1
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Marin Angel JC, Kyu T. Flexoelectric Ionic Liquid-Grafted Triblock Copolymers for Energy Harvesting under Flexural Deformation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38033309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present article is to develop flexoelectric polyelectrolyte elastomers for energy harvesting based on a poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG-b-PPG-b-PEG-DMA) triblock grafted with an ionic liquid (IL) such as allylmethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (AMIMTFSI). The IL-grafted triblock copolymer network possesses a balance of reasonably good ionic conductivity and high ion polarization during cantilever bending. Of particular importance is the achievement of high flexoelectric coefficients in some flexoelectric polyelectrolyte elastomer (FPE) compositions reaching 1368 μC/m at ambient temperature during mechanical deformation under intermittent square-wave bending mode. With the addition of a 10 wt % lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) salt, the flexoelectric coefficient further improved to 1737 μC/m, which is the highest among all piezoelectric and flexoelectric materials hitherto reported, and thus it opens a new opportunity for clean energy harvesting from a vibrating natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Marin Angel
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Thein Kyu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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2
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Zhang Y, Yan Q, Liu Y, Hu C. Study on the regulation mechanism of effective glass transition temperature on the crystallization of crystalline solid dispersion. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2677-2689. [PMID: 37097607 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this investigation was to determine the mechanism of effective glass transition temperature (TgE) on the crystallization behavior and microstructure of drugs in crystalline solid dispersion (CSD). CSDs were prepared by rotary evaporation using ketoconazole (KET) as a model drug and the triblock copolymer poloxamer 188 as a carrier. The pharmaceutical properties of CSDs, such as crystallite size, crystallization kinetics, and dissolution behavior, were investigated to provide a foundation for studying the crystallization behavior and the microstructure of drugs in CSDs. According to classical nucleation theory, the relationship of treatment temperature-drug crystallite size-TgE of CSD was investigated. Voriconazole, a compound that is structurally similar to KET but with different physicochemical properties, was used to verify the conclusions. The dissolution behavior of KET was significantly enhanced compared to the raw drug due to smaller crystallite size. Crystallization kinetic studies revealed a two-step crystallization mechanism for KET-P188-CSD, in which P188 crystallized first and KET crystallized later. When the treatment temperature was near TgE, the drug crystallite size was smaller and more numerous, which suggests nucleation and slow growth. With the increase of temperature, the drug changed from nucleation to growth, and the number of crystallites decreased and the size of the drug increased. This result suggests it is possible to prepare CSDs with higher drug loading and smaller crystallite size by adjusting the treatment temperature and TgE, so as to maximize the drug dissolution rate. The VOR-P188-CSD maintained a relationship between treatment temperature, drug crystallite size, and TgE. The findings of our study demonstrate that TgE and the treatment temperature can be used to regulate the drug crystallite size and improve the drug solubility and dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Yan
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Li S, Liu B, Chen Z, Ou X, Rong H, Lu M. Ritonavir Revisited: Melt Crystallization Can Easily Find the Late-Appearing Polymorph II and Unexpectedly Discover a New Polymorph III. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3854-3863. [PMID: 37450774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Identification of a thermodynamically stable polymorph is an important step in the early stage of drug development. Ritonavir (RIT) is a well-known case where the most stable polymorph II emerged after being marketed, leading to a loss of $250 million. Herein, we report the findings that routine melt crystallization can reveal the late-appearing polymorph II of RIT at small supercooling, but the probability of nucleation is very low. The addition of 30-50% polyethylene glycol (PEG) promotes the crystallization of Form II as the only phase at low supercooling, making it easier to detect in polymorphism screening. During the course of our research, a new polymorph, denoted Form III, was unexpectedly discovered, crystallizing as the major phase from neat RIT melts. Single crystals of Form III were grown from melt microdroplets. Benefiting from the ability of synchrotron radiation to detect weak diffraction signals that cannot be accessible by a laboratory diffractometer, a reasonable structure of Form III was solved with slight disorder relative to thiazole groups (P1 space group and Z' = 4). The thermodynamic stability ranking of the three true polymorphs is Form II > Form I > Form III, as opposed to the order of solubility. The capacity to efficiently reveal rich polymorphs, especially the kinetically hindered polymorph, and rapidly grow single crystals of a new phase for structure determination together highlights the necessity of incorporating melt crystallization into routine methods for pharmaceutical polymorphism screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziqiao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haowei Rong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Zhang J, Guo M, Luo M, Cai T. Advances in the development of amorphous solid dispersions: The role of polymeric carriers. