1
|
Nduko JM, Taguchi S. Microbial Production of Biodegradable Lactate-Based Polymers and Oligomeric Building Blocks From Renewable and Waste Resources. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:618077. [PMID: 33614605 PMCID: PMC7889595 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.618077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally occurring biopolymers produced by microorganisms. PHAs have become attractive research biomaterials in the past few decades owing to their extensive potential industrial applications, especially as sustainable alternatives to the fossil fuel feedstock-derived products such as plastics. Among the biopolymers are the bioplastics and oligomers produced from the fermentation of renewable plant biomass. Bioplastics are intracellularly accumulated by microorganisms as carbon and energy reserves. The bioplastics, however, can also be produced through a biochemistry process that combines fermentative secretory production of monomers and/or oligomers and chemical synthesis to generate a repertoire of biopolymers. PHAs are particularly biodegradable and biocompatible, making them a part of today's commercial polymer industry. Their physicochemical properties that are similar to those of petrochemical-based plastics render them potential renewable plastic replacements. The design of efficient tractable processes using renewable biomass holds key to enhance their usage and adoption. In 2008, a lactate-polymerizing enzyme was developed to create new category of polyester, lactic acid (LA)-based polymer and related polymers. This review aims to introduce different strategies including metabolic and enzyme engineering to produce LA-based biopolymers and related oligomers that can act as precursors for catalytic synthesis of polylactic acid. As the cost of PHA production is prohibitive, the review emphasizes attempts to use the inexpensive plant biomass as substrates for LA-based polymer and oligomer production. Future prospects and challenges in LA-based polymer and oligomer production are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Masani Nduko
- Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Niiyama E, Uto K, Ebara M. Electrospun PCL-PCL Polyblend Nanofibers with High- and Low-molecular Weight for Controlled Degradation. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Niiyama
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uto
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biosynthesis and accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-polyethylene glycol, a hybrid co-polymer by endophytic Bacillus cereus RCL 02. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:807-815. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
4
|
Tsuge T. Fundamental factors determining the molecular weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate during biosynthesis. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Zanzig J, Marimuthu B, Werka J, Scholz C. Investigation of the Impact of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Modulation of Poly(B-Hydroxybutyrate) Syntheses on Cell Interactions of the Resulting Polymers. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911503038229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(-hydroxybutyrate), PHB is a bacterial polyester known for its excellent bone compatibility, however, the material lacks blood and tissue compatibility. Poly(ethylene glycol), PEG,-modulated fermentation of Alcaligenes latus and Azotobacter vinelandii UWD was employed to yield copolymers consisting of PHB and PEG that exhibit diminished cell-adhesion surface properties. PEGs with molecular weights of 3400, 2000, and 400 as well as diethylene glycol, DEG, and pentaerythritol ethoxylate, PEE, were used in a concentration of 2% (w/v) for amending the fermentation broths. This modulation of the fermentation conditions did not influence polymer yields. However, the resulting copolymers had drastically reduced molecular weights, 82% less for the DEG-amended fermentation of A. latus. The reduction in molecular weight was attributed to an end-capping reaction of the nascent PHB-chain with PEG and/or early chain termination by water facilitated by the presence of the highly hydrophilic PEG-molecules. The formation of a covalent linkage was proven unambiguously by H-NMR-spectroscopic methods only for the copolymers obtained in the DEG-modified fermentations of both strains. Cell growth experiments using SK-MEL 28 and MDA-MB 231 cells were used for the evaluation of polymer-cell interaction. Copolymer films obtained from PEG-modulated syntheses showed significantly less cell adhesion with reductions in cell adhesions; up to 74% less in the two-day experiments (MDA-MB 231 on the copolymer obtained in DEG-modified fermentation of A. latus) and 48% less in the seven-day experiments (SK-MEL 28 on the copolymer obtained in PEG 400-modified fermentation of A. vinelandii UWD). In the two-day experiments, no differences in the cellinteraction was observed between the polymers obtained from two different bacterial sources, the polymers differed in their long-term, seven-day, cell interaction with copolymers obtained from A. vinelandii UWD maintaining more effective cell repulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmen Scholz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, in Huntsville John Wright Drive, Huntsville AL 35899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonartsev AP, Zharkova II, Yakovlev SG, Myshkina VL, Mahina TK, Voinova VV, Zernov AL, Zhuikov VA, Akoulina EA, Ivanova EV, Kuznetsova ES, Shaitan KV, Bonartseva GA. