1
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Zhao M, Liu Y, Yin C. Gold nanorod-chitosan based nanocomposites for photothermal and chemoembolization therapy of breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129197. [PMID: 38184048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (AuNR) have received significant attention in tumor thermo-chemotherapy. However, insufficient thermal availability limits the in vivo highly efficient applications of AuNR in photothermal therapy. In this study, we have fabricated N-isopropylacrylamide grafted O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (NCMC NPs) with thermo-responsive properties for co-encapsulating AuNR and doxorubicin (DOX), forming AuNR@NCMC/DOX nanocomposites (NCs). As a result of the thermo- and photothermal-responsiveness, AuNR@NCMC/DOX NCs exhibited irreversible aggregation at high temperature and under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation with an increase of size to 3 μm. When AuNR@NCMC/DOX NCs reached tumor sites following intravenous administration, they were located in the tumor vessels under NIR irradiation due to an embolization effect. This response enhanced tumor targeting, on-demand release, and the thermal performance of AuNR@NCMC/DOX NCs. We have observed higher tumor accumulation of DOX and AuNR with subsequent stronger inhibition of tumor growth than that achieved without NIR irradiation. The development of AuNR-based NCs with multiple smart responsivenesses at tumors can provide a promising paradigm for solid tumor treatment via the cooperative effects of photothermal therapy and chemoembolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yifu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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2
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Hiruta Y. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based temperature- and pH-responsive polymer materials for application in biomedical fields. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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3
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Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanosystems for Controlled Drug Delivery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible nanosystems based on polymeric materials are promising drug delivery nanocarrier candidates for antitumor therapy. However, the efficacy is unsatisfying due to nonspecific accumulation and drug release of the nanoparticles in normal tissue. Recently, the nanosystems that can be triggered by tumor-specific stimuli have drawn great interest for drug delivery applications due to their controllable drug release properties. In this review, various polymers and external stimuli that can be employed to develop stimuli-responsive polymeric nanosystems are discussed, and finally, we delineate the challenges in designing this kind of Nanomedicine to improve the therapeutic efficacy.
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4
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Advances in amphiphilic polylactide/vinyl polymer based nano-assemblies for drug delivery. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102483. [PMID: 34274723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Micelles from self-assembled amphiphilic copolymers are highly attractive in drug delivery, due to their small size and hydrophilic stealth corona allowing prolonged lifetimes in the bloodstream and thus improved drug bioavailability. Polylactide (PLA)-based amphiphilic copolymer micelles are key candidates in this field, owing to the well-established biodegradability and biocompatibility of PLA. While PLA-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block copolymer micelles can be seen as the "gold standard" in drug delivery research so far, the progresses in controlled radical polymerizations (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Transfer and Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization) have offered new opportunities in the design of advanced amphiphilic copolymers for drug delivery due to their flexibility in many regards: (i) they can be easily combined with ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide, with a diversity in types of architectures (e.g., block, graft, star), (ii) they allow (co)polymerization of a wide range of vinyl monomers, possibly circumventing PEG limitations, (iii) functionalization (with biomolecules or stimuli-cleavable moieties) is versatile due to end-group fidelity and copolymerization ability with reactive/functional comonomers. In this review, we report on the advances in the past decade of such amphiphilic PLA/vinyl polymer based nano-carriers, regarding key properties such as stealth character, cell targeting and stimuli-responsiveness.
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Amin M, Huang W, Seynhaeve ALB, ten Hagen TLM. Hyperthermia and Temperature-Sensitive Nanomaterials for Spatiotemporal Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1007. [PMID: 33105816 PMCID: PMC7690578 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has great capability in formulation, reduction of side effects, and enhancing pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics by designing stable or long circulating nano-carriers. However, effective drug delivery at the cellular level by means of such carriers is still unsatisfactory. One promising approach is using spatiotemporal drug release by means of nanoparticles with the capacity for content release triggered by internal or external stimuli. Among different stimuli, interests for application of external heat, hyperthermia, is growing. Advanced technology, ease of application and most importantly high level of control over applied heat, and as a result triggered release, and the adjuvant effect of hyperthermia in enhancing therapeutic response of chemotherapeutics, i.e., thermochemotherapy, make hyperthermia a great stimulus for triggered drug release. Therefore, a variety of temperature sensitive nano-carriers, lipid or/and polymeric based, have been fabricated and studied. Importantly, in order to achieve an efficient therapeutic outcome, and taking the advantages of thermochemotherapy into consideration, release characteristics from nano-carriers should fit with applicable clinical thermal setting. Here we introduce and discuss the application of the three most studied temperature sensitive nanoparticles with emphasis on release behavior and its importance regarding applicability and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Amin
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (W.H.); (A.L.B.S.)
