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Yan X, Chen Q. Polyamidoamine Dendrimers: Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems in Glioma Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2022. [PMID: 39065339 PMCID: PMC11280609 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor, which is formed by the malignant transformation of glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. It has the characteristics of high incidence, high recurrence rate, high mortality and low cure rate. The treatments for glioma include surgical removal, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to the obstruction of the biological barrier of brain tissue, it is difficult to achieve the desired therapeutic effects. To address the limitations imposed by the brain's natural barriers and enhance the treatment efficacy, researchers have effectively used brain-targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) in glioma therapy. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, as branched macromolecular architectures, represent promising candidates for studies in glioma therapy. This review focuses on PAMAM-based DDSs in the treatment of glioma, highlighting their physicochemical characteristics, structural properties as well as an overview of the toxicity and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Qi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Medical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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2
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Sztandera K, Rodríguez-García JL, Ceña V. In Vivo Applications of Dendrimers: A Step toward the Future of Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:439. [PMID: 38675101 PMCID: PMC11053723 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the development of nanotechnology has allowed for the synthesis of many different nanostructures with controlled sizes, shapes, and chemical properties, with dendrimers being the best-characterized of them. In this review, we present a succinct view of the structure and the synthetic procedures used for dendrimer synthesis, as well as the cellular uptake mechanisms used by these nanoparticles to gain access to the cell. In addition, the manuscript reviews the reported in vivo applications of dendrimers as drug carriers for drugs used in the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and ocular diseases. The dendrimer-based formulations that have reached different phases of clinical trials, including safety and pharmacokinetic studies, or as delivery agents for therapeutic compounds are also presented. The continuous development of nanotechnology which makes it possible to produce increasingly sophisticated and complex dendrimers indicates that this fascinating family of nanoparticles has a wide potential in the pharmaceutical industry, especially for applications in drug delivery systems, and that the number of dendrimer-based compounds entering clinical trials will markedly increase during the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sztandera
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Instituto de Nanociencia Molecular, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Valentín Ceña
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Instituto de Nanociencia Molecular, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Hashemi M, Aparviz R, Beickzade M, Paskeh MDA, Kheirabad SK, Koohpar ZK, Moravej A, Dehghani H, Saebfar H, Zandieh MA, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Samarghandian S. Advances in RNAi therapies for gastric cancer: Targeting drug resistance and nanoscale delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115927. [PMID: 38006616 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer poses a significant health challenge, and exploring innovative therapeutic strategies is imperative. RNA interference (RNAi) has employed as an important therapeutic strategy for diseases by selectively targeting key pathways involved in diseases pathogenesis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA), a potent RNAi tool, possesses the capability to silence genes and downregulate their expression. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the potential applications of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA), supplemented by an in-depth analysis of nanoscale delivery systems, in the context of gastric cancer treatment. The potential of siRNA to markedly diminish the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells through the modulation of critical molecular pathways, including PI3K, Akt, and EMT, is highlighted. Besides, siRNA demonstrates its efficacy in inducing chemosensitivity in gastric tumor cells, thus impeding tumor progression. However, the translational potential of unmodified siRNA faces challenges, particularly in vivo and during clinical trials. To address this, we underscore the pivotal role of nanostructures in facilitating the delivery of siRNA to gastric cancer cells, effectively suppressing their progression and enhancing gene silencing efficiency. These siRNA-loaded nanoparticles exhibit robust internalization into gastric cancer cells, showcasing their potential to significantly reduce tumor progression. The translation of these findings into clinical trials holds promise for advancing the treatment of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvaneh Aparviz
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzie Beickzade
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Khorsand Kheirabad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Khazaei Koohpar
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Amir Moravej
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dehghani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saebfar
- European University Association, League of European Research Universities, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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4
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Synthesis, dynamics and applications (cytotoxicity and biocompatibility) of dendrimers: a mini-review. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Baoum AA. The fluorination effect on the transfection efficacy of cell penetrating peptide complexes. Plasmid 2022; 119-120:102619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2022.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Critical parameters for design and development of multivalent nanoconstructs: recent trends. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2335-2358. [PMID: 35013982 PMCID: PMC8747862 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A century ago, the groundbreaking concept of the magic bullet was given by Paul Ehrlich. Since then, this concept has been extensively explored in various forms to date. The concept of multivalency is among such advancements of the magic bullet concept. Biologically, the concept of multivalency plays a critical role in significantly huge numbers of biochemical interactions. This concept is the sole reason behind the higher affinity of biological molecules like viruses to more selectively target the host cell surface receptors. Multivalent nanoconstructs are a promising approach for drug delivery by the active targeting principle. Designing and developing effective and target-specific multivalent drug delivery nanoconstructs, on the other hand, remain a challenge. The underlying reason for this is a lack of understanding of the crucial interactions between ligands and cell surface receptors, as well as the design of nanoconstructs. This review highlights the need for a better theoretical understanding of the multivalent effect of what happens to the receptor-ligand complex after it has been established. Furthermore, the critical parameters for designing and developing robust multivalent systems have been emphasized. We have also discussed current advances in the design and development of multivalent nanoconstructs for drug delivery. We believe that a thorough knowledge of theoretical concepts and experimental methodologies may transform a brilliant idea into clinical translation.
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Surekha B, Kommana NS, Dubey SK, Kumar AP, Shukla R, Kesharwani P. PAMAM dendrimer as a talented multifunctional biomimetic nanocarrier for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cationic Dendrimers for siRNA Delivery: Computational Approaches for Characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33928581 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1298-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Nowadays, computer simulations have been established as a fundamental tool in the design and development of new dendrimer-based nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery. Moreover, the level of detail contained in the information that can be gathered by performing atomistic-scale simulations cannot be obtained with any other available experimental technique. In this chapter we describe the main computational toolbox that can be exploited in the different stages of novel dendritic nanocarrier production-from the initial conception to the stage of biological intermolecular interactions.