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) copolymers by Azotobacter chroococcum 7B: A precursor feeding strategy. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:173-184. [PMID: 27215309 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1188317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A precursor feeding strategy for effective biopolymer producer strain Azotobacter chroococcum 7B was used to synthesize various poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) copolymers. We performed experiments on biosynthesis of PHB copolymers by A. chroococcum 7B using various precursors: sucrose as the primary carbon source, various carboxylic acids and ethylene glycol (EG) derivatives [diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 300, PEG 400, PEG 1000] as additional carbon sources. We analyzed strain growth parameters including biomass and polymer yields as well as molecular weight and monomer composition of produced copolymers. We demonstrated that A. chroococcum 7B was able to synthesize copolymers using carboxylic acids with the length less than linear 6C, including poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate) (PHB-4MHV) using Y-shaped 6C 3-methylvaleric acid as precursor as well as EG-containing copolymers: PHB-DEG, PHB-TEG, PHB-PEG, and PHB-HV-PEG copolymers using short-chain PEGs (with n ≤ 9) as precursors. It was shown that use of the additional carbon sources caused inhibition of cell growth, decrease in polymer yields, fall in polymer molecular weight, decrease in 3-hydroxyvalerate content in produced PHB-HV-PEG copolymer, and change in bacterial cells morphology that were depended on the nature of the precursors (carboxylic acids or EG derivatives) and the timing of its addition to the growth medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Bonartsev
- a A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia.,b Faculty of Biology , Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia.,c Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery , Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia
| | - I I Zharkova
- b Faculty of Biology , Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - S G Yakovlev
- a A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia.,c Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery , Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia
| | - V L Myshkina
- a A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - T K Mahina
- a A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - V V Voinova
- b Faculty of Biology , Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia.,c Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery , Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia
| | - A L Zernov
- a A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia.,c Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery , Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia
| | - V A Zhuikov
- a A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia.,c Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery , Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy , Nizhny Novgorod , Russia
| | - E A Akoulina
- a A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - E V Ivanova
- b Faculty of Biology , Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - E S Kuznetsova
- b Faculty of Biology , Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - K V Shaitan
- b Faculty of Biology , Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - G A Bonartseva
- a A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Volova T, Zhila N, Kiselev E, Shishatskaya E. A study of synthesis and properties of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/diethylene glycol copolymers. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1017-28. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Volova
- Inst. of Biophysics SB RAS; Akademgorodok 50 Krasnoyarsk 660036 Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Zhila
- Inst. of Biophysics SB RAS; Akademgorodok 50 Krasnoyarsk 660036 Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy Kiselev
- Inst. of Biophysics SB RAS; Akademgorodok 50 Krasnoyarsk 660036 Russian Federation
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Riedel SL, Jahns S, Koenig S, Bock MC, Brigham CJ, Bader J, Stahl U. Polyhydroxyalkanoates production with Ralstonia eutropha from low quality waste animal fats. J Biotechnol 2015; 214:119-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Rydz J, Sikorska W, Kyulavska M, Christova D. Polyester-based (bio)degradable polymers as environmentally friendly materials for sustainable development. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:564-96. [PMID: 25551604 PMCID: PMC4307263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the polyesters such as polylactide and polyhydroxyalkonoates, as well as polyamides produced from renewable resources, which are currently among the most promising (bio)degradable polymers. Synthetic pathways, favourable properties and utilisation (most important applications) of these attractive polymer families are outlined. Environmental impact and in particular (bio)degradation of aliphatic polyesters, polyamides and related copolymer structures are described in view of the potential applications in various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rydz
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Polymers, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., Bl. 103A, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska St., Zabrze 41-800, Poland.
