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Fan D, Wang D, Zhang J, Fu X, Yan X, Wang D, Qin A, Han T, Tang BZ. Cobalt-Catalyzed Cascade C-H Activation/Annulation Polymerizations toward Diversified and Multifunctional Sulfur-Containing Fused Heterocyclic Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17270-17284. [PMID: 38863213 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation has greatly benefited the synthesis and development of functional polymer materials, and the construction of multifunctional fused (hetero)cyclic polymers via novel C-H activation-based polyannulations has emerged as a charming but challenging area in recent years. Herein, we report the first cobalt(III)-catalyzed cascade C-H activation/annulation polymerization (CAAP) approach that can efficiently transform readily available aryl thioamides and internal diynes into multifunctional sulfur-containing fused heterocyclic (SFH) polymers. Within merely 3 h, a series of SFH polymers bearing complex and multisubstituted S,N-doped polycyclic units are facilely and efficiently produced with high molecular weights (absolute Mn up to 220400) in excellent yields (up to 99%), which are hard to achieve by traditional methods. The intermediate-terminated SFH polymer can be used as a reactive macromonomer to controllably extend or modify polymer main chains. The structural diversity can be further enriched through facile S-oxidation and N-methylation reactions of the SFH polymers. Benefiting from the unique structures, the obtained polymers exhibit excellent solution processability, high thermal and morphological stability, efficient and readily tunable aggregate-state fluorescence, stimuli-responsive properties, and high and UV-modulatable refractive indices of up to 1.8464 at 632.8 nm. These properties allow the SFH polymers to be potentially applied in diverse fields, including metal ion detection, photodynamic killing of cancer cells, fluorescent photopatterning, and gradient-index optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Fan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Deliang Wang
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinyao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xueke Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, China
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2
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Cui L, Jian Z. High-Refractive-Index Cross-Linked Cyclic Olefin Polymers with Excellent Transparency via Thiol-Ene Click Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:781-787. [PMID: 38833211 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
High-refractive-index polymers are important optical materials in optoelectronics. Conventional cyclic olefin polymers (COPs), possessing many excellent optical properties, are a class of highly promising optical materials; however, one of the greatest obstacles is their low refractive index of n = 1.52-1.54. Here, one efficient strategy of first incorporating high molar refraction groups, including carbazolyl and indolyl moieties, into unsaturated COPs via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and then introducing another high molar refraction sulfur atom by a subsequent thiol-ene click reaction is presented. The obtained cross-linked COPs bearing both an aromatic group and sulfur possess significantly higher refractive indices (n = 1.611-1.684 at 589 nm) and highly optical transparency (approximately 95%) in the range of vis-NIR. This provides a way toward potential applications of new-generation optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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3
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Woodhouse AW, Kocaarslan A, Garden JA, Mutlu H. Unlocking the Potential of Polythioesters. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400260. [PMID: 38824417 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
As the demand for sustainable polymers increases, most research efforts have focused on polyesters, which can be bioderived and biodegradable. Yet analogous polythioesters, where one of the oxygen atoms has been replaced by a sulfur atom, remain a relatively untapped source of potential. The incorporation of sulfur allows the polymer to exhibit a wide range of favorable properties, such as thermal resistance, degradability, and high refractive index. Polythioester synthesis represents a frontier in research, holding the promise of paving the way for eco-friendly alternatives to conventional polyesters. Moreover, polythioester research can also open avenues to the development of sustainable and recyclable materials. In the last 25 years, many methods to synthesize polythioesters have been developed. However, to date no industrial synthesis of polythioesters has been developed due to challenges of costs, yields, and the toxicity of the by-products. This review will summarize the recent advances in polythioester synthesis, covering step-growth polymerization, ring-opening polymerization (ROP), and biosynthesis. Crucially, the benefits and challenges of the processes will be highlighted, paying particular attention to their sustainability, with the aim of encouraging further exploration and research into the fast-growing field of polythioesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Woodhouse
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361 CNRS/Université de Haute Alsace, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, Cedex, 68057, France
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Azra Kocaarslan
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasee 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Garden
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361 CNRS/Université de Haute Alsace, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, Cedex, 68057, France
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4
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Alshammari AH. Structural, Optical, and Thermal Properties of PVA/SrTiO 3/CNT Polymer Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1392. [PMID: 38794585 PMCID: PMC11124778 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful preparation of PVA/SrTiO3/CNT polymer nanocomposite films was accomplished via the solution casting method. The structural, optical, and thermal properties of the films were tested by XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Inclusion of the SrTiO3/CNT nanofillers with a maximum of 1 wt% drastically improved the optical and thermal properties of PVA films. SrTiO3 has a cubic crystal structure, and its average crystal size was found to be 28.75 nm. SEM images showed uniform distribution in the sample with 0.3 wt% of SrTiO3/CNTs in the PVA film, while some agglomerations appeared in the samples of higher SrTiO3/CNT content, i.e., at 0.7 and 1.0 wt%, in the PVA polymer films. The inclusion of SrTiO3/CNTs improved the thermal stability of PVA polymer films. The direct and indirect optical band gaps of the PVA films decreased when increasing the mass of the SrTiO3/CNTs, while the single-oscillator energy (E0) and dispersion energy (Ed) increased. The films' refractive indices were gradually increased upon increasing the nanofillers' weight. In addition, improvements in the optical susceptibility and nonlinear refractive indices' values were also obtained. These films are qualified for optoelectronic applications due to their distinct optical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhulw H Alshammari
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Jeon Y, Ahn CS, Char K, Lim J. Size Control and Antioxidant Properties of Sulfur-Rich Polymer Colloids from Interfacial Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2300747. [PMID: 38652855 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
High sulfur content polymeric materials, known for their intriguing properties such as high refractive indices and high electrochemical capacities, have garnered significant interest in recent years for their applications in optics, antifouling surfaces, triboelectrics, and electrochemistry. Despite the high interest, most high sulfur-content polymers reported to date are either bulk materials or thin films, and there is a general lack of research into sulfur-rich polymer colloids. Water-dispersed, sulfur-rich particles are anticipated to broaden the range of applications for sulfur-containing materials. In this study, the preparation and size control parameters are presented of an aqueous dispersion of sulfur-rich polymers with the sulfur content of dispersed particles exceeding 75 wt%. Employing polymeric stabilizers with varying hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), along with changing the rank of inorganic polysulfides, allow for the control of particle size in the range of 360 nm - 1.8 µm. The sulfur-rich colloid demonstrates antioxidant properties in water, demonstrating the potential for the use of sulfur-rich polymeric materials readily removable, heterogeneous radical scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Current address: Korea Testing Laboratory (KTL), 87 Digital-ro 26-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Sup Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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6