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100834. [PMID: 37635801 PMCID: PMC10450425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most effective approaches for delivering poorly soluble drugs. In ASDs, polymeric materials serve as the carriers in which the drugs are dispersed at the molecular level. To prepare the solid dispersions, there are many polymers with various physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available for use in ASD formulations. Polymer selection is of great importance because it influences the stability, solubility and dissolution rates, manufacturing process, and bioavailability of the ASD. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of ASDs from the perspectives of physicochemical characteristics of polymers, formulation designs and preparation methods. Furthermore, considerations of safety and regulatory requirements along with the studies recommended for characterizing and evaluating polymeric carriers are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Minshan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minqian Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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5
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Bezerra GSN, De Lima GG, Colbert DM, Halligan E, Geever J, Geever L. Micro-Injection Moulding of PEO/PCL Blend–Based Matrices for Extended Oral Delivery of Fenbendazole. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030900. [PMID: 36986761 PMCID: PMC10051197 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic administered orally to ruminants; nevertheless, its poor water solubility has been the main limitation to reaching satisfactory and sustained levels at the site of the target parasites. Hence, the exploitation of hot-melt extrusion (HME) and micro-injection moulding (µIM) for the manufacturing of extended-release tablets of plasticised solid dispersions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/polycaprolactone (PCL) and FBZ was investigated due to their unique suitability for semi-continuous manufacturing of pharmaceutical oral solid dosage forms. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated a consistent and uniform drug content in the tablets. Thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggested the amorphous state of the active ingredient, which was endorsed by powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (pXRD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis did not display any new peak indicative of either a chemical interaction or degradation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed smoother surfaces and broader pores as we increased the PCL content. Electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed that the drug was homogeneously distributed within the polymeric matrices. Drug release studies attested that all moulded tablets of amorphous solid dispersions improved the drug solubility, with the PEO/PCL blend–based matrices showing drug release by Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics. Thus, HME coupled with µIM proved to be a promising approach towards a continuous automated manufacturing process for the production of oral solid dispersions of benzimidazole anthelmintics to grazing cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto S. N. Bezerra
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Correspondence: (G.S.N.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Gabriel G. De Lima
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais—PIPE, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Declan M. Colbert
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Elaine Halligan
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Joseph Geever
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Luke Geever
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Correspondence: (G.S.N.B.); (L.G.)
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6
