1
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Liu X, Li M, Woo S. Subcellular Drug Distribution: Exploring Organelle-Specific Characteristics for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1167. [PMID: 39339204 PMCID: PMC11434838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and potential toxicity of drug treatments depends on the drug concentration at its site of action, intricately linked to its distribution within diverse organelles of mammalian cells. These organelles, including the nucleus, endosome, lysosome, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lipid droplets, exosomes, and membrane-less structures, create distinct sub-compartments within the cell, each with unique biological features. Certain structures within these sub-compartments possess the ability to selectively accumulate or exclude drugs based on their physicochemical attributes, directly impacting drug efficacy. Under pathological conditions, such as cancer, many cells undergo dynamic alterations in subcellular organelles, leading to changes in the active concentration of drugs. A mechanistic and quantitative understanding of how organelle characteristics and abundance alter drug partition coefficients is crucial. This review explores biological factors and physicochemical properties influencing subcellular drug distribution, alongside strategies for modulation to enhance efficacy. Additionally, we discuss physiologically based computational models for subcellular drug distribution, providing a quantifiable means to simulate and predict drug distribution at the subcellular level, with the potential to optimize drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-8033, USA;
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1267, USA;
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-8033, USA;
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2
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Doedens JR, Diamond C, Harrison D, Bock MG, Clarke N, Watt AP, Gabel CA. The ester-containing prodrug NT-0796 enhances delivery of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor NDT-19795 to monocytic cells expressing carboxylesterase-1. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 227:116455. [PMID: 39069136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
NT-0796 is an ester prodrug which is metabolized by carboxylesterase-1 (CES1) to yield the carboxylic acid NDT-19795, an inhibitor of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. When applied to human monocytes/macrophages which express CES1, however, NT-0796 is much more potent at inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation than is NDT-19795. Comparison of the binding of NDT-19795 and NT-0796 in a cell-based NLRP3 target engagement assay confirms that NDT-19795 is the active species. Moreover, microsomes expressing CES1 efficiently convert NT-0796 to NDT-19795, confirming CES1-dependent activation. To understand the basis for the enhanced potency of the ester prodrug species in human monocytes, we analyzed the accumulation and de-esterification of NT-0796 in cultured cells. Our studies reveal NT-0796 rapidly accumulates in cells, achieving estimated cellular concentrations above those applied to the medium, with concomitant metabolism to NDT-19795 in CES1-expressing cells. Using cells lacking CES1 or a poorly hydrolysable NT-0796 analog demonstrated that de-esterification is not required for NT-0796 to achieve high cellular levels. As a result of a dynamic equilibrium whereby NDT-19795 formed intracellularly is subsequently released to the medium, concentrations of NT-0796 sufficient to inhibit NLRP3 can be completely metabolized to NDT-19795 resulting in a transient pharmacodynamic response. In contrast, when NDT-19795 is applied directly to cells, observed cell-associated levels are below those present in the medium and remain stable over time. Dynamics observed within the context of a closed tissue culture system highlight the utility of NT-0796 as a vehicle for delivering the NDT-19795 acid payload to CES1 expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Harrison
- Nodthera Ltd, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Clarke
- Nodthera Ltd, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Alan P Watt
- Nodthera Ltd, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
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3
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Lou Z, Mu C, Corpstein CD, Li T. In vivo deposition of poorly soluble drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115358. [PMID: 38851590 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Administered drug molecules, whether dissolved or solubilized, have the potential to precipitate and accumulate as solid forms in tissues and cells within the body. This phase transition can significantly impact the pharmacokinetics of treatment. It is thus crucial to gain an understanding of how drug solubility/permeability, drug formulations and routes of administration affect in vivo behaviors of drug deposition. This review examines literature reports on the drug deposition in tissues and cells of poorly water-soluble drugs, as well as underlying physical mechanisms that lead to precipitation. Our work particularly highlights drug deposition in macrophages and the subcellular fate of precipitated drugs. We also propose a tissue permeability-based classification framework to evaluate precipitation potentials of poorly soluble drugs in major organs and tissues. The impact on pharmacokinetics is further discussed and needs to be considered in developing drug delivery systems. Finally, bioimaging techniques that are used to examine aggregated states and the intracellular trafficking of absorbed drugs are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohuan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China; Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Clairissa D Corpstein
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Tonglei Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
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4
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Rocca R, Grillone K, Citriniti EL, Gualtieri G, Artese A, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P, Alcaro S. Targeting non-coding RNAs: Perspectives and challenges of in-silico approaches. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115850. [PMID: 37839343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The growing information currently available on the central role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAS) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for chronic and degenerative human diseases makes them attractive therapeutic targets. RNAs carry out different functional roles in human biology and are deeply deregulated in several diseases. So far, different attempts to therapeutically target the 3D RNA structures with small molecules have been reported. In this scenario, the development of computational tools suitable for describing RNA structures and their potential interactions with small molecules is gaining more and more interest. Here, we describe the most suitable strategies to study ncRNAs through computational tools. We focus on methods capable of predicting 2D and 3D ncRNA structures. Furthermore, we describe computational tools to identify, design and optimize small molecule ncRNA binders. This review aims to outline the state of the art and perspectives of computational methods for ncRNAs over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rocca
- Department of Health Science, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Artese
- Department of Health Science, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | | | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of Health Science, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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5
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Khine MN, Sakurai K. Golgi-Targeting Anticancer Natural Products. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072086. [PMID: 37046746 PMCID: PMC10093635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis by serving as a biosynthetic center for glycans, lipids and post-translationally modified proteins and as a sorting center for vesicular transport of proteins to specific destinations. Moreover, it provides a signaling hub that facilitates not only membrane trafficking processes but also cellular response pathways to various types of stresses. Altered signaling at the Golgi apparatus has emerged as a key regulator of tumor growth and survival. Among the small molecules that can specifically perturb or modulate Golgi proteins and organization, natural products with anticancer property have been identified as powerful chemical probes in deciphering Golgi-related pathways and, in particular, recently described Golgi stress response pathways. In this review, we highlight a set of Golgi-targeting natural products that enabled the characterization of the Golgi-mediated signaling events leading to cancer cell death and discuss the potential for selectively exploiting these pathways for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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6