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Kang H, Oh D, Jeon N, Kim J, Kim H, Badloe T, Rho J. Tailoring high-refractive-index nanocomposites for manufacturing of ultraviolet metasurfaces. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:53. [PMID: 38654843 PMCID: PMC11035676 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has been utilized to address the manufacturing challenges of high cost and low throughput for optical metasurfaces. To overcome the limitations inherent in conventional imprint resins characterized by a low refractive index (n), high-n nanocomposites have been introduced to directly serve as meta-atoms. However, comprehensive research on these nanocomposites is notably lacking. In this study, we focus on the composition of high-n zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticle (NP) concentration and solvents used to produce ultraviolet (UV) metaholograms and quantify the transfer fidelity by the measured conversion efficiency. The utilization of 80 wt% ZrO2 NPs in MIBK, MEK, and acetone results in conversion efficiencies of 62.3%, 51.4%, and 61.5%, respectively, at a wavelength of 325 nm. The analysis of the solvent composition and NP concentration can further enhance the manufacturing capabilities of high-n nanocomposites in NIL, enabling potential practical use of optical metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, Republic of Korea
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7
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Zhu Y, Tao Y. Stereoselective Ring-opening Polymerization of S-Carboxyanhydrides Using Salen Aluminum Catalysts: A Route to High-Isotactic Functionalized Polythioesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317305. [PMID: 38179725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Polythioesters are important sustainable polymers with broad applications. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of S-Carboxyanhydrides (SCAs) can afford polythioesters with functional groups that are typically difficult to prepare by ROP of thiolactones. Typical methods involving organocatalysts, like dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and triethylamine (Et3 N), have been plagued by uncontrolled polymerization, including epimerization for most SCAs resulting in the loss of isotacticity. Here, we report the use of salen aluminum catalysts for the selective ROP of various SCAs without epimerization, affording functionalized polythioester with high molecular weight up to 37.6 kDa and the highest Pm value up to 0.99. Notably, the ROP of TlaSCA (SCA prepared from thiolactic acid) generates the first example of a isotactic crystalline poly(thiolactic acid), which exhibited a distinct Tm value of 152.6 °C. Effective ligand tailoring governs the binding affinity between the sulfide chain-end and the metal center, thereby maintaining the activity of organometallic catalysts and reducing the occurrence of epimerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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8
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Mazumder K, Voit B, Banerjee S. Recent Progress in Sulfur-Containing High Refractive Index Polymers for Optical Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6253-6279. [PMID: 38371831 PMCID: PMC10870412 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The development in the field of high refractive index materials is a crucial factor for the advancement of optical devices with advanced features such as image sensors, optical data storage, antireflective coatings, light-emitting diodes, and nanoimprinting. Sulfur plays an important role in high refractive index applications owing to its high molar refraction compared to carbon. Sulfur exists in multiple oxidation states and can exhibit various stable functional groups. Over the last few decades, sulfur-containing polymers have attracted much attention owing to their wide array of applications governed by the functional group of sulfur present in the polymer repeat unit. The interplay of refractive index and various other polymer properties contributes to successfully implementing a specific polymer material in optical applications. The focus on developing optoelectronic devices induced an ever-increasing need to integrate different functional materials to achieve the devices' full potential. Several devices that see the potential use of sulfur in high refractive index materials are reviewed in the study. Like sulfur, selenium also exhibits high molar refraction and unique chemical properties, making it an essential field of study. This review covers the research and development in the field of sulfur and selenium in different forms of functionality, focusing on the chemistry of bonding and the optical properties of the polymers containing the heteroatoms mentioned above. The strategy and rationale behind incorporating heteroatoms in a polymer matrix to produce high-refractive-index materials are also described in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajari Mazumder
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Xu X, Xie YM, Shi H, Wang Y, Zhu X, Li BX, Liu S, Chen B, Zhao Q. Light Management of Metal Halide Scintillators for High-Resolution X-Ray Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303738. [PMID: 38009773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing need to inspect matter with hyperfine structures requires a revolution in current scintillation detectors, and the innovation of scintillators is revived with luminescent metal halides entering the scene. Notably, for any scintillator, two fundamental issues arise: Which kind of material is suitable and in what form should the material exist? The answer to the former question involves the sequence of certain atoms into specific crystal structures that facilitate the conversion of X-ray into light, whereas the answer to the latter involves assembling these crystallites into particular material forms that can guide light propagation toward its corresponding pixel detector. Despite their equal importance, efforts are overwhelmingly devoted to improving the X-ray-to-light conversion, while the material-form-associated light propagation, which determines the optical signal collected for X-ray imaging, is largely overlooked. This perspective critically correlates the reported spatial resolution with the light-propagation behavior in each form of metal halides, combing the designing rules for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Xu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Min Xie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huaiyao Shi
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Xiang Li
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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10
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Peng J, Tian T, Xu S, Hu R, Tang BZ. Base-Assisted Polymerizations of Elemental Sulfur and Alkynones for Temperature-Controlled Synthesis of Polythiophenes or Poly(1,4-dithiin)s. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28204-28215. [PMID: 38099712 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for functional polythiophenes in extensive applications such as organic solar cells, electronic skins, thermoelectric materials, and field effect transistors, efficient and economic synthetic approaches for polythiophenes are urgently required. In this work, KOH-assisted polymerizations of elemental sulfur and alkynones were developed to directly afford polythiophenes with various backbones, regioselective structures, and high molecular weights (Mns up to 20700 g/mol) in high yields (up to 97%) at 80 °C in 30 min. When the same polymerization was conducted at room temperature, stable and unique poly(1,4-dithiin)s (Mns up to 21800 g/mol) could be rapidly obtained in high yields (up to 87%) in 10 min. The temperature-controlled KOH-assisted polymerizations of sulfur and alkynones possessed high efficiency, mild conditions, and simple operation, which had provided an economic, efficient, and convenient approach for the direct conversion from elemental sulfur to functional polythiophenes and poly(1,4-dithiin)s with the in situ constructed aromatic or nonaromatic heterocycles embedded in the polymer backbones, demonstrating great synthetic simplicity, high efficiency, good selectivity, and robustness. It is anticipated to accelerate the development of semiconducting polymer materials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rongrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou 510530, China
