1
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Di R, Bansal KK, Rosenholm JM, Grohganz H, Rades T. Utilizing the allyl-terminated copolymer methoxy(poly(ethylene glycol))-block-poly(jasmine lactone) in the development of amorphous solid dispersions: A comparative study of functionalized and non-functionalized polymer. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124175. [PMID: 38685442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Molecular interactions are crucial to stabilize amorphous drugs in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Most polymers, however, have only a limited ability to form strong molecular interactions with drugs. Polymers tailored to fit the physicochemical properties of the drug molecule to be incorporated, for instance by allowing the incorporation of specific functional groups, would be highly sought-for in this regard. For this purpose, the novel allyl-terminated polymer methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-block-poly(jasmine lactone) (mPEG-b-PJL) has been synthesized and functionalized to potentially enhance specific drug-polymer interactions. This study investigated the use of mPEG-b-PJL in ASDs, using carvedilol (CAR), a weakly basic model drug. The findings revealed that the acidic functionalized form of the polymer (mPEG-b-PJL-COOH) indeed established stronger molecular interactions with CAR compared to its non-functionalized counterpart mPEG-b-PJL. Evaluations on polymer effectiveness in forming ASDs demonstrated that mPEG-b-PJL-COOH outperformed its non-functionalized counterpart in miscibility, drug loading ability, and stability, inferred from reduced molecular mobility. However, dissolution tests indicated that ASDs with mPEG-b-PJL-COOH did not significantly improve the dissolution behaviour compared to amorphous CAR alone, despite potential solubility enhancement through micelle formation. Overall, this study confirms the potential of functionalized polymers in ASD formulations, while the challenge of improving dissolution performance in these ASDs remains an area of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Di
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kuldeep K Bansal
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Turku, Finland.
| | - Holger Grohganz
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Tipduangta P, Chansakaow S, Tansakul P, Meungjai R, Dilokthornsakul P. Polymer Matrix and Manufacturing Methods in Solid Dispersion System for Enhancing Andrographolide Solubility and Absorption: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:688. [PMID: 38794350 PMCID: PMC11125128 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Andrographolide (ADG) has poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. This study systematically reviews the use of solid dispersion (SD) techniques to enhance the solubility and absorption of ADG, with a focus on the methods and polymers utilized. Methodology: We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus®, Embase and ScienceDirect Elsevier® up to November 2023 for studies on the solubility or absorption of ADG in SD formulations. Two reviewers independently reviewed the retrieved articles and extracted data using a standardized form and synthesized the data qualitatively. Results: SD significantly improved ADG solubility with up to a 4.7-fold increase and resulted in a decrease in 50% release time (T1/2) to less than 5 min. SD could also improve ADG absorption, as evidenced by higher Cmax and AUC and reduced Tmax. Notably, Soluplus-based SDs showed marked solubility and absorption enhancements. Among the five SD techniques (rotary evaporation, spray drying, hot-melt extrusion, freeze drying and vacuum drying) examined, spray drying emerged as the most effective, enabling a one-step process without the need for post-milling. Conclusions: SD techniques, particularly using Soluplus and spray drying, effectively enhance the solubility and absorption of ADG. This insight is vital for the future development of ADG-SD matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratchaya Tipduangta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.C.); (R.M.)
- The College of Herbal Pharmacy of Thailand, The Pharmacy Council of Thailand, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Sunee Chansakaow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.C.); (R.M.)