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Sarı C, Değirmencioğlu İ, Eyüpoğlu FC. Synthesis and characterization of novel Schiff base-silicon (IV) phthalocyanine complex for photodynamic therapy of breast cancer cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103504. [PMID: 36907257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy is an alternative anticancer treatment approach that promises high therapeutic efficacy. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the PDT-mediated anticancer effects of newly synthesized silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) molecules on MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, and non-tumorigenic MCF-10A breast cell line. METHODS Novel bromo substituted Schiff base (3a), its nitro homolog (3b), and their silicon complexes (SiPc-5a and SiPc-5b) were synthesized. Their proposed structures were confirmed by FT-IR, NMR, UV-vis and MS instrumental techniques. MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells were illuminated at a light wavelength of 680 nm for 10 min, giving a total irradiation dose of 10 j/cm2. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of SiPc-5a and SiPc-5b. Apoptotic cell death was analyzed using flow cytometry. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by TMRE staining. Intracellular ROS generation was observed microscopically using H2DCFDA dye. Colony formation assay and in vitro scratch assay were performed to analyze the clonogenic activity and cell motility. Transwell migration and matrigel invasion analyzes were conducted to observe changes in the migration and invasion status of the cells. RESULTS The combination of SiPc-5a and SiPc-5b with PDT exhibited cytotoxic effects on cancer cells and triggered cell death. SiPc-5a/PDT and SiPc-5b/PDT decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased intracellular ROS production. Statistically significant changes were detected in cancer cells' colony-forming ability and motility. SiPc-5a/PDT and SiPc-5b/PDT reduced cancer cells' migration and invasion capacities. CONCLUSION The present study identifies PDT-mediated antiproliferative, apoptotic, and anti-migratory characteristics of novel SiPc molecules. The outcomes of this study emphasize the anticancer properties of these molecules and suggest that they may be evaluated as drug-candidate molecules for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Sarı
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İsmail Değirmencioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Figen Celep Eyüpoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
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7
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Poller B, Werner S, Domange N, Mettler L, Stein RR, Loretan J, Wartmann M, Faller B, Huth F. Time Matters - In vitro Cellular Disposition Kinetics Help Rationalizing Cellular Potency Disconnects. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:878-889. [PMID: 36189672 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2130837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Loss in potency is commonly observed in early drug discovery when moving from biochemical to more complex cellular systems. Among other factors, low permeability is often considered to cause such potency disconnects.We developed a novel cellular disposition assay in MDCK cells to determine passive uptake clearance (PSinf), cell-to-medium ratios at steady-state (Kp) and the time to reach 90% steady-state (TTSS90) from a single experiment in a high-throughput format.The assay was validated using 40 marketed drugs, showing a wide distribution of PSinf and Kp values. The parameters generally correlated with transcellular permeability and lipophilicity, while PSinf data revealed better resolution in the high and low permeability ranges compared to traditional permeability data. A linear relationship between the Kp/PSinf ratio and TTSS90 was mathematically derived and experimentally validated, demonstrating the dependency of TTSS90 on the rate and extent of cellular accumulation.Cellular disposition parameters could explain potency (IC50) disconnects noted for seven Bruton's tyrosine kinase degrader compounds in a cellular potency assay. In contrast to transcellular permeability, PSinf data enabled identification of the compounds with IC50 disconnects based on their time to reach equilibrium. Overall, the novel assay offers the possibility to address potency disconnects in early drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birk Poller
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Werner
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Domange
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lina Mettler
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard R Stein
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Loretan
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Faller
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Huth
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Wang Y, Wang YF, Li X, Wang Y, Huang Q, Ma X, Liang XJ. Nanoparticle-Driven Controllable Mitochondrial Regulation through Lysosome-Mitochondria Interactome. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12553-12568. [PMID: 35876466 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Precise subcellular manipulation remains challenging in quantitative biological studies. After target modification and hierarchical assembly, nanoparticles can be functionalized for intracellular investigation. However, it remains unclear whether nanoparticles themselves can progressively manipulate subcellular processes, especially organellar networks. Mitochondria act as the energetic supply, whose fission dynamics are often modulated by molecular reagents. Here, using different-sized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a model, we demonstrated the nanoparticle-driven controllable regulation on mitochondria. Compared with molecular reagents, AuNPs could induce size-dependent mitochondrial fission without detectable cell injury, and this process was reversible along with intracellular AuNPs' clearance. Mechanistically, it was attributed to the AuNPs-induced enhanced organelle interactome between lysosomes and mitochondria. Lysosomal accumulation of AuNPs induced lysosomal swelling and lysosomal motility alterations, promoting mitochondrial fission through the increased "kiss" events during the "kiss-and-run" moving of the lysosome-mitochondria interactome. This study highlights the fundamental understanding to fully explore the intrinsic capability of nanoparticles by engineering their basic properties. Also, it provides practical guidance to investigate the delicate nanolevel regulation on biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianlei Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Willmer AR, Nie J, De la Rosa MVG, Wen W, Dunne S, Rosania GR. Molecular design of a pathogen activated, self-assembling mechanopharmaceutical device. J Control Release 2022; 347:620-631. [PMID: 35623493 PMCID: PMC9901583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Weakly basic small molecule drugs like clofazimine can be used as building blocks for endowing cells with unnatural structural and functional elements. Here, we describe how clofazimine represents a first-in-class mechanopharmaceutical device, serving to construct inert, inactive and stimulus responsive drug depots within the endophagolysosomal compartment of cells of living organisms. Upon oral administration, clofazimine molecules self-assemble into stable, membrane-bound, crystal-like drug inclusions (CLDI) that accumulate within macrophages to form a "smart" biocompatible, pathogen activatable mechanopharmaceutical device. Upon perturbation of the mechanism maintaining pH and ion homeostasis of these CLDIs, the inert encapsulated drug precipitates are destabilized, releasing bioactive drug molecules into the cell and its surrounding. The resulting increase in clofazimine solubility activates this broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiviral or cytotoxic agent within the infected macrophage. We present a general, molecular design strategy for using clofazimine and other small molecule building blocks for the cytoplasmic construction of mechanopharmaceutical devices, aimed at rapid deployment during infectious disease outbreaks, for the purpose of pandemic prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Willmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Corresponding author: Andrew R. Willmer, PharmD, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Phone: 734-536-3383,
| | - Jiayi Nie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mery Vet George De la Rosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Winnie Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Steven Dunne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gus R. Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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10
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Roy SM, Barman S, Basu A, Ghatak T, Pore SK, Ghosh SK, Mukherjee R, Maity AR. Amine as a bottom-line functionality on DDS surface for efficient endosomal escape and further subcellular targets. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Vu V, Szewczyk MM, Nie DY, Arrowsmith CH, Barsyte-Lovejoy D. Validating Small Molecule Chemical Probes for Biological Discovery. Annu Rev Biochem 2022; 91:61-87. [PMID: 35363509 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-032620-105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule chemical probes are valuable tools for interrogating protein biological functions and relevance as a therapeutic target. Rigorous validation of chemical probe parameters such as cellular potency and selectivity is critical to unequivocally linking biological and phenotypic data resulting from treatment with a chemical probe to the function of a specific target protein. A variety of modern technologies are available to evaluate cellular potency and selectivity, target engagement, and functional response biomarkers of chemical probe compounds. Here, we review these technologies and the rationales behind using them for the characterization and validation of chemical probes. In addition, large-scale phenotypic characterization of chemical probes through chemical genetic screening is increasingly leading to a wealth of information on the cellular pharmacology and disease involvement of potential therapeutic targets. Extensive compound validation approaches and integration of phenotypic information will lay foundations for further use of chemical probes in biological discovery. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 91 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magdalena M Szewczyk