- Nanomedicine Innovation Center Erasmus (NICE), Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenqiu Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (W.H.); (A.L.B.S.)
| | - Ann L. B. Seynhaeve
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (W.H.); (A.L.B.S.)
| | - Timo L. M. ten Hagen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (W.H.); (A.L.B.S.)
- Nanomedicine Innovation Center Erasmus (NICE), Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Wu L, Sancaktar E. Effect of PET support membrane thickness on water permeation behavior of thermally responsive PNIPAM-g-PET membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Luo GF, Chen WH, Zhang XZ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Thermally Responsive Micelles. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:872-881. [PMID: 35648534 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-based thermally responsive micelles are of great importance as smart materials for a number of applications such as drug delivery and biosensing, owing to their tunable lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Their design and synthesis in the nanoscale size range have been widely studied, and research interest in their structural and physic-chemical properties is continually growing. In this Viewpoint, representative research on the construction of PNIPAAm-based thermally responsive micelles as well as their applications are highlighted and discussed, which would serve as a good start for newcomers in this field and a positive guide for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Feng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Lin HP, Akimoto J, Li YK, Ito Y. Selective Control of Cell Activity with Hydrophilic Polymer-Covered Cationic Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000049. [PMID: 32253822 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers exhibit high cytotoxicity via strong interaction with cell membranes. To reduce cell membrane damage, a hydrophilic polymer is introduced to the cationic nanoparticle surface. The hydrophilic polymer coating of cationic nanoparticles resulted in a nearly neutral nanoparticle. These particles are applied to mouse fibroblast (3T3) and human cervical adenocarcinoma (Hela) cells. Interestingly, nanoparticles with a long cationic segment decrease cell activity regardless of cell type, while those with a short segment only affect 3T3 cell activity at lower concentrations less than 500 µg mL-1 . Most nanoparticles are located inside 3T3 cells but on the cell membrane of Hela cells. The short cationic nanoparticle shows negligible cell membrane damage despite its high accumulation on Hela cell membranes. Cell activity changed by hydrophilic polymer-coated cationic nanoparticles is caused by incorporated nanoparticle accumulation in the cells, not cell membrane damage. To suppress the cytotoxicity from the cationic polymer, cationic nanoparticle needs to completely cover with hydrophilic polymer so as not to exhibit the cationic effect and applies to cell with low concentrations to reduce the nonselective cytotoxicity from the cationic polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Pen Lin
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Jun Akimoto
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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10
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Saha B, Ruidas B, Mete S, Mukhopadhyay CD, Bauri K, De P. AIE-active non-conjugated poly( N-vinylcaprolactam) as a fluorescent thermometer for intracellular temperature imaging. Chem Sci 2020; 11:141-147. [PMID: 32110365 PMCID: PMC7012023 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since temperature is one of the most significant physiological parameters that dictate the cellular status of living organisms, accurate intracellular temperature measurement is crucial and a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Herein, we introduce the foremost example of a non-conjugated polymer as a next generation fluorescent thermometer which is capable of addressing the key shortcomings including toxicity and thermal-induced fluorescence quenching associated with π-π conjugated system-based thermometers developed so far. We revealed, for the first time, the unique photophysical and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics of well-known thermoresponsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) devoid of any classical fluorophore entity. PNVCL underwent a coil to globular conformational transition in an aqueous medium and appeared to be fluorescent above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) near body temperature (38 °C). Eventually, this intriguing aspect enabled higher cellular uptake of PNVCL at the LCST boundary. By virtue of the AIE effect, the thermo-induced aggregation phenomenon has been ingeniously utilized to apply PNVCL as a novel fluorescent thermometer for intracellular temperature determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Saha
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials , Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Nadia , Mohanpur - 741246 , West Bengal , India .
| | - Bhuban Ruidas
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden , Howrah , West Bengal 711103 , India .
| | - Sourav Mete
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials , Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Nadia , Mohanpur - 741246 , West Bengal , India .
| | - Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden , Howrah , West Bengal 711103 , India .
| | - Kamal Bauri
- Department of Chemistry , Raghunathpur College , Purulia - 723133 , West Bengal , India .
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials , Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Nadia , Mohanpur - 741246 , West Bengal , India .