- The College of Herbal Pharmacy of Thailand, The Pharmacy Council of Thailand, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Pimpimon Tansakul
- The College of Herbal Pharmacy of Thailand, The Pharmacy Council of Thailand, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Rungarun Meungjai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Piyameth Dilokthornsakul
- Center for Medical and Health Technology Assessment (CM-HTA), Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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3
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Huang H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Guo Y, Hu C. Influence of Intermolecular Interactions on Crystallite Size in Crystalline Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2493. [PMID: 37896253 PMCID: PMC10610461 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystalline solid dispersions (CSDs) represent a thermodynamically stable system capable of effectively reducing the crystallite size of drugs, thereby enhancing their solubility and bioavailability. This study uses flavonoid drugs with the same core structures but varying numbers of hydroxyl groups as model drugs and poloxamer 188 as a carrier to explore the intrinsic relationships between drug-polymer interactions, crystallite size, and in vitro dissolution behavior in CSDs. Initially, we investigate the interactions between flavonoid drugs and P188 by calculating Hansen solubility parameters, determination of Flory-Huggins interaction parameters, and other methods. Subsequently, we explore the crystallization kinetics of flavonoid drugs and P188 in CSD systems using polarized optical microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. We monitor the domain size and crystallite size of flavonoids in CSDs through powder X-ray diffraction and a laser-particle-size analyzer. Finally, we validate the relationship between crystallite size and in vitro dissolution behavior through powder dissolution. The results demonstrate that, as the number of hydroxyl groups increases, the interactions between drugs and polymers become stronger, making drug crystallization in the CSD system less likely. Consequently, reductions in crystalline domain size and crystallite size become more pronounced, leading to a more significant enhancement in drug dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yao Liu
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yufei Guo
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Chunhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Yan Q, Liu Y, Hu C. Study on the regulation mechanism of effective glass transition temperature on the crystallization of crystalline solid dispersion. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2677-2689. [PMID: 37097607 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this investigation was to determine the mechanism of effective glass transition temperature (TgE) on the crystallization behavior and microstructure of drugs in crystalline solid dispersion (CSD). CSDs were prepared by rotary evaporation using ketoconazole (KET) as a model drug and the triblock copolymer poloxamer 188 as a carrier. The pharmaceutical properties of CSDs, such as crystallite size, crystallization kinetics, and dissolution behavior, were investigated to provide a foundation for studying the crystallization behavior and the microstructure of drugs in CSDs. According to classical nucleation theory, the relationship of treatment temperature-drug crystallite size-TgE of CSD was investigated. Voriconazole, a compound that is structurally similar to KET but with different physicochemical properties, was used to verify the conclusions. The dissolution behavior of KET was significantly enhanced compared to the raw drug due to smaller crystallite size. Crystallization kinetic studies revealed a two-step crystallization mechanism for KET-P188-CSD, in which P188 crystallized first and KET crystallized later. When the treatment temperature was near TgE, the drug crystallite size was smaller and more numerous, which suggests nucleation and slow growth. With the increase of temperature, the drug changed from nucleation to growth, and the number of crystallites decreased and the size of the drug increased. This result suggests it is possible to prepare CSDs with higher drug loading and smaller crystallite size by adjusting the treatment temperature and TgE, so as to maximize the drug dissolution rate. The VOR-P188-CSD maintained a relationship between treatment temperature, drug crystallite size, and TgE. The findings of our study demonstrate that TgE and the treatment temperature can be used to regulate the drug crystallite size and improve the drug solubility and dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Yan
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Guo M, Luo M, Cai T. Advances in the development of amorphous solid dispersions: The role of polymeric carriers. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100834. [PMID: 37635801 PMCID: PMC10450425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most effective approaches for delivering poorly soluble drugs. In ASDs, polymeric materials serve as the carriers in which the drugs are dispersed at the molecular level. To prepare the solid dispersions, there are many polymers with various physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available for use in ASD formulations. Polymer selection is of great importance because it influences the stability, solubility and dissolution rates, manufacturing process, and bioavailability of the ASD. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of ASDs from the perspectives of physicochemical characteristics of polymers, formulation designs and preparation methods. Furthermore, considerations of safety and regulatory requirements along with the studies recommended for characterizing and evaluating polymeric carriers are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Minshan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minqian Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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6
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Rajaram R, Lee YR, Angaiah S. Supramolecular assembly of benzocaine bearing cyclodextrin cavity via host-guest complexes on polyacrylonitrile as an electrospun nanofiber. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 225:115223. [PMID: 36623427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibers (NFs) can be encapsulated with cyclodextrins (CDs) based host-guest complexes (HCs) in order to enable many biological applications. Here, benzocaine (BNZ) forms HCs with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) that are co-precipitated and further added to polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution for making BNZ:β-CD-HCs/PAN NFs material with the aid of electrospinning technique. The marginal increase in absorbance and fluorescence intensity along with the shift in spectral maxima of BNZ in the presence of β-CD suggested the host-guest interaction between BNZ and β-CD. NFs showed a uniform and clean morphology in SEM images and interestingly, the ICs revealed that significantly thinner in terms of average fiber diameter (AFD) than those of free BNZ on PAN medium. BNZ molecule is completely included in the PAN surface as the result of NFs and thus, the original sharp peaks for the BNZ have vanished and the peaks are much broader for the BNZ and BNZ:β-CD-HCs. BNZ is also found to be a good candidate for anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic. The results showed an improved activity when it is in the form of HCs on a PAN medium. Making HCs of drugs could be significant in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamohan Rajaram
- Organic Materials Synthesis Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Electro-Materials Research Laboratory, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India.
