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Lee J, Yang JC, Lone S, Park WI, Lin Z, Park J, Hong SW. Enabling the Selective Detection of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals via Molecularly Surface-Imprinted "Coffee Rings". Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1523-1531. [PMID: 33617232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) represent an intriguing class of synthetic materials that can selectively recognize and bind chemical or biological molecules in a variety of value-added applications in sensors, catalysis, drug delivery, antibodies, and receptors. In this context, many advanced methods of implementing functional MIP materials have been actively studied. Herein, we report a robust strategy to produce highly ordered arrays of surface-imprinted polymer patterns with unprecedented regularity for MIP-based sensor platform, which involves the controlled evaporative self-assembly process of MIP precursor solution in a confined geometry consisting of a spherical lens on a flat Si substrate (i.e., sphere-on-flat geometry) to synergistically utilize the "coffee-ring" effect and repetitive stick-slip motions of the three-phase contact line simply by solvent evaporation. Highly ordered arrays of the ring-patterned MIP films are then polymerized under UV irradiation to achieve semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. The extraction of templated target molecules from the surface-imprinted ring-patterned MIP films leaves behind copious cavities for the recognizable specific "memory sites" to efficiently detect small molecules. As a result, the elaborated surface structuring effect, sensitivity, and specific selectivity of the coffee-ring-based MIP sensors are scrutinized by capitalizing on an endocrine-disrupting chemical, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), as an example. Clearly, the evaporative self-assembly of nonvolatile solutes in a confined geometry renders the creation of familiar yet ordered coffee-ring-like patterns for a wide range of applications, including sensors, scaffolds for cell motility, templates, substrates for neuron guidance, etc., thereby dispensing with the need of multistep lithography techniques and external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Yang
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Saifullah Lone
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Ik Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyoung National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jinyoung Park
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Talantikite M, Leray N, Durand S, Moreau C, Cathala B. Influence of arabinoxylan on the drying of cellulose nanocrystals suspension: From coffee ring to Maltese cross pattern and application to enzymatic detection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:727-735. [PMID: 33234309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Evaporation of sessile droplet containing suspension of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) results on birefringent coffee ring pattern (CR), due to the concentration increase and self-assembly of CNC carried by the flow at the edge of evaporating droplet. In this work, we studied the apparition of Maltese cross pattern, (MC) after addition of an hydrosoluble biopolymer belonging to the hemicellulose family, i.e. arabinoxylan (AX). To investigate the mechanisms that control MC pattern apparition, distribution of the two components inside the dried droplet was investigated using FTIR. CNC and AX were found to be homogenously deposited and CNC self-assembly induces nanoparticles orientation in the CR deposit. We demonstrate that the increase of concentration during drying induces gelation of CNC/AX mixture leading to MC pattern apparition. We take advantage of the apparition of MC pattern to develop a novel catalytic activity detection assay based on the variation of viscosity. Indeed, addition of Endo-1,4-β-Xylanase (Xyl) addition to a suspension containing CNC/AX complex leads to hydrolysis of AX that decrease in droplet viscosity leading to MC disappearance. The enzymatic detection assay is thus simple, easy to handle, fast, sensitive and do not require complex analytical devices.