| | - Mariya Kyulavska
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Polymers, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., Bl. 103A, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Darinka Christova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Polymers, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., Bl. 103A, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Holmberg AL, Reno KH, Wool RP, Epps TH. Biobased building blocks for the rational design of renewable block polymers. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:7405-7424. [PMID: 25131385 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Block polymers (BPs) derived from biomass (biobased) are necessary components of a sustainable future that relies minimally on petroleum-based plastics for applications ranging from thermoplastic elastomers and pressure-sensitive adhesives to blend compatibilizers. To facilitate their adoption, renewable BPs must be affordable, durable, processable, versatile, and reasonably benign. Their desirability further depends on the relative sustainability of the renewable resources and the methods employed in the monomer and polymer syntheses. Various strategies allow these BPs' characteristics to be tuned and enhanced for commercial applications, and many of these techniques also can be applied to manipulate the wide-ranging mechanical and thermal properties of biobased and self-assembling block polymers. From feedstock to application, this review article highlights promising renewable BPs, plus their material and assembly properties, in support of de novo design strategies that could revolutionize material sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Holmberg
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang W, Shrestha R, Buckley RM, Jewell J, Bossmann SH, Stubbe J, Li P. Mechanistic insight with HBCH2CoA as a probe to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthases. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1773-9. [PMID: 24896226 PMCID: PMC4136709 DOI: 10.1021/cb5002735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthases
catalyze the polymerization
of 3-(R)-hydroxybutyrate coenzyme A (HBCoA) to produce
polyoxoesters of 1–2 MDa. A substrate analogue HBCH2CoA, in which the S in HBCoA is replaced with a
CH2 group, was synthesized in 13 steps using a chemoenzymatic
approach in a 7.5% overall yield. Kinetic studies reveal it is a competitive
inhibitor of a class I and a class III PHB synthases, with Kis of 40 and 14 μM, respectively. To probe
the elongation steps of the polymerization, HBCH2CoA was
incubated with a synthase acylated with a [3H]-saturated
trimer-CoA ([3H]-sTCoA). The products of the reaction were
shown to be the methylene analogue of [3H]-sTCoA ([3H]-sT-CH2-CoA), saturated dimer-([3H]-sD-CO2H), and trimer-acid ([3H]-sT-CO2H),
distinct from the expected methylene analogue of [3H]-saturated
tetramer-CoA ([3H]-sTet-CH2-CoA). Detection
of [3H]-sT-CH2-CoA and its slow rate of formation
suggest that HBCH2CoA may be reporting on the termination
and repriming process of the synthases, rather than elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Ruben Shrestha
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Jamie Jewell
- Department
of Chemistry, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio 43219, United States
| | - Stefan H. Bossmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Ping Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chan RTH, Russell RA, Marçal H, Lee TH, Holden PJ, Foster LJR. BioPEGylation of Polyhydroxybutyrate Promotes Nerve Cell Health and Migration. Biomacromolecules 2013; 15:339-49. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A. Russell
- Australian
Nuclear
Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter J. Holden
- Australian
Nuclear
Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hiroe A, Hyakutake M, Thomson NM, Sivaniah E, Tsuge T. Endogenous ethanol affects biopolyester molecular weight in recombinant Escherichia coli. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2568-76. [PMID: 24041146 DOI: 10.1021/cb400465p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In biopolyester synthesis, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase (PhaC) catalyzes the polymerization of PHA in bacterial cells, followed by a chain transfer (CT) reaction in which the PHA polymer chain is transferred from PhaC to a CT agent. Accordingly, the frequency of CT reaction determines PHA molecular weight. Previous studies have shown that exogenous alcohols are effective CT agents. This study aimed to clarify the effect of endogenous ethanol as a CT agent for poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] [P(3HB)] synthesis in recombinant Escherichia coli, by comparing with that of exogenous ethanol. Ethanol supplementation to the culture medium reduced P(3HB) molecular weights by up to 56% due to ethanol-induced CT reaction. NMR analysis of P(3HB) polymers purified from the culture supplemented with (13)C-labeled ethanol showed the formation of a covalent bond between ethanol and P(3HB) chain at the carboxyl end. Cultivation without ethanol supplementation resulted in the reduction of P(3HB) molecular weight with increasing host-produced ethanol depending on culture aeration. On the other hand, production in recombinant BW25113(ΔadhE), an alcohol dehydrogenase deletion strain, resulted in a 77% increase in molecular weight. Analysis of five E. coli strains revealed that the estimated number of CT reactions was correlated with ethanol production. These results demonstrate that host-produced ethanol acts as an equally effective CT agent as exogenous ethanol, and the control of ethanol production is important to regulate the PHA molecular weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hiroe