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- Organic Materials Synthesis Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Subramania Angaiah
- Electro-Materials Research Laboratory, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India.
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7
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Passerini N. Investigating the physicochemical properties of solid dispersions based on semicrystalline carriers: A case study with ketoprofen. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122576. [PMID: 36596317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic semicrystalline carriers represent an alternative to amorphous polymers due to their low melting temperature, useful for the production of solid dispersions (SDs) by melting-based technologies. This research aims to compare SDs of ketoprofen (KET) and three different semicrystalline carriers (PEG, Poloxamer and Gelucire) regarding miscibility, phase behavior, molecular interactions and stability. KET was chosen owing to its low solubility and high glass forming ability. Estimation of drug-excipient miscibility was performed by Flory-Huggins theory. Negative Gibbs free energy indicated a spontaneous mixing of KET with the three carriers and miscibility in the order PEG > Poloxamer > Gelucire. SDs up to 40 % w/w of drug were produced by melting process at a temperature below KET melting point. Characterization of SDs was performed by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. In case of PEG and Poloxamer, the drug incorporation did not affect carrier crystallinity, while KET was in the amorphous state. Differently, KET retarded the crystallization of Gelucire and at high drug loadings the SDs were amorphous and semisolid. FT-IR analysis revealed a strong interaction between KET and the three carriers. Finally, PEG-based SDs above 20 % KET loading displayed drug crystallization after 6 months of storage; while Poloxamer and Gelucire-based SDs showed KET crystallization only at 40 % KET. Due to its less hydrophilic character and limited water uptake, Gelucire showed the best stability among the three excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bertoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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8
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Sun Z, Lin B, Yang X, Zhao B, Zhang H, Dong Q, Zhong L, Zhang S, Zhang M, Xu X, Dong H, Li H, Li L, Nie L, Zang H. Review of the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Drug Polymorphism. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:1340-1351. [PMID: 36567287 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221223113342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug polymorphism is an important factor affecting the drugs quality and clinical efficacy. Therefore, great attention should be paid to the crystal analysis of drugs with their researching and evaluating part. With the booming development of Raman spectroscopy in recent years, more and more crystal analysis investigations were based on vibrational spectroscopy. This review mainly discussed the qualitative and quantitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and pharmaceutical preparation with Raman spectroscopy. On basis of the determination of the vibration mode of drug molecules and the analysis of their chemical structure, this method had the advantages of universal, non-destructive, fast determination, low samples and cost, etc. This review provides theoretical and technical support for crystal structure, which are worth popularizing. It is expected that it will be helpful to relevant government management institutions, pharmaceutical scientific research institutions and pharmaceutical manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Boran Lin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangchun Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Dong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuhua Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hailing Dong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lian Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Nie
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hengchang Zang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
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Huanbutta K, Sangnim T, Minphimai R, Piriyaprasarth S, Limmatvapirat S, Sriamornsak P. Ultrasound-Assisted Anti-Solvent Crystallization of Ibuprofen: Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment and Additive. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Characterization of Novel Solid Dispersions of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder Using Thermo-Analytical Techniques. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) has been identified as the most important functional ingredient owing to its rich nutritional profile and healthy effects. The solubility and functional properties of this ingredient can be enhanced through solid dispersion technology. This study aimed to investigate the effects of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) 4000 and 6000 as hydrophilic carriers and solid dispersion techniques (freeze-drying, melting, solvent evaporation, and microwave irradiation) on the crystallinity and thermal stability of solid-dispersed Moringa oleifera leaf powders (SDMOLPs). SDMOLPs were dully characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The PXRD results revealed that the solid dispersions were partially amorphous with strong diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 19° and 23°. The calorimetric and thermogravimetric curves showed that PEGs conferred greater stability on the dispersions. The FTIR studyrevealed the existence of strong intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions between MOLP and PEG functional groups. MOLP solid dispersions may be useful in functional foods and beverages and nutraceutical formulations.