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11
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Yue TJ, Ren WM, Lu XB. Copolymerization Involving Sulfur-Containing Monomers. Chem Rev 2023; 123:14038-14083. [PMID: 37917384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating sulfur (S) atoms into polymer main chains endows these materials with many attractive features, including a high refractive index, mechanical properties, electrochemical properties, and adhesive ability to heavy metal ions. The copolymerization involving S-containing monomers constitutes a facile method for effectively constructing S-containing polymers with diverse structures, readily tunable sequences, and topological structures. In this review, we describe the recent advances in the synthesis of S-containing polymers via copolymerization or multicomponent polymerization techniques concerning a variety of S-containing monomers, such as dithiols, carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide, cyclic thioanhydrides, episulfides and elemental sulfur (S8). Particularly, significant focus is paid to precise control of the main-chain sequence, stereochemistry, and topological structure for achieving high-value applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
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12
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Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Zhang K, Yang B. Molecular Structure and Properties of Sulfur-Containing High Refractive Index Polymer Optical Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300411. [PMID: 37632834 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
High refractive index polymers (HRIPs) are widely used in lenses, waveguide, antireflective layer and encapsulators, especially the advanced fields of augmented/virtual reality (AR / VR) holographic technology and photoresist for chip manufacturing. In order to meet the needs of different applications, the development of HRIPs focuses not only on the increase in refractive index but also on the balance of other properties. Sulfur-containing high refractive index polymers have received extensive attention from researchers due to their excellent properties. In recent years, not only ultrahigh refractive index sulfur-containing polymers have been continuously developed, but also low dispersion, low birefringence, high transparency, good mechanical properties, and machinability have been studied. The design of HRIPs is generally based on formulas and existing experience. In fact, molecular structure and properties are closely related. Mastering the structure-property relationship helps researchers to develop high refractive index polymer materials with balanced properties. This review briefly introduces the preparation methods of sulfur-containing high refractive index polymers, and summarizes the structure-property relationship between the sulfur-containing molecular structure and optical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, etc. Finally, the important role of synergistic effect in the synthesis of HRIPs and the prospect of future research on HRIPs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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13
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Li X, Jia C, Wang C, Ma L, Liu L. A novel theoretical method to determine the effective optical properties of high refractive index nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25689-25700. [PMID: 37721446 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02360e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The continuous development of advanced optical devices towards high performance, miniaturization and integration has led to an increasing demand for high refractive index optical materials. Nanocomposites - made from high refractive index inorganic nanoparticles and good processability polymers - combine the advantages of both materials to create a synergistic effect. However, the diversity and complexity of the composites make laboratory preparation less efficient. Therefore, to prepare composites that meet the refractive index requirements, it is essential to predict the effective optical properties at different wavelengths. This study proposes a finite element parametric retrieval (FEPR) method to calculate the effective complex refractive index of nanocomposites (meff). The effects of the ratio of film thickness to particle diameter, particle arrangement, particle volume fraction (fv) and particle diameter (d) on meff are considered. The results demonstrate that changing the spatial arrangement, volume fraction and diameter of the particles can cause changes in the scattering effect of particles or the interaction between the electromagnetic waves and the particles, resulting in changes in the meff. Compared with effective medium theory (EMT), the FEPR method can be used to characterise the meff values in complex cases through finite element parametric modelling. The FEPR method is an efficient and accurate method for predicting the effective optical properties of nanocomposites, and can also be applied to the design and development of materials to discover the factors influencing the properties and variation patterns from large amounts of data, and to obtain predictive models that can guide the design of new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China.
- Optics & Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Chengwei Jia
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China.
- Optics & Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Chengchao Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China.
- Optics & Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Lanxin Ma
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China.
- Optics & Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Linhua Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China.
- Optics & Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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14
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Xie Y, Chen L, Li H, Yi Y. Polymer and Hybrid Optical Devices Manipulated by the Thermo-Optic Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3721. [PMID: 37765574 PMCID: PMC10537378 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermo-optic effect is a crucial driving mechanism for optical devices. The application of the thermo-optic effect in integrated photonics has received extensive investigation, with continuous progress in the performance and fabrication processes of thermo-optic devices. Due to the high thermo-optic coefficient, polymers have become an excellent candidate for the preparation of high-performance thermo-optic devices. Firstly, this review briefly introduces the principle of the thermo-optic effect and the materials commonly used. In the third section, a brief introduction to the waveguide structure of thermo-optic devices is provided. In addition, three kinds of thermo-optic devices based on polymers, including an optical switch, a variable optical attenuator, and a temperature sensor, are reviewed. In the fourth section, the typical fabrication processes for waveguide devices based on polymers are introduced. Finally, thermo-optic devices play important roles in various applications. Nevertheless, the large-scale integrated applications of polymer-based thermo-optic devices are still worth investigating. Therefore, we propose a future direction for the development of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Xie
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China;
| | - Liguo Chen
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (L.C.)
| | - Haojia Li
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (L.C.)
| | - Yunji Yi
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (L.C.)