- Department
of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Manami Hyakutake
- Department
of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Nicholas M. Thomson
- Biological and
Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Easan Sivaniah
- Biological and
Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- Department
of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wan T, Du T, Liao S. Biodegradable poly (butylene succinate-co-cyclohexanedimethylene succinate): Synthesis, crystallization, morphology, and rheology. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wan
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; TEDA Tianjin 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Du
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; TEDA Tianjin 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liao
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; TEDA Tianjin 300457 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu C, Chiu S, Nakas JP, Nomura CT. Bioplastics from waste glycerol derived from biodiesel industry. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
16
|
In vitro evidence of chain transfer to tetraethylene glycols in enzymatic polymerization of polyhydroxyalkanoate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:4821-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
17
|
Bonartsev A, Yakovlev S, Boskhomdzhiev A, Zharkova I, Bagrov D, Myshkina V, Mahina T, Kharitonova E, Samsonova O, Zernov A, Zhuikov V, Efremov Y, Voinova V, Bonartseva G, Shaitan K. The terpolymer produced by Azotobacter chroococcum 7B: effect of surface properties on cell attachment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57200. [PMID: 23468935 PMCID: PMC3582562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The copolymerization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a promising trend in bioengineering to improve biomedical properties, e.g. biocompatibility, of this biodegradable polymer. We used strain Azotobacter chroococcum 7B, an effective producer of PHB, for biosynthesis of not only homopolymer and its main copolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB-HV), but also novel terpolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PHB-HV-PEG), using sucrose as the primary carbon source and valeric acid and poly(ethylene glycol) 300 (PEG 300) as additional carbon sources. The chemical structure of PHB-HV-PEG was confirmed by (1)H nuclear-magnetic resonance analysis. The physico-chemical properties (molecular weight, crystallinity, hydrophilicity, surface energy) of produced biopolymer, the protein adsorption to the terpolymer, and cell growth on biopolymer films were studied. Despite of low EG-monomers content in bacterial-origin PHB-HV-PEG polymer, the terpolymer demonstrated significant improvement in biocompatibility in vitro in contrast to PHB and PHB-HV polymers, which may be coupled with increased protein adsorption, hydrophilicity and surface roughness of PEG-containing copolymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Novel block copolymers of atactic PHB with natural PHA for cardiovascular engineering: Synthesis and characterization. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Tomizawa S, Saito Y, Hyakutake M, Nakamura Y, Abe H, Tsuge T. Chain transfer reaction catalyzed by various polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases with poly(ethylene glycol) as an exogenous chain transfer agent. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:1427-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Liu Q, Zhu M, Chen Y. Synthesis and characterization of multi-block copolymers containing poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co
-(3-hydroxyvalerate)] and poly(ethylene glycol). POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
22
|
Townsend KJ, Busse K, Kressler J, Scholz C. Contact Angle, WAXS, and SAXS Analysis of Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) and Poly(ethylene glycol) Block Copolymers Obtained via Azotobacter vinelandii UWD. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:959-64. [PMID: 15932280 DOI: 10.1021/bp050044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated and correlated physical properties and cell interactions of copolymers obtained by a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modulated fermentation of Azotobacter vinelandii UWD. PEGs with molecular weights of 400 and 3400 Da and di(ethylene glycol) (DEG) were used to modulate the bacterial synthesis of poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). The PHB crystallinity was determined by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that lamellar distances decreased between the PHB and the PHB modulated with PEG or DEG. Furthermore, the contact angle of water on the PHB/PEG polymer surfaces decreased when compared to that of PHB. The significant decrease of the contact angle and corresponding increase in surface tension, as well as significant decrease in cell adhesion, suggest the presence of hydrophilic PEG and DEG within the hydrophobic surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry J Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Foster LJR. Biosynthesis, properties and potential of natural–synthetic hybrids of polyhydroxyalkanoates and polyethylene glycols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 75:1241-7. [PMID: 17457543 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemical conjugation with poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) are established procedures to facilitate solubilisation of hydrophobic compounds. Such techniques for PEGylation have been applied to polyhydroxybutyrate. 