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - David Y Nie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Nalçaoğlu A, Sarı C, Değirmencioğlu İ, Eyüpoğlu FC. Novel piperazine-substituted silicon phthalocyanines exert anti-cancer effects against breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Elzek MAW, Christopher JA, Breckels LM, Lilley KS. Localization of Organelle Proteins by Isotope Tagging: Current status and potential applications in drug discovery research. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 39:57-67. [PMID: 34906326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spatial proteomics has provided important insights into the relationship between protein function and subcellular location. Localization of Organelle Proteins by Isotope Tagging (LOPIT) and its variants are proteome-wide techniques, not matched in scale by microscopy-based or proximity tagging-based techniques, allowing holistic mapping of protein subcellular location and re-localization events downstream of cellular perturbations. LOPIT can be a powerful and versatile tool in drug discovery for unlocking important information on disease pathophysiology, drug mechanism of action, and off-target toxicity screenings. Here, we discuss technical concepts of LOPIT with its potential applications in drug discovery and development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A W Elzek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom; Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Josie A Christopher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom; Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Breckels
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom; Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom; Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, United Kingdom.
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14
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Costa IM, Cheng J, Osytek KM, Imberti C, Terry SYA. Methods and techniques for in vitro subcellular localization of radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclides. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 98-99:18-29. [PMID: 33964707 PMCID: PMC7610823 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In oncology, the holy grail of radiotherapy is specific radiation dose deposition in tumours with minimal healthy tissue toxicity. If used appropriately, injectable, systemic radionuclide therapies could meet these criteria, even for treatment of micrometastases and single circulating tumour cells. The clinical use of α and β- particle-emitting molecular radionuclide therapies is rising, however clinical translation of Auger electron-emitting radionuclides is hampered by uncertainty around their exact subcellular localisation, which in turn affects the accuracy of dosimetry. This review aims to discuss and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various subcellular localisation methods available to localise radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclides for in vitro investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines M Costa
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Cheng
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna M Osytek
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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15
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Pramanik SK, Das A. Small luminescent molecular probe for developing as assay for alkaline phosphatase. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Tumor-selective new piperazine-fragmented silicon phthalocyanines initiate cell death in breast cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112143. [PMID: 33550219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A new silicon phthalocyanine with piperazine-furan ring and its quaternized form were synthesized. All compounds were analyzed by spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MS, and UV-vis), and the absorbance characteristics of silicon phthalocyanines were evaluated with the expected strong typical absorption bands in the far-red spectrum. The cytotoxic effects of these phthalocyanines induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) were determined in a dose-dependent manner. Following cytotoxicity analysis, flow cytometric research of cell death was performed. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by confocal microscopy. High levels of cytotoxicity and decreased viable cell population have been detected in cancer cells after treatment. In addition, ROS formation was observed in PDT treated cancer cells. However, low levels of cell death and ROS formation were observed in non-tumorigenic cells. According to western blot data, PDT-mediated treatment was found to provide different expression patterns of the cleaved PARP1 protein. The presented study demonstrates that PDT-mediated treatment of newly synthesized phthalocyanines has significant anti-cancer effects on breast cancer cells and may induce different cell death pathways.
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17
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Schanne G, Henry L, Ong HC, Somogyi A, Medjoubi K, Delsuc N, Policar C, García F, Bertrand HC. Rhenium carbonyl complexes bearing methylated triphenylphosphonium cations as antibody-free mitochondria trackers for X-ray fluorescence imaging. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00542a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A convenient rhenium-based multimodal mitochondrial-targeted probe compatible with Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence nano-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Schanne
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- Ecole normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - Lucas Henry
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- Ecole normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - How Chee Ong
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Andrea Somogyi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- BP 48
- Saint-Aubin
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | - Kadda Medjoubi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- BP 48
- Saint-Aubin
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | - Nicolas Delsuc
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- Ecole normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- Ecole normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - Felipe García
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Helene C. Bertrand
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- Ecole normale supérieure
- PSL University
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18
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Chisholm DR, Hughes JG, Blacker TS, Humann R, Adams C, Callaghan D, Pujol A, Lembicz NK, Bain AJ, Girkin JM, Ambler CA, Whiting A. Cellular localisation of structurally diverse diphenylacetylene fluorophores. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9231-9245. [PMID: 32966518 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are increasingly used as reporter molecules in a wide variety of biophysical experiments, but when designing new compounds it can often be difficult to anticipate the effect that changing chemical structure can have on cellular localisation and fluorescence behaviour. To provide further chemical rationale for probe design, a series of donor-acceptor diphenylacetylene fluorophores with varying lipophilicities and structures were synthesised and analysed in human epidermal cells using a range of cellular imaging techniques. These experiments showed that, within this family, the greatest determinants of cellular localisation were overall lipophilicity and the presence of ionisable groups. Indeed, compounds with high log D values (>5) were found to localise in lipid droplets, but conversion of their ester acceptor groups to the corresponding carboxylic acids caused a pronounced shift to localisation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mildly lipophilic compounds (log D = 2-3) with strongly basic amine groups were shown to be confined to lysosomes i.e. an acidic cellular compartment, but sequestering this positively charged motif as an amide resulted in a significant change to cytoplasmic and membrane localisation. Finally, specific organelles including the mitochondria could be targeted by incorporating groups such as a triphenylphosphonium moiety. Taken together, this account illustrates a range of guiding principles that can inform the design of other fluorescent molecules but, moreover, has demonstrated that many of these diphenylacetylenes have significant utility as probes in a range of cellular imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Chisholm
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK. and Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Joshua G Hughes
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK. and Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK and Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Thomas S Blacker
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rachel Humann
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK and High Force Research Limited, Bowburn North Industrial Estate, Bowburn, Durham DH6 5PF, UK
| | - Candace Adams
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK.