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11
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Akimoto J, Tamate R, Okazawa S, Akimoto AM, Onoda M, Yoshida R, Ito Y. Reactivity Control of Polymer Functional Groups by Altering the Structure of Thermoresponsive Triblock Copolymers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16344-16351. [PMID: 31616812 PMCID: PMC6787895 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A thermoresponsive ABA triblock copolymer bearing an aldehyde group on the thermoresponsive A segments was synthesized. The polymer formed a micellar assembly due to the hydrophobic interactions of the thermoresponsive segment above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In contrast, the ABA polymer assembly decomposed upon lowering the temperature below the LCST. Using this structural change, the reactivity of the aldehyde group toward primary amines of albumin and poly(allylamine) was investigated. When the ABA polymer assembly and reactant were mixed above the LCST, Schiff base formation was suppressed because of the aldehyde group being protected by the hydrophobic thermoresponsive core. In contrast, Schiff base formation between the ABA triblock copolymer and the primary amine moiety on the molecules was confirmed below the LCST. The reactivity of the aldehyde functional group can therefore be controlled by altering the structure of the thermoresponsive ABA polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Akimoto
- Emergent
Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nano
Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Center
for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryota Tamate
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Schools of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Center
for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Shingo Okazawa
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Schools of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Aya M. Akimoto
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Schools of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Michika Onoda
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Schools of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Schools of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent
Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nano
Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Center
for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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12
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Nagase K, Hasegawa M, Ayano E, Maitani Y, Kanazawa H. Effect of Polymer Phase Transition Behavior on Temperature-Responsive Polymer-Modified Liposomes for siRNA Transfection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E430. [PMID: 30669495 PMCID: PMC6358841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been attracting significant attention owing to their gene silencing properties, which can be utilized to treat intractable diseases. In this study, two temperature-responsive liposomal siRNA carriers were prepared by modifying liposomes with different polymers-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide) (P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm)) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm). The phase transition of P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm) was sharper than that of P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm), which is attributed to the lower co-monomer content. The temperature dependent fixed aqueous layer thickness (FALT) of the prepared liposomes indicated that modifying liposomes with P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm) led to a significant change in the thickness of the fixed aqueous monolayer between 37 °C and 42 °C; while P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) modification led to FALT changes over a broader temperature range. The temperature-responsive liposomes exhibited cellular uptake at 42 °C, but were not taken up by cells at 37 °C. This is likely because the thermoresponsive hydrophilic/hydrophobic changes at the liposome surface induced temperature-responsive cellular uptake. Additionally, siRNA transfection of cells for the prevention of luciferase and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was modulated by external temperature changes. P(NIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm) modified liposomes in particular exhibited effective siRNA transfection properties with low cytotoxicity compared with P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) modified analogues. These results indicated that the prepared temperature-responsive liposomes could be used as effective siRNA carriers whose transfection properties can be modulated by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Momoko Hasegawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Eri Ayano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Maitani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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13
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Le PN, Huynh CK, Tran NQ. Advances in thermosensitive polymer-grafted platforms for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:1016-1030. [PMID: 30184725 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies on "smart" polymeric material performing environmental stimuli such as temperature, pH, magnetic field, enzyme and photo-sensation have recently paid much attention to practical applications. Among of them, thermo-responsive grafted copolymers, amphiphilic steroids as well as polyester molecules have been utilized in the fabrication of several multifunctional platforms. Indeed, they performed a strikingly functional improvement comparing to some original materials and exhibited a holistic approach for biomedical applications. In case of drug delivery systems (DDS), there has been some successful proof of thermal-responsive grafted platforms on clinical trials such as ThermoDox®, BIND-014, Cynviloq IG-001, Genexol-PM, etc. This review would detail the recent progress and highlights of some temperature-responsive polymer-grafted nanomaterials or hydrogels in the 'smart' DDS that covered from synthetic polymers to nature-driven biomaterials and novel generations of some amphiphilic functional platforms. These approaches could produce several types of smart biomaterials for human health care in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung Ngan Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City 550000, Viet Nam; Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1A TL29, District 12, Hochiminh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Chan Khon Huynh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, International University, National Universities in HCMC, HCMC 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Quyen Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City 550000, Viet Nam; Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1A TL29, District 12, Hochiminh City 700000, Viet Nam; Graduate School of Science and Technology Viet Nam, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1A TL29, District 12, Hochiminh City 700000, Viet Nam.