'BioPEGylation' of such polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) to form natural-synthetic hybrids has been demonstrated through the addition of PEGs to microbial cultivation systems. The strategic addition of certain PEGs not only supports hybrid synthesis but may also provide a technique for control of PHA composition and molecular mass, and by extension, their physico-mechanical properties. PHA composition and molecular mass control by PEGs is dependent upon the polyethers' molecular mass, loading in the cultivation system, time of introduction and microbial species. Hybrid characterisation studies are in their infancy, but results to date suggest that PHA-PEG hybrids have subtle, but significant, differences in their physiochemical and material properties as a consequence of the PEGylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L John R Foster
- Bio/polymers Research Group and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Isemori Y, Tajima K, Tanaka S, Yu F, Ishida K, Inoue Y. Effects of pH of Fermentation Medium on Biosynthesis of Poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-mercaptopropionate)] byWautersia eutropha. Macromol Biosci 2006; 6:818-26. [PMID: 17022093 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of P(3HB-co-3MP)s with different 3MP unit content was biosynthesized by the fermentation of W. eutropha in a medium containing sodium gluconate and DTDP as carbon sources at different pH conditions ranging from pH 6.0 to 8.0. The P(3HB-co-3MP) samples were fractioned using the solvent/nonsolvent mixed solvent chloroform/heptane and the comonomer unit composition was investigated. It was found that W. eutropha produces P(3HB-co-3MP)s with extremely different 3MP unit content ranging from 3.6 to 70.0 mol-%, depending on the pH value of the fermentation medium. The copolyester samples produced in mild basic medium have a considerably narrower compositional distribution than the samples from acidic medium. The highest polymer yield was obtained at pH 8.0.DSC diagram for P(3HB-co-3MP)s biosynthesized in different pH medium. [graph: see text] DSC diagram for P(3HB-co-3MP)s biosynthesized in different pH medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Isemori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-B-55, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao Q, Cheng G, Song C, Zeng Y, Tao J, Zhang L. Crystallization behavior and biodegradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
26
|
Saha SP, Patra A, Paul AK. Incorporation of polyethylene glycol in polyhydroxyalkanoic acids accumulated by Azotobacter chroococcum MAL-201. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:377-83. [PMID: 16550437 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Azotobacter chroococcum MAL-201 (MTCC 3853), a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium accumulates poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) [PHB, 69% of cell dry weight (CDW)] when grown on glucose and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [PHBV with 19.2 mol% 3HV] when grown on glucose and valerate. Use of ethylene glycol (EG) and/or polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of low molecular weight as sole carbon source were detrimental to A. chroococcum growth and polymer yields. PEG-200, however, in the presence of glucose was incorporated into the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymer. Addition of PEG-200 (150 mM) to culture medium during mid-log phase growth favored increased incorporation of EG units (12.48 mol%) into the PHB polymer. In two-step culture experiments, where valerate and PEG simultaneously were used in fresh medium, EG was incorporated most effectively in the absence of glucose, leading to the formation of a copolymer containing 18.05 mol% 3HV and 14.78 mol% EG. The physico-mechanical properties of PEG-containing copolymer (PHBV-PEG) were compared with those of the PHB homopolymer and the PHBV copolymer. The PHBV-PEG copolymer appeared to have less crystallinity and greater flexibility than the short-chain-length (SCL) PHA polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Pal Saha
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, 700019 Kolkata, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao Q, Cheng G, Li H, Ma X, Zhang L. Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymers. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Foster L, Sanguanchaipaiwong V, Gabelish C, Hook J, Stenzel M. A natural-synthetic hybrid copolymer of polyhydroxyoctanoate-diethylene glycol: biosynthesis and properties. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
29
|
Paik HJ, Kim YR, Orth RN, Ober CK, Coates GW, Batt CA. End-functionalization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)via genetic engineering for solid surface modification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:1956-8. [PMID: 15834470 DOI: 10.1039/b415809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to end-functionalization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)[PHB] is described. Using genetically engineered PHB synthase fused with a 10x-histidine units at its N-terminus, end-functionalized PHB was synthesized and used for the solid surface modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-jong Paik