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Meng F, Paul SK, Borde S, Chauhan H. Investigating crystallization tendency, miscibility, and molecular interactions of drug-polymer systems for the development of amorphous solid dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:579-608. [PMID: 33651659 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1892747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization tendencies, thermal analysis [i.e. glass transition temperature (Tg)], crystallinity, and melting point depression, along with theoretical calculations such as solubility parameter, of five different drugs [i.e. curcumin (CUR), indomethacin (IND), flutamide (FLU), dipyridamole (DIP), and griseofulvin (GRI)] in the absence and presence of four different polymers in various drug-polymer ratios were determined and analyzed. Physical states of the drug in the solid dispersions (SDs) and their stability were characterized by X-ray diffraction and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Infrared (IR) and Raman were used in selected systems (i.e. CUR, DIP, and GRI systems) to explore the role of drug-polymer interactions in the amorphization of SDs. The crystallization tendencies of pure drugs were categorized as low (CUR, IND), moderate (FLU), and high (DIP, GRI). In the presence of selected polymers, the crystallization tendency of the drugs changed, though a high polymer concentration was required for high crystallization-tendency drugs [i.e. DIP and GRI (>50% w/w)]. Polymers showing a greater effect on the crystallization tendency of drugs were found to have higher drug-polymer miscibility and stronger molecular interactions. Drug-polymer systems selected from the investigation of physical mixtures formed stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASD). Furthermore, the rank order of the crystallization tendency of drug-polymer systems correlated well with those on miscibility and molecular interactions. Those rank orders also correlated well with the stability of prepared/reported SDs. Hence, the developed approach has significant potential to be a rational screening method for the development of amorphous SDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Meng
- Hovione Inc, East Windsor, NJ, USA
| | - Sagar Kumar Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shambhavi Borde
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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12
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Nair AR, Lakshman YD, Anand VSK, Sree KSN, Bhat K, Dengale SJ. Overview of Extensively Employed Polymeric Carriers in Solid Dispersion Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:309. [PMID: 33161493 PMCID: PMC7649155 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersion is the preferred technology to prepare efficacious forms of BCS class-II/IV APIs. To prepare solid dispersions, there exist a wide variety of polymeric carriers with interesting physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available at the disposal of a formulation scientist. Since the advent of the solid dispersion technology in the early 1960s, there have been more than 5000 scientific papers published in the subject area. This review discusses the polymeric carrier properties of most extensively used polymers PVP, Copovidone, PEG, HPMC, HPMCAS, and Soluplus® in the solid dispersion technology. The literature trends about preparation techniques, dissolution, and stability improvement are analyzed from the Scopus® database to enable a formulator to make an informed choice of polymeric carrier. The stability and extent of dissolution improvement are largely dependent upon the type of polymeric carrier employed to formulate solid dispersions. With the increasing acceptance of transfer dissolution setup in the research community, it is required to evaluate the crystallization/precipitation inhibition potential of polymers under dynamic pH shift conditions. Further, there is a need to develop a regulatory framework which provides definition and complete classification along with necessarily recommended studies to characterize and evaluate solid dispersions.
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Passerini N. Different BCS Class II Drug-Gelucire Solid Dispersions Prepared by Spray Congealing: Evaluation of Solid State Properties and In Vitro Performances. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060548. [PMID: 32545643 PMCID: PMC7356387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by semi-crystalline solid dispersions prepared by spray congealing in form of microparticles (MPs) is an emerging method to increase their oral bioavailability. In this study, solid dispersions based on hydrophilic Gelucires® (Gelucire® 50/13 and Gelucire® 48/16 in different ratio) of three BCS class II model compounds (carbamazepine, CBZ, tolbutamide, TBM, and cinnarizine, CIN) having different physicochemical properties (logP, pKa, Tm) were produced by spray congealing process. The obtained MPs were investigated in terms of morphology, particles size, drug content, solid state properties, drug-carrier interactions, solubility, and dissolution performances. The solid-state characterization showed that the properties of the incorporated drug had a profound influence on the structure of the obtained solid dispersion: CBZ recrystallized in a different polymorphic form, TBM crystallinity was significantly reduced as a result of specific interactions with the carrier, while smaller crystals were observed in case of CIN. The in vitro tests suggested that the drug solubility was mainly influenced by carrier composition, while the drug dissolution behavior was affected by the API solid state in the MPs after the spray congealing process. Among the tested APIs, TBM-Gelucire dispersions showed the highest enhancement in drug dissolution as a result of the reduced drug crystallinity.
