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Martínez-Orts M, Pujals S. Responsive Supramolecular Polymers for Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4077. [PMID: 38612886 PMCID: PMC11012635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymers are ordered nanosized materials that are held together by non-covalent interactions (hydrogen-bonding, metal-ligand coordination, π-stacking and, host-guest interactions) and can reversibly undergo self-assembly. Their non-covalent nature endows supramolecular polymers with the ability to respond to external stimuli (temperature, light, ultrasound, electric/magnetic field) or environmental changes (temperature, pH, redox potential, enzyme activity), making them attractive candidates for a variety of biomedical applications. To date, supramolecular research has largely evolved in the development of smart water-soluble self-assemblies with the aim of mimicking the biological function of natural supramolecular systems. Indeed, there is a wide variety of synthetic biomaterials formulated with responsiveness to control and trigger, or not to trigger, aqueous self-assembly. The design of responsive supramolecular polymers ranges from the use of hydrophobic cores (i.e., benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide) to the introduction of macrocyclic hosts (i.e., cyclodextrins). In this review, we summarize the most relevant advances achieved in the design of stimuli-responsive supramolecular systems used to control transport and release of both diagnosis agents and therapeutic drugs in order to prevent, diagnose, and treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Pujals
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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2
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Singh D, Qasam I, Paudwal G, Kotwal P, Behera C, Kumar A, Gupta AP, Nandi U, Yadav G, Gupta PN, Shankar R. Redox-Responsive Hyaluronic Acid-Tacrolimus Conjugate: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Immunosuppressive Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:733-744. [PMID: 36646666 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A redox-responsive macromolecular prodrug of tacrolimus, HA-ss-Tac, was constructed by conjugation of tacrolimus (TAC, FK506) through its succinate ester to cystamine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-Cys), and its physicochemical properties and immunosuppressive activity were studied. The synthesized HA-ss-TAC was determined to contain 8% of chemically loaded TAC with significantly enhanced water solubility. The release study showed a sustained release of drug through slow degradation of linker-drug bonds. In vitro inhibition of proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes was almost comparable to that of TAC, implying that the biologically active compound could be released from the conjugate. The polymeric prodrug lacks obvious cytotoxicity on Raw 264.7 macrophages and significantly suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-1β by LPS-activated cells. Additionally, the cellular uptake study of the FITC-labeled conjugate confirmed the HA receptor-mediated internalization of the conjugate into targeted cells, thus avoiding systemic side effects. Taken together, the HA-ss-TAC prodrug could be an optimal prodrug for intravenous administration based on this preliminary data and can be expected to have improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Irfan Qasam
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Gourav Paudwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Pankul Kotwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Chittaranjan Behera
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Quality Management & Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India
| | - Ajai P Gupta
- Quality Management & Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Govind Yadav
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
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3
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Tam LKB, He L, Ng DKP, Cheung PCK, Lo P. A Tumor‐Targeting Dual‐Stimuli‐Activatable Photodynamic Molecular Beacon for Precise Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201652. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo K. B. Tam
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Peter C. K. Cheung
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
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4
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Gupta N, Malviya R. Role of Polysaccharides Mimetic Components in Targeted Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:856-868. [PMID: 35156570 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220214121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Organic or inorganic compounds are synthesized or formulated in a manner that they completely show their therapeutic actions like as a natural polysaccharide in the body. Polysaccharides, the major type of natural polymers, are efficiently biologically active, non-toxic, hydrophilic, and biodegradable and show various properties. In this manuscript, the main focus is on delivering anticancer drugs with the help of mimetic components of polysaccharides. All data collected for this manuscript was from PubMed, Elsevier, Taylor, and Francis Bentham science journals. Most chemotherapeutics are therapeutically toxin to the human body, have a narrow therapeutic index, sluggish pharmaceutical delivery mechanisms, and are poorly soluble in water. The use of mimetic components of polysaccharides leads to the enhancement of the solubility of drugs in the biological environment. The manuscript summarizes the use of mimetic components of polysaccharides along with anticancer agents which are capable to inhibit the growth of cancerous cells in the body which shows lesser adverse effects in the biological system compared to other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Singh D, Dheer D, Samykutty A, Shankar R. Antibody drug conjugates in gastrointestinal cancer: From lab to clinical development. J Control Release 2021; 340:1-34. [PMID: 34673122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one the fastest growing biotherapeutics in oncology and are still in their