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Passerini N. Investigating the physicochemical properties of solid dispersions based on semicrystalline carriers: A case study with ketoprofen. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122576. [PMID: 36596317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic semicrystalline carriers represent an alternative to amorphous polymers due to their low melting temperature, useful for the production of solid dispersions (SDs) by melting-based technologies. This research aims to compare SDs of ketoprofen (KET) and three different semicrystalline carriers (PEG, Poloxamer and Gelucire) regarding miscibility, phase behavior, molecular interactions and stability. KET was chosen owing to its low solubility and high glass forming ability. Estimation of drug-excipient miscibility was performed by Flory-Huggins theory. Negative Gibbs free energy indicated a spontaneous mixing of KET with the three carriers and miscibility in the order PEG > Poloxamer > Gelucire. SDs up to 40 % w/w of drug were produced by melting process at a temperature below KET melting point. Characterization of SDs was performed by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. In case of PEG and Poloxamer, the drug incorporation did not affect carrier crystallinity, while KET was in the amorphous state. Differently, KET retarded the crystallization of Gelucire and at high drug loadings the SDs were amorphous and semisolid. FT-IR analysis revealed a strong interaction between KET and the three carriers. Finally, PEG-based SDs above 20 % KET loading displayed drug crystallization after 6 months of storage; while Poloxamer and Gelucire-based SDs showed KET crystallization only at 40 % KET. Due to its less hydrophilic character and limited water uptake, Gelucire showed the best stability among the three excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bertoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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7
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Narute S, Angel JM, Kyu T. Highly Conductive, Stretchable Block Copolymer Based Elastomeric Networks for Lithium Ion Batteries. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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8
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Basko AV, Lebedeva TN, Yurov MY, Pochivalov KV. The Effect of Physical State of Thymol on the Duration of Its Release from the Mixture with a Semicrystalline Polymer: Thermodynamic Aspects and Kinetics of the Process. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x22010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Thakral S, Kim K. Small-angle scattering for characterization of pharmaceutical materials. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Passerini N. Different BCS Class II Drug-Gelucire Solid Dispersions Prepared by Spray Congealing: Evaluation of Solid State Properties and In Vitro Performances. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060548. [PMID: 32545643 PMCID: PMC7356387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by semi-crystalline solid dispersions prepared by spray congealing in form of microparticles (MPs) is an emerging method to increase their oral bioavailability. In this study, solid dispersions based on hydrophilic Gelucires® (Gelucire® 50/13 and Gelucire® 48/16 in different ratio) of three BCS class II model compounds (carbamazepine, CBZ, tolbutamide, TBM, and cinnarizine, CIN) having different physicochemical properties (logP, pKa, Tm) were produced by spray congealing process. The obtained MPs were investigated in terms of morphology, particles size, drug content, solid state properties, drug-carrier interactions, solubility, and dissolution performances. The solid-state characterization showed that the properties of the incorporated drug had a profound influence on the structure of the obtained solid dispersion: CBZ recrystallized in a different polymorphic form, TBM crystallinity was significantly reduced as a result of specific interactions with the carrier, while smaller crystals were observed in case of CIN. The in vitro tests suggested that the drug solubility was mainly influenced by carrier composition, while the drug dissolution behavior was affected by the API solid state in the MPs after the spray congealing process. Among the tested APIs, TBM-Gelucire dispersions showed the highest enhancement in drug dissolution as a result of the reduced drug crystallinity.
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11
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Stabilisation and Growth of Metastable Form II of Fluconazole in Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010012. [PMID: 31877666 PMCID: PMC7023302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallisation of metastable drug polymorphs in polymer matrices has been reported as a successful approach to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug molecules. This can be achieved using different polymers, drug to polymer ratios and formulation techniques enabling the formation of stable nuclei and subsequent growth of new or metastable drug polymorphs. In this work we elucidated the polymorphism behaviour of a model compound fluconazole (FLU) embedded in solid dispersions with amorphous Soluplus® (SOL) obtained using spray drying and fusion methods. The effect of humidity on the stability of FLU in the obtained dispersions was also evaluated. FLU at a drug content below 40 wt. % stayed amorphous in the dispersions prepared using the fusion method and crystallised exclusively into metastable form II at a drug content above 40 wt. % and 70% relative humidity (RH) conditions. In contrast, a mixture of forms I, II and hydrate of FLU was detected in the spray dried formulations after 14 days of storage at 40 °C/40% RH, with preferential growth of thermodynamically stable form I of FLU. This study highlights the importance of preparation techniques and the drug:polymer ratio in the formulation of amorphous solid dispersions and provides further understanding of the complex crystallisation behaviour of amorphous pharmaceuticals encapsulated in the polymer matrixes.