| | - Daniel Callaghan
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK.
| | - Alba Pujol
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK.
| | - Nicola K Lembicz
- High Force Research Limited, Bowburn North Industrial Estate, Bowburn, Durham DH6 5PF, UK
| | - Angus J Bain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John M Girkin
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Carrie A Ambler
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK. and Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Whiting
- LightOx Limited, 65 Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, UK. and Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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19
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Abstract
One of the grand challenges in contemporary chemical biology is the generation of a probe for every member of the human proteome. Probe selection and optimization strategies typically rely on experimental bioactivity data to determine the potency and selectivity of candidate molecules. However, this approach is profoundly limited by the sparsity of the known data, the annotation bias often found in the literature, and the cost of physical screening. Recent advancements in predictive pharmacology, such as the application of multitask and transfer learning, as well as the use of biologically motivated, structure-agnostic features to characterize molecules, should serve to mitigate these issues. Computational modeling likely offers the only cost-effective approach to substantially increasing the bioactivity annotation density both on the local and global scale and thus, we argue, will need to make a substantial contribution if the ambitious goals of probing the human proteome are to be realized in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim James
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd. 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Adam Sardar
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd. 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Andrew Anighoro
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd. 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
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20
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Ju C, Dong S, Zhang H, Yao S, Wang F, Cao D, Xu S, Fang H, Yu Y. Subcellular distribution governing accumulation and translocation of pesticides in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126024. [PMID: 32004891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root uptake, translocation, and subcellular distribution of six pesticides (dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, imazethapyr, propiconazole, and chlorpyrifos) with Kow ranging from -0.549 to 4.7 were investigated in wheat to study transportation and accumulation of pesticides. The root bioconcentration factor (RCF) of pesticides decreased with water solubility (R2 = 0.6121) and increased with hydrophobicity (when the pH-adjusted log Kow > 2, R2 = 0.925), respectively. The translocation of neutral pesticides from roots to shoots increased positively with water solubility (R2 > 0.6484) but decreased with hydrophobicity (R2 > 0.8039). The subcellular fraction concentration factor (SFCF) increased linearly with hydrophobicity of the tested pesticides (R2 > 0.958). The log RCF was positively correlated with log SFCF in root cell walls (R2 = 0.9894) and organelles (R2 = 0.9786). Transportation of the pesticides from roots to stems and stems to leaves was adversely affected by the log SFCF of cell walls and organelles of roots (R2 > 0.7997) and stems (R2 > 0.6666), respectively. Hydrophobicity-dependent SFCF is a factor governing accumulation of pesticides in roots after uptake and their subsequent upward translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ju
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Suxia Dong
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Shijie Yao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Feiyan Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Duantao Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Shiji Xu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
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21
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Trünkle C, Lechner C, Korr D, Bouché L, Barak N, Fernández-Montalván A, Süssmuth RD, Reichel A. Concentration Dependence of the Unbound Partition Coefficient Kpuu and Its Application to Correct for Exposure-Related Discrepancies between Biochemical and Cellular Potency of KAT6A Inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:553-562. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.090563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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22
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Dubey R, Stivala CE, Nguyen HQ, Goo YH, Paul A, Carette JE, Trost BM, Rohatgi R. Lipid droplets can promote drug accumulation and activation. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:206-213. [PMID: 31932720 PMCID: PMC6989039 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic screens in cultured human cells represent a powerful unbiased strategy to identify cellular pathways that determine drug efficacy, providing critical information for clinical development. We used insertional mutagenesis-based screens in haploid cells to identify genes required for the sensitivity to lasonolide A (LasA), a macrolide derived from a marine sponge that kills certain types of cancer cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Our screens converged on a single gene, LDAH, encoding a member of the metabolite serine hydrolase family that is localized on the surface of lipid droplets. Mechanistic studies revealed that LasA accumulates in lipid droplets, where it is cleaved into a toxic metabolite by LDAH. We suggest that selective partitioning of hydrophobic drugs into the oil phase of lipid droplets can influence their activation and eventual toxicity to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Stivala
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Young-Hwa Goo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Antoni Paul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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23
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Louzoun‐Zada S, Jaber QZ, Fridman M. Guiding Drugs to Target‐Harboring Organelles: Stretching Drug‐Delivery to a Higher Level of Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Louzoun‐Zada
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Qais Z. Jaber
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
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24
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Louzoun-Zada S, Jaber QZ, Fridman M. Guiding Drugs to Target-Harboring Organelles: Stretching Drug-Delivery to a Higher Level of Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15584-15594. [PMID: 31237741 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ratio between the dose of drug required for optimal efficacy and the dose that causes toxicity is referred to as the therapeutic window. This ratio can be increased by directing the drug to the diseased tissue or pathogenic cell. For drugs targeting fungi and malignant cells, the therapeutic window can be further improved by increasing the resolution of drug delivery to the specific organelle that harbors the drug's target. Organelle targeting is challenging and is, therefore, an under-exploited strategy. Here we provide an overview of recent advances in control of the subcellular distribution of small molecules with the focus on chemical modifications. Highlighted are recent examples of active and passive organelle-specific targeting by incorporation of organelle-directing molecular determinants or by chemical modifications of the pharmacophore. The outstanding potential that lies in the development of organelle-specific drugs is becoming increasingly apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Louzoun-Zada
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Qais Z Jaber
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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25