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14
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Emamzadeh M, Desmaële D, Couvreur P, Pasparakis G. Dual controlled delivery of squalenoyl-gemcitabine and paclitaxel using thermo-responsive polymeric micelles for pancreatic cancer. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2230-2239. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02899g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A thermoresponsive block copolymer has been developed with the capability to co-carry two drug molecules and to augment their cytotoxic properties via direct cell membrane interaction with cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Didier Desmaële
- Institut Galien
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay
- Faculté de Pharmacie
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay
- Faculté de Pharmacie
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15
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Su Y, Huang N, Chen D, Zhang L, Dong X, Sun Y, Zhu X, Zhang F, Gao J, Wang Y, Fan K, Lo P, Li W, Ling C. Successful in vivo hyperthermal therapy toward breast cancer by Chinese medicine shikonin-loaded thermosensitive micelle. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4019-4035. [PMID: 28603416 PMCID: PMC5457155 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s132639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese traditional medicine Shikonin is an ideal drug due to its multiple targets to tumor cells. But in clinics, improving its aqueous solubility and tumor accumulation is still a challenge. Herein, a copolymer with tunable poly(N-isopropylacrymaide) and polylactic acid block lengths is designed, synthesized, and characterized in nuclear magnetic resonance. The corresponding thermosensitive nanomicelle (TN) with well-defined core-shell structure is then assembled in an aqueous solution. For promoting the therapeutic index, the physical-chemistry properties of TNs including narrow size, low critical micellar concentration, high serum stability, tunable volume phase transition temperature (VPTT), high drug-loading capacity, and temperature-controlled drug release are systematically investigated and regulated through the fine self-assembly. The shikonin is then entrapped in a degradable inner core resulting in a shikonin-loaded thermosensitive nanomicelle (STN) with a VPTT of ~40°C. Compared with small-molecular shikonin, the in vitro cellular internalization and cytotoxicity of STN against breast cancer cells (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) are obviously enhanced. In addition, the therapeutic effect is further enhanced by the programmed cell death (PCD) specifically evoked by shikonin. Interestingly, both the proliferation inhibition and PCD are synergistically promoted as T > VPTT, namely the temperature-regulated passive targeting. Consequently, as intravenous injection is administered to the BALB/c nude mice bearing breast cancer, the intratumor accumulation of STNs is significantly increased as T > VPTT, which is regulated by the in-house developed heating device. The in vivo antitumor assays against breast cancer further confirm the synergistically enhanced therapeutic efficiency. The findings of this study indicate that STN is a potential effective nanoformulation in clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Su
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Nian Huang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Di Chen
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Li Zhang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Xia Dong
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Yun Sun
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Xiandi Zhu
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Fulei Zhang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Jie Gao
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Ying Wang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Kexing Fan
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Puichi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Li
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Changquan Ling
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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16
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Nanomedicines for advanced cancer treatments: Transitioning towards responsive systems. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:132-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Karimi M, Zangabad PS, Ghasemi A, Amiri M, Bahrami M, Malekzad H, Asl HG, Mahdieh Z, Bozorgomid M, Ghasemi A, Boyuk MRRT, Hamblin MR. Temperature-Responsive Smart Nanocarriers for Delivery Of Therapeutic Agents: Applications and Recent Advances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21107-33. [PMID: 27349465 PMCID: PMC5003094 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Smart drug delivery systems (DDSs) have attracted the attention of many scientists, as carriers that can be stimulated by changes in environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, light, electromagnetic fields, mechanical forces, etc. These smart nanocarriers can release their cargo on demand when their target is reached and the stimulus is applied. Using the techniques of nanotechnology, these nanocarriers can be tailored to be target-specific, and exhibit delayed or controlled release of drugs. Temperature-responsive nanocarriers are one of most important groups of smart nanoparticles (NPs) that have been investigated during the past decades. Temperature can either act as an external stimulus when heat is applied from the outside, or can be internal when pathological lesions have a naturally elevated termperature. A low critical solution temperature (LCST) is a special feature of some polymeric materials, and most of the temperature-responsive nanocarriers have been designed based on this feature. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent efforts to prepare innovative temperature-responsive nanocarriers and discuss their novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Science (TUOMS), Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amiri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Malekzad
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghahramanzadeh Asl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahdieh
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Material Science and Engineering, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Mahnaz Bozorgomid