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12
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Sarpal K, Delaney S, Zhang GGZ, Munson EJ. Phase Behavior of Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Felodipine: Homogeneity and Drug–Polymer Interactions. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4836-4851. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Sarpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Sean Delaney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Geoff G. Z. Zhang
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Eric J. Munson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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13
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Passerini N. Spray Congealing: An Emerging Technology to Prepare Solid Dispersions with Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs. Molecules 2019; 24:E3471. [PMID: 31557815 PMCID: PMC6804277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The low and variable oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs remains a major concern for the pharmaceutical industry. Spray congealing is an emerging technology for the production of solid dispersion to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by using low-melting hydrophilic excipients. The main advantages are the absence of solvents and the possibility to obtain spherical free-flowing microparticles (MPs) by a relatively inexpensive, simple, and one-step process. This review aims to fully describe the composition, structure, physico-chemical properties, and characterization techniques of spray congealed-formulations. Moreover, the influence of these properties on the MPs performance in terms of solubility and dissolution enhancement are examined. Following, an overview of the different spray congealed systems developed to increase the oral drug bioavailability is provided, with a focus on the mechanisms underpinning the bioavailability enhancement. Finally, this work gives specific insights on the main factors to be considered for the rational formulation, manufacturing, and characterization of spray congealed solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bertoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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14
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Hurley D, Potter CB, Walker GM, Higginbotham CL. Investigation of Ethylene Oxide-co-propylene Oxide for Dissolution Enhancement of Hot-Melt Extruded Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1372-1382. [PMID: 29410037 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The optimal design of amorphous solid dispersion formulations requires the use of excipients to maintain supersaturation and improve physical stability to ensure shelf-life stability and better absorption during intestinal transit, respectively. Blends of excipients (surfactants and polymers) are often used within pharmaceutical products to improve the oral delivery of Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II drugs. Therefore, in this study, a dissolution enhancer, poloxamer 407 (P407), was investigated to determine its effect on the dissolution properties and on the amorphous nature of the active pharmaceutical ingredient contained in the formulation. Phase solubility studies of indomethacin (INM) in aqueous solutions of P407 and poly(vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer) showed an increase in the kinetic solubility of INM compared with the pure drug at 37°C with a Ka value of 0.041 μg/mL. The solid dispersions showed a higher dissolution rate when compared to pure and amorphous drugs when performed in pH buffer 1.2 with a kinetic solubility of 21 μg/mL. The stability data showed that the amorphous drug in solid solutions with poly(vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer) and P407 remained amorphous, and the %P407 loading had no effect on the amorphous stability of INM. This study concluded that the amorphous solid dispersion contributed to the increased solubility of INM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Hurley
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Catherine B Potter
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gavin M Walker
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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15
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Van Duong T, Goderis B, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G. Microstructure of Pharmaceutical Semicrystalline Dispersions: The Significance of Polymer Conformation. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:629-641. [PMID: 29320195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure of pharmaceutical semicrystalline solid dispersions has attracted extensive attention due to its complexity that might result in the diversity in physical stability, dissolution behavior, and pharmaceutical performance of the systems. Numerous factors have been reported that dictate the microstructure of semicrystalline dispersions. Nevertheless, the importance of the complicated conformation of the polymer has never been elucidated. In this study, we investigate the microstructure of dispersions of polyethylene glycol and active pharmaceutical ingredients by small-angle X-ray scattering and high performance differential scanning calorimetry. Polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 2000 g/mol (PEG2000) and 6000 g/mol (PEG6000) exhibited remarkable discrepancy in the lamellar periodicity in dispersions with APIs which was attributed to the differences in their folding behavior. The long period of PEG2000 always decreased upon aging-induced exclusion of APIs from the interlamellar region of extended chain crystals whereas the periodicity of PEG6000 may decrease or increase during storage as a consequence of the competition between the drug segregation and the lamellar thickening from nonintegral-folded into integral-folded chain crystals. These processes were in turn significantly influenced by the crystallization tendency of the pharmaceutical compounds, drug-polymer interactions, as well as the dispersion composition and crystallization temperature. This study highlights the significance of the polymer conformation on the microstructure of semicrystalline systems that is critical for the preparation of solid dispersions with consistent and reproducible quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven , Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy , 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Bart Goderis
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F b2404, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven , Campus Arenberg, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 b2450, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven , Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Van Duong T, Lüdeker D, Van Bockstal PJ, De Beer T, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G. Polymorphism of Indomethacin in Semicrystalline Dispersions: Formation, Transformation, and Segregation. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1037-1051. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - David Lüdeker