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Li Y, Lu L, Wang L, Qu W, Liu W, Xie Y, Zheng H, Wang Y, Qi X, Hu M, Zhu L, Liu Z. Interplay of Efflux Transporters with Glucuronidation and Its Impact on Subcellular Aglycone and Glucuronide Disposition: A Case Study with Kaempferol. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5602-5614. [PMID: 30376625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucuronidation is a major process of drug metabolism and elimination that generally governs drug efficacy and toxicity. Publications have demonstrated that efflux transporters control intracellular glucuronidation metabolism. However, it is still unclear whether and how efflux transporters interact with UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in subcellular organelles. In this study, kaempferol, a model fluorescent flavonoid, was used to investigate the interplay of glucuronidation with transport at the subcellular level. Human recombinant UGTs and microsomes were utilized to characterize the in vitro glucuronidation kinetics of kaempferol. The inhibition of UGTs and efflux transporters on the subcellular disposition of kaempferol were determined visually and quantitatively in Caco-2/TC7 cells. The knockout of transporters on the subcellular accumulation of kaempferol in liver and intestine were evaluated visually. ROS and Nrf2 were assayed to evaluate the pharmacological activities of kaempferol. The results showed that UGT1A9 is the primary enzyme responsible for kaempferol glucuronidation. Visual and quantitative data showed that the UGT1A9 inhibitor carvacrol caused a significant rise in subcellular aglycone and reduction in subcellular glucuronides of kaempferol. The inhibition and knockout of transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), exhibited a marked increase in subcellular kaempferol and decrease in its subcellular glucuronides. Correspondingly, inhibition of UGT1A9 and transporters led to increased kaempferol and, consequently, a significantly enhanced ROS scavenging efficiency and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. In conclusion, the interplay of efflux transporters (P-gp, BCRP, and MRPs) and UGTs govern the subcellular exposure and corresponding pharmacological activity of kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China
| | - Linlin Lu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau (SAR) 999078 , PR China
| | - Liping Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China
| | - Wei Qu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China
| | - Wenqin Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 1838 , China
| | - Yushan Xie
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China
| | - Hongming Zheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China
| | - Ming Hu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China.,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau (SAR) 999078 , PR China
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26
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Fang Y, Lian X, Huang Y, Fu G, Xiao Z, Wang Q, Nan B, Pellois JP, Zhou HC. Investigating Subcellular Compartment Targeting Effect of Porous Coordination Cages for Enhancing Cancer Nanotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802709. [PMID: 30222252 PMCID: PMC6563816 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the key factors for successful subcellular compartment targeting for cargo delivery systems is of great interest in a variety of fields such as bionanotechnology, cell biology, and nanotherapies. However, the fundamental basis for intracellular transportation with these systems has thus far rarely been discussed. As a cargo vector, porous coordination cages (PCCs) have great potential for use in cancer nanotherapy and to elucidate fundamental insight regarding subcellular compartment targeting. Herein, it is shown that the transportation of PCC cargo vectors though various subcellular barriers of the mammalian cell can be manipulated by tuning the vector's electronic property and surface affinity. It is found that the PCCs become selectively aggregated at the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, or the nucleus, respectively. When a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor is delivered into the nucleus by a neutral and lipophilic PCC, the anticancer efficacy is dramatically improved. The findings shed light to tune the interactions at the "bio-nano" interface. This study provides a key strategy for future work in targeting specific cell organelles for cell imaging, cargo delivery, and therapy. This research also offers key insight into the engineering of nanoscopic materials for furnishing cell organelle-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xizhen Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Beiyan Nan
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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27
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Li Q, Zhou T, Wu F, Li N, Wang R, Zhao Q, Ma YM, Zhang JQ, Ma BL. Subcellular drug distribution: mechanisms and roles in drug efficacy, toxicity, resistance, and targeted delivery. Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:430-447. [PMID: 30270675 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1512614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
After administration, drug molecules usually enter target cells to access their intracellular targets. In eukaryotic cells, these targets are often located in organelles, including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and peroxisomes. Each organelle type possesses unique biological features. For example, mitochondria possess a negative transmembrane potential, while lysosomes have an intraluminal delta pH. Other properties are common to several organelle types, such as the presence of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or solute carrier-type (SLC) transporters that sequester or pump out xenobiotic drugs. Studies on subcellular drug distribution are critical to understand the efficacy and toxicity of drugs along with the body's resistance to them and to potentially offer hints for targeted subcellular drug delivery. This review summarizes the results of studies from 1990 to 2017 that examined the subcellular distribution of small molecular drugs. We hope this review will aid in the understanding of drug distribution within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ting Zhou
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Fei Wu
- b Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Na Li
- c Department of Chinese materia medica , School of Pharmacy , Shanghai , China
| | - Rui Wang
- b Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qing Zhao
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yue-Ming Ma
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- b Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
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28
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Hofstetter S, Beck A, Trapp S, Buchholz A. How To Design for a Tailored Subcellular Distribution of Systemic Agrochemicals in Plant Tissues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8687-8697. [PMID: 30024749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foliar-applied systemic agrochemicals require entrance into the plant vascular system or into specific subcellular compartments to reach their target in planta or to be imbibed by piercing/sucking pests. An inappropriate subcellular localization, like accumulation of aphicides in vacuoles, might lower the compound's efficiency due to reduced exposure to the target. Permeabilities and mass distributions of 16 compounds covering a broad range of properties were measured across a pH gradient in a PAMPA ("parallel artificial membrane permeability assay") system, providing experimental evidence for ion trapping of acids and bases in basic and acidic compartments, respectively. The results validated a predictive model which was then expanded to simulate a standardized plant cell (cytosol and vacuole) with a vascular system (phloem and xylem). This approach underlined that the absolute mass distribution across aqueous phases is defined by membrane retention, whereas the relative mass distribution is determined by the species (neutral, acidic, basic) of compounds. These processes depend largely on p Ka and log Kow of the test compounds, which subsequently determine the partitioning of the substances in plant cell compartments. The validated model can be used as a tool in agrochemistry research to tailor the subcellular distribution by chemistry design and to interpret biology results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Hofstetter