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Central Branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Ma X, Gong N, Zhong L, Sun J, Liang XJ. Future of nanotherapeutics: Targeting the cellular sub-organelles. Biomaterials 2016; 97:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guo Z, Li S, Wang C, Xu J, Kirk B, Wu J, Liu Z, Xue W. Biocompatibility and cellular uptake mechanisms of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in different cells. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911516648969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensitive poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) is widely used in various biomedical applications including drug delivery systems, gene delivery systems, switching devices, sensors, and diagnostic assays. To promote these clinical applications, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the biosafety of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) and the interaction of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) with different cell lines, which has little research until now. In this work, we evaluated the biocompatibility of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) including cell viability, nitric oxide production, and apoptosis of macrophages RAW264.7, human bronchial epithelial cells, A549, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in the presence of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide). We have also examined the cellular uptake mechanisms of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) using endocytic inhibitors and insighted into the intracellular co-localization of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) using confocal laser scanning microscope. The results showed that poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) had good biocompatibility and could be internalized by these cells. It is macropinocytosis that poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) could be internalized in RAW264.7 cells and caveolae-mediated endocytosis in human bronchial epithelial cells, A549, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, we also evidenced that intracellular poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) was co-localized with lysosome. The study provided important information for the development and clinical applications of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brett Kirk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Zonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Snapshot of phase transition in thermoresponsive hydrogel PNIPAM: Role in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Rancan F, Asadian-Birjand M, Dogan S, Graf C, Cuellar L, Lommatzsch S, Blume-Peytavi U, Calderón M, Vogt A. Effects of thermoresponsivity and softness on skin penetration and cellular uptake of polyglycerol-based nanogels. J Control Release 2016; 228:159-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Biswas S, Kumari P, Lakhani PM, Ghosh B. Recent advances in polymeric micelles for anti-cancer drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 83:184-202. [PMID: 26747018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Block co-polymeric micelles receive increased attention due to their ability to load therapeutics, deliver the cargo to the site of action, improve the pharmacokinetic of the loaded drug and reduce off-target cytotoxicity. While polymeric micelles can be developed with improved drug loading capabilities by modulating hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the micelle forming block co-polymers, they can also be successfully cancer targeted by surface modifying with tumor-homing ligands. However, maintenance of the integrity of the self-assembled system in the circulation and disassembly for drug release at the site of drug action remain a challenge. Therefore, stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles for on demand drug delivery with minimal off-target effect has been developed and extensively investigated to assess their sensitivity. This review focuses on discussing various polymeric micelles currently utilized for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. Designs of various stimuli-sensitive micelles that are able to control drug release in response to specific stimuli, either endogenous or exogenous have been delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Biswas
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Preeti Kumari
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Prit Manish Lakhani
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
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23
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Lee RS, Lin CH, Aljuffali IA, Hu KY, Fang JY. Passive targeting of thermosensitive diblock copolymer micelles to the lungs: synthesis and characterization of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone). J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:42. [PMID: 26084491 PMCID: PMC4472254 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphiphilic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PNiPAAm-b-PCL) copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization to form thermosensitive micelles as nanocarriers for bioimaging and carboplatin delivery. RESULTS The critical micelle concentration increased from 1.8 to 3.5 mg/l following the decrease of the PNiPAAm chain length. The copolymers revealed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) between 33 and 40°C. The copolymers self-assembled to form spherical particles of 146-199 nm in diameter. Carboplatin in micelles exhibited a slower release at 37°C relative to that at 25°C due to the gel layer formation on the micellar shell above the LCST. The micelles containing dye or carboplatin were intravenously injected into the rats for in vivo bioimaging and drug biodistribution. The bioimaging profiles showed a significant accumulation of micelles in the lungs. The micelles could minimize the reticuloendothelial system (RES) recognition of the dye. In vivo biodistribution demonstrated an improved pulmonary accumulation of carboplatin from 2.5 to 3.4 μg/mg by the micelles as compared to the control solution. Carboplatin accumulation in the heart and kidneys was reduced after encapsulation by the micelles. CONCLUSION This study supports the potential of PNiPAAm-b-PCL micelles to passively target the lungs and attenuate RES uptake and possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Shen Lee
- The Center of General Education, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kai-Yin Hu
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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24
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Cao P, Sun X, Liang Y, Gao X, Li X, Li W, Song Z, Li W, Liang G. Gene delivery by a cationic and thermosensitive nanogel promoted established tumor growth inhibition. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1585-97. [PMID: 25706247 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In vivo stability and consequent high tumor accumulation is highly desired for nonviral gene therapy. Materials & methods: Here, a well-defined cationic nanogel system (NPS) was facilely prepared for gastric tumor therapy. Results: The physical chemical properties of NPS were finely regulated and investigated. In vitro transfer efficiency of NPS was obviously promoted due to stable polyplex structure, small size, narrow size distribution and weak surface potential. Interestingly, the transfection was further enhanced by its passive targeting function. Intratumor accumulation was significantly promoted post intravenous administrated to Balb/c nude mice. Thus, the established gastric tumor (N87) growth was significantly inhibited by p53 as delivered by NPS. Conclusion: Such noncytotoxic cationic thermosensitive NPS can be effective for practicable gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy & Texture of Materials, Northeastern University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated to Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhenquan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, PR China
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25