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Arenberg, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 b2450, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Margulis K, Zhang X, Joubert L, Bruening K, Tassone CJ, Zare RN, Waymouth RM. Formation of Polymeric Nanocubes by Self‐Assembly and Crystallization of Dithiolane‐Containing Triblock Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Karsten Bruening
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource Stanford University 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 69 Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Christopher J. Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource Stanford University 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 69 Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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18
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Margulis K, Zhang X, Joubert L, Bruening K, Tassone CJ, Zare RN, Waymouth RM. Formation of Polymeric Nanocubes by Self‐Assembly and Crystallization of Dithiolane‐Containing Triblock Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16357-16362. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Karsten Bruening
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource Stanford University 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 69 Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Christopher J. Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource Stanford University 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 69 Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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19
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Van Duong T, Reekmans G, Venkatesham A, Van Aerschot A, Adriaensens P, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G. Spectroscopic Investigation of the Formation and Disruption of Hydrogen Bonds in Pharmaceutical Semicrystalline Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1726-1741. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Gunter Reekmans
- Applied
and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Akkaladevi Venkatesham
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 b1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arthur Van Aerschot
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 b1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Applied
and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department
of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Arenberg, Kasteelpark Arenberg
44 b2450, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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20
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The Use of Binary Polymeric Networks in Stabilizing Polyethylene Oxide Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3064-3072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Van Duong T, Van den Mooter G. The role of the carrier in the formulation of pharmaceutical solid dispersions. Part I: crystalline and semi-crystalline carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1583-1594. [PMID: 27321133 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1198768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a consequence of the target and drug candidate identification process, drugs with higher hydrophobicity and/or lipophilicity are being selected for further development, leading to solubility and dissolution rate limited oral bioavailability, and hence potential failure of the intended therapeutic goal. Solid dispersions were introduced as a formulation strategy in the early 1960s to tackle this issue and are still an area of intensive research activity. Areas covered: There has been a shift in the type of carriers that were used in the formulation of solid dispersions as nowadays, amorphous carriers are most often used, whereas in early stages of solid dispersions development, crystalline and semi-crystalline carriers were most commonly applied. In this review, we will discuss several aspects related to the use of crystalline and semi-crystalline carriers such as their molecular and related physical structure, and their physical chemical properties related to formulation of poorly soluble drugs. Expert opinion: The inherent crystallinity of this type of carrier hinders the formation of high-load solid solutions as mainly the amorphous domains of a carrier are able to accommodate drug molecules. Hence these carriers are not currently first choice excipients to formulate solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Hanoi University of Pharmacy , Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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22
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Maver U, Velnar T, Gaberšček M, Planinšek O, Finšgar M. Recent progressive use of atomic force microscopy in biomedical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Alhijjaj M, Yassin S, Reading M, Zeitler JA, Belton P, Qi S. Characterization of Heterogeneity and Spatial Distribution of Phases in Complex Solid Dispersions by Thermal Analysis by Structural Characterization and X-ray Micro Computed Tomography. Pharm Res 2016; 34:971-989. [PMID: 27095354 PMCID: PMC5382188 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of drug-excipient miscibility on the heterogeneity and spatial distribution of phase separation in pharmaceutical solid dispersions at a micron-scale using two novel and complementary characterization techniques, thermal analysis by structural characterization (TASC) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (XμCT) in conjunction with conventional characterization methods. METHOD Complex dispersions containing felodipine, TPGS, PEG and PEO were prepared using hot melt extrusion-injection moulding. The phase separation behavior of the samples was characterized using TASC and XμCT in conjunction with conventional thermal, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro drug release study was performed to demonstrate the impact of phase separation on dissolution of the dispersions. RESULTS The conventional characterization results indicated the phase separating nature of the carrier materials in the patches and the presence of crystalline drug in the patches with the highest drug loading (30% w/w). TASC and XμCT where used to provide insight into the spatial configuration of the separate phases. TASC enabled assessment of the increased heterogeneity of the dispersions with increasing the drug loading. XμCT allowed the visualization of the accumulation of phase separated (crystalline) drug clusters at the interface of air pockets in the patches with highest drug loading which led to poor dissolution performance. Semi-quantitative assessment of the phase separated drug clusters in the patches were attempted using XμCT. CONCLUSION TASC and XμCT can provide unique information regarding the phase separation behavior of solid dispersions which can be closely associated with important product quality indicators such as heterogeneity and microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqdad Alhijjaj
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7TJ
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Samy Yassin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Mike Reading
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK, HD1 3DH
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Peter Belton
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7TJ
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7TJ.