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15
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Xia Y, Sun Y, Liu Z, Zhang C, Zhang X. Modular Alcohol Click Chemistry Enables Facile Synthesis of Recyclable Polymers with Tunable Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306731. [PMID: 37490022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The facile synthesis of chemically recyclable polymers derived from sustainable feedstocks presents enormous challenges. Here, we develop a novel, modular, and efficient click reaction for connecting primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols with activated alkenes via a bridge molecule of carbonyl sulfide (COS). The click reaction is successfully applied to synthesize a series of recyclable polymers by the step polyaddition of diols, diacrylates, and COS. Diols and diacrylates are common chemicals and can be produced from biorenewable sources, and COS is released as the industrial waste. In addition to sustainable monomers, the approach is atom-economical, wide in scope, metal-free, and performed under mild conditions, affording unprecedented polymers with nearly quantitative yields. The produced polymers also possess predesigned and widely tunable structure owing to the versatility of our method and the broad variety of monomers. The in-chain thiocarbonate and ester polar groups can play as breakpoints, allowing these polymers to be easily recycled. Overall, the polymers have broad prospects for green materials given their facile synthesis, readily available feedstocks, desirable performance, and chemical recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yue Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ziheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chengjian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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16
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Zhang J, Bai T, Liu W, Li M, Zang Q, Ye C, Sun JZ, Shi Y, Ling J, Qin A, Tang BZ. All-organic polymeric materials with high refractive index and excellent transparency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3524. [PMID: 37316490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
High refractive index polymers (HRIPs) have drawn attention for their optoelectronic applications and HRIPs with excellent transparency and facile preparation are highly demanded. Herein, sulfur-containing all organic HRIPs with refractive indices up to 1.8433 at 589 nm and excellent optical transparency even in one hundred micrometre scale in the visual and RI region as well as high weight-average molecular weights (up to 44500) are prepared by our developed organobase catalyzed polymerization of bromoalkynes and dithiophenols in yields up to 92%. Notably, the fabricated optical transmission waveguides using the resultant HRIP with the highest refractive index display a reduced propagation loss compared with that generated by the commercial material of SU-8. In addition, the tetraphenylethylene containing polymer not only exhibits a reduced propagation loss, but also is used to examine the uniformity and continuity of optical waveguides with naked eyes because of its aggregation-induced emission feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Weixi Liu
- College of Optical Science and Engineering and International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingzhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qiguang Zang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Canbin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- College of Optical Science and Engineering and International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China.
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17
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Hsiao FT, Chien HJ, Chou YH, Peng SJ, Chung MH, Huang TH, Lo LW, Shen CN, Chang HP, Lee CY, Chen CC, Jeng YM, Tien YW, Tang SC. Transparent tissue in solid state for solvent-free and antifade 3D imaging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3395. [PMID: 37296117 PMCID: PMC10256715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical clearing with high-refractive-index (high-n) reagents is essential for 3D tissue imaging. However, the current liquid-based clearing condition and dye environment suffer from solvent evaporation and photobleaching, causing difficulties in maintaining the tissue optical and fluorescent features. Here, using the Gladstone-Dale equation [(n-1)/density=constant] as a design concept, we develop a solid (solvent-free) high-n acrylamide-based copolymer to embed mouse and human tissues for clearing and imaging. In the solid state, the fluorescent dye-labeled tissue matrices are filled and packed with the high-n copolymer, minimizing scattering in in-depth imaging and dye fading. This transparent, liquid-free condition provides a friendly tissue and cellular environment to facilitate high/super-resolution 3D imaging, preservation, transfer, and sharing among laboratories to investigate the morphologies of interest in experimental and clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ting Hsiao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Chien
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Peng
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital-Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Lo
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Pi Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chia Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Tien
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiue-Cheng Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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18
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Lee M, Oh Y, Yu J, Jang SG, Yeo H, Park JJ, You NH. Long-wave infrared transparent sulfur polymers enabled by symmetric thiol cross-linker. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2866. [PMID: 37208341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) transmissive polymeric materials for optical elements require a balance between their optical properties, including refractive index (n) and IR transparency, and thermal properties such as glass transition temperature (Tg). Achieving both a high refractive index (n) and IR transparency in polymer materials is a very difficult challenge. In particular, there are significant complexities and considerations to obtaining organic materials that transmit in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) region, because of high optical losses due to the IR absorption of the organic molecules. Our differentiated strategy to extend the frontiers of LWIR transparency is to reduce the IR absorption of the organic moieties. The proposed approach synthesized a sulfur copolymer via the inverse vulcanization of 1,3,5-benzenetrithiol (BTT), which has a relatively simple IR absorption because of its symmetric structure, and elemental sulfur, which is mostly IR inactive. This strategy resulted in approximately 1 mm thick windows with an ultrahigh refractive index (nav > 1.9) and high mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and LWIR transmission, without any significant decline in thermal properties. Furthermore, we demonstrated that our IR transmissive material was sufficiently competitive with widely used optical inorganic and polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyeon Lee
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Oh
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesang Yu
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gyu Jang
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonuk Yeo
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Ho You
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, 55324, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Hu X, Xu N, Cheng X, Tan L, Tam HY, Min R, Qu H, Caucheteur C. Recovery of a highly reflective Bragg grating in DPDS-doped polymer optical fiber by thermal annealing. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2547-2550. [PMID: 37186704 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report fiber Bragg grating manufacturing in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based polymer optical fibers (POFs) with a diphenyl disulfide (DPDS)-doped core by means of a 266 nm pulsed laser and the phase mask technique. Gratings were inscribed with different pulse energies ranging from 2.2 mJ to 2.7 mJ. For the latter, the grating reflectivity reached 91% upon 18-pulse illumination. Though the as-fabricated gratings decayed, they were recovered by post-annealing at 80°C for 1 day, after which they showed an even higher reflectivity of up to 98%. This methodology for the fabrication of highly reflective gratings could be applied for the production of high-quality tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) in POFs for biochemical applications.