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Qu T, Guan S, Zheng X, Chen A. Perpendicularly aligned nanodomains on versatile substrates via rapid thermal annealing assisted by liquid crystalline ordering in block copolymer films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1523-1530. [PMID: 36132323 PMCID: PMC9418532 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The highly ordered perpendicularly aligned cylindrical and lamellar microdomains within block copolymer (BCP) films have important applications in diverse fields. However, the fast normal orientation of self-assembled nanostructures on arbitrary substrates without tedious pre- and postprocessing has been a challenging issue in manufacturing miniaturized devices. Here, we outline the potential for extending the hierarchical self-assembly within azobenzene-containing PS-b-PMA(Az) films to inherently assist in the formation of normally aligned domains using a rapid thermal annealing process (140 °C for 5 min). Liquid crystalline (LC) mesogens in PS-b-PMA(Az) films self-assemble to form a parallelly aligned sematic phase after thermal annealing, as confirmed by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra. This sub-phase contributes to broadening of the PS-cylinder-phase window (0.083 ≤ f PS < 0.49) and ∼12 nm PS cylinder structures. Perpendicular cylinders or lamellae are observed on various substrates, such as silicon wafers, flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets and conductive aluminum foils. Additionally, the good reactive ion etching (RIE) rate difference between the two blocks makes these BCPs more attractive for advancing the field of BCP lithographic applications for fabricating flexible microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Song Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Aihua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
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Shin JI, Cho SJ, Jeon J, Lee KH, Wie JJ. Three-dimensional micropatterning of semiconducting polymers via capillary force-assisted evaporative self-assembly. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3854-3863. [PMID: 31062802 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00478e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlled evaporative self-assembly of semiconducting polymers has mostly been studied on 2-dimensional flat substrates. In this study, we reported capillary-assisted evaporative self-assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene 2,5-diyl) (P3HT) into 3-D micro-ring patterns through the stick-slip phenomenon within a 3-dimensional cylinder. We deconvoluted the well-known two-step stick-slip phenomenon into three regimes through in situ monitoring of the P3HT self-assembly process using a high-speed camera: pinning and deposition; depinning and slip; and retraction regimes. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of various parameters associated with the self-assembly, including polymer concentration, tilt angle, magnetic field, and evaporation temperature, thus achieving self-assembled microarchitectures with diverse dimensions ranging from dots to lines and networks. The self-assembled microstructures were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by evaluating the fast Fourier transform image, surface coverage, fractal dimension and lacunarity of the micropatterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Shin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
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Li X, Li B, He M, Wang W, Wang T, Wang A, Yu J, Wang Z, Hong SW, Byun M, Lin S, Yu H, Lin Z. Convenient and Robust Route to Photoswitchable Hierarchical Liquid Crystal Polymer Stripes via Flow-Enabled Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:4961-4970. [PMID: 29308640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically arranged stripes of photoswitchable liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) containing azobenzene moieties were conveniently crafted via a flow-enabled self-assembly (FESA). Interestingly, by subjecting a drop of LCP solution to dry in a restricted geometry comprising two nearly parallel plates with a stationary upper plate and a movable lower plate that programmably traveled in a "stop-and-move" manner during the FESA process, photoswitchable LCP stripes were yielded, displaying two modes of deposition, namely, periodic primary stripes of large dimensions and regularly spaced secondary stripes of small dimensions situated between adjacent primary stripes (i.e., forming hierarchical LCP stripes). Notably, these hierarchical azobenzene moieties-containing stripes demonstrated sequential photoinduced reversible phase transition (i.e., photoswitching) due to the thickness difference between primary and secondary stripes. A UV light-induced expansion effect was observed on the LCP stripes. Clearly, such rapid creation of hierarchical stripes by FESA represents a robust means of organizing polymers, nanoparticles, colloids, DNA, etc. into complex yet ordered patterns over a large area in a simple and controllable manner for potential use in surface relief grating, photoactuators, photoswitchable devices, antifake labels, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ming He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tianjie Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Aurelia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jiwoo Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Byun
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Keimyung University , Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Zhang Z, Hilton GC, Yang R, Ding Y. Capillary rupture of suspended polymer concentric rings. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:7264-7269. [PMID: 26287952 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01537e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the first experimental study on the simultaneous capillary instability amongst viscous concentric rings suspended atop an immiscible medium. The rings ruptured upon annealing, with three types of phase correlation between neighboring rings. In the case of weak substrate confinement, the rings ruptured independently when they were sparsely distanced, but via an out-of-phase mode when packed closer. If the substrate confinement was strong, the rings would rupture via an in-phase mode, resulting in radially aligned droplets. The concentric ring geometry caused a competition between the phase correlation of neighboring rings and the kinetically favorable wavelength, yielding an intriguing, recursive surface pattern. This frustrated pattern formation behavior was accounted for by a scaling analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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7