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Liu T, Lin M, Wu F, Lin A, Luo D, Zhang Z. Development of a nontoxic and efficient gene delivery vector based on histidine grafted chitosan. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1885407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology College, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aizhu Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Daoshu Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Laurini E, Aulic S, Marson D, Fermeglia M, Pricl S. Cationic Dendrimers for siRNA Delivery: An Overview of Methods for In Vitro/In Vivo Characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2282:209-244. [PMID: 33928579 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1298-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the different techniques for analyzing the chemical-physical properties, transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, and stability of covalent cationic dendrimers (CCDs) and self-assembled cationic dendrons (ACDs) for siRNA delivery in the presence and absence of their nucleic cargos. On the basis of the reported examples, a standard essential set of techniques is described for each step of a siRNA/nanovector (NV) complex characterization process: (1) analysis of the basic chemical-physical properties of the NV per se; (2) characterization of the morphology, size, strength, and stability of the siRNA/NV ensemble; (3) characterization and quantification of the cellular uptake and release of the siRNA fragment; (4) in vitro and (5) in vivo experiments for the evaluation of the corresponding gene silencing activity; and (6) assessment of the intrinsic toxicity of the NV and the siRNA/NV complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Suzana Aulic
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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11
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Lyu Z, Ding L, Tintaru A, Peng L. Self-Assembling Supramolecular Dendrimers for Biomedical Applications: Lessons Learned from Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2936-2949. [PMID: 33275845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers, notable for their well-defined radial structures with numerous terminal functionalities, hold great promise for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics. However, their translation into clinical use has been greatly impeded by their challenging stepwise synthesis and difficult purification.To circumvent these obstacles, we have pioneered a self-assembly approach to constructing noncovalent supramolecular dendrimers using small amphiphilic dendrimer building units which can be easily synthesized and purified. By virtue of their amphipathic nature, the small amphiphilic dendrimers are able to self-assemble and generate large supramolecular dendrimers via noncovalent weak interactions such as van der Waals forces, H bonds, and electrostatic interactions. The so-created noncovalent dendrimers can mimic covalent dendrimers not only in terms of the radial structural feature emanating from a central core but also in their capacity to deliver drugs and imaging agents for biomedical applications. The noncovalent supramolecular dendrimers can be easily synthesized and modulated with regard to size, shape, and properties by varying the nature of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic entities as well as the dendrimer generation and terminal functionalities, ensuring their adaptability to specific applications. In particular, the dendritic structure of the amphiphilic building units permits the creation of large void spaces within the formed supramolecular dendrimers for the physical encapsulation of drugs, while the large number of surface functionalities can be exploited for both physical and chemical conjugation of pharmaceutic agents for drug delivery.Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are the most intensively studied for biomedical applications by virtue of their excellent biocompatibility imparted by their peptide-mimicking amide backbones and numerous interior and terminal amine functionalities. We present a short overview of our self-assembly strategy for constructing supramolecular PAMAM dendrimers for biomedical applications. Specifically, we start with the introduction of dendrimers and their synthesis, focusing on the innovative self-assembly synthesis of supramolecular dendrimers. We then detail the representative examples of the noncovalent supramolecular PAMAM dendrimers established in our group for the delivery of anticancer drugs, nucleic acid therapeutics, and imaging agents, either within the dendrimer interior or at the dendrimer terminals on the surface. Some of the supramolecular dendrimer nanosystems exhibit outstanding performance, excelling the corresponding clinical anticancer therapeutics and imaging agents. This self-assembly approach to creating supramolecular dendrimers is completely novel in concept yet easy to implement in practice, offering a fresh perspective for exploiting the advantageous features of dendrimers in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Lyu
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 13288 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Ling Ding
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 13288 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), UMR 7339, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Aura Tintaru
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 13288 Marseille, France
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12
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Bahreyni A, Luo H. Advances in Targeting Cancer-Associated Genes by Designed siRNA in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3619. [PMID: 33287240 PMCID: PMC7761674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have provided novel insights into the field of cancer treatment in light of their ability to specifically target and silence cancer-associated genes. In recent years, numerous studies focus on determining genes that actively participate in tumor formation, invasion, and metastasis in order to establish new targets for cancer treatment. In spite of great advances in designing various siRNAs with diverse targets, efficient delivery of siRNAs to cancer cells is still the main challenge in siRNA-mediated cancer treatment. Recent advancements in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine hold great promise to meet this challenge. This review focuses on recent findings in cancer-associated genes and the application of siRNAs to successfully silence them in prostate cancer, as well as recent progress for effectual delivery of siRNAs to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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13
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Skwarecki AS, Nowak MG, Milewska MJ. Synthetic strategies in construction of organic macromolecular carrier-drug conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5764-5783. [PMID: 32677650 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many metabolic inhibitors, considered potential antimicrobial or anticancer drug candidates, exhibit very limited ability to cross the biological membranes of target cells. The restricted cellular penetration of those molecules is often due to their highhydrophilicity. One of the possible solutions to this problem is a conjugation of an inhibitor with a molecular organic nanocarrier. The conjugate thus formed should be able to penetrate the membrane(s) by direct translocation, endocytosis or active transport mechanisms and once internalized, the active component could reach its intracellular target, either after release from the conjugate or in an intact form. Several such nanocarriers have been proposed so far, including macromolecular systems, carbon nanotubes and dendrimers. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the current status of rational design and synthesis of macromolecular organic nanocarrier-drug conjugates, with special attention focused on the mode of coupling of a nanocarrier moiety with a "cargo" molecule through linking fragments of non-cleavable or cleavable type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał G Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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14
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Polyplexes for gene and nucleic acid delivery: Progress and bottlenecks. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105358. [PMID: 32360232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene and nucleic acid delivery constitute a huge biological challenge and several attempts have been made by research laboratories to address this issue. Cationic polymers and cationic lipids (positively charged carriers) can be utilized for the transport of these biomolecules. Polyplexes (PPs) are interpolyelectrolyte complexes which are spontaneously formed through the electrostatic condensation between nucleic acid and a cationic polymer. PPs are capable of high-density payload condensation leading to cell internalization and subsequent protection from enzymatic degradation. Most cationic polymers can cross extracellular barriers, but it is more challenging to overcome intracellular barriers (efficient disassembly and endosomal escape). In this review, the use of PPs for gene and nucleic acid delivery is discussed.