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20
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Fusco S, Oscurato SL, Salvatore M, Reda F, Moujdi S, De Oliveira M, Ambrosio A, Centore R, Borbone F. Efficient High-Refractive-Index Azobenzene Dendrimers Based on a Hierarchical Supramolecular Approach. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:3722-3730. [PMID: 37181674 PMCID: PMC10173454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Real-time manipulation of light in a diffractive optical element made with an azomaterial, through the light-induced reconfiguration of its surface based on mass transport, is an ambitious goal that may enable new applications and technologies. The speed and the control over photopatterning/reconfiguration of such devices are critically dependent on the photoresponsiveness of the material to the structuring light pattern and on the required extent of mass transport. In this regard, the higher the refractive index (RI) of the optical medium, the lower the total thickness and inscription time can be. In this work, we explore a flexible design of photopatternable azomaterials based on hierarchically ordered supramolecular interactions, used to construct dendrimer-like structures by mixing specially designed sulfur-rich, high-refractive-index photoactive and photopassive components in solution. We demonstrate that thioglycolic-type carboxylic acid groups can be selectively used as part of a supramolecular synthon based on hydrogen bonding or readily converted to carboxylate and participate in a Zn(II)-carboxylate interaction to modify the structure of the material and fine-tune the quality and efficiency of photoinduced mass transport. Compared with a conventional azopolymer, we demonstrate that it is possible to fabricate high-quality, thinner flat diffractive optical elements to reach the desired diffraction efficiency by increasing the RI of the material, achieved by maximizing the content of high molar refraction groups in the chemical structure of the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fusco
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Luigi Oscurato
- Department
of Physics E. Pancini, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcella Salvatore
- Centro
Servizi Metrologici e tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte
Sant’Angelo, Via
Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Reda
- Department
of Physics E. Pancini, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Moujdi
- CNST@POLIMI
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael De Oliveira
- CNST@POLIMI
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Ambrosio
- CNST@POLIMI
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Centore
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Borbone
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- CNST@POLIMI
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133 Milano, Italy
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21
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Karaca N, Yıldırım H. Preparation of the polymerizable novel high refractive index hybrid carbazole-based polysiloxane oligomers by a sol–gel condensation reaction. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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22
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Pan J, Zhang W, Zhu J, Tan J, Huang Y, Mo K, Tong Y, Xie Z, Ke Y, Zheng H, Ouyang H, Shi X, Gao L. Arrested Phase Separation Enables High-Performance Keratoprostheses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207750. [PMID: 36680510 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is impeded by donor shortages, immune rejection, and ethical reservations. Pre-made cornea prostheses (keratoprostheses) offer a proven option to alleviate these issues. Ideal keratoprostheses must possess optical clarity and mechanical robustness, but also high permeability, processability, and recyclability. Here, it is shown that rationally controlling the extent of arrested phase separation can lead to optimized multiscale structure that reconciles permeability and transparency, a previously conflicting goal by common pore-forming strategies. The process is simply accomplished by hydrothermally treating a dense and transparent hydrophobic association hydrogel. The examination of multiscale structure evolution during hydrothermal treatment reveals that the phase separation with upper miscibility gap evolves to confer time-dependent pore growth due to slow dynamics of polymer-rich phase which is close to vitrification. Such a process can render a combination of multiple desired properties that equal or surpass those of the state-of-the-art keratoprostheses. In vivo tests confirm that the keratoprosthesis can effectively repair corneal perforation and restore a transparent cornea with treatment outcomes akin to that of allo-keratoplasty. The keratoprosthesis is easy to access and convenient to carry, and thus would be an effective temporary substitute for a corneal allograft in emergency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiageng Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Gangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jieying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Kunlun Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yan Tong
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, P. R. China
| | - Huade Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guanghzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guanghzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Gangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang, 515200, P. R. China
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23
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Cui L, Jian Z. Cyclic Olefin Terpolymers with High Refractive Index and High Optical Transparency. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:395-400. [PMID: 36877004 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is one of the most promising optical materials; however, the brittle COC suffers from issues including a low refractive index. In this contribution, by the introduction of high refractive index comonomers including phenoxy substituted α-olefin (C4OAr), p-tolylthio substituted α-olefin (C4SAr) and carbazolyl substituted α-olefins (C4NAr, C3NAr, and C2NAr), the zirconocene mediated terpolymerization of ethylene (E) and tetracyclododecene (TCD) produces the preferred E-TCD-CnNAr (n = 2, 3, and 4) cyclic olefin terpolymers (COT) with tunable compositions (TCD: 11.5- 35.8 mol %, CnNAr: 1.2-5.0 mol %), high molecular weights and high glass transition temperatures (up to 167 °C) in high catalytic activities. Compared to the E-TCD copolymer (COC) material, these COT materials show the comparable thermal decomposition temperature (Td,5% = 437 °C), slightly higher strain at break value (up to 7.4%) and higher tensile strength (up to 60.5 MPa). In particular, these noncrystalline optical COT materials have significantly higher refractive indices of 1.550-1.569 and are more transparent (transmittance: 93-95%), relative to the COC materials, indicative of an excellent optical material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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24
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Zhao J, Huang S, Cole JM. OpticalBERT and OpticalTable-SQA: Text- and Table-Based Language Models for the Optical-Materials Domain. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1961-1981. [PMID: 36940385 PMCID: PMC10091421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Text mining in the optical-materials domain is becoming increasingly important as the number of scientific publications in this area grows rapidly. Language models such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) have opened up a new era and brought a significant boost to state-of-the-art natural-language-processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we present two "materials-aware" text-based language models for optical research, OpticalBERT and OpticalPureBERT, which are trained on a large corpus of scientific literature in the optical-materials domain. These two models outperform BERT and previous state-of-the-art models in a variety of text-mining tasks about optical materials. We also release the first "materials-aware" table-based language model, OpticalTable-SQA. This is a querying facility that solicits answers to questions about optical materials using tabular information that pertains to this scientific domain. The OpticalTable-SQA model was realized by fine-tuning the Tapas-SQA model using a manually annotated OpticalTableQA data set which was curated specifically for this work. While preserving its sequential question-answering performance on general tables, the OpticalTable-SQA model significantly outperforms Tapas-SQA on optical-materials-related tables. All models and data sets are available to the optical-materials-science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Zhao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Shu Huang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Jacqueline M Cole