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14
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Tsakiridou G, Reppas C, Kuentz M, Kalantzi L. A Novel Rheological Method to Assess Drug-Polymer Interactions Regarding Miscibility and Crystallization of Drug in Amorphous Solid Dispersions for Oral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11120625. [PMID: 31766731 PMCID: PMC6955678 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersions provide a key technology to formulate poorly water-soluble drugs, and a main task of early development is appropriate selection of polymer. This study investigates the use of a novel rheology-based approach to evaluate miscibility and interactions of drugs with polymers regarding amorphous solid drug dispersions for oral administration. Tacrolimus was used as model drug and hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethylcellulose, Soluplus®, polyethyleneglycol 6000, Poloxamer-188 (Koliphor-188), and Eudragit® S100 were used as excipients. Solvent-based evaporation methods were used to prepare binary solid dispersions of drug and polymer. Data of the dilute solution viscosimetry were compared with in silico calculations of the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP), as well as phase separation/crystallization data obtained from X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. HSP calculations in some cases led to false positive predictions of tacrolimus miscibility with the tested polymers. The novel rheology-based method provided valuable insights into drug-polymer interactions and likely miscibility with polymer. It is a rather fast, inexpensive, and robust analytical approach, which could be used complementary to in silico-based evaluation of polymers in early formulation development, especially in cases of rather large active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Tsakiridou
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Pharmathen S/A, 15125 Marousi, Greece;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Zografou, Greece;
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Zografou, Greece;
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland;
| | - Lida Kalantzi
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Pharmathen S/A, 15125 Marousi, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-66-04-300
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15
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Espinell JRH, López-Mejías V, Stelzer T. Revealing Polymorphic Phase Transformations in Polymer-Based Hot Melt Extrusion Processes. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2018; 18:1995-2002. [PMID: 31889927 PMCID: PMC6936767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The inadvertent occurrence of polymorphic phase transformations in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) during hot melt extrusion (HME) processes has been claimed to limit the application of this technique. Hence, the control of polymorphism would need to be addressed if there is any prospect of HME to be successfully implemented as an alternative solid dosage formulation strategy in integrated, continuous end-to-end pharmaceutical manufacturing settings. This work demonstrates that flufenamic acid (FFA), one of the most polymorphic APIs known, thus far, can be processed using temperature-simulated HME with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as polymeric carrier. At temperatures above the transition point of FFA forms III and I (42 °C), the induction time of the polymorphic phase transformation is longer than the average reported residence time in conventional HME processes (5 min). Moreover, it was demonstrated that thorough understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic design space for the PEG-FFA system leads to polymorphic control in the produced crystalline solid dispersions. Ultimately, this investigation helps to gain fundamental understanding of the processing needs of crystalline solid dispersions, which will lead to the broader application of HME as a continuous manufacturing strategy for drug products containing APIs prone to polymorphism, representing about 80% of all APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Hernández Espinell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Vilmalí López-Mejías
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Torsten Stelzer
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, United States
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16
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Van Duong T, Goderis B, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G. Microstructure of Pharmaceutical Semicrystalline Dispersions: The Significance of Polymer Conformation. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:629-641. [PMID: 29320195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure of pharmaceutical semicrystalline solid dispersions has attracted extensive attention due to its complexity that might result in the diversity in physical stability, dissolution behavior, and pharmaceutical performance of the systems. Numerous factors have been reported that dictate the microstructure of semicrystalline dispersions. Nevertheless, the importance of the complicated conformation of the polymer has never been elucidated. In this study, we investigate the microstructure of dispersions of polyethylene glycol and active pharmaceutical ingredients by small-angle X-ray scattering and high performance differential scanning calorimetry. Polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 2000 g/mol (PEG2000) and 6000 g/mol (PEG6000) exhibited remarkable discrepancy in the lamellar periodicity in dispersions with APIs which was attributed to the differences in their folding behavior. The long period of PEG2000 always decreased upon aging-induced exclusion of APIs from the interlamellar region of extended chain crystals whereas the periodicity of PEG6000 may decrease or increase during storage as a consequence of the competition between the drug segregation and the lamellar thickening from nonintegral-folded into integral-folded chain crystals. These processes were in turn significantly influenced by the crystallization tendency of the pharmaceutical compounds, drug-polymer interactions, as well as the dispersion composition and crystallization temperature. This study highlights the significance of the polymer conformation on the microstructure of semicrystalline systems that is critical for the preparation of solid dispersions with consistent and reproducible quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven , Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy , 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Bart Goderis
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F b2404, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven , Campus Arenberg, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 b2450, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven , Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Chan T, Ouyang D. Investigating the molecular dissolution process of binary solid dispersions by molecular dynamics simulations. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 13:248-254. [PMID: 32104398 PMCID: PMC7032239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolution molecular mechanism of solid dispersions still remains unclear despite thousands of reports about this technique. The aim of current research was to investigate the molecular dissolution mechanism of solid dispersions by molecular dynamics simulations. The formation of ibuprofen/polymer solid dispersions was modeled by the simulated annealing method. After that, the models of solid dispersions were immersed into the water box with 25–30 Å thicknesses and 50–100 ns MD simulations were performed to all systems. Simulation results showed various dissolution behaviors in different particle sizes and various polymers of solid dispersions. Small-sized particles of solid dispersions dissolved quickly in the water, while the large particles of PEG or PVP-containing solid dispersions gradually swelled in the dissolution process and drug molecules may aggregate together. In the dissolution process, the carboxylic groups of ibuprofen molecules turned its direction from polymer molecules to external water box and then the drug molecules left the polymer coils. At the same time, polymer coils gradually relaxed and became free polymer chains in the solution. In addition, solid dispersion with poloxamer could prevent the precipitate of drug molecules in the dissolution process, which is different from those of PEG or PVP-containing systems. This research provided us clear images of dissolution process of solid dispersions at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- TengIan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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18