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , 4332 Stein , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Beck
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , 4332 Stein , Switzerland
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Technical University of Denmark , Miljoevej 113 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Anke Buchholz
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , 4332 Stein , Switzerland
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Benhamou RI, Bibi M, Berman J, Fridman M. Localizing Antifungal Drugs to the Correct Organelle Can Markedly Enhance their Efficacy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6230-6235. [PMID: 29575397 PMCID: PMC7035955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A critical aspect of drug design is optimal target inhibition by specifically delivering the drug molecule not only to the target tissue or cell but also to its therapeutically active site within the cell. This study demonstrates, as a proof of principle, that drug efficacy can be increased considerably by a structural modification that targets it to the relevant organelle. Specifically, by varying the fluorescent dye segment an antifungal azole was directed from the fungal cell mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the organelle that harbors the drug target. The ER-localized azole displayed up to two orders of magnitude improved antifungal activity and also dramatically reduced the growth of drug-tolerant fungal subpopulations in a panel of Candida species, which are the most prevalent causes of serious human fungal infections. The principle underlying the "target organelle localization" approach provides a new paradigm to improve drug potency and replenish the limited pipeline of antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael I Benhamou
- School of Chemistry, Raymond&Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Maayan Bibi
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Judith Berman
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond&Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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Benhamou RI, Bibi M, Berman J, Fridman M. Localizing Antifungal Drugs to the Correct Organelle Can Markedly Enhance their Efficacy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael I. Benhamou
- School of Chemistry, Raymond&Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Maayan Bibi
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Judith Berman
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond&Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
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31
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Bonhommeau S, Lecomte S. Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Tool for Nanoscale Chemical and Structural Characterization of Biomolecules. Chemphyschem 2017; 19:8-18. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bonhommeau
- University of Bordeaux; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires; CNRS UMR 5255; 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- University of Bordeaux; Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets; CNRS UMR 5248; Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
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32
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Wu A, Kolanowski JL, Boumelhem BB, Yang K, Lee R, Kaur A, Fraser ST, New EJ, Rendina LM. A Carborane-Containing Fluorophore as a Stain of Cellular Lipid Droplets. Chem Asian J 2017. [PMID: 28640518 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescent markers and probes greatly enhances biological investigations but relies on the provision of an array of fluorophores with diverse properties. Herein we report a novel carborane-containing coumarin, 5, which is sufficiently lipophilic to localise in cellular lipid droplets. In non-polar solvents which show comparable polarities to those of a lipid environment, compound 5 exhibits a fluorescence quantum yield two orders of magnitude greater than found in aqueous solvents, adding a further degree of selectivity to lipid droplet imaging. Compound 5 can stain lipid droplets in ex vivo adipocytes as well as in cultured cells, and can be utilised in flow cytometry as well as confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jacek L Kolanowski
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Badwi B Boumelhem
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kylie Yang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lee
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Stuart T Fraser
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Yang H, Li X, Cai Y, Wang Q, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. In silico prediction of chemical subcellular localization via multi-classification methods. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1225-1234. [PMID: 30108833 PMCID: PMC6072212 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical subcellular localization is closely related to drug distribution in the body and hence important in drug discovery and design. Although many in vivo and in vitro methods have been developed, in silico methods play key roles in the prediction of chemical subcellular localization due to their low costs and high performance. For that purpose, machine learning-based methods were developed here. At first, 614 unique compounds localized in the lysosome, mitochondria, nucleus and plasma membrane were collected from the literature. 80% of the compounds were used to build the models and the rest as the external validation set. Both fingerprints and molecular descriptors were used to describe the molecules, and six machine learning methods were applied to build the multi-classification models. The performance of the models was measured by 5-fold cross-validation and external validation. We further detected key substructures for each localization and analyzed potential structure-localization relationships, which could be very helpful for molecular design and modification. The key substructures can also be used as features complementary to fingerprints to improve the performance of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Xiao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Yingchun Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Qin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
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New insights into the intracellular distribution pattern of cationic amphiphilic drugs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44277. [PMID: 28281674 PMCID: PMC5345070 DOI: 10.1038/srep44277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) comprise a wide variety of different substance classes such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiarrhythmics. It is well recognized that CADs accumulate in certain intracellular compartments leading to specific morphological changes of cells. So far, no adequate technique exists allowing for ultrastructural analysis of CAD in intact cells. Azidobupramine, a recently described multifunctional antidepressant analogue, allows for the first time to perform high-resolution studies of CADs on distribution pattern and morphological changes in intact cells. We showed here that the intracellular distribution pattern of azidobupramine strongly depends on drug concentration and exposure time. The mitochondrial compartment (mDsRed) and the late endo-lysosomal compartment (CD63-GFP) were the preferred localization sites at low to intermediate concentrations (i.e. 1 μM, 5 μM). In contrast, the autophagosomal compartment (LC3-GFP) can only be reached at high concentrations (10 μM) and long exposure times (72 hrs). At the morphological level, LC3-clustering became only prominent at high concentrations (10 μM), while changes in CD63 pattern already occurred at intermediate concentrations (5 μM). To our knowledge, this is the first study that establishes a link between intracellular CAD distribution pattern and morphological changes. Therewith, our results allow for gaining deeper understanding of intracellular effects of CADs.