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Formation of nanostructured thin films of immiscible polymer blends by directional crystallization onto a crystallizable organic solvent. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Askounis A, Sefiane K, Koutsos V, Shanahan MER. Effect of particle geometry on triple line motion of nano-fluid drops and deposit nano-structuring. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 222:44-57. [PMID: 24927853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We illustrate the importance of particle geometry on droplet contact line pinning, 'coffee-stain' formation and nano-structuring within the resulting rings. We present the fundamentals of pure liquid droplet evaporation and then discuss the effect of particles on the evaporation process. The resulting coffee-stain patterns and particle structuring within them are presented and discussed. In the second part, we turn our attention to the effect of particle geometry on the evaporation process. A wide range of particle shapes, categorised according to aspect ratio, from the simple shape of a sphere to the highly irregular shapes of platelets and tubes is discussed. Particle geometry effect on evaporation behaviour was quantified in terms of change in contact angle and contact radius for the stick-slip cases. Consequently the hysteretic energy barrier pinning the droplets was estimated, showing an increasing trend with particle aspect ratio. The three-phase contact line (TL) motion kinetics are complemented with analysis of the nano-structuring behaviour of each shape, leading to the identification of the two main parameters affecting nanoparticle self-assembly behaviour at the wedge. Flow velocity and wedge constraints were found to have antagonist effects on particle deposition, although these varied with particle shape. This description should help in understanding the drying behaviour of more complex fluids. Furthermore, knowing the fundamentals of this simple and inexpensive surface patterning technique should permit its tailoring to the needs of many potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Askounis
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom
| | - Khellil Sefiane
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom.
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin E R Shanahan
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
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9
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Periodic nanopatterns from polymer blends via directional solidification and subsequent epitaxial crystallization. Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Sun W, Yang K, Yang F. Formation of self-organized surface structures on poly(methyl methacrylate) films: effect of two contacting metallic wires. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Sun W, Yang F. Dynamics of the evaporative dewetting of a volatile liquid film confined within a circular ring. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:4024-4031. [PMID: 25785552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dewetting dynamics of a toluene film confined within a copper ring on a deformable PMMA film is studied. The toluene film experiences evaporation and dewetting, which leads to the formation of a circular contact line around the center of the copper ring. The contact line recedes smoothly toward the copper ring at a constant velocity until reaching a dynamic "stick" state to form the first circular polymer ridge. The average receding velocity is found to be dependent on the dimensions of the copper ring (the copper ring diameter and the cross-sectional diameter of the copper wire) and the thickness of the PMMA films. A model is presented to qualitatively explain the evaporative dewetting phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Fuqian Yang
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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12
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Sun W, Yang F. Fabrication of asymmetric-gradient-concentric ring patterns via evaporation of droplets of PMMA solution at different substrate temperatures. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01659b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric-gradient-concentric ring patterns are fabricated via evaporating a PMMA solution droplet with a circular copper ring as template. Various micro-patterns are formed in the trench between the polymer rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Materials Program
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Kentucky
- Lexington
- USA
| | - Fuqian Yang
- Materials Program
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Kentucky
- Lexington
- USA
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13
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Sun W, Yang F. Cooling-induced formation of honeycomb patterns on pre-cast PMMA films at low temperatures. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09579d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface patterns formed on pre-cast PMMA films. A typical AFM image shows the hexagon network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Materials Program
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Kentucky
- Lexington
- USA
| | - Fuqian Yang
- Materials Program
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Kentucky
- Lexington
- USA
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15
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Lee T, Charrault E, Neto C. Interfacial slip on rough, patterned and soft surfaces: a review of experiments and simulations. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 210:21-38. [PMID: 24630344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in the fabrication of microfluidic and nanofluidic devices and the study of liquids in confined geometries rely on understanding the boundary conditions for the flow of liquids at solid surfaces. Over the past ten years, a large number of research groups have turned to investigating flow boundary conditions, and the occurrence of interfacial slip has become increasingly well-accepted and understood. While the dependence of slip on surface wettability is fairly well understood, the effect of other surface modifications that affect surface roughness, structure and compliance, on interfacial slip is still under intense investigation. In this paper we review investigations published in the past ten years on boundary conditions for flow on complex surfaces, by which we mean rough and structured surfaces, surfaces decorated with chemical patterns, grafted with polymer layers, with adsorbed nanobubbles, and superhydrophobic surfaces. The review is divided in two interconnected parts, the first dedicated to physical experiments and the second to computational experiments on interfacial slip of simple (Newtonian) liquids on these complex surfaces. Our work is intended as an entry-level review for researchers moving into the field of interfacial slip, and as an indication of outstanding problems that need to be addressed for the field to reach full maturity.