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15
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Fana M, Gallien J, Srinageshwar B, Dunbar GL, Rossignol J. PAMAM Dendrimer Nanomolecules Utilized as Drug Delivery Systems for Potential Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2789-2808. [PMID: 32368055 PMCID: PMC7185330 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s243155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a grade IV astrocytoma that maintains a poor prognosis with respect to current treatment options. Despite major advancements in the fields of surgery and chemoradiotherapy over the last few decades, the life expectancy for someone with glioblastoma remains virtually unchanged and warrants a new approach for treatment. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are a type of nanomolecule that ranges in size (between 1 and 100 nm) and shape and can offer a new viable solution for the treatment of intracranial tumors, including glioblastoma. Their ability to deliver a variety of therapeutic cargo and penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), while preserving low cytotoxicity, make them a favorable candidate for further investigation into the treatment of glioblastoma. Here, we present a systematic review of the current advancements in PAMAM dendrimer technology, including the wide spectrum of dendrimer generations formulated, surface modifications, core modifications, and conjugations developed thus far to enhance tumor specificity and tumor penetration for treatment of glioblastoma. Furthermore, we highlight the extensive variety of therapeutics capable of delivery by PAMAM dendrimers for the treatment of glioblastoma, including cytokines, peptides, drugs, siRNAs, miRNAs, and organic polyphenols. While there have been prolific results stemming from aggressive research into the field of dendrimer technology, there remains a nearly inexhaustible amount of questions that remain unanswered. Nevertheless, this technology is rapidly developing and is nearing the cusp of use for aggressive tumor treatment. To that end, we further highlight future prospects in focus as researchers continue developing more optimal vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fana
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
| | - John Gallien
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
| | - Bhairavi Srinageshwar
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
| | - Gary L Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
- Field Neurosciences Institute, St. Mary’s of Michigan, Saginaw, MI48604, USA
| | - Julien Rossignol
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI48859, USA
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16
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Gao YG, Lin X, Dang K, Jiang SF, Tian Y, Liu FL, Li DJ, Li Y, Miao ZP, Qian AR. Structure-activity relationship of novel low-generation dendrimers for gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:7833-7842. [PMID: 30084471 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies are very critical to design ideal gene vectors for gene delivery. However, It is difficult to obtain SAR information of low-generation dendrimers due to the lack of easy structural modification ways. Here, we synthesized a novel family of rigid aromatic backbone-based low-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. According to the number of primary amines, they were divided into two types: four-amine-containing PAMAM (DL1-DL5) and eight-amine-containing PAMAM (DL6-DL10). Due to the introduction of a rigid aromatic backbone, the low-generation PAMAM could be modified easier by different hydrophobic aliphatic chains. Several assays were used to study the interactions of the PAMAM dendrimers with plasmid DNA, and the results revealed that they not only had good DNA binding ability but also could efficiently condense DNA into spherical-shaped nanoparticles with suitable sizes and zeta potentials. The SAR studies indicated that the gene-transfection efficiency of the synthesized materials depended on not only the structure of their hydrophobic chains but also the number of primary amines. It was found that four-amine-containing PAMAM prepared from oleylamine (DL5) gave the best transfection efficiency, which was 3 times higher than that of lipofectamine 2000 in HEK293 cells. The cellular uptake mechanism mediated by DL5 was further investigated, and the results indicated that DL5/DNA complexes entered the cells mainly via caveolae and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, these low-generation PAMAMs modified with a single hydrophobic tail showed lower toxicity than lipofectamine 2000 in MC3T3-E1, MG63, HeLa, and HEK293 cells. These results reveal that such a type of low-generation polyamidoamines might be promising non-viral gene vectors, and also give us clues for the design of safe and high-efficiency gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, China.
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Evolution from Covalent to Self-Assembled PAMAM-Based Dendrimers as Nanovectors for siRNA Delivery in Cancer by Coupled In Silico-Experimental Studies. Part I: Covalent siRNA Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070351. [PMID: 31323863 PMCID: PMC6680565 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) represent a new approach towards the inhibition of gene expression; as such, they have rapidly emerged as promising therapeutics for a plethora of important human pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other disorders of a genetic etiology. However, the clinical translation of RNA interference (RNAi) requires safe and efficient vectors for siRNA delivery into cells. Dendrimers are attractive nanovectors to serve this purpose, as they present a unique, well-defined architecture and exhibit cooperative and multivalent effects at the nanoscale. This short review presents a brief introduction to RNAi-based therapeutics, the advantages offered by dendrimers as siRNA nanocarriers, and the remarkable results we achieved with bio-inspired, structurally flexible covalent dendrimers. In the companion paper, we next report our recent efforts in designing, characterizing and testing a series of self-assembled amphiphilic dendrimers and their related structural alterations to achieve unprecedented efficient siRNA delivery both in vitro and in vivo.