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van Onzen AHAM, Albertazzi L, Schenning APHJ, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L. Hydrophobicity determines the fate of self-assembled fluorescent nanoparticles in cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1626-1629. [PMID: 28097276 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The fate of small molecule nanoparticles (SMNPs) composed of self-assembling intrinsically fluorescent π-conjugated oligomers was studied in cells as a function of side-chain hydrophobicity. While the hydrophobic SMNPs remained intact upon cellular uptake, the more hydrophilic SMNPs disassembled and dispersed throughout the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H A M van Onzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. and Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Albertus P H J Schenning
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Kumar N, Drozdz MM, Jiang H, Santos DM, Vaux DJ. Nanoscale mapping of newly-synthesised phospholipid molecules in a biological cell using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2451-2454. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10226c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-destructive & label-free nanoscale mapping of newly-synthesised phospholipid molecules inside a biological cell is demonstrated using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haibo Jiang
- Centre for Microscopy
- Characterisation and Analysis
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley WA 6009
- Australia
| | | | - David J. Vaux
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology
- University of Oxford
- UK
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37
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Disney MD, Winkelsas AM, Velagapudi SP, Southern M, Fallahi M, Childs-Disney JL. Inforna 2.0: A Platform for the Sequence-Based Design of Small Molecules Targeting Structured RNAs. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1720-8. [PMID: 27097021 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of small molecules that target RNA is challenging yet, if successful, could advance the development of chemical probes to study RNA function or precision therapeutics to treat RNA-mediated disease. Previously, we described Inforna, an approach that can mine motifs (secondary structures) within target RNAs, which is deduced from the RNA sequence, and compare them to a database of known RNA motif-small molecule binding partners. Output generated by Inforna includes the motif found in both the database and the desired RNA target, lead small molecules for that target, and other related meta-data. Lead small molecules can then be tested for binding and affecting cellular (dys)function. Herein, we describe Inforna 2.0, which incorporates all known RNA motif-small molecule binding partners reported in the scientific literature, a chemical similarity searching feature, and an improved user interface and is freely available via an online web server. By incorporation of interactions identified by other laboratories, the database has been doubled, containing 1936 RNA motif-small molecule interactions, including 244 unique small molecules and 1331 motifs. Interestingly, chemotype analysis of the compounds that bind RNA in the database reveals features in small molecule chemotypes that are privileged for binding. Further, this updated database expanded the number of cellular RNAs to which lead compounds can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Disney
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Audrey M. Winkelsas
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Sai Pradeep Velagapudi
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Mark Southern
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Mohammad Fallahi
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jessica L. Childs-Disney
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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38
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Delivery of drugs to intracellular organelles using drug delivery systems: Analysis of research trends and targeting efficiencies. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Carey PR, Heidari-Torkabadi H. New techniques in antibiotic discovery and resistance: Raman spectroscopy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1354:67-81. [PMID: 26275225 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy can play a role in both antibiotic discovery and understanding the molecular basis of resistance. A major challenge in drug development is to measure the population of the drug molecules inside a cell line and to follow the chemistry of their reactions with intracellular targets. Recently, a protocol based on Raman microscopy has been developed that achieves these goals. Drug candidates are soaked into live bacterial cells and subsequently the cells are frozen and freeze-dried. The samples yield exemplary (nonresonance) Raman data that provide a measure of the number of drug molecules within each cell, as well as details of drug-target interactions. Results are discussed for two classes of compounds inhibiting either β-lactamase or dihydrofolate reductase enzymes in a number of Gram-positive or Gram-negative cell lines. The advantages of the present protocol are that it does not use labels and it can measure the kinetics of cell-compound uptake on the time scale of minutes. Spectroscopic interpretation is supported by in vitro Raman experiments. Studying drug-target interactions in aqueous solution and in single crystals can provide molecular level insights into drug-target interactions, which, in turn, provide the underpinnings of our understanding of data from bacterial cells. Thus, the applicability of X-ray crystallographic-derived data to in-cell chemistry can be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Carey
- Department of Biochemistry.,Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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40
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Rosania GR, Shedden K, Zheng N, Zhang X. Visualizing chemical structure-subcellular localization relationships using fluorescent small molecules as probes of cellular transport. J Cheminform 2013; 5:44. [PMID: 24093553 PMCID: PMC3852740 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-5-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To study the chemical determinants of small molecule transport inside cells, it is crucial to visualize relationships between the chemical structure of small molecules and their associated subcellular distribution patterns. For this purpose, we experimented with cells incubated with a synthetic combinatorial library of fluorescent, membrane-permeant small molecule chemical agents. With an automated high content screening instrument, the intracellular distribution patterns of these chemical agents were microscopically captured in image data sets, and analyzed off-line with machine vision and cheminformatics algorithms. Nevertheless, it remained challenging to interpret correlations linking the structure and properties of chemical agents to their subcellular localization patterns in large numbers of cells, captured across large number of images. Results To address this challenge, we constructed a Multidimensional Online Virtual Image Display (MOVID) visualization platform using off-the-shelf hardware and software components. For analysis, the image data set acquired from cells incubated with a combinatorial library of fluorescent molecular probes was sorted based on quantitative relationships between the chemical structures, physicochemical properties or predicted subcellular distribution patterns. MOVID enabled visual inspection of the sorted, multidimensional image arrays: Using a multipanel desktop liquid crystal display (LCD) and an avatar as a graphical user interface, the resolution of the images was automatically adjusted to the avatar’s distance, allowing the viewer to rapidly navigate through high resolution image arrays, zooming in and out of the images to inspect and annotate individual cells exhibiting interesting staining patterns. In this manner, MOVID facilitated visualization and interpretation of quantitative structure-localization relationship studies. MOVID also facilitated direct, intuitive exploration of the relationship between the chemical structures of the probes and their microscopic, subcellular staining patterns. Conclusion MOVID can provide a practical, graphical user interface and computer-assisted image data visualization platform to facilitate bioimage data mining and cheminformatics analysis of high content, phenotypic screening experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gus R Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Quignot N. Modeling bioavailability to organs protected by biological barriers. In Silico Pharmacol 2013; 1:8. [PMID: 25505653 PMCID: PMC4230447 DOI: 10.1186/2193-9616-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling gives access to drug concentration vs. time profiles in target organs and allows better interpretation of clinical observations of therapeutic or toxic effects. Physiologically-based PK (PBPK) models in particular, based on mechanistic descriptions of the body anatomy and physiology, may also help to extrapolate in vitro or animal data to human. Once in the systemic circulation, a chemical has access to the microvasculature of every organ or tissue. However, its penetration in the brain, retina, thymus, spinal cord, testis, placenta,… may be limited or even fully prevented by dynamic physiological blood-tissue barriers. Those barriers are both physical (involving tight junctions between adjacent cells) and biochemical (involving metabolizing enzymes and transporters). On those cases, correct mechanistic characterization of the passage (or not) of molecules through the barrier can be crucial for improved PBPK modeling and prediction. In parallel, attempts to understand and quantitatively characterize the processes involved in drug penetration of physiological barriers have led to the development of several in vitro experimental models. Data from such assays are very useful to calibrate PBPK models. We review here those in vitro and computational models, highlighting the challenges and perspectives for in vitro and computational models to better assess drug availability to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Quignot