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Cornell university, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang S, Cui W, Bei J. Bulk and surface modifications of polylactide. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:547-56. [PMID: 15672238 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2004] [Revised: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews various methods of modifying the bulk and surface properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) so that the polymer may be used as a drug carrier in a drug delivery system (DDS) and as a cell scaffold in tissue engineering. Copolymerization of lactide with other lactone-type monomers or monomers with functional groups such as malic acid, copolymerization of lactide with macromolecular monomer such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or dextran, as well as blending polylactide and natural derivatives and other methods of bulk modification are discussed. Surface modifications of PLA-type copolymers, such as surface coating, chemical modification, and plasma treatment are described. Cell culture technology proves the efficiency of bulk and surface modification and the potential application of PLA in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenguo Wang
- Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, PR, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sanguanchaipaiwong V, Gabelish CL, Hook J, Scholz C, Foster LJR. Biosynthesis of natural-synthetic hybrid copolymers: polyhydroxyoctanoate-diethylene glycol. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:643-9. [PMID: 15003032 DOI: 10.1021/bm0344708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new natural-synthetic hybrid biomaterial has been isolated from the growth of Pseudomonas oleovorans in the presence of diethylene glycol (DEG). DEG was consumed by P. oleovorans with 20 mM sodium octanoate in modified E* medium, but its presence in the fermentation medium retarded cell growth and viability, influencing production and composition of polyhydroxyalkanoates with medium chain length substituents (mclPHAs) and consequently attenuating PHA yield. DEG affected the composition of the mclPHA with an increase in the C8 component: polyhydroxyoctanoate (PHO). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to quantitatively monitor DEG in the system and reveal its cellular adsorption and penetration. Intracellularly, the DEG significantly reduced the molar mass of the mclPHA; PHO with a bimodal distribution of high and low molecular weight fractions was observed. 1H NMR, 2-D COSY, and heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectra confirmed that the high molecular weight fraction consisted of PHO chains terminated by DEG. Thus, the synthesis of this natural-synthetic hybrid copolymer, PHO-DEG, opens the way for microbial synthesis of a wide variety of PHA-DEG copolymers with a range of bioactive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vorapat Sanguanchaipaiwong
- Biopolymer Research Group, CAMD, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yan X, Liu G, Li Z. Preparation and Phase Segregation of Block Copolymer Nanotube Multiblocks. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:10059-66. [PMID: 15303882 DOI: 10.1021/ja0479890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Different nanotubes were prepared from two triblock copolymers. Chemistry was performed on the nanotubes so that one type contained amino terminal groups and the other bore carboxyl terminal groups. The amino and carboxyl groups were reacted by amidization to join the nanotubes head to tail to yield nanotube multiblocks. The block copolymer nanotube multiblocks (CONATUBLOCs) may be viewed as a macroscopic counterpart of block copolymers. Like block copolymers, the different blocks of the CONATUBLOCs segregated from one another not only in a block-selective solvent mixture but also in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jenzsch M, Volk N, Kressler J, Scholz C. Synthesis of microbial poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) modified with oligo(pentaerythritol ethoxylate) by Ralstonia eutropha. Biomacromolecules 2002; 2:1055-60. [PMID: 11710010 DOI: 10.1021/bm010088o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) modified with different amounts of pentaerythritol ethoxylate (PEE) has been synthesized using Ralstonia eutropha. The growth kinetics and the synthesis of PHB in the presence of PEE were modeled using appropriate differential equations for the mass balance of the two-stage process. The influence of PEE addition on the morphology of PHB was studied by various microscopic and scattering techniques. Light microscopic and wide-angle X-ray measurements indicated that the addition of PEE had a nucleating effect on the crystallization of PHB. The spherulite growth rate was widely independent of the PEE addition. The lamellae of PHB became more disordered when PEE was added as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, small-angle X-ray data indicated a decrease in the long period with increasing PEE content of the modified PHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jenzsch
- Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften, Institut für Bioengineering, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Recently, block copolymers have got tremendous impetus on the ongoing research in the area of drug delivery technology, due to their capability to provide a biomaterial having a broad range of amphiphilic characteristics, as well as targeting the drugs to specific site. This article is an attempt to review applications of block copolymers in surface modification, drug targeting, nano and microparticles, hydrogels, micelles etc. The physicochemical properties of block copolymers and various synthetic routes for block copolymers are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Kessler B, Weusthuis R, Witholt B, Eggink G. Production of microbial polyesters: fermentation and downstream processes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001; 71:159-82. [PMID: 11217411 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-40021-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) constitute a large and versatile family of polyesters produced by various bacteria. PHAs are receiving considerable attention because of their potential as renewable and biodegradable plastics, and as a source of chiral synthons since the monomers are chiral. Industrial PHA production processes have been developed for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (poly(3HB)) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate) (poly(3HB-co-3HV). More than 100 other poly(3HAMCL)s, characterized by monomers of medium chain length, have been identified in the past two decades. These monomers typically contain 6-14 carbon atoms, are usually linked via-3-hydroxy ester linkages, but can occasionally also exhibit 2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-hydroxy ester linkages. Such polyesters are collectively referred to as medium chain length PHAs poly(3HAMCL)s. The vast majority of these interesting biopolyesters have been studied and produced only on the laboratory scale. However, there have been several attempts to develop pilot scale processes, and these provide some insight into the production economics of poly(3HAMCL)s other than poly(3HB) and poly(3HB-co-3HV). These processes utilize diverse fermentation strategies to control the monomer composition of the polymer, enabling the tailoring of polymer material properties to some extent. The best studied of these is poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) (poly(3HO)), which contains about 90% 3-hydroxyoctanoate. This biopolyester has been produced on the pilot scale and is now being used in several experimental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kessler
- Institute of Biotechnology, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg HPT, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hiki S, Miyamoto M, Kimura Y. Synthesis and characterization of hydroxy-terminated [RS]-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and its utilization to block copolymerization with l -lactide to obtain a biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
38
|
Shah DT, Berger PA, Tran M, Asrar J, Madden LA, Anderson AJ. Synthesis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Ralstonia eutropha in the Presence of 13C-Labeled Ethylene Glycol. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000387q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Biological effects of poly(ethylene glycol) on the microbial poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates) produced by pseudomonads microorganisms. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-006-0108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
40
|
Shah DT, Tran M, Berger PA, Aggarwal P, Asrar J, Madden LA, Anderson AJ. Synthesis and Properties of Hydroxy-Terminated Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma991773e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Madden LA, Anderson AJ, Shah DT, Asrar J. Chain termination in polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis: involvement of exogenous hydroxy-compounds as chain transfer agents. Int J Biol Macromol 1999; 25:43-53. [PMID: 10416649 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-8130(99)00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a range of compounds which, when present during poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] accumulation by Ralstonia eutropha (reclassified from Alcaligenes eutrophus), can act as chain transfer agents in the chain termination step of polymerization. End-group analysis by 31P NMR of polymer derivatized with 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane revealed that all these compounds were covalently linked to P(3HB) at the carboxyl terminus. All chain transfer agents possessed one or more hydroxyl groups, and glycerol was selected for further investigation. The number-average molecular mass (Mn) of P(3HB) produced by R. eutropha from glycerol was substantially lower than for polymer produced from glucose, and we identified two new end-group structures. These were attributed to a glycerol molecule bound to the P(3HB) chain via the primary or secondary hydroxyl groups. When a primary hydroxyl group of glycerol is involved in chain transfer, the end-group structure is in both [R] and [S] configurations, implying that chain transfer to glycerol is a random transesterification and that PHA synthase does not catalyse chain transfer. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid is the most probable chain transfer agent in vivo, with propagation and termination reactions involving transfer of the P(3HB) chain to enzyme-bound and free 3-hydroxybutyrate, respectively. Only carboxyl end-groups were detected in P(3HB) extracted from exponentially growing bacteria. It is proposed that a compound other than 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA acts as a primer in the initiation of polymer synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Madden