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Gandhi A, Paul A, Sen SO, Sen KK. Studies on thermoresponsive polymers: Phase behaviour, drug delivery and biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Nakayama M, Akimoto J, Okano T. Polymeric micelles with stimuli-triggering systems for advanced cancer drug targeting. J Drug Target 2015; 22:584-99. [PMID: 25012066 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.936872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1990s, nanoscale drug carriers have played a pivotal role in cancer chemotherapy, acting through passive drug delivery mechanisms and subsequent pharmaceutical action at tumor tissues with reduction of adverse effects. Polymeric micelles, as supramolecular assemblies of amphiphilic polymers, have been considerably developed as promising drug carrier candidates, and a number of clinical studies of anticancer drug-loaded polymeric micelle carriers for cancer chemotherapy applications are now in progress. However, these systems still face several issues; at present, the simultaneous control of target-selective delivery and release of incorporated drugs remains difficult. To resolve these points, the introduction of stimuli-responsive mechanisms to drug carrier systems is believed to be a promising approach to provide better solutions for future tumor drug targeting strategies. As possible trigger signals, biological acidic pH, light, heating/cooling and ultrasound actively play significant roles in signal-triggering drug release and carrier interaction with target cells. This review article summarizes several molecular designs for stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles in response to variation of pH, light and temperature and discusses their potentials as next-generation tumor drug targeting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nakayama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns) , Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan
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27
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Congdon T, Wilmet C, Williams R, Polt J, Lilliman M, Gibson MI. Diversely functionalised carbohydrate-centered oligomers and polymers. Thermoresponsivity, lectin binding and degradability. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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28
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Phillips DJ, Gibson MI. Towards being genuinely smart: ‘isothermally-responsive’ polymers as versatile, programmable scaffolds for biologically-adaptable materials. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive polymers are of broad interest in a range of biomedical and biotechnological fields. This review summaries the use of ‘isothermal’ transitions where thermo-responsive polymers are re-programmed to respond to other stimuli, but with the same outputs, with the aim of making them ‘smarter’.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Warwick Medical School
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29
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Bergueiro J, Calderón M. Thermoresponsive nanodevices in biomedical applications. Macromol Biosci 2014; 15:183-99. [PMID: 25324003 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last couple of decades several drug carriers have been tailored on the nanometric scale by taking advantage of new stimuli responsive materials. Thermoresponsive polymers in particular have been extensively employed as stimuli-responsive building blocks that in combination with other environmental-responsive materials allowed the birth of smarter systems that can respond to more than one stimulus. Examples that highlight the different polymers for thermally triggered drug delivery will be described. A special emphasis will be given to the description of novel theranostic nanodevices that combine more than one responsive modality in order to create a local hyperthermia that leads to the polymer phase transition and triggered drug release, cell recognition, and/or appearance of an imaging signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Bergueiro
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Akimoto J, Nakayama M, Okano T. Temperature-responsive polymeric micelles for optimizing drug targeting to solid tumors. J Control Release 2014; 193:2-8. [PMID: 25037017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeting to solid tumors is the most challenging issue in the drug delivery field. To obtain the ideal pharmacodynamics of administrated drugs, drug carriers must suppress drug release and interactions with non-target tissues while circulating in the bloodstream, yet actively release the incorporated drug and interact with target cells after delivery to the tumor tissue. To handle this situation, stimuli-responsive drug carriers are extremely useful, because carriers change their physicochemical properties to control the drug release rate and interaction with cells in response to the surrounding environmental conditions or applied physical signals. The current review focuses on the strategy and availability of temperature-responsive (TR) polymeric micelles as a next-generation drug carrier. In particular, we discuss the unique properties of TR polymeric micelles, such as temperature-triggered drug release and intracellular uptake system. In addition, we explore the methodology for integrating other targeting systems into TR micelles to pursue the ideal pharmacodynamics in conjunction with thermal therapy as a future prospective of the TR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Akimoto
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nakayama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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31
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Hu Y, Darcos V, Monge S, Li S, Zhou Y, Su F. Tunable thermo-responsive P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)-b-PLLA-b-P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) triblock copolymer micelles as drug carriers. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2738-2748. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)-b-PLLA-b-P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) triblock copolymers are synthesized via combination of ring-opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Hu
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR CNRS 5247 – Equipe Biopolymères Artificiels
- Université Montpellier I
- 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Darcos
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR CNRS 5247 – Equipe Biopolymères Artificiels
- Université Montpellier I
- 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Monge
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1 – Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires
- Université Montpellier II
- Montpellier, France
| | - Suming Li
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR CNRS 5247 – Equipe Biopolymères Artificiels
- Université Montpellier I
- 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Su
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao, China
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32