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Swain RP, Subudhi BB. Effect of semicrystalline polymers on self-emulsifying solid dispersions of nateglinide: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:56-65. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1371739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Prasad Swain
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Maharajah’s College of Pharmacy, Vizianagaram, India
| | - Bharat Bhusan Subudhi
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
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19
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Maniruzzaman M, Ross SA, Dey T, Nair A, Snowden MJ, Douroumis D. A quality by design (QbD) twin-Screw extrusion wet granulation approach for processing water insoluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:496-505. [PMID: 28502896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Quality by Design (QbD) approach was used to identify the effect of formulation parameters in a twin screw wet extrusion granulation process for the manufacturing of ibuprofen (IBU) granules with increased dissolution rates. A fractional factorial Design of Experiment (DoE) was used to investigate the effect of the excipient composition, binder amount and liquid to solid (L/S) ratio (independent variables) on drug dissolution rates, median particle size diameter and specific surface area (dependent variables). The intra-granular addition of the binder in inorganic/polymer blends processed with ethanol as granulating liquids facilitated the formation of granules at various particle sizes. DoE regression analysis showed that all formulation parameters affect the dependent variables significantly. The enhanced dissolution rates were attributed not only to the IBU particle size reduction and adsorption in the porous inorganic network but also to the high specific surface area of the produced granules. Dynamic vapour sorption showed increased water absorption for granules with small particle size distribution and high specific surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Steven A Ross
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Tumpa Dey
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Arun Nair
- Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 12F, The Front Tower Shiba Koen, 2-6-3 Shibakoen, Minato-Ward, Tokyo, 105-0011, Japan
| | - Martin J Snowden
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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20
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Van Duong T, Reekmans G, Venkatesham A, Van Aerschot A, Adriaensens P, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G. Spectroscopic Investigation of the Formation and Disruption of Hydrogen Bonds in Pharmaceutical Semicrystalline Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1726-1741. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Gunter Reekmans
- Applied
and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Akkaladevi Venkatesham
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 b1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arthur Van Aerschot
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 b1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Applied
and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department
of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Arenberg, Kasteelpark Arenberg
44 b2450, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Elucidation of Compression-Induced Surface Crystallization in Amorphous Tablets Using Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) Microscopy. Pharm Res 2016; 34:957-970. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Van Duong T, Van den Mooter G. The role of the carrier in the formulation of pharmaceutical solid dispersions. Part I: crystalline and semi-crystalline carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1583-1594. [PMID: 27321133 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1198768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a consequence of the target and drug candidate identification process, drugs with higher hydrophobicity and/or lipophilicity are being selected for further development, leading to solubility and dissolution rate limited oral bioavailability, and hence potential failure of the intended therapeutic goal. Solid dispersions were introduced as a formulation strategy in the early 1960s to tackle this issue and are still an area of intensive research activity. Areas covered: There has been a shift in the type of carriers that were used in the formulation of solid dispersions as nowadays, amorphous carriers are most often used, whereas in early stages of solid dispersions development, crystalline and semi-crystalline carriers were most commonly applied. In this review, we will discuss several aspects related to the use of crystalline and semi-crystalline carriers such as their molecular and related physical structure, and their physical chemical properties related to formulation of poorly soluble drugs. Expert opinion: The inherent crystallinity of this type of carrier hinders the formation of high-load solid solutions as mainly the amorphous domains of a carrier are able to accommodate drug molecules. Hence these carriers are not currently first choice excipients to formulate solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Hanoi University of Pharmacy , Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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23
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Singh A, Van den Mooter G. Spray drying formulation of amorphous solid dispersions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 100:27-50. [PMID: 26705850 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Spray drying is a well-established manufacturing technique which can be used to formulate amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) which is an effective strategy to deliver poorly water soluble drugs (PWSDs). However, the inherently complex nature of the spray drying process coupled with specific characteristics of ASDs makes it an interesting area to explore. Numerous diverse factors interact in an inter-dependent manner to determine the final product properties. This review discusses the basic background of ASDs, various formulation and process variables influencing the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the ASDs and aspects of downstream processing. Also various aspects of spray drying such as instrumentation, thermodynamics, drying kinetics, particle formation process and scale-up challenges are included. Recent advances in the spray-based drying techniques are mentioned along with some future avenues where major research thrust is needed.