- Bioengineering Department, Chair of Mathematical Modeling for Systems Toxicology, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Royallieu Research Center, Compiègne, 60200 France ; LA-SER, Strategy and Decision Analytics, 10 place de la Catalogne, Paris, 75014 France
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Satori CP, Henderson MM, Krautkramer EA, Kostal V, Distefano MM, Arriaga EA. Bioanalysis of eukaryotic organelles. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2733-811. [PMID: 23570618 PMCID: PMC3676536 DOI: 10.1021/cr300354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad P. Satori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Michelle M. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Elyse A. Krautkramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Vratislav Kostal
- Tescan, Libusina trida 21, Brno, 623 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry ASCR, Veveri 97, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mark M. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Edgar A. Arriaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
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Shi J, Chou B, Choi JL, Ta AL, Pun SH. Investigation of Polyethylenimine/DNA Polyplex Transfection to Cultured Cells Using Radiolabeling and Subcellular Fractionation Methods. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2145-56. [PMID: 23406286 DOI: 10.1021/mp300651q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the intracellular trafficking of nonviral vectors provides critical information that can guide the rational design of improved cationic systems for gene delivery. Subcellular fractionation methods, combined with radiolabeling, produce quantitative measurements of the intracellular trafficking of nonviral vectors and the therapeutic payload. In this work, differential and density-gradient centrifugation techniques were used to determine the intracellular distribution of radiolabeled 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine (bPEI)/plasmid DNA complexes ("polyplexes") in HeLa cells over time. By differential centrifugation, [(14)C]bPEI was found mostly in the lighter fractions whereas [(3)H]DNA was found mostly in the heavier fractions. A majority of the intracellular polymer (∼60%) and DNA (∼90%) were found in the nuclear fraction. Polymer and DNA also differed in their distribution to heavier and denser organelles (lysosomes, mitochondria) in density-gradient centrifugation studies. An unexpected finding from this study was that between 18 and 50% of the DNA applied to the cells became cell-associated (either with the cell membrane and/or internalized), while only 1-6% of the polymer did so, resulting in an effective N/P ratio of less than 1. These results suggest that a significant amount of cationic polymer is dissociated from the DNA cargo early on in the transfection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Shi
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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45
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Heller A, Brockhoff G, Goepferich A. Targeting drugs to mitochondria. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Marceau F, Bawolak MT, Lodge R, Bouthillier J, Gagné-Henley A, Gaudreault RC, Morissette G. Cation trapping by cellular acidic compartments: beyond the concept of lysosomotropic drugs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 259:1-12. [PMID: 22198553 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
"Lysosomotropic" cationic drugs are known to concentrate in acidic cell compartments due to low retro-diffusion of the protonated molecule (ion trapping); they draw water by an osmotic mechanism, leading to a vacuolar response. Several aspects of this phenomenon were recently reexamined. (1) The proton pump vacuolar (V)-ATPase is the driving force of cationic drug uptake and ensuing vacuolization. In quantitative transport experiments, V-ATPase inhibitors, such as bafilomycin A1, greatly reduced the uptake of cationic drugs and released them in preloaded cells. (2) Pigmented or fluorescent amines are effectively present in a concentrated form in the large vacuoles. (3) Consistent with V-ATPase expression in trans-Golgi, lysosomes and endosomes, a fraction of the vacuoles is consistently labeled with trans-Golgi markers and protein secretion and endocytosis are often inhibited in vacuolar cells. (4) Macroautophagic signaling (accumulation of lipidated and membrane-bound LC3 II) and labeling of the large vacuoles by the autophagy effector LC3 were consistently observed in cells, precisely at incubation periods and amine concentrations that cause vacuolization. Vacuoles also exhibit late endosome/lysosome markers, because they may originate from such organelles or because macroautophagosomes fuse with lysosomes. Autophagosome persistence is likely due to the lack of resolution of autophagy, rather than to nutritional deprivation. (5) Increased lipophilicity decreases the threshold concentration for the vacuolar and autophagic cytopathology, because simple diffusion into cells is limiting. (6) A still unexplained mitotic arrest is consistently observed in cells loaded with amines. An extended recognition of relevant clinical situations is proposed for local or systemic drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Marceau
- Centre de recherche en rhumatologie et immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec QC, Canada G1V 4G2.
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Zheng N, Tsai HN, Zhang X, Shedden K, Rosania GR. The subcellular distribution of small molecules: a meta-analysis. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1611-8. [PMID: 21774504 DOI: 10.1021/mp200093z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To explore the extent to which current knowledge about the organelle-targeting features of small molecules may be applicable toward controlling the accumulation and distribution of exogenous chemical agents inside cells, molecules with known subcellular localization properties (as reported in the scientific literature) were compiled into a single data set. This data set was compared to a reference data set of approved drug molecules derived from the DrugBank database, and to a reference data set of random organic molecules derived from the PubChem database. Cheminformatic analysis revealed that molecules with reported subcellular localizations were comparably diverse. However, the calculated physicochemical properties of molecules reported to accumulate in different organelles were markedly overlapping. In relation to the reference sets of DrugBank and PubChem molecules, molecules with reported subcellular localizations were biased toward larger, more complex chemical structures possessing multiple ionizable functional groups and higher lipophilicity. Stratifying molecules based on molecular weight revealed that many physicochemical properties' trends associated with specific organelles were reversed in smaller vs larger molecules. Most likely, these reversed trends are due to the different transport mechanisms determining the subcellular localization of molecules of different sizes. Molecular weight can be dramatically altered by tagging molecules with fluorophores or by incorporating organelle targeting motifs. Generally, in order to better exploit structure-localization relationships, subcellular targeting strategies would benefit from analysis of the biodistribution effects resulting from variations in the size of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Baik J, Rosania GR. Molecular imaging of intracellular drug-membrane aggregate formation. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1742-9. [PMID: 21800872 DOI: 10.1021/mp200101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clofazimine is a lipophilic antibiotic with an extremely long pharmacokinetic half-life associated with the appearance of crystal-like drug inclusions, in vivo. Here, we studied how clofazimine accumulates inside cells in the presence of supersaturating, extracellular concentrations of the drug (in the range of physiological drug concentrations). Based on a combination of molecular imaging, biochemical analysis and electron microscopy techniques, clofazimine mass increased inside cells in vitro, over a period of several days, with discrete clofazimine inclusions forming in the cytoplasm. These inclusions grew in size, number and density, as long as the drug-containing medium was replenished. With Raman confocal microscopy, clofazimine's spectral signature in these inclusions resembled that of amorphous clofazimine precipitates and was unlike that of clofazimine crystals. Additional experiments revealed that clofazimine first accumulated in mitochondria, with ensuing changes in mitochondrial structure and function. In turn, the degenerating organelles coalesced, fused with each other and condensed to form prominent drug-membrane aggregates (dubbed autophagosome-like drug inclusions or "aldis"). Like clofazimine, it is possible that intracellular drug-membrane aggregate formation is a common phenomenon underlying the reported phenotypic effects of many other small molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Baik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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