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Sun W, Yang F. Evaporation-induced formation of self-organized gradient concentric rings on sub-micron pre-cast PMMA films. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:4451-4457. [PMID: 24803223 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A "particle-on-film" template is developed to fabricate self-organized surface patterns through solvent evaporation on initially featureless, sub-micron PMMA films. The small particle placed on the pre-cast PMMA film is able to confine a toluene droplet and influence the evaporative process. Well-ordered gradient concentric rings are formed around the particle due to the unconventional "advancing-receding" motion of the contact line in the "stick" state on the surface of the PMMA films. Both the center-to-center distance between adjacent rings (wavelength) and the height of the rings (amplitude) are strongly dependent on the particle size and the film thickness, and decrease with the decrease of the distance to the center of the particle. A linear dependence of the amplitude of the rings on the wavelength is observed under experimental conditions. The results demonstrate that the "particle-on-film" template has the potential to fabricate highly-ordered surface patterns economically and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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17
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Sun W, Yang F. Formation of self-organized gradient stripes on precast poly(methyl methacrylate) films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6548-6555. [PMID: 24849400 DOI: 10.1021/la5004275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A "wire-on-film" template has been developed to construct surface gradient patterns on precast poly(methyl methacrylate) films. Solvent evaporation around a Cu wire leads to the formation of self-organized gradient stripes, with the longitudinal direction of the stripes being parallel to the axis of the Cu wire. Both the spatial wavelength and the amplitude of the stripes near the Cu wire decrease with a decrease of the distance to the center of the Cu wire. The amplitude of the stripes varies linearly with the spatial wavelength for the experimental conditions used, which is a function of the diameter of the Cu wires and the film thickness. Using two parallel copper wires, we demonstrate the possibility of controlling the characteristics of the gradient stripes. A featureless zone is formed between the copper wires, the size of which is dependent on the distance between two wires and the diameter of the copper wires. The results of this study provide a simple method to fabricate gradient gratings on polymer films in an economical and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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18
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Thiele U. Patterned deposition at moving contact lines. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 206:399-413. [PMID: 24331374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
When a simple or complex liquid recedes from a smooth solid substrate it often leaves a homogeneous or structured deposit behind. In the case of a receding non-volatile pure liquid the deposit might be a liquid film or an arrangement of droplets depending on the receding speed of the meniscus and the wetting properties of the system. For complex liquids with volatile components as, e.g., polymer solutions and particle or surfactant suspensions, the deposit might be a homogeneous or structured layer of solute--with structures ranging from line patterns that can be orthogonal or parallel to the receding contact line via hexagonal or square arrangements of drops to complicated hierarchical structures. We review a number of recent experiments and modelling approaches with a particular focus on mesoscopic hydrodynamic long-wave models. The conclusion highlights open question and speculates about future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Thiele
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK; Institut für Theoretische Physik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm Klemm Str. 9, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Han W, Byun M, Li B, Pang X, Lin Z. A Simple Route to Hierarchically Assembled Micelles and Inorganic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Han W, Byun M, Li B, Pang X, Lin Z. A simple route to hierarchically assembled micelles and inorganic nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12588-92. [PMID: 23136097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Earning their stripes: A hierarchical assembly of micelles composed of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer, poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP), were made by combining controlled evaporative self-assembly of the confined PS-b-P4VP toluene solution in a cylinder-on-Si geometry with spontaneous self-assembly of micelles. This method gave microscopic stripes of nanometer-sized PS-b-P4VP micelles within the stripes (see pictures).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Jung HJ, Huh J, Park C. Kinetically driven self-assembly of a binary solute mixture with controlled phase separation via electro-hydrodynamic flow of corona discharge. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6219-6234. [PMID: 22990240 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31721d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This feature article describes a new and facile process to fabricate a variety of thin films of non-volatile binary solute mixtures suitable for high performance organic electronic devices via electro-hydrodynamic flow of conventional corona discharge. Both Corona Discharge Coating (CDC) and a modified version of CDC, Scanning Corona Discharge Coating (SCDC), are based on utilizing directional electric flow, known as corona wind, of the charged uni-polar particles generated by corona discharge between a metallic needle and a bottom plate under a high electric field (5-10 kV cm(-1)). The electric flow rapidly spreads out the binary mixture solution on the bottom plate and subsequently forms a smooth and flat thin film in a large area within a few seconds. In the case of SCDC, the static movement of the bottom electrode on which a binary mixture solution is placed provides further control of thin film formation, giving rise to a film highly uniform over a large area. Interesting phase separation behaviors were observed including nanometer scale phase separation of a polymer-polymer binary mixture and vertical phase separation of a polymer-organic semiconductor mixture. Core-shell type phase separation of either polymer-polymer or polymer-colloidal nanoparticle binary mixtures was also developed with a periodically patterned microstructure when the relative location of the corona wind was controlled to a binary solution droplet on a substrate. We also demonstrate potential applications of thin functional films with controlled microstructures by corona coating to various organic electronic devices such as electroluminescent diodes, field effect transistors and non-volatile polymer memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joon Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
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22
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Cui L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Huang L, Wang Z, Li Y, Gao H, Zhu S, Wang T, Yang B. Suppression of the coffee ring effect by hydrosoluble polymer additives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:2775-80. [PMID: 22545558 DOI: 10.1021/am300423p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A simple and novel method has been demonstrated for avoiding coffee ring structure based on hydrosoluble polymer additives during droplet evaporation. The polymer additives lead to the motion of the contact line (CL) resulted from the viscosity and Marangoni effect. The viscosity provides a large resistance to the radially outward flow. It results in a small amount of spheres deposited at droplet edge, which do not facilitate the pinning of the CL. The Marangoni effect resulted from the variation of polymer concentration at droplet edge during droplet evaporation contributes to the motion of the CL. Thus, uniform and ordered macroscale SiO(2) microspheres deposition is achieved. What's more, the coffee ring effect can be eliminated by different hydrosoluble polymer. This method will be applicable to a wide of aqueous system and will be of great significance for extensive applications of droplet deposition in biochemical assays and material deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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23
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Park WK, Kim T, Kim H, Kim Y, Tung TT, Lin Z, Jang AR, Shin HS, Han JH, Yoon DH, Yang WS. Large-scale patterning by the roll-based evaporation-induced self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Han W, Lin Z. Von “Kaffeeringen” lernen: geordnete Strukturen durch Selbstorganisation bei kontrollierter Verdunstung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Han W, Lin Z. Learning from “Coffee Rings”: Ordered Structures Enabled by Controlled Evaporative Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1534-46. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Byun M, Han W, Li B, Hong SW, Cho JW, Zou Q, Lin Z. Guided organization of λ-DNA into microring arrays from liquid capillary bridges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1641-1646. [PMID: 21520411 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Byun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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27
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28
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Frastia L, Archer AJ, Thiele U. Dynamical model for the formation of patterned deposits at receding contact lines. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:077801. [PMID: 21405542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.077801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe the formation of deposition patterns that are observed in many different experiments where a three-phase contact line of a volatile nanoparticle suspension or polymer solution recedes. A dynamical model based on a long-wave approximation predicts the deposition of irregular and regular line patterns due to self-organized pinning-depinning cycles corresponding to a stick-slip motion of the contact line. We analyze how the line pattern properties depend on the evaporation rate and solute concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubor Frastia
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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29