infancy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer for clinical applications to improve patient survival. The ADC based approach is developed with tumor specific antigen, antibody carrying cytotoxic agents to precisely target and deliver chemotherapeutics at the tumor site. To date, 11 ADCs have been approved by US-FDA, and more than 80 are in the clinical development phase for different oncological indications. However, The ADCs based therapies in GI cancers are still far from having high-efficient clinical outcomes. The limited success of these ADCs and lessons learned from the past are now being used to develop a newer generation of ADC against GI cancers. In this review, we did a comprehensive assessment of the key components of ADCs, including tumor marker, antibody, cytotoxic payload, and linkage strategy, with a focus on technical improvement and some future trends in the pipeline for clinical translation. The various preclinical and clinical ADCs used in gastrointestinal malignancies, their target, composition and bioconjugation, along with preclinical and clinical outcomes, are discussed. The emphasis is also given to new generation ADCs employing novel mAb, payload, linker, and bioconjugation methods are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divya Dheer
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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6
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Das S, Kapadia A, Pal S, Datta A. Spatio-Temporal Autophagy Tracking with a Cell-Permeable, Water-Soluble, Peptide-Based, Autophagic Vesicle-Targeted Sensor. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2252-2260. [PMID: 34115486 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular degradation process. Impaired autophagy has been linked to multiple disorders, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Tracking the autophagic flux in living cells will provide mechanistic insights into autophagy and will allow rapid screening of autophagy modulators as potential therapeutics. Imaging autophagy to track the autophagic flux demands a cell-permeable probe that can specifically target autophagic vesicles and report on the extent of autophagy. Existing fluorescent protein-based probes for imaging autophagy target autophagic vesicles but are cell-impermeable and degrade with the progress of autophagy resulting in ambiguous information on the later stages of autophagy. Although small-molecule-based autophagy probes can be cell-permeable, they are mostly water-insoluble and often target lysosomes instead of autophagic vesicles leading to incomplete evidence of the early stages of the process. Hence, there is a major gap in the ability to link the imaging data obtained by applying fluorescent sensors to the real extent of autophagy in living cells. To address these challenges, we have combined the desirable features of targetability and cell permeability to develop a novel water-soluble, cell-permeable, visible-light excitable, peptide-based, fluorescent sensor, HCFP, for imaging autophagy and tracking the autophagic flux. The probe readily enters living cells within 30 min of incubation, distinctly targets autophagic vesicles, and spatio-temporally tracks the entire autophagy pathway in living cells via a ratiometric pH-sensitive detection scheme. The salient features of the probe combining targetability with cell permeability should provide an edge in high-throughput screening of autophagy modulators by tracking autophagy live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1-Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Akshay Kapadia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1-Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Suranjana Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1-Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Ankona Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1-Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
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7
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Andhari SS, Wavhale RD, Dhobale KD, Tawade BV, Chate GP, Patil YN, Khandare JJ, Banerjee SS. Self-Propelling Targeted Magneto-Nanobots for Deep Tumor Penetration and pH-Responsive Intracellular Drug Delivery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4703. [PMID: 32170128 PMCID: PMC7070039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-propelling magnetic nanorobots capable of intrinsic-navigation in biological fluids with enhanced pharmacokinetics and deeper tissue penetration implicates promising strategy in targeted cancer therapy. Here, multi-component magnetic nanobot designed by chemically conjugating magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody (anti-EpCAM mAb) to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) loaded with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is reported. Autonomous propulsion of the nanobots and their external magnetic guidance is enabled by enriching Fe3O4 NPs with dual catalytic-magnetic functionality. The nanobots propel at high velocities even in complex biological fluids. In addition, the nanobots preferably release DOX in the intracellular lysosomal compartment of human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cells by the opening of Fe3O4 NP gate. Further, nanobot reduce ex vivo HCT116 tumor spheroids more efficiently than free DOX. The multicomponent nanobot's design represents a more pronounced method in targeting tumors with self-assisted anticancer drug delivery for 'far-reaching' sites in treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni S Andhari
- Maharashtra Academy of Engineering Education and Research's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Ravindra D Wavhale
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507, India
| | - Kshama D Dhobale
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507, India
| | - Bhausaheb V Tawade
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507, India
| | - Govind P Chate
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507, India
| | - Yuvraj N Patil
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507, India
| | - Jayant J Khandare
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, 411038, India.
| | - Shashwat S Banerjee
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507, India.
