a phosphine ligand. Cbz homocoupling is temperature-dependent and more prevalent at higher temperatures. By contrast, evidence for chain branching as a result of unselective C-H arylation is not found for this monomer combination. These results emphasize that particular attention has to be paid to homocouplings in direct arylation polycondensations as a major source of main-chain defects, especially under phosphine-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lombeck
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Serge I. Gorelsky
- Centre
for Catalysis Research and Innovation and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger
Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan Meier-Straße
21, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
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42
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Tkachov R, Komber H, Rauch S, Lederer A, Oertel U, Häußler L, Voit B, Kiriy A. One-Pot Synthesis of All-Conjugated Block-Like Bisthiophene–Naphthalenediimide/Fluorene Copolymer. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5006588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tkachov
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rauch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Oertel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Liane Häußler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anton Kiriy
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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43
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Pan C, Sugiyasu K, Aimi J, Sato A, Takeuchi M. Picket-Fence Polythiophene and its Diblock Copolymers that Afford Microphase Separations Comprising a Stacked and an Isolated Polythiophene Ensemble. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Pan C, Sugiyasu K, Aimi J, Sato A, Takeuchi M. Picket-Fence Polythiophene and its Diblock Copolymers that Afford Microphase Separations Comprising a Stacked and an Isolated Polythiophene Ensemble. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8870-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Lin YH, Yager KG, Stewart B, Verduzco R. Lamellar and liquid crystal ordering in solvent-annealed all-conjugated block copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3817-3825. [PMID: 24718905 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm53090f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
All-conjugated block copolymers are an emerging class of polymeric materials promising for organic electronic applications, but further progress requires a better understanding of their microstructure including crystallinity and self-assembly through micro-phase segregation. Here, we demonstrate remarkable changes in the thin film structure of a model series of all-conjugated block copolymers with varying processing conditions. Under thermal annealing, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(9',9'-dioctylfluorene) (P3HT-b-PF) all-conjugated block copolymers exhibit crystalline features of P3HT or PF, depending on the block ratio, and poor π-π stacking. Under chloroform solvent annealing, the block copolymers exhibit lamellar ordering, as evidenced by multiple reflections in grazing incidence wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS and GISAXS), including an in-plane reflection indicative of order along the π-π stacking direction for both P3HT and PF blocks. The lamellae have a characteristic domain size of 4.2 nm, and this domain size is found to be independent of block copolymer molecular weight and block ratio. This suggests that lamellar self-assembly arises due to a combination of polymer block segregation and π-π stacking of both P3HT and PF polymer blocks. Strategies for predicting the microstructure of all-conjugated block copolymers must take into account intermolecular π-π stacking and liquid crystalline interactions not typically found in flexible coil block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, MS-362, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
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46
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Nakabayashi K, Mori H. Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Solar Cell Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:3274-3290. [PMID: 28788617 PMCID: PMC5453375 DOI: 10.3390/ma7043274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene derivatives have been widely used for conventional acceptor materials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) because of their high electron mobility. However, there are also considerable drawbacks for use in OPVs, such as negligible light absorption in the visible-near-IR regions, less compatibility with donor polymeric materials and high cost for synthesis and purification. Therefore, the investigation of non-fullerene acceptor materials that can potentially replace fullerene derivatives in OPVs is increasingly necessary, which gives rise to the possibility of fabricating all-polymer (polymer/polymer) solar cells that can deliver higher performance and that are potentially cheaper than fullerene-based OPVs. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to donor-acceptor (D-A) block copolymers, because of their promising applications as fullerene alternative materials in all-polymer solar cells. However, the synthesis of D-A block copolymers is still a challenge, and therefore, the establishment of an efficient synthetic method is now essential. This review highlights the recent advances in D-A block copolymers synthesis and their applications in all-polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nakabayashi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Hideharu Mori
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
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47
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Wang J, Ueda M, Higashihara T. Synthesis and morphology of all-conjugated donor-acceptor block copolymers based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(naphthalene diimide). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Yamagata University Faculty of Engineering; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa City Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
- Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material Systems (iFront); Yamagata University Graduate School of Science and Engineering; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa City Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material Systems (iFront); Yamagata University Graduate School of Science and Engineering; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa City Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Yamagata University Faculty of Engineering; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa City Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
- Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material Systems (iFront); Yamagata University Graduate School of Science and Engineering; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa City Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-1-8, Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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48
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Komber H, Müllers S, Lombeck F, Held A, Walter M, Sommer M. Soluble and stable alternating main-chain merocyanine copolymers through quantitative spiropyran–merocyanine conversion. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00853c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Nomura K, Haque T, Onuma T, Hajjaj F, Asano MS, Inagaki A. Precise One-Pot Synthesis of End-Functionalized Conjugated Multi-Block Copolymers via Combined Olefin Metathesis and Wittig-type Coupling. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4022554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Advanced
Catalytic Transformation for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tahmina Haque
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Taira Onuma
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Fatin Hajjaj
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Advanced
Catalytic Transformation for Carbon Utilization (ACT-C), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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50
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Robb MJ, Ku SY, Hawker CJ. 25th anniversary article: no assembly required: recent advances in fully conjugated block copolymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5686-700. [PMID: 24115326 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fully conjugated block copolymers have emerged as promising materials that combine semiconducting properties with the ability to self-assemble at the nanoscale. The convergence of these two features has tremendous implications for a number of fundamental molecular assembly and transport questions, while also offering unique advantages for a variety of applications. For example, a nanostructured active layer in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices may provide for efficient charge separation while simultaneously affording continuous, unimpeded pathways for charge carriers to migrate to their respective electrodes within each individual microphase. This review details the recent progress made in the preparation and application of fully conjugated block copolymers and serves as a comprehensive reference for the materials that have been reported in the literature to date. Focus is placed on fully conjugated block copolymers prepared using chemistries that are relevant to high-performance polymers in organic electronics research, for example Stille, Suzuki-Miyaura, and Yamamoto coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J Robb
- Materials Department, Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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