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Singh S, Maurya PK. Nanomaterials-Based siRNA Delivery: Routes of Administration, Hurdles and Role of Nanocarriers. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121101 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6004-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a potential alternative therapeutic approach to knock down the overexpression of genes in several disorders especially cancers with underlying genetic dysfunctions. For silencing of specific genes involved in cell cycle, small/short interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are being used clinically. The siRNA-based RNAi is more efficient, specific and safe antisense technology than other RNAi approaches. The route of siRNA administration for siRNA therapy depends on the targeted site. However, certain hurdles like poor stability of siRNA, saturation, off-target effect, immunogenicity, anatomical barriers and non-targeted delivery restrict the successful siRNA therapy. Thus, advancement of an effective, secure, and long-term delivery system is prerequisite to the medical utilization of siRNA. Polycationic nanocarriers mediated targeted delivery system is an ideal system to remove these hurdles and to increase the blood retention time and rate of intracellular permeability. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss the different biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic (organic, inorganic and hybrid) nanocarriers that encapsulate and shield the siRNA from the different harsh environment and provides the increased systemic siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Chandela A, Ueno Y. Systemic Delivery of Small Interfering RNA Therapeutics: Obstacles and Advances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.7831/ras.7.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Chandela
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
| | - Yoshihito Ueno
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
- Course of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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Huang W, Wang X, Wang C, Du L, Zhang J, Deng L, Cao H, Dong A. Structural exploration of hydrophobic core in polycationic micelles for improving siRNA delivery efficiency and cell viability. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:965-973. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Improving siRNA delivery efficiency often encounters a dilemma with poor or decreased biocompatibility for polycationic micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology
- Institute of Molecular Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Changrong Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Lili Du
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology
- Institute of Molecular Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Liandong Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Huiqing Cao
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology
- Institute of Molecular Medicine
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
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21
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Shen ZL, Tian WD, Chen K, Ma YQ. Molecular dynamics simulation of G-actin interacting with PAMAM dendrimers. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 84:145-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Urbiola K, Blanco-Fernández L, Ogris M, Rödl W, Wagner E, Tros de Ilarduya C. Novel PAMAM-PEG-Peptide Conjugates for siRNA Delivery Targeted to the Transferrin and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8010004. [PMID: 29315261 PMCID: PMC5872078 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transferrin (TfR) and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are known to be overexpressed on the surface of a wide variety of tumor cells. Therefore, the peptides B6 (TfR specific) and GE11 (targeted to the EGFR) were linked to the PAMAM (polyamidoamine) structure via a polyethylenglycol (PEG) 2 kDa chain with the aim of improving the silencing capacity of the PAMAM-based dendriplexes. The complexes showed an excellent binding capacity to the siRNA with a maximal condensation at nitrogen/phosphate (N/P) 2. The nanoparticles formed exhibited hydrodynamic diameters below 200 nm. The zeta potential was always positive, despite the complexes containing the PEG chain in the structure showing a drop of the values due to the shielding effect. The gene silencing capacity was assayed in HeLa and LS174T cells stably transfected with the eGFPLuc cassette. The dendriplexes containing a specific anti luciferase siRNA, assayed at different N/P ratios, were able to mediate a mean decrease of the luciferase expression values of 14% for HeLa and 20% in LS174T cells, compared to an unspecific siRNA-control. (p < 0.05). In all the conditions assayed, dendriplexes resulted to be non-toxic and viability was always above 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koldo Urbiola
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (K.U.); (L.B.-F.)
| | - Laura Blanco-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (K.U.); (L.B.-F.)
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Rödl
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) 80799 Munich, Germany; (W.R.); (E.W.)
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) 80799 Munich, Germany; (W.R.); (E.W.)
| | - Conchita Tros de Ilarduya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (K.U.); (L.B.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425600 (ext. 80-6375)
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Setten RL, Lightfoot HL, Habib NA, Rossi JJ. Development of MTL-CEBPA: Small Activating RNA Drug for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2018; 19:611-621. [PMID: 29886828 PMCID: PMC6204661 DOI: 10.2174/1389201019666180611093428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligonucleotide drug development has revolutionised the drug discovery field. Within this field, 'small' or 'short' activating RNAs (saRNA) are a more recently discovered category of short double-stranded RNA with clinical potential. saRNAs promote transcription from target loci, a phenomenon widely observed in mammals known as RNA activation (RNAa). OBJECTIVE The ability to target a particular gene is dependent on the sequence of the saRNA. Hence, the potential clinical application of saRNAs is to increase target gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. saRNA-based therapeutics present opportunities for expanding the "druggable genome" with particular areas of interest including transcription factor activation and cases of haploinsufficiency. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In this mini-review, we describe the pre-clinical development of the first saRNA drug to enter the clinic. This saRNA, referred to as MTL-CEBPA, induces increased expression of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα), a tumour suppressor and critical regulator of hepatocyte function. MTL-CEBPA is presently in Phase I clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical development of MTL-CEBPA will demonstrate "proof of concept" that saRNAs can provide the basis for drugs which enhance target gene expression and consequently improve treatment outcome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John J. Rossi
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA; Tel: 626-218-7390; Fax: 626-301-8371; E-mail:
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Du XJ, Wang ZY, Wang YC. Redox-sensitive dendrimersomes assembled from amphiphilic Janus dendrimers for siRNA delivery. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2122-2129. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A cationic redox-sensitive Janus dendrimer (ssJD) that self-assembles into redox-sensitive dendrimersomes (RSDs) to complex with siRNA can readily deliver siRNA into tumor cells, and then rapidly release siRNA in a reductive environment to down-regulate a targeted gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Du
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P.R. China
| | - Ze-Yu Wang
- International Department
- The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University
- Guangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yu-Cai Wang
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P.R. China
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25
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Wang C, Du L, Zhou J, Meng L, Cheng Q, Wang C, Wang X, Zhao D, Huang Y, Zheng S, Cao H, Zhang J, Deng L, Liang Z, Dong A. Elaboration on the Distribution of Hydrophobic Segments in the Chains of Amphiphilic Cationic Polymers for Small Interfering RNA Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32463-32474. [PMID: 28862422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobization of cationic polymers, as an efficient strategy, had been widely developed in the structure of cationic polymer micelles to improve the delivery efficiency of nucleic acids. However, the distribution of hydrophobic segments in the polymer chains is rarely considered. Here, we have elaborated three types of hydrophobized polyethylene glycol (PEG)-blocked cationic polymers with different distributions of the hydrophobic segments in the polymer chains PEG-PAM-PDP (E-A-D), PEG-PDP-PAM (E-D-A), and PEG-P(AM/DP) (E-(A/D)), which were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of methoxy PEG, cationic monomer aminoethyl methacrylate, and pH-sensitive hydrophobic monomer 2-diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate, respectively. In aqueous solution, all of the three copolymers, E-A-D, E-D-A, and E-(A/D), were able to spontaneously form nanosized micelles (100-150 nm) (ME-A-D, ME-D-A, and ME-(A/D)) and well-incorporated small interfering RNA (siRNA) into complex micelles (CMs). The effect of distributions of the hydrophobic segments on siRNA delivery had been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Compared with ME-D-A and ME-(A/D), ME-A-D showed the best siRNA