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24
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Javiya C, Jonnalagadda S. Physicochemical characterization of spray-dried PLGA/PEG microspheres, and preliminary assessment of biological response. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1504-14. [PMID: 26902521 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2016.1151030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The use of spray-drying to prepare blended PLGA:PEG microspheres with lower immune detection. OBJECTIVE To study physical properties, polymer miscibility and alveolar macrophage response for blended PLGA:PEG microspheres prepared by a laboratory-scale spray-drying process. METHODS Microspheres were prepared by spray-drying 0-20% w/w ratios of PLGA 65:35 and PEG 3350 in dichloromethane. Particle size and morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Polymer miscibility and residual solvent levels evaluated by thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry - DSC and thermogravimetric analysis - TGA). Immunogenicity was assessed in vitro by response of rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) by the MTT-based cell viability assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. RESULTS The spray dried particles were spherical, with a size range of about 2-3 µm and a yield of 16-60%. Highest yield was obtained at 1% PEG concentration. Thermal analysis showed a melting peak at 59 °C (enthalpy: 170.61 J/g) and a degradation-onset of 180 °C for PEG 3350. PLGA 65:35 was amorphous, with a Tg of 43 °C. Blended PLGA:PEG microspheres showed a delayed degradation-onset of 280 °C, and PEG enthalpy-loss corresponding to 15% miscibility of PEG in PLGA. NR8383 viability studies and ROS detection upon exposure to these cells suggested that blended PLGA:PEG microspheres containing 1 and 5% PEG are optimal in controling cell proliferation and activation. CONCLUSION This research establishes the feasibility of using a spray-drying process to prepare spherical particles (2-3 µm) of molecularly-blended PLGA 65:35 and PEG 3350. A PEG concentration of 1-5% was optimal to maximize process yield, with minimal potential for immune detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curie Javiya
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy , USciences , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Sriramakamal Jonnalagadda
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy , USciences , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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25
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Brough C, Miller DA, Ellenberger D, Lubda D, Williams RO. Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Solubility Enhancing Polymer for Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Delivery (Part 2). AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:180-90. [PMID: 26863889 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The KinetiSol® Dispersing (KSD) technology has enabled the investigation into the use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) as a concentration enhancing polymer for amorphous solid dispersions. Our previous study revealed that the 88% hydrolyzed grade of PVAL was optimal for itraconazole (ITZ) amorphous compositions with regard to solid-state properties, non-sink dissolution performance, and bioavailability enhancement. The current study investigates the influence of molecular weight for the 88% hydrolyzed grades of PVAL on the properties of KSD processed ITZ:PVAL amorphous dispersions. Specifically, molecular weights in the processable range of 4 to 18 mPa · s were evaluated and the 4-88 grade provided the highest AUC dissolution profile. Amorphous dispersions at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% ITZ drug loads in PVAL 4-88 were also compared by dissolution performance. Analytical tools of diffusion-ordered spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to understand the interaction between drug and polymer. Finally, results from a 30-month stability test of a 30% drug loaded ITZ:PVAL 4-88 composition shows that stable amorphous dispersions can be achieved. Thus, this newly enabled polymer carrier can be considered a viable option for pharmaceutical formulation development for solubility enhancement.