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Yang XL, Luo YL, Xu F, Chen YS. Thermosensitive mPEG-b-PA-g-PNIPAM comb block copolymer micelles: effect of hydrophilic chain length and camptothecin release behavior. Pharm Res 2013; 31:291-304. [PMID: 23982333 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Block copolymer micelles are extensively used as drug controlled release carriers, showing promising application prospects. The comb or brush copolymers are especially of great interest, whose densely-grafted side chains may be important for tuning the physicochemical properties and conformation in selective solvents, even in vitro drug release. The purpose of this work was to synthesize novel block copolymer combs via atom transfer radical polymerization, to evaluate its physicochemical features in solution, to improve drug release behavior and to enhance the bioavailablity, and to decrease cytotoxicity. METHODS The physicochemical properties of the copolymer micelles were examined by modulating the composition and the molecular weights of the building blocks. A dialysis method was used to load hydrophobic camptothecin (CPT), and the CPT release and stability were detected by UV-vis spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography, and the cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assays. RESULTS The copolymers could self-assemble into well-defined spherical core-shell micelle aggregates in aqueous solution, and showed thermo-induced micellization behavior, and the critical micelle concentration was 2.96-27.64 mg L(-1). The micelles were narrow-size-distribution, with hydrodynamic diameters about 128-193 nm, depending on the chain length of methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) blocks and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) graft chains or/and compositional ratios of mPEG to PNIPAM. The copolymer micelles could stably and effectively load CPT but avoid toxicity and side-effects, and exhibited thermo-dependent controlled and targeted drug release behavior. CONCLUSIONS The copolymer micelles were safe, stable and effective, and could potentially be employed as CPT controlled release carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
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McDaniel JR, Dewhirst MW, Chilkoti A. Actively targeting solid tumours with thermoresponsive drug delivery systems that respond to mild hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:501-10. [PMID: 23924317 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.819999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse range of drug delivery vehicles have been developed to specifically target chemotherapeutics to solid tumours while avoiding systemic dose-limiting toxicity. Many of these active targeting strategies display limited efficacy because they rely on subtle differences in expression patterns between pathogenic tissue and healthy tissue. In contrast, drug delivery systems that exploit thermoresponsive behaviour allow a clinician to spatially and temporally control the accumulation and/or release of the toxic agents within tumour tissue by simply applying mild hyperthermia (defined as 39-43 °C) to the desired site. Although thermally sensitive materials comprise a significant portion of the literature on novel drug delivery systems, only a few systems have been methodically tuned to respond within this narrowly defined physiological temperature range in an in vivo environment. This review discusses the materials and strategies developed to control the primary tumour through the combined application of hyperthermia and chemotherapy.
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34
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Hu Y, Darcos V, Monge S, Li S. Synthesis and self-assembling of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-block-poly(L
-lactide)-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) triblock copolymers prepared by combination of ring-opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Hu
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron; UMR CNRS 5247-Equipe Biopolymères Artificiels; Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Montpellier I; 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Vincent Darcos
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron; UMR CNRS 5247-Equipe Biopolymères Artificiels; Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Montpellier I; 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Sophie Monge
- Institut Charles Gerhardt; UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1-Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires; Université Montpellier II; cc1702, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Suming Li
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron; UMR CNRS 5247-Equipe Biopolymères Artificiels; Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Montpellier I; 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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35
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Gibson MI, O'Reilly RK. To aggregate, or not to aggregate? considerations in the design and application of polymeric thermally-responsive nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7204-13. [PMID: 23571466 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight some of the challenges in designing thermally responsive nanoparticles, where the responsivity is endowed by a responsive polymeric corona. A review of the literature reveals many contradictory observations upon heating these particles through their transition temperature. Indeed, both an increase in size due to aggregation and particle shrinkage have been reported for apparently similar materials. Furthermore, careful review of the literature shows that responsive nanoparticles do not have the same transition temperature or properties as their constituent polymers. These observations raise serious questions as to how to achieve the rational design of a responsive particle with a predictable and reproducible response. Here we highlight specific cases where conflicting results have been observed for spherical particles and put these results into the context of flat-surface grafted polymer brushes to explain the behaviour in terms of grafting density, curvature, chain end effects and the role of the underlying substrate. A better understanding of these observations should lead to the improved design of nanoparticles with real function and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UKCV4 7AL.
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36
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Li X, Haba Y, Ochi K, Yuba E, Harada A, Kono K. PAMAM Dendrimers with an Oxyethylene Unit-Enriched Surface as Biocompatible Temperature-Sensitive Dendrimers. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:282-90. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300190v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Haba
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kanako Ochi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Eiji Yuba
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Harada
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Kono
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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37
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Li W, Feng S, Guo Y. Tailoring polymeric micelles to optimize delivery to solid tumors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 7:1235-52. [PMID: 22931449 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Block copolymer micelles have shown great potential in drug delivery systems, not only for overcoming the drawbacks of small agents such as water insolubility and wide distribution in normal tissues, but also for avoiding traditional nanoparticle formulation shortcomings, including in vivo instability and fast clearance from the blood. However, for translating micellar formulations to clinical practice, it is essential to overcome the many in vivo obstacles. Surmounting these barriers strongly depends on micellar physicochemical properties, which can be further optimized by the unique physiological aspects of solid tumors such as low pH, high temperature and the presence of abnormal vessels. Herein, based on the Flory parameter and scaling theory, the fundamental mechanisms and correlations in vitro/in vivo between self assembly, drug loading and release, stability, intracellular delivery and in vivo distribution, as well as micellar composition, size and microstructural tailoring are systematically revisited. The methods for enhancing micellar performance in solid tumors were consequently proposed through well-defined core-corona structure tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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38