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24
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25
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Duong TV, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G. Crystallization Kinetics of Indomethacin/Polyethylene Glycol Dispersions Containing High Drug Loadings. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2493-504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department
of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Arenberg, Kasteelpark Arenberg
44 b2450, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Chen Z, Liu Z, Qian F. Crystallization of bifonazole and acetaminophen within the matrix of semicrystalline, PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:590-9. [PMID: 25569586 DOI: 10.1021/mp500661v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and microstructure of crystalline drug/polymer solid dispersions could influence their physical stability and dissolution performance. In this study, the drug crystallization mechanism within PEG, PPG, and poloxamer matrix was investigated, and the resultant microstructure of various solid dispersions of acetaminophen (ACM) and bifonazole (BFZ) in the aforementioned polymers was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and wide/small-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD/SAXS). With a stronger molecular interaction with the PEG segments, ACM decreased the crystallization onset temperature and crystallinity of PEG and poloxamers much more than BFZ. The stronger molecular interaction and better miscibility between ACM and PEG also induced a more defective lamellar structure in the ACM solid dispersions compared with that in the BFZ systems, as revealed by DSC and SAXS investigation. Observed under polarized optical microscopy, PEG, PPG, and poloxamer could all significantly improve the crystallization rate of ACM and BFZ, because of the largely reduced Tg of the solid dispersions by these low Tg polymers. Moreover, when the drug loading was below 60%, crystallization of BFZ in PEG or poloxamer occurred preferably along the radial direction of PEG spherulite, rather than the perpendicular direction, which was attributed to the geometric restriction of well-ordered polymer lamellar structure in the BFZ solid dispersions. Similar phenomena were not observed in the ACM solid dispersions regardless of the drug loading, presumably because ACM could diffuse freely across the perpendicular direction of the PEG spherulite, through the well-connected interlamellar or interfibrillar spaces produced by the defective PEG lamellar structure. The different drug-polymer interaction also caused a difference in the microstructure of polymer crystal, as well as a difference in drug distribution within the polymer matrix, which then synergistically facilitated a "confined crystallization" process to reduce the drug crystallite size below 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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27
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Physical stabilization of low-molecular-weight amorphous drugs in the solid state: a material science approach. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:817-41. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of the amorphous state is considered to be one of the most effective approaches for improving the dissolution and subsequent oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However as the amorphous state has much higher physical instability in comparison with its crystalline counterpart, stabilization of amorphous drugs in a solid-dosage form presents a major challenge to formulators. The currently used approaches for stabilizing amorphous drug are discussed in this article with respect to their preparation, mechanism of stabilization and limitations. In order to realize the potential of amorphous formulations, significant efforts are required to enable the prediction of formulation performance. This will facilitate the development of computational tools that can inform a rapid and rational formulation development process for amorphous drugs.