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26
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Alhijjaj M, Bouman J, Wellner N, Belton P, Qi S. Creating Drug Solubilization Compartments via Phase Separation in Multicomponent Buccal Patches Prepared by Direct Hot Melt Extrusion–Injection Molding. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4349-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muqdad Alhijjaj
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, U.K., NR4 7TJ
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Jacob Bouman
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Physics
and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaus Wellner
- Institute
of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk, U.K., NR4 7UA
| | - Peter Belton
- School of
Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, U.K., NR4 7TJ
| | - Sheng Qi
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, U.K., NR4 7TJ
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27
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Duong TV, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G. Crystallization Kinetics of Indomethacin/Polyethylene Glycol Dispersions Containing High Drug Loadings. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2493-504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department
of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Arenberg, Kasteelpark Arenberg
44 b2450, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Chen Z, Liu Z, Qian F. Crystallization of bifonazole and acetaminophen within the matrix of semicrystalline, PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:590-9. [PMID: 25569586 DOI: 10.1021/mp500661v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and microstructure of crystalline drug/polymer solid dispersions could influence their physical stability and dissolution performance. In this study, the drug crystallization mechanism within PEG, PPG, and poloxamer matrix was investigated, and the resultant microstructure of various solid dispersions of acetaminophen (ACM) and bifonazole (BFZ) in the aforementioned polymers was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and wide/small-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD/SAXS). With a stronger molecular interaction with the PEG segments, ACM decreased the crystallization onset temperature and crystallinity of PEG and poloxamers much more than BFZ. The stronger molecular interaction and better miscibility between ACM and PEG also induced a more defective lamellar structure in the ACM solid dispersions compared with that in the BFZ systems, as revealed by DSC and SAXS investigation. Observed under polarized optical microscopy, PEG, PPG, and poloxamer could all significantly improve the crystallization rate of ACM and BFZ, because of the largely reduced Tg of the solid dispersions by these low Tg polymers. Moreover, when the drug loading was below 60%, crystallization of BFZ in PEG or poloxamer occurred preferably along the radial direction of PEG spherulite, rather than the perpendicular direction, which was attributed to the geometric restriction of well-ordered polymer lamellar structure in the BFZ solid dispersions. Similar phenomena were not observed in the ACM solid dispersions regardless of the drug loading, presumably because ACM could diffuse freely across the perpendicular direction of the PEG spherulite, through the well-connected interlamellar or interfibrillar spaces produced by the defective PEG lamellar structure. The different drug-polymer interaction also caused a difference in the microstructure of polymer crystal, as well as a difference in drug distribution within the polymer matrix, which then synergistically facilitated a "confined crystallization" process to reduce the drug crystallite size below 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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29
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30
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Vasa DM, Dalal N, Katz JM, Roopwani R, Nevrekar A, Patel H, Buckner IS, Wildfong PL. Physical Characterization of Drug:Polymer Dispersion Behavior in Polyethylene Glycol 4000 Solid Dispersions using a Suite of Complementary Analytical Techniques. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2911-2923. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Physical stabilization of low-molecular-weight amorphous drugs in the solid state: a material science approach. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:817-41. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of the amorphous state is considered to be one of the most effective approaches for improving the dissolution and subsequent oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However as the amorphous state has much higher physical instability in comparison with its crystalline counterpart, stabilization of amorphous drugs in a solid-dosage form presents a major challenge to formulators. The currently used approaches for stabilizing amorphous drug are discussed in this article with respect to their preparation, mechanism of stabilization and limitations. In order to realize the potential of amorphous formulations, significant efforts are required to enable the prediction of formulation performance. This will facilitate the development of computational tools that can inform a rapid and rational formulation development process for amorphous drugs.