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Li J, Zhang W, Hu Z, Jiang XJ, Ngai T, Lo PC, Zhang W, Chen G. Novel phthalocyanine and PEG-methacrylates based temperature-responsive polymers for targeted photodynamic therapy. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20668d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Kim Y, Pourgholami MH, Morris DL, Lu H, Stenzel MH. Effect of shell-crosslinking of micelles on endocytosis and exocytosis: acceleration of exocytosis by crosslinking. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:265-275. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00096b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) block-graft copolymers with pendant fluorescent groups: synthesis, characterization and cellular uptake. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)–PLA and PLA blend nanoparticles for temperature-controllable drug release and intracellular uptake. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 99:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Folate-decorated thermoresponsive micelles based on star-shaped amphiphilic block copolymers for efficient intracellular release of anticancer drugs. Int J Pharm 2012; 437:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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43
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Phillips DJ, Gibson MI. Biodegradable Poly(disulfide)s Derived from RAFT Polymerization: Monomer Scope, Glutathione Degradation, and Tunable Thermal Responses. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3200-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300989s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4
7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4
7AL, United Kingdom
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44
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Li W, Li H, Li J, Wang H, Zhao H, Zhang L, Xia Y, Ye Z, Gao J, Dai J, Wang H, Guo Y. Self-assembled supramolecular nano vesicles for safe and highly efficient gene delivery to solid tumors. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4661-77. [PMID: 22977303 PMCID: PMC3430442 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main obstacles for cationic polyplexes in gene delivery are in vivo instability and low solid-tumor accumulation. Safe vectors with high transfection efficiency and in vivo tumor accumulation are therefore highly desirable. In this study, the amphiphilic block copolymer poly(n-butyl methacrylate)-b-poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) was synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. The corresponding well-defined vesicles with narrow size distribution were tailored by finely regulating the packing parameter (β) of copolymer (1/2 < β < 1). Compared with traditional “gold-standard” polycation (polyethylenimine, 25 kDa), plasmid DNA condensing efficiency, DNase I degradation protection, and cellular uptake were improved by the supramolecular nano vesicles. In addition, the plasmid DNA transferring efficiency in 10% fetal bovine serum medium was enlarged five times to that of polyethylenimine in renal tubular epithelial and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. This improved in vitro transfection was mainly attributed to the densely packed bilayer. This stealth polyplex showed high serum stability via entropic repulsion, which further protected the polyplex from being destroyed during sterilization. As indicated by the IVIS® Lumina II Imaging System (Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, MA) 24 hours post-intravenous administration, intra-tumor accumulation of the stealth polyplex was clearly promoted. This study successfully circumvented the traditional dilemma of efficient gene transfection at a high nitrogen-from-polyethylenimine to phosphate-from-DNA ratio that is accompanied with site cytotoxicity and low stability. As such, these simply tailored noncytotoxic nano vesicles show significant potential for use in practical gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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45
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Glover AL, Nikles SM, Nikles JA, Brazel CS, Nikles DE. Polymer micelles with crystalline cores for thermally triggered release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10653-60. [PMID: 22726124 PMCID: PMC3415377 DOI: 10.1021/la300895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the use of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polycaprolactone diblock copolymers in a targeted, magnetically triggered drug delivery system has led to this study of the phase behavior of the polycaprolactone core. Four different diblock copolymers were prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone from the alcohol terminus of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethylether, M(n) ≈ 2000. The critical micelle concentration depended on the degree of polymerization for the polycaprolactone block and was in the range of 2.9 to 41 mg/L. Differential scanning calorimetry curves for polymer solutions with a concentration above the critical micelle concentration showed a melting endotherm in the range of 40 to 45 °C, indicating the polycaprolactone core was semicrystalline. Pyrene was entrapped in the micelle core without interfering with the ability of the polycaprolactone to crystallize. When the polymer solution was heated above the melting point of the micelle core, the pyrene was free to leave the core. Temperature-dependent measurements of the critical micelle concentration and temperature-dependent dynamic light scattering showed that the micelles remain intact at temperatures above the melting point of the polycaprolactone core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Glover
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Sarah M. Nikles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Jacqueline A. Nikles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1240
| | - Christopher S. Brazel
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0203
| | - David E. Nikles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
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Tabatabaei Rezaei SJ, Nabid MR, Niknejad H, Entezami AA. Multifunctional and thermoresponsive unimolecular micelles for tumor-targeted delivery and site-specifically release of anticancer drugs. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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47
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Akimoto J, Nakayama M, Sakai K, Yamato M, Okano T. Synthesis of terminal-functionalized thermoresponsive diblock copolymers using biodegradable macro-RAFT agents. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Saaka Y, Deller RC, Rodger A, Gibson MI. Exploiting Thermoresponsive Polymers to Modulate Lipophilicity: Interactions With Model Membranes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:779-84. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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49
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Phillips DJ, Gibson MI. Degradable thermoresponsive polymers which display redox-responsive LCST Behaviour. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1054-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc16323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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50
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