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28
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Hirshfield L, Giridhar A, Taylor LS, Harris MT, Reklaitis GV. Dropwise Additive Manufacturing of Pharmaceutical Products for Solvent-Based Dosage Forms. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:496-506. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Brown C, DiNunzio J, Eglesia M, Forster S, Lamm M, Lowinger M, Marsac P, McKelvey C, Meyer R, Schenck L, Terife G, Troup G, Smith-Goettler B, Starbuck C. Hot-Melt Extrusion for Solid Dispersions: Composition and Design Considerations. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1598-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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30
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Campbell KT, Craig DQM, McNally T. Modification of ibuprofen drug release from poly(ethylene glycol) layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by hot-melt extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleen T. Campbell
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Queens University Belfast; BT9 5AH United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Q. M. Craig
- University College London School of Pharmacy; 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX United Kingdom
| | - Tony McNally
- WMG; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL United Kingdom
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31
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Weatherley S, Mu B, Thompson MR, Sheskey PJ, O'Donnell KP. Hot-melt granulation in a twin screw extruder: effects of processing on formulations with caffeine and Ibuprofen. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:4330-6. [PMID: 24114922 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hot-melt granulation (HMG) by twin screw extrusion is a novel technology for the continuous processing of pharmaceuticals but confidence must still be gained regarding whether the environment affects drug properties. In this preliminary study, granulation was studied for a model product containing lactose monohydrate and active ingredients of differing water solubility, namely ibuprofen versus caffeine. The formulations were granulated at 220 rpm and 100°C with polyethylene glycol binders of differing molecular weights and at concentrations between 6.5% and 20%. In terms of granule properties, the low melting point of ibuprofen had a dominant influence by producing larger, stronger granules, whereas the caffeine products were more comparable to a blank containing no active ingredient. Drug degradation was study by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The only detected change was the dehydration of lactose monohydrate for the caffeine and blank products, whereas the lubricating influence of the ibuprofen protected its granules. The short residence time (∼60 s) was consider to be influential in minimizing damage of the drug despite the high temperature and shear attributed to HMG inside a twin screw extruder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharleen Weatherley
- MMRI/CAPPA-D, Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
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32
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Shi NQ, Lei YS, Song LM, Yao J, Zhang XB, Wang XL. Impact of amorphous and semicrystalline polymers on the dissolution and crystallization inhibition of pioglitazone solid dispersions. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shahzad Y, Sohail S, Arshad MS, Hussain T, Shah SNH. Development of solid dispersions of artemisinin for transdermal delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:197-205. [PMID: 24084449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersions of the poorly soluble drug artemisinin were developed using polymer blends of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the aim of enhancing solubility and in vitro permeation of artemisinin through skin. Formulations were characterised using a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Solubility of artemisinin was determined in two solvents: de-ionised water and phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4), while in vitro drug permeation studies were carried out using rabbit skin as a model membrane. MD simulations revealed miscibility between the drug and polymers. DSC confirmed the molecular dispersion of the drug in the polymer blend. Decrease in crystallinity of artemisinin with respect to polymer content and the absence of specific drug-polymer interactions were confirmed using XRD and FT-IR, respectively. The solubility of artemisinin was dramatically enhanced for the solid dispersions, as was the permeation of artemisinin from saturated solid-dispersion vehicles relative to that from saturated solutions of the pure drug. The study suggests that high energy solid forms of artemisinin could possibly enable transdermal delivery of artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Shahzad
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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Paudel A, Worku ZA, Meeus J, Guns S, Van den Mooter G. Manufacturing of solid dispersions of poorly water soluble drugs by spray drying: Formulation and process considerations. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:253-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhu Q, Toth SJ, Simpson GJ, Hsu HY, Taylor LS, Harris MT. Crystallization and dissolution behavior of naproxen/polyethylene glycol solid dispersions. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1494-500. [PMID: 23320811 DOI: 10.1021/jp3106716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystallization kinetics of naproxen (NAP) in NAP/polyethylene glycol (NAP/PEG) solid dispersions prepared at different crystallization temperatures was studied by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). It was found that the crystallization rate of NAP was faster at 25 °C in comparison to 40 °C. This resulted in different sizes of NAP domains, and consequently impacted the dissolution behavior. The sizes of NAP domains prepared at 40 °C were larger than those at 25 °C, as determined with surface area analysis, utilizing second-order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals (SONICC). Consistent with this observation, the corresponding dissolution rate of the NAP/PEG dispersion prepared at 40 °C was indeed slower than that prepared at 25 °C. The microstructure of the NAP/PEG solid dispersions and the dissolution behavior also showed a dependence on the chemical composition of the solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Ouyang D. Investigating the molecular structures of solid dispersions by the simulated annealing method. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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