binding capacity to form stable ME-A-D/siRNA CMs less than 100 nm, mediated the best gene-silencing efficiency and inhibition effect of tumor cell growth in vitro, and showed better liver gene-silencing effect in vivo. In the case of ME-(A/D) with a random distribution of cationic and hydrophobic segments, a gene-silencing efficiency higher than Lipo2000 but lesser than ME-A-D and ME-D-A was obtained. As the mole ratio of positive and negative charges increased, ME-D-A/siRNA and ME-A-D/siRNA showed similar performances in size, zeta potential, cell uptake, and gene silencing, but ME-(A/D)/siRNA showed reversed performances. In addition, ME-A-D as the best siRNA carrier was evaluated in the tumor tissue in the xenograft murine model and showed good anticancer capacity. Obviously, the distribution of the hydrophobic segments in the amphiphilic cationic polymer chains should be seriously considered in the design of siRNA vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrong Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Junhui Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | | | - Chun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | | | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | | | | | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liandong Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zicai Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhang Q, Madden NE, Wong AST, Chow BKC, Lee LTO. The Role of Endocrine G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ovarian Cancer Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:66. [PMID: 28439256 PMCID: PMC5383648 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women and the most lethal gynecological cancer, causing over 151,000 deaths worldwide each year. Dysregulated production of endocrine hormones, known to have pluripotent effects on cell function through the activation of receptor signaling pathways, is believed to be a high-risk factor for ovarian cancer. An increasing body of evidence suggests that endocrine G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in the progression and metastasis of ovarian neoplasms. GPCRs are attractive drug targets because their activities are regulated by more than 25% of all drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, understanding the role of endocrine GPCRs during ovarian cancer progression and metastasis will allow for the development of novel strategies to design effective chemotherapeutic drugs against malignant ovarian tumors. In this review, we address the signaling pathways and functional roles of several key endocrine GPCRs that are related to the cause, progression, and metastasis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Nadine Ellen Madden
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
- *Correspondence: Leo Tsz On Lee,
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Karandish F, Haldar M, You S, Brooks A, Brooks BD, Guo B, Choi Y, Mallik S. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeted Polymersomes for Delivering Mocetinostat and Docetaxel to Prostate Cancer Cell Spheroids. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:952-962. [PMID: 27917408 PMCID: PMC5131327 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells overexpress the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) receptors on the surface. Targeting the PSMA receptor creates a unique opportunity for drug delivery. Docetaxel is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for treating metastatic and androgen-independent prostate cancer, and mocetinostat is a potent inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases. In this study, we prepared reduction-sensitive polymersomes presenting folic acid on the surface and encapsulating either docetaxel or mocetinostat. The presence of folic acid allowed efficient targeting of the PSMA receptor and subsequent internalization of the polymeric vesicles in cultured LNCaP prostate cancer cell spheroids. The intracellular reducing agents efficiently released docetaxel and mocetinostat from the polymersomes. The combination of the two drug-encapsulated polymersome formulations significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the viability of the LNCaP cells (compared to free drugs or control) in three-dimensional spheroid cultures. The calculated combination index value indicated a synergistic effect for the combination of mocetinostat and docetaxel. Thus, our PSMA-targeted drug-encapsulated polymersomes has the potential to lead to a new direction in prostate cancer therapy that decreases the toxicity and increases the efficacy of the drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Karandish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1401 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Manas
K. Haldar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1401 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Seungyong You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1401 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Amanda
E. Brooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1401 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Brooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1401 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1401 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1401 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1401 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
- E-mail:
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Kwok A, Eggimann GA, Heitz M, Reymond JL, Hollfelder F, Darbre T. Efficient Transfection of siRNA by Peptide Dendrimer-Lipid Conjugates. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2223-2229. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Kwok
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Cambridge; 80 Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1GA UK
| | - Gabriela A. Eggimann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bern; Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Marc Heitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bern; Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bern; Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Cambridge; 80 Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1GA UK
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bern; Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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Xu L, Kittrell S, Yeudall WA, Yang H. Folic acid-decorated polyamidoamine dendrimer mediates selective uptake and high expression of genes in head and neck cancer cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2959-2973. [PMID: 27781559 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Folic acid (FA)-decorated polyamidoamine dendrimer G4 (G4-FA) was synthesized and studied for targeted delivery of genes to head and neck cancer cells expressing high levels of folate receptors (FRs). METHODS Cellular uptake, targeting specificity, cytocompatibility and transfection efficiency were evaluated. RESULTS G4-FA competes with free FA for the same binding site. G4-FA facilitates the cellular uptake of DNA plasmids in a FR-dependent manner and selectively delivers plasmids to FR-high cells, leading to enhanced gene expression. CONCLUSION G4-FA is a suitable vector to deliver genes selectively to head and neck cancer cells. The fundamental understandings of G4-FA as a vector and its encouraging transfection results for head and neck cancer cells provided support for its further testing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Xu
- Department of Chemical & Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shannon Kittrell
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - W Andrew Yeudall
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical & Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Cooper BM, Putnam D. Polymers for siRNA Delivery: A Critical Assessment of Current Technology Prospects for Clinical Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1837-1850. [PMID: 33440520 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of polymer-based vectors for siRNA delivery in clinical trials lags behind other delivery strategies; however, the molecular architectures and chemical compositions available to polymers make them attractive candidates for further exploration. Polymer vectors are extensively investigated in academic laboratories worldwide with fundamental progress having recently been made in the areas of high-throughput screening, synthetic methods, cellular internalization, endosomal escape and computational prediction and analysis. This review assesses recent advances within the field and highlights relevant developments from within the complementary fields of nanotechnology and protein chemistry with the intent to propose future work that addresses key gaps within the current body of knowledge, potentially advancing the development of the next generation of polymeric vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey M Cooper
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Abstract
Small interfering RNA (SiRNA) delivery remains a major challenge in RNAi-based therapy. Dendrimers are emerging as appealing nonviral vectors for SiRNA delivery thanks to their well-defined architecture and their unique cooperativity and multivalency confined within a nanostructure. We have recently demonstrated that structurally flexible poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are safe and effective nanovectors for SiRNA delivery in various disease models in vitro and in vivo. The present chapter showcases these dendrimers can package different SiRNA molecules into stable and nanosized particles, which protect SiRNA from degradation and promote cellular uptake of SiRNA, resulting in potent gene silencing at both mRNA and protein level in the prostate cancer cell model. Our results demonstrate this set of flexible PAMAM dendrimers are indeed safe and effective nonviral vectors for SiRNA delivery and hold great promise for further applications in functional genomics and RNAi-based therapies.