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
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25
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Huo N, Tenhaeff WE. High Refractive Index Polymer Thin Films by Charge-Transfer Complexation. Macromolecules 2023; 56:2113-2122. [PMID: 36938507 PMCID: PMC10019454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
High refractive index polymers are essential in next-generation flexible optical and optoelectronic devices. This paper describes a simple synthetic method to prepare polymeric optical coatings possessing high refractive indexes. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) thin films prepared using initiated chemical vapor deposition are exposed to highly polarizable halogen molecules to form stable charge-transfer complexes: P4VP-IX (X = I, Br, and Cl). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of charge-transfer complexes. Characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry, the maximum refractive index of 2.08 at 587.6 nm is obtained for P4VP-I2. For P4VP-IBr and P4VP-ICl, the maximum refractive indexes are 1.849 and 1.774, respectively. By controlling the concentration of charge-transfer complexes, either through the halogen incorporation step or polymer composition through copolymerization with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, the refractive indexes of the polymer thin films can be precisely controlled. The feasibility of P4VP-IX materials as optical coatings is also explored. The refractive index and thickness uniformity of a P4VP-I2 film over a 10 mm diameter circular area were characterized, showing standard deviations of 0.0769 and 1.91%, respectively.
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Cherumukkil S, Agrawal S, Jasra RV. Sulfur Polymer as Emerging Advanced Materials: Synthesis and Applications. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Cherumukkil
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
| | - Santosh Agrawal
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
| | - Raksh Vir Jasra
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
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Gu J, Wang X, Xu C, Feng X, Zhang S. Polythiourethane composite film with high transparency, high refractive index and low dispersion containing ZnS nanoparticle via thiol-ene click chemistry. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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28
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Yue TJ, Wang LY, Ren WM, Lu XB. Regioselective Copolymerization of Epoxides and Phthalic Thioanhydride to Produce Isotacticity-Rich Semiaromatic Polythioesters. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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29
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Ando S. Characteristic changes in the structures and properties of polyimides induced by very high pressures up to 8 GPa. Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-023-00759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
AbstractVarious in situ measurement techniques have been applied to investigate changes in the three-dimensional structures and the properties of fully aromatic polymers (mainly aromatic polyimides: PIs) generated at very high pressures up to 8 GPa. In particular, significant changes occurred in the ordered structures, aggregation states, electronic structures, and intermolecular interactions in the repeating units of the PI molecular chains and were observed by applying pressure with a high-pressure optical cell (up to 0.4 GPa, ca. 4000 atm) or a diamond anvil cell (DAC, up to 8.0 GPa, ca. 80,000 atm). In addition, the structural changes in the PI molecular chain repeating units and interchain distances induced by the ultrahigh pressures were observed with wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and they were compared and contrasted with optical absorption, fluorescent and phosphorescent emission spectra, infrared absorption spectra, and refractive indexes observed under the same conditions. These findings obtained at very high pressures provide molecular design guidelines for new PI materials with novel optical, electronic, and thermal functionalities that are not easy to achieve under ambient conditions.
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Han JH, Lim YC, Kim RM, Lv J, Cho NH, Kim H, Namgung SD, Im SW, Nam KT. Neural-Network-Enabled Design of a Chiral Plasmonic Nanodimer for Target-Specific Chirality Sensing. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2306-2317. [PMID: 36648062 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of chiral molecules in various solvents is essential. However, there are still many challenges to enhancing the sensitivity in precisely determining both concentration and chirality. Here, we built an algorithmic methodology to predict and optimally design the chiroptical response of chiral plasmonic sensors for a specific target chiral analyte with the aid of deep learning. Based upon the analytic and intuitive understanding of the Born-Kuhn type plasmonic nanodimer, we designed and trained the neural networks that can successfully predict the chiroptical properties and further inversely design the plasmonic structure to achieve the intended circular dichroism. The developed algorithm could identify the optimum structure exhibiting the maximum sensitivity for the given specific analytes. Surprisingly, we discovered that sensitivity strongly depends on the various conditions of analytes and can be finely tuned with the structural parameters of plasmonic nanodimers. We envision that this study can provide a general platform to develop ultrasensitive chiral plasmonic sensors whose structure and sensitivity have been evolved algorithmically for adoption in specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae-Chan Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeong Myeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiawei Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Heon Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeohn Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Daniel Namgung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
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Mazumder K, Komber H, Bittrich E, Voit B, Banerjee S. Synthesis and characterization of poly(1,2,3‐triazole)s with inherent high sulfur content for optical applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kajari Mazumder
- Materials Science Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Dresden Germany
| | - Eva Bittrich
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Dresden Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Dresden Germany
- Chair Organic Chemistry of Polymers Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
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32
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Legrand S, Kabir R, Kärkkäinen A. New Phenanthrenyl‐Substituted Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Polysiloxanes for Optoelectronic Applications. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakib Kabir
- Optitune Oy Tutkijankuja 5 90590 Oulu Finland
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The Relationship between Structure and Performance of Different Polyimides Based on Molecular Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030646. [PMID: 36771947 PMCID: PMC9921807 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A polyimide (PI) molecular model was successfully constructed to compare the performance of PIs with different structures. In detail, the structure of the cross-linked PI resin, the prepolymer melt viscosity, and the glass-transition temperature (Tg) were investigated using molecular simulations. The results indicate that benzene ring and polyene-type cross-linked structures dominate the properties of the PIs. Moreover, the prepolymer melt viscosity simulations show that the 6FDA-APB and the ODPA-APB systems have a low viscosity. The results for the Tg and the distribution dihedral angle reveal that the key factor affecting bond flexibility may be the formation of a new dihedral angle after cross-linking, which affects the Tg. The above results provide an important reference for the design of PIs and have important value from the perspective of improving the efficiency of new product development.