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Lin Y, Su Z, Xiao G, Balizan E, Kaur G, Niu Z, Wang Q. Self-assembly of virus particles on flat surfaces via controlled evaporation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1398-1402. [PMID: 21090822 DOI: 10.1021/la103917x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic self-assembly of nonvolatile solutes via controlled solvent evaporation has been exploited as a simple route to create a variety of hierarchically assembled structures. In this work, two glass slides were used to form a confined space in which a solution of a rodlike nanoparticle, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), was evaporated to create large-scale stripe patterns. The height and width of the stripes are dependent on the TMV concentration. The large-scale-patterned surfaces can be applied to control surface hydrophobicity and direct the growth of bone marrow stromal cells. We systematically studied the effects of stripe width and height on surface hydrophobicity using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle measurements. This technique offers a facile approach to form 2D patterns on a large surface from a wide range of proteins as well as other biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, PR China
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30
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Han W, Byun M, Lin Z. Assembling and positioning latex nanoparticles via controlled evaporative self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Kwon SW, Byun M, Yoon DH, Park JH, Kim WK, Lin Z, Yang WS. Simple route to ridge optical waveguide fabricated via controlled evaporative self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04514d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Han W, Byun M, Zhao L, Rzayev J, Lin Z. Controlled evaporative self-assembly of hierarchically structured bottlebrush block copolymer with nanochannels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10978b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Byun M, Han W, Qiu F, Bowden NB, Lin Z. Hierarchically ordered structures enabled by controlled evaporative self-assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:2250-2255. [PMID: 20818622 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Byun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Kumar P. Directed Self-Assembly: Expectations and Achievements. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2010; 5:1367-1376. [PMID: 20730077 PMCID: PMC2920426 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been a revolutionary thrust in recent years of development of science and technology for its broad appeal for employing a novel idea for relevant technological applications in particular and for mass-scale production and marketing as common man commodity in general. An interesting aspect of this emergent technology is that it involves scientific research community and relevant industries alike. Top-down and bottom-up approaches are two broad division of production of nanoscale materials in general. However, both the approaches have their own limits as far as large-scale production and cost involved are concerned. Therefore, novel new techniques are desired to be developed to optimize production and cost. Directed self-assembly seems to be a promising technique in this regard; which can work as a bridge between the top-down and bottom-up approaches. This article reviews how directed self-assembly as a technique has grown up and outlines its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, 560064, India
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35
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Hong S, Wang J, Lin Z. Evolution of Ordered Block Copolymer Serpentines into a Macroscopic, Hierarchically Ordered Web. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Evolution of Ordered Block Copolymer Serpentines into a Macroscopic, Hierarchically Ordered Web. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8356-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Byun M, Wang J, Lin Z. Massively ordered microstructures composed of magnetic nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:264014. [PMID: 21828462 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/26/264014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic γ-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticle toluene solution was placed in a restricted, axially symmetric geometry composed of a spherical lens on a Si substrate (i.e., sphere-on-Si geometry), forming a capillary-held solution. The solvent evaporation led to the self-assembly of γ- Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles into hundreds of spatially well-ordered, gradient concentric 'coffee rings'. The rings were two nanoparticle layers high with a monolayer of nanoparticle thin film formed in between. The ring width ranged from submicron to a few microns. The center-to-center distance between adjacent rings was on the order of a few microns. The size and packing of γ- Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles, both within individual microscopic rings and in between, were dependent upon the preparation of the γ-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticle toluene solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Byun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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