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Tailoring the dendrimer core for efficient gene delivery. Acta Biomater 2016; 35:1-11. [PMID: 26923528 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers have been widely used as non-viral gene vectors due to well-defined chemical structures, high density of cationic charges and ease of surface modification. Although a large number of studies have reported the important roles of dendrimer architecture, component, generation and surface functionality in gene delivery, the effect of dendrimer core on this issue still remains unclear. Recent literatures suggest that a slight alternation in dendrimer core has a profound effect in the transfection efficacy and biocompatibility. In this review, we will discuss the transfection mechanism of dendrimers with different types of cores in respect of flexibility, hydrophobicity and functionality. We hope to open a possibility of designing efficient dendrimers for gene delivery by choosing a proper dendrimer core. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE As a branch of researches on dendrimers and dendritic polymers, the design of biocompatible and high efficient polymeric gene carriers has attracted increasing attentions during these years. Although the effect of dendrimer generation, species, architecture and surface functionality on gene delivery have been widely reported, the effect of dendrimer core on this issue still remains unclear. Recent literatures suggest that a minor variation on the dendrimer core has a profound effect in the transfection efficacy and biocompatibility. This critical review summarized the dendrimers with different types of cores and discussed the transfection mechanism with particular focus on the flexibility, hydrophobicity, and functionality. It is hoped to provide a new insight to design efficient and safe dendrimer-based gene vectors by choosing a proper core. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review on the effect of dendrimer core on gene delivery. The findings obtained in this filed are of central importance in the design of efficient polymeric gene vectors. This article will appeal a wide readership such as physical chemist, dendrimer chemist, biological chemist, pharmaceutical scientist, and biomaterial researchers. We hope that this review article can be published by Acta Biomaterialia, a top journal that publishes important reviews in the field of biomaterials science.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review presents recent developments in the use of nonviral vectors and transfer technologies in cancer gene therapy. Tremendous progress has been made in developing cancer gene therapy in ways that could be applicable to treatments. Numerous efforts are focused on methods of attacking known and novel targets more efficiently and specifically. In parallel to progress in nonviral vector design and delivery technologies, important achievements have been accomplished for suicide, gene replacement, gene suppression and immunostimulatory therapies. New nonviral cancer gene therapies have been developed based on emerging RNAi (si/shRNA-, miRNA) or ODN. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of recent gene therapeutic strategies in which nonviral vectors have been used experimentally and in clinical trials. Furthermore, we present current developments in nonviral vector systems in association with important chemical and physical gene delivery technologies and their potential for the future. EXPERT OPINION Nonviral gene therapy has maintained its position as an approach for treating cancer. This is reflected by the fact that more than 17% of all gene therapy trials employ nonviral approaches. Thus, nonviral vectors have emerged as a clinical alternative to viral vectors for the appropriate expression and delivery of therapeutic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pahle
- a Experimental and Clinical Research Center , Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Moelcular Medicine , Berlin , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- a Experimental and Clinical Research Center , Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Moelcular Medicine , Berlin , Germany
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Shakya A, Dougherty CA, Xue Y, Al-Hashimi HM, Banaszak Holl MM. Rapid Exchange Between Free and Bound States in RNA-Dendrimer Polyplexes: Implications on the Mechanism of Delivery and Release. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:154-64. [PMID: 26595195 PMCID: PMC5070374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A combination of solution NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence quenching assays were employed to obtain insights into the dynamics and structural features of a polyplex system consisting of HIV-1 transactivation response element (TAR) and PEGylated generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (G5-PEG). NMR chemical shift mapping and (13)C spin relaxation based dynamics measurements depict the polyplex system as a highly dynamic assembly where the RNA, with its local structure and dynamics preserved, rapidly exchanges (
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Shakya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Casey A. Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Yi Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hashim M. Al-Hashimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Yu JC, Zhu S, Feng PJ, Qian CG, Huang J, Sun MJ, Shen QD. Cationic fluorescent polymer core-shell nanoparticles for encapsulation, delivery, and non-invasively tracking the intracellular release of siRNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2976-9. [PMID: 25597349 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional nanocarrier for encapsulation and delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been realized using cationic fluorescent polymer core-shell nanoparticles. The nanocarrier has good biocompatibility and high transfection efficiency over the most popular transfection reagent, Lipofectamine 2000. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer within the nanocarrier provides a non-invasive and label-free method to track the intracellular release of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cheng Yu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Lee SJ, Yook S, Yhee JY, Yoon HY, Kim MG, Ku SH, Kim SH, Park JH, Jeong JH, Kwon IC, Lee S, Lee H, Kim K. Co-delivery of VEGF and Bcl-2 dual-targeted siRNA polymer using a single nanoparticle for synergistic anti-cancer effects in vivo. J Control Release 2015; 220:631-41. [PMID: 26307351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease which involves complex genetic mutation and dysregulation. Combinatorial RNAi technology and concurrent multiple gene silencing are expected to provide advanced strategies for effective cancer therapy, but a safe and effective carrier system is a prerequisite to successful siRNA delivery in vivo. We previously developed an effective tumor-targeting siRNA delivery system for in vivo application. In response to the success of this development, herein we present a dual-gene targeted siRNA and its delivery system, to achieve synergistic effects in cancer therapy. Two different sequences of siRNA were chemically modified to be randomly copolymerized in a single backbone of siRNA polymer (Dual-poly-siRNA), and the resulting Dual-poly-siRNA was incorporated into tumor-homing glycol chitosan nanoparticles. Based on the stability in serum and delivery in a tumor-targeted manner, intravenously administered Dual-poly-siRNA carrying glycol chitosan nanoparticles (Dual-NP) demonstrated successful dual-gene silencing in tumors. Notably, co-delivery of VEGF and Bcl-2 targeting siRNA led to more effective cancer therapy for convenient application.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jin Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Yhee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwan 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Goo Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Hee Ku
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwan 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST School, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Lee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
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miRNA-based therapies: strategies and delivery platforms for oligonucleotide and non-oligonucleotide agents. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1967-84. [PMID: 25495987 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of miRNAs as important regulatory agents for gene expression has expanded the therapeutic opportunities for oligonucleotides. In contrast to siRNA, miRNA-targeted therapy is able to influence not only a single gene, but entire cellular pathways or processes. It is possible to supplement downregulated or non-functional miRNAs by synthetic oligonucleotides, as well as alleviating effects caused by overexpression of malignant miRNAs through artificial antagonists, either oligonucleotides or small molecules. Chemical oligonucleotide modifications together with an efficient delivery system seem to be mandatory for successful therapeutic application. While miRNA-based therapy benefits from the decades of research spent on other therapeutic oligonucleotides, there are some specific challenges associated with miRNA therapy, mainly caused by the short target sequence. The current status and recent progress of miRNA-targeted therapeutics is described and future challenges and potential applications in treatment of cancer and viral infections are discussed.
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Somani S, Dufès C. Applications of dendrimers for brain delivery and cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:2403-14. [PMID: 25413857 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are emerging as potential nonviral vectors for the efficient delivery of drugs and nucleic acids to the brain and cancer cells. These polymers are highly branched, 3D macromolecules with modifiable surface functionalities and available internal cavities that make them attractive as delivery systems for drug and gene delivery applications. This article highlights the recent therapeutic advances resulting from the use of dendrimers for brain targeting and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
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Bugno J, Hsu HJ, Hong S. Recent advances in targeted drug delivery approaches using dendritic polymers. Biomater Sci 2015; 3:1025-34. [PMID: 26221937 PMCID: PMC4519693 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since they were first synthesized over 30 years ago, dendrimers have seen rapid translation into various biomedical applications. A number of reports have not only demonstrated their clinical utility, but also revealed novel design approaches and strategies based on the elucidation of underlying mechanisms governing their biological interactions. This review focuses on presenting the latest advances in dendrimer design, discussing the current mechanistic understandings, and highlighting recent developments and targeted approaches using dendrimers in drug/gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bugno
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Messaoudi K, Clavreul A, Lagarce F. Toward an effective strategy in glioblastoma treatment. Part II: RNA interference as a promising way to sensitize glioblastomas to temozolomide. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:772-9. [PMID: 25892456 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a strategy of gene regulation that has opened up many opportunities for the treatment of cancers, especially glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This strategy reduced the expression of many proteins involved in the resistance of these tumors to anticancer drugs, particularly to temozolomide (TMZ). A significant research effort has gone into RNAi delivery and target selection for clinical application of this new discovery in the treatment of GBMs. However, some limitations must be resolved to enhance the safety of RNAi-based therapeutics and to reduce their immune response. In this review, the mechanism of RNAi will be described. Moreover, the opportunities offered by RNAi strategy to reverse the phenotype of these tumor cells as well as prospects and challenges ahead in the RNAi-based therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Messaoudi
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomédicines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Anne Clavreul
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomédicines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Lagarce
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomédicines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France; Service Pharmacie, CHU Angers, France.