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32
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Harrison AJ, Bilgili EA, Beaudoin SP, Taylor LS. Atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy of griseofulvin nanocrystals. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11449-55. [PMID: 24171582 PMCID: PMC3889117 DOI: 10.1021/ac4025889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to evaluate the ability of photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR) to measure the local infrared absorption spectra of crystalline organic drug nanoparticles embedded within solid matrices. Herein, the first reports of the chemical characterization of sub-100 nm organic crystals are described; infrared spectra of 90 nm griseofulvin particles were obtained, confirming the chemical resolution of PTIR beyond the diffraction limit. Additionally, particle size distributions via dynamic light scattering and PTIR image analysis were found to be similar, suggesting that the PTIR measurements are not significantly affected by inhomogeneous infrared absorptivity of this system. Thus as medical applications increasingly emphasize localized drug delivery via micro/nanoengineered structures, PTIR can be used to unambiguously chemically characterize drug formulations at these length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Harrison
- Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2100 (USA)
| | - E. A. Bilgili
- Tiernan Hall of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 161 Warren St., Newark, NJ 07102-1982 (USA)
| | - S. P. Beaudoin
- Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2100 (USA)
| | - L. S. Taylor
- Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2091, (USA)
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33
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Crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) with acetaminophen – A study on solubility, spherulitic growth, and morphology. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:889-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Shi NQ, Lei YS, Song LM, Yao J, Zhang XB, Wang XL. Impact of amorphous and semicrystalline polymers on the dissolution and crystallization inhibition of pioglitazone solid dispersions. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Investigation of polymeric excipients for dutasteride solid dispersion and its physicochemical characterization. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:214-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Investigation of griseofulvin and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose acetate succinate miscibility in ball milled solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2013; 443:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Zhu Q, Toth SJ, Simpson GJ, Hsu HY, Taylor LS, Harris MT. Crystallization and dissolution behavior of naproxen/polyethylene glycol solid dispersions. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1494-500. [PMID: 23320811 DOI: 10.1021/jp3106716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystallization kinetics of naproxen (NAP) in NAP/polyethylene glycol (NAP/PEG) solid dispersions prepared at different crystallization temperatures was studied by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). It was found that the crystallization rate of NAP was faster at 25 °C in comparison to 40 °C. This resulted in different sizes of NAP domains, and consequently impacted the dissolution behavior. The sizes of NAP domains prepared at 40 °C were larger than those at 25 °C, as determined with surface area analysis, utilizing second-order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals (SONICC). Consistent with this observation, the corresponding dissolution rate of the NAP/PEG dispersion prepared at 40 °C was indeed slower than that prepared at 25 °C. The microstructure of the NAP/PEG solid dispersions and the dissolution behavior also showed a dependence on the chemical composition of the solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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38
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Alam MA, Ali R, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM. Solid dispersions: a strategy for poorly aqueous soluble drugs and technology updates. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1419-40. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.732064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Yeager JD, Ramos KJ, Sun CC, Singh S, Dubey M, Majewski J, Hooks DE. Probing interfaces between pharmaceutical crystals and polymers by neutron reflectometry. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1953-61. [PMID: 22663898 DOI: 10.1021/mp2006517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical powder engineering often involves forming interfaces between the drug and a suitable polymer. The structure at the interface plays a critical role in the properties and performance of the composite. However, interface structures have not been well understood due to a lack of suitable characterization tool. In this work, we have used ellipsometry and neutron reflectometry to characterize the structure of such interfaces in detail. Ellipsometry provided a quick estimate of the number of layers and their thicknesses, whereas neutron reflectometry provided richer structural information such as density, thickness, roughness, and intermixing of different layers. The combined information allowed us to develop an accurate model about the layered structure and provided information about intermixing of different layer components. Systematic use of these characterization techniques on several model systems suggests that the nature of the polymer had a small effect on the interfacial structure, while the solvent used in polymer coating had a large effect. These results provide useful information on the efforts of engineering particle properties through the control of the interfacial chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Yeager
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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40
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Zhu Q, Harris MT, Taylor LS. Modification of Crystallization Behavior in Drug/Polyethylene Glycol Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:546-53. [PMID: 22299821 DOI: 10.1021/mp200546p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of
Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael T. Harris
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of
Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of
Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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41
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Abu-Diak OA, Jones DS, Andrews GP. Understanding the Performance of Melt-Extruded Poly(ethylene oxide)–Bicalutamide Solid Dispersions: Characterisation of Microstructural Properties Using Thermal, Spectroscopic and Drug Release Methods. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:200-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhu Q, Harris MT, Taylor LS. Time-Resolved SAXS/WAXS Study of the Phase Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Drug/PEG Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:932-9. [PMID: 21452866 DOI: 10.1021/mp200041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael T. Harris
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Li B, Wen M, Li W, He M, Yang X, Li S. Preparation and characterization of baicalin-poly -vinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate. Int J Pharm 2011; 408:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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