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34
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Lee D, Cho H, Yoon I. Zirconia nanocomposites and their applications as transparent advanced optical materials with
high refractive index. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deunchan Lee
- Department of Chemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjun Cho
- Department of Chemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Ilsun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
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35
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Cheng Z, Li M, Zhang XY, Sun Y, Yu QL, Zhang XH, Lu Z. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Double Hydrosilylation of Arylacetylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215029. [PMID: 36330602 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Double hydrosilylation of alkynes represents a straightforward method to synthesize bis(silane)s, yet it is challenging if α-substituted vinylsilanes act as the intermediates. Here, a cobalt-catalyzed regiodivergent double hydrosilylation of arylacetylenes is reported for the first time involving this challenge, accessing both vicinal and geminal bis(silane)s with exclusive regioselectivity. Various novel bis(silane)s containing Si-H bonds can be easily obtained. The gram-scale reactions could be performed smoothly. Preliminarily mechanistic studies demonstrated that the reactions were initiated by cobalt-catalyzed α-hydrosilylation of alkynes, followed by cobalt-catalyzed β-hydrosilylation of the α-vinylsilanes to deliver vicinal bis(silane)s, or hydride-catalyzed α-hydrosilylation to give geminal ones. Notably, these bis(silane)s can be used for the synthesis of high-refractive-index polymers (nd up to 1.83), demonstrating great potential utility in optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qing-Lei Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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36
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Ghorai A, Banerjee S. Phosphorus-Containing Aromatic Polymers: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Membrane-Based Applications. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kang KS, Olikagu C, Lee T, Bao J, Molineux J, Holmen LN, Martin KP, Kim KJ, Kim KH, Bang J, Kumirov VK, Glass RS, Norwood RA, Njardarson JT, Pyun J. Sulfenyl Chlorides: An Alternative Monomer Feedstock from Elemental Sulfur for Polymer Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23044-23052. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Seok Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Chisom Olikagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jianhua Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jake Molineux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Lindsey N. Holmen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kaitlyn P. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kyung-Jo Kim
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Vlad K. Kumirov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Richard S. Glass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Robert A. Norwood
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jon T. Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Masood S, Gulnar L, Chandio AD, Arshad H, Rehman W, Atique A. Preparation and optical characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol) and starch (native and modified) blend films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Wu W, Ouyang Q, He L, Huang Q. Optical and thermal properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bearing phenyl and adamantyl substituents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Surface functionalization of Si6Li6 cluster with superalkalis to achieve high nonlinear optical response: A DFT study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Mazumder K, Komber H, Bittrich E, Uhlig K, Voit B, Banerjee S. Sulfur-Rich Polyimides Containing Bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiophene for High-Refractive-Index Applications. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kajari Mazumder
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Bittrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Uhlig
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Chair Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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42
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Rapid ultraviolet curing of epoxy acrylate films with low refractive index and strong interfacial adhesion. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Chen X, Ding Y, Li Y, Li J, Sun L, Wei X, Wei J, Zhang K, Wang H, Pan L, He S, Li Y. Modification of polylactide by poly(ionic liquid)-b-polylactide copolymer and bio-based ionomers: Excellent toughness, transparency and antibacterial property. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1512-1526. [PMID: 35998852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most attractive bioplastics as it can be produced from nontoxic renewable feedstock. However, its inherently poor toughness greatly limits its large-scale application. Cost-effectively toughening PLA without sacrificing its transparency remains a big challenge. We herein prepared an imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)-b-PLA copolymer (ILA) and ionomers as toughening agent for PLA through an integrative approach including continuous-monomer-feeding copolymerization, quaternization reaction, ion exchange and inter-ionomers blending. By blending PLA with the ILA and ionomers, we successfully obtained PLA materials with combined features including high toughness, good transparency and antibacterial properties. The effects of regulated ionomer composition and ILA compatibilizer on phase morphology, mechanical properties and transparency of the blends were systematically studied. The optimum formulation (PLA/E12/ILA 60/40/5) shows an impressive transmittance of 89-93 %, high impact strength of 45 kJ/m2 and elongation at break at 170 %, which are about 17 and 24 times that of pure PLA, respectively. More interestingly, the presence of imidazolium cation and anion groups endows the blends with attractive antibacterial properties. Ion exchange between ILA copolymer and the imidazolium-containing ionomeric system leads to a synergistic effect of compatibilization and efficient toughening, providing a new strategy for develop high performance PLA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yingli Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yang Li
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinshan Li
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liming Sun
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and the Key Laboratory of Catalysis of CNPC, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Shengbao He
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Watanabe S, Takayama T, Oyaizu K. Transcending the Trade-off in Refractive Index and Abbe Number for Highly Refractive Polymers: Synergistic Effect of Polarizable Skeletons and Robust Hydrogen Bonds. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:458-466. [PMID: 36855676 PMCID: PMC9955235 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-refractive-index polymers (HRIPs) are attractive materials for the development of optical devices with high performances. However, because practical components and structures for HRIPs are limited from the viewpoint of synthetic techniques, it has proved difficult using traditional strategies to enhance the refractive index (RI) of HRIPs to more than a certain degree (over 1.8) while maintaining their visible transparency. Here, we found that poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) derivatives featuring both methylthio and hydroxy groups can simultaneously exhibit balanced properties of an ultrahigh RI of n D = 1.85 and Abbe number of νD = 20 owing to the synergistic effect of high molar refraction and dense intermolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). This brand new strategy is anticipated to contribute to the development of HRIPs displaying ultrahigh RI with adequate Abbe numbers beyond the empirical n D-νD threshold, which has not been achieved to date.