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Hull, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (Mn = 200 g/mol) (PEG-200) to the fermentation media of Alcaligenes eutrophus and Alcaligenes latus at various stages of growth resulted in the synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with bimodal molecular weight distributions. The presence of 2% w/v-PEG-200 did not have deleterious effects on PHB volumetric yields and cell productivity. In general, the Mn values of the high (H) and low (L) fractions showed little variability as a function of the time at which PEG-200 was added to the cultures. By this approach, the H:L ratios (w/w) of the PHB synthesized by A. eutrophus and A. latus were varied from 9:91 to 76:24 and from 16:84 to 88:12, respectively. It is believed that the H fractions were formed prior to the addition of PEG-200 to the cultures. Also, once PEG-200 was made available to the cells, PEG-200 acted as a switch so that the reduced molecular weight fraction was formed. In addition, a necessary requirement for the above is that the frequency of transesterification reactions during polymer synthesis was small. The efficiency that PEG-200 reduced the molecular weight of the PHBs formed by both bacteria appears similar. Indirect evidence suggests that the PHB L fractions formed by A. latus subsequent to PEG-200 addition consist primarily of chains that have PEG terminal groups. This terminal chain structure was not observed for PHB formed by A. eutrophus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Ashby
- University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Department of Chemistry, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sudesh K, Fukui T, Doi Y. Genetic analysis of Comamonas acidovorans polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase and factors affecting the incorporation of 4-hydroxybutyrate monomer. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:3437-43. [PMID: 9726894 PMCID: PMC106744 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.9.3437-3443.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene of Comamonas acidovorans DS-17 (phaCCa) was cloned by using the synthase gene of Alcaligenes eutrophus as a heterologous hybridization probe. Complete sequencing of a 4.0-kbp SmaI-HindIII (SH40) subfragment revealed the presence of a 1,893-bp PHA synthase coding region which was followed by a 1,182-bp beta-ketothiolase gene (phaACa). Both the translated products of these genes showed significant identity, 51.1 and 74.2%, respectively, to the primary structures of the products of the corresponding genes in A. eutrophus. The arrangement of PHA biosynthesis genes in C. acidovorans was also similar to that in A. eutrophus except that the third gene, phaB, coding for acetoacetyl-coenzyme A reductase, was not found in the region downstream of phaACa. The cloned fragment complemented a PHA-negative mutant of A. eutrophus, PHB-4, resulting in poly-3-hydroxybutyrate accumulation of up to 73% of the dry cell weight when fructose was the carbon source. The heterologous expression enabled the incorporation of 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate monomers. The PHA synthase of C. acidovorans does not appear to show any preference for 4-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A as a substrate. This leads to the suggestion that in C. acidovorans, it is the metabolic pathway, and not the specificity of the organism's PHA synthase, that drives the incorporation of 4HB monomers, resulting in the efficient accumulation of PHA with a high 4HB content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sudesh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Saitama University, Urawa, Saitama 338-0825, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ashby RD, Shi F, Gross RA. Use of poly(ethylene glycol) to control the end group structure and molecular weight of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) formed by Alcaligenes latus DSM 1122. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
45
|
Shi F, Ashby RD, Gross RA. Fractionation and Characterization of Microbial Polyesters Containing 3-Hydroxybutyrate and 4-Hydroxybutyrate Repeat Units. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9617375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
| | - Richard D. Ashby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
| | - Richard A. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alvarez HM, Kalscheuer R, Steinbüchel A. Accumulation of storage lipids in species ofRhodococcus andNocardia and effect of inhibitors and polyethylene glycol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19970990704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Shi F, Ashby R, Gross RA. Use of Poly(ethylene glycol)s To Regulate Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Molecular Weight duringAlcaligenes eutrophusCultivations. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma960805k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|