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Wu LP, Ficker M, Christensen JB, Trohopoulos PN, Moghimi SM. Dendrimers in Medicine: Therapeutic Concepts and Pharmaceutical Challenges. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1198-211. [PMID: 25654320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are three-dimensional macromolecular structures originating from a central core molecule and surrounded by successive addition of branching layers (generation). These structures exhibit a high degree of molecular uniformity, narrow molecular weight distribution, tunable size and shape characteristics, as well as multivalency. Collectively, these physicochemical characteristics together with advancements in design of biodegradable backbones have conferred many applications to dendrimers in formulation science and nanopharmaceutical developments. These have included the use of dendrimers as pro-drugs and vehicles for solubilization, encapsulation, complexation, delivery, and site-specific targeting of small-molecule drugs, biopharmaceuticals, and contrast agents. We briefly review these advances, paying particular attention to attributes that make dendrimers versatile for drug formulation as well as challenging issues surrounding the future development of dendrimer-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ping Wu
- †Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mario Ficker
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jørn B Christensen
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Seyed Moein Moghimi
- †Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,∥NanoScience Centre, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Zampieri D, Laurini E, Vio L, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, Wünsch B, Schepmann D, Mamolo MG. Improving selectivity preserving affinity: new piperidine-4-carboxamide derivatives as effective sigma-1-ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:797-808. [PMID: 25528334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and binding evaluation against σ1 and σ2 receptors of a series of new piperidine-4-carboxamide derivatives variously substituted on the amide nitrogen atom. Specifically, we assessed the effects exerted on σ receptor affinity by substituting the N-benzylcarboxamide group present on a series of compounds previously synthesized in our laboratory with different cyclic or linear moieties. The synthesized compounds 2a-o were tested to estimate their affinity and selectivity toward σ1 and σ2 receptors. Very high σ1 affinity (Ki = 3.7 nM) and Kiσ2/Kiσ1 selectivity ratio (351) were found for the tetrahydroquinoline derivative 2k, featuring a 4-chlorobenzyl moiety linked to the piperidine nitrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zampieri
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, DI3, Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luciano Vio
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, DI3, Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, DI3, Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit MOSE-DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Grazia Mamolo
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Mehrabadi FS, Hirsch O, Zeisig R, Posocco P, Laurini E, Pricl S, Haag R, Kemmner W, Calderón M. Structure–activity relationship study of dendritic polyglycerolamines for efficient siRNA transfection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10944b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure–activity relationship studies were performed through in vitro, in silico, and in vivo analysis in order to evaluate the gene transfection potential of dendritic polyglycerolamines with different amine loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole Hirsch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
- 10587 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Reiner Zeisig
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology GmbH
- 13125 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Paola Posocco
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- DICAMP
- University of Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- DICAMP
- University of Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- DICAMP
- University of Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmner
- Translational Oncology
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center
- 13125 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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Shen W, van Dongen MA, Han Y, Yu M, Li Y, Liu G, Banaszak Holl MM, Qi R. The role of caveolin-1 and syndecan-4 in the internalization of PEGylated PAMAM dendrimer polyplexes into myoblast and hepatic cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:658-63. [PMID: 25083608 PMCID: PMC4250345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To improve gene delivery efficiency of PEGylated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers in livers and muscles, the roles of syndecan-4 receptor and caveolin-1 protein in the endocytosis of PEGylated generation 5 (G5-PEG) or 7 (G7-PEG) dendrimers and plasmid DNA polyplexes were explored in C2C12 and HepG2 cells. Expression levels of syndecan-4 for both cell lines were downregulated by transfection of the cells with syndecan-4 specific siRNA. Caveolin-1 was upregulated by infecting the cells with adenovirus vector expressed caveolin-1 (Ad-CAV-1). The impact of syndecan-4 and caveolin-1 on endocytosis of G5-PEG/DNA or G7-PEG/DNA polyplexes was then measured by flow cytometry. Our results demonstrate that downregulation of syndecan-4 and upregulation of caveolin-1 significantly improved internalization of PEG-PAMAM dendrimer polyplexes in HepG2 cells; however, in C2C12 cells, downregulation of syndecan-4 decreased the internalization of the polyplexes while upregulation of caveolin-1 had no effect on internalization. Gene expression results for G5-PEG/pGFP on the two cell lines exhibited the same trends for syndecan-4 and caveolin-1 as was observed for endocytosis of the polyplexes. This study gives a clue how to take strategies by up- or down-regulation of the expressions of syndecan-4 and caveolin-1 to improve in vivo gene delivery efficiency of the PEG-PAMAM dendrimers in clinical transgenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Shen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | | | - Yingchun Han
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Maomao Yu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - George Liu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | | | - Rong Qi
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China.
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Ottaviani MF, Cangiotti M, Fattori A, Coppola C, Posocco P, Laurini E, Liu X, Liu C, Fermeglia M, Peng L, Pricl S. Copper(II) binding to flexible triethanolamine-core PAMAM dendrimers: a combined experimental/in silico approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:685-94. [PMID: 24256926 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The structure of copper(II) complexes formed with triethanolamine (TEA) core poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers from generation 0 (G0) to 4 (G4) were investigated by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique and molecular simulations. Different square planar coordination modes were detected as a function of copper(II) concentration, whose dynamic evolution relates to the high structural flexibility peculiar to this dendrimer family. Modulated by generation and solvation effects, copper(II) complexation begins at the dendrimer core and progresses to the dendrimer periphery. Differently from the ethylenediamine (EDA) core PAMAM dendrimers, the copper complexes involving the TEA core showed high mobility and saturation of the internal sites above the 1 : 1 molar ratio between the dendrimers and the ions. Therefore, by combining EPR and molecular simulations for the first time, ultimately we obtained unique information on structure, dynamics and copper interacting ability of these dendrimers which could be successfully exploited in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, Località Crocicchia, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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Hong CA, Nam YS. Functional nanostructures for effective delivery of small interfering RNA therapeutics. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:1211-32. [PMID: 25285170 PMCID: PMC4183999 DOI: 10.7150/thno.8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has proved to be a powerful tool for target-specific gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi). Its ability to control targeted gene expression gives new hope to gene therapy as a treatment for cancers and genetic diseases. However, siRNA shows poor pharmacological properties, such as low serum stability, off-targeting, and innate immune responses, which present a significant challenge for clinical applications. In addition, siRNA cannot cross the cell membrane for RNAi activity because of its anionic property and stiff structure. Therefore, the development of a safe, stable, and efficient system for the delivery of siRNA therapeutics into the cytoplasm of targeted cells is crucial. Several nanoparticle platforms for siRNA delivery have been developed to overcome the major hurdles facing the therapeutic uses of siRNA. This review covers a broad spectrum of non-viral siRNA delivery systems developed for enhanced cellular uptake and targeted gene silencing in vitro and in vivo and discusses their characteristics and opportunities for clinical applications of therapeutic siRNA.
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Pandav G, Ganesan V. Computer Simulations of Dendrimer–Polyelectrolyte Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10297-310. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505645r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunja Pandav
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for
Computational and Engineering Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Wang M, Cheng Y. The effect of fluorination on the transfection efficacy of surface-engineered dendrimers. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6603-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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