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45
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Choi K, Jang W, Lee W, Choi JS, Kang M, Kim J, Char K, Lim J, Im SG. Systematic Control of Sulfur Chain Length of High Refractive Index, Transparent Sulfur-Containing Polymers with Enhanced Thermal Stability. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keonwoo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wontae Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST institute for NanoCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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46
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Peng J, Zheng N, Shen P, Zhao Z, Hu R, Tang BZ. Room temperature polymerizations of selenium and alkynones for the regioselective synthesis of poly(1,4-diselenin)s or polyselenophenes. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Chandrappa H, Bhajantri RF, Ismayil, Ganesha KN. Development of
Zn
1−x
Ba
x
O
nanoparticles reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) macromolecular nanocomposite films: Eco‐friendly integrated materials for optical systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halli Chandrappa
- Department of Studies in Physics Karnatak University, Pavatenagar Dharwad Karnataka India
- Department of Physics Smt. Rukmini Shedthi Memorial National Government First Grade College & Postgraduate Study Centre Barkur Karnataka India
| | | | - Ismayil
- Department of Physics Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Kaliyur Nanjundaiah Ganesha
- Department of Physics Smt. Rukmini Shedthi Memorial National Government First Grade College & Postgraduate Study Centre Barkur Karnataka India
- Department of Physics Maharani's Science College for Women Mysore Karnataka India
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48
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Cao C, Qiu Y, Guan L, Wei Z, Yang Z, Zhan L, Zhu D, Ding C, Shen X, Xia X, Kuang C, Liu X. Dip-In Photoresist for Photoinhibited Two-Photon Lithography to Realize High-Precision Direct Laser Writing on Wafer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31332-31342. [PMID: 35786857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For decades, photoinhibited two-photon lithography (PI-TPL) has been continually developed and applied into versatile nanofabrication. However, ultrahigh precision fabrication on wafer by PI-TPL remains challenging, due to the lack of a refractive index (n) matched photoresist (Rim-P) with effective photoinhibition capacity for dip-in mode. In this paper, various Rim-P are developed and then screened for their applications in PI-TPL. In addition, different lithography methods (in terms of oil-mode and dip-in mode) are analyzed by use of optical simulations combined with experiments. Remarkably, one type of Rim-P (n = 1.518) shows effective photoinhibition capacity, which represents an outstanding breakthrough in the field of PI-TPL. In contrast to photoresist with an unsuitable refractive index, optical aberrations are almost completely eliminated in the dip-in mode by using the Rim-P. Consequently, features with a minimum critical dimension as small as 39 nm are successfully achieved on wafer by dip-in PI-TPL, which paves the way for subdiffraction silicon-based chip manufacturing by PI-TPL. Moreover, through a combination of the Rim-P and dip-in mode, the ability to achieve tall and high-precision three-dimensional nanostructures is no longer problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cao
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yiwei Qiu
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lingling Guan
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhenyao Yang
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lanxin Zhan
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dazhao Zhu
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chenliang Ding
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaoming Shen
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xianmeng Xia
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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49
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Matsumori K, Fujimura R, Retsch M. Reflection Mechanism of Dielectric Corner Reflectors: The Role of the Diffraction of Evanescent Waves and the Goos-Hänchen Shift. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23353-23361. [PMID: 35847333 PMCID: PMC9280947 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and microstructures have been developed for asymmetric light transmission (ALT) filters operating in a wide wavelength range. One of the most straightforward structures with ALT properties is a dielectric corner reflector (DCR) comprising a one-dimensional grating of a triangular shape on one surface. The DCR possesses strong reflection only for one-way light illumination due to multiple total internal reflections (TIRs) inside the triangular grating. For triangular structures being much larger than the wavelength of light, the reflection properties are expected to be fully described by geometrical optics. However, geometrical optics do not account for the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift, which is caused by the evanescent wave of the TIR. In this work, the reflection mechanism of DCRs is elucidated using the finite element method and a quantitative model built by considering the GH shift. The reduction in reflection of the DCR is dominated by diffraction of the evanescent wave at the corner of the triangular structure. Our model is based on simple mathematics and can optimize the DCR geometry for applications addressing a wide wavelength range such as radiative cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishin Matsumori
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, University
of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Ryushi Fujimura
- Graduate
School of Regional Development and Creativity, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan
| | - Markus Retsch
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, University
of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
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50
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Wang K, Yan S, Han T, Wu Q, Yan N, Kang M, Ge J, Wang D, Tang BZ. Cascade C-H-Activated Polyannulations toward Ring-Fused Heteroaromatic Polymers for Intracellular pH Mapping and Cancer Cell Killing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11788-11801. [PMID: 35736562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of straightforward and efficient synthetic methods toward ring-fused heteroaromatic polymers with attractive functionalities has great significance in both chemistry and materials science. Herein, we develop a facile cascade C-H-activated polyannulation route that can in situ generate multiple ring-fused aza-heteroaromatic polymers from readily available monomers in an atom-economical manner. A series of complex polybenzimidazole derivatives with high absolute molecular weights of up to 24 000 are efficiently produced in high yields within 2 h. Benefiting from their unique imidazole-containing ring-fused structures with multiple aryl pendants, the obtained polymers show excellent thermal and morphological stability, good solution processability, high refractive index, small chromic dispersion, as well as remarkable acid-base-responsive fluorescence. Taking advantage of the ratiometric fluorescence response of the triphenylamine-substituted heteroaromatic polymer to pH variations, we successfully apply it as a sensitive fluorescence probe for the mapping and quantitative analysis of intracellular pH in live cells. Furthermore, through the simple N-methylation reaction of the ring-fused polybenzimidazoles, diverse azonia-containing polyelectrolytes are readily produced, which can efficiently kill cancer cells via the synergistic effects of dark toxicity and phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Saisai Yan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Neng Yan
- Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinyin Ge
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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