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8
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Song K, Wang Z, Liu X, Zhang G, Wang X, Ouyang D, Guo M, Chen L. A novel dual sensitive polymer-gambogic acid conjugate: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:505701. [PMID: 31480032 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab40ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bio-simulate drug delivery systems are highly considered for efficient targeting of tumors. Nevertheless, there are some potential problems such as intelligent release efficiency, subsequently, influence cell toxicity and blood circulation stability. A novel type of stimuli-responsive nanoparticle was developed in accordance with the specific tumor microenvironment to deliver gambogic acid (GA). Herein, we successfully connected GA with mPEG via two different sensitive linkages, valine-citrulline (VC) and cystamine. The structure was characterized by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, FT-IR or MALDI-TOF-MS. The mPEG-VC-SS-GA-NPs (PVSG-NPs) were rapidly prepared. The properties of nanoparticles, including solubility, particle size, morphology, and sensitive drug release performance, were investigated. Compared to single sensitive conjugate (mPEG-SS-GA-NPs, PSG-NPs), PVSG-NPs demonstrated greater solubility and higher sensitive release profile. Cytotoxicity test indicated that PVSG-NPs had apparent cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells and reduced cytotoxicity on normal cells. Additionally, PVSG-NPs mainly kill HepG2 cells by inducing early and late apoptosis and restraining the G0/G1 phase proliferation. Albumin adsorption test revealed that the PVSG-NPs had little albumin combination, consequently, enhancing their circulation constancy. In summary, our findings suggested the novel PVSG-NPs capable of being used for tumor targeting and further practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
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Dheer D, Nicolas J, Shankar R. Cathepsin-sensitive nanoscale drug delivery systems for cancer therapy and other diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:130-151. [PMID: 30690054 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins are an important category of enzymes that have attracted great attention for the delivery of drugs to improve the therapeutic outcome of a broad range of nanoscale drug delivery systems. These proteases can be utilized for instance through actuation of polymer-drug conjugates (e.g., triggering the drug release) to bypass limitations of many drug candidates. A substantial amount of work has been witnessed in the design and the evaluation of Cathepsin-sensitive drug delivery systems, especially based on the tetra-peptide sequence (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly, GFLG) which has been extensively used as a spacer that can be cleaved in the presence of Cathepsin B. This Review Article will give an in-depth overview of the design and the biological evaluation of Cathepsin-sensitive drug delivery systems and their application in different pathologies including cancer before discussing Cathepsin B-cleavable prodrugs under clinical trials.
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Zhi X, Jiang Y, Xie L, Li Y, Fang CJ. Gold Nanorods Functionalized with Cathepsin B Targeting Peptide and Doxorubicin for Combinatorial Therapy against Multidrug Resistance. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5697-5706. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhi
- School of Pharmaceutics, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutics, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmaceutics, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chen-Jie Fang
- School of Pharmaceutics, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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11
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Soler M, González-Bártulos M, Figueras E, Massaguer A, Feliu L, Planas M, Ribas X, Costas M. Delivering aminopyridine ligands into cancer cells through conjugation to the cell-penetrating peptide BP16. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:4061-70. [PMID: 27055538 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide conjugates incorporating the N-based ligands (Me2)PyTACN or (S,S')-BPBP at the N- or the C-terminus of the cell-penetrating peptide were synthesized (PyTACN-BP16 (), BP16-PyTACN (), BPBP-BP16 (), and BP16-BPBP ()). Metal binding peptides bearing at the N-terminus the ligand, an additional Lys and a β-Ala were also prepared (PyTACN-βAK-BP16 () and BPBP-βAK-BP16 ()). Moreover, taking into account the clathrin-dependent endocytic mechanism of , the enzymatic cleavable tetrapeptide Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly was incorporated between the ligand and the N- or C-terminus of (BPBP-GFLG-BP16 () and BP16-GLFG-BPBP ()). Analysis of the cytotoxicity of all the peptide conjugates showed that: (i) the position of the ligand influenced the IC50 values, (ii) the incorporation of the βAla-Lys dipeptide rendered non active sequences, (iii) peptide conjugates derived from the (S,S')-BPBP ligand were more active than those bearing (Me2)PyTACN, and (iv) the introduction of the cleavable tetrapeptide significantly enhanced the activity of the BPBP conjugates (IC50 of 4.3 to 11.7 μM ( and ) compared to 26.0 to >50 μM (, and )). The most active peptide was BPBP-GFLG-BP16 () (IC50 of 4.3 to 5.0 μM). This high activity was attributed to its high internalization in MCF-7 cells, as shown by flow cytometry, and to the subsequent release of the ligand by the intracellular cleavage of the enzyme-labile spacer, as observed in cathepsin B enzymatic assays. Therefore, these results pave the way for the design of novel peptide conjugates to be used in pro-oxidant anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soler
- QBIS-CAT Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain. and LIPPSO, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M González-Bártulos
- QBIS-CAT Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain. and Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - E Figueras
- LIPPSO, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - L Feliu
- LIPPSO, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M Planas
- LIPPSO, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - X Ribas
- QBIS-CAT Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M Costas
- QBIS-CAT Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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12
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Suárez Del Pino JA, Kolhatkar R. Delivery of HSP90 Inhibitor Using Water Soluble Polymeric Conjugates with High Drug Payload. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2735-2748. [PMID: 28913790 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HSP90 (Heat shock protein 90kD) has been validated as a therapeutic target in Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer. Unfortunately, HSP90 inhibitors suffer from dose-limiting toxicities that hinder their clinical applications. Previously developed polymeric delivery systems for HSP90 inhibitors had either low drug content or low biological activity suggesting the need for better delivery system for HSP90 inhibitors. METHODS We developed a simplified synthetic strategy to prepare polyethylene glycol based water-soluble polymeric system for model HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GDM). We then investigated the effect of cathepsin B degradable linker and drug content in polymeric conjugates on their growth inhibitory property using DU145 (androgen independent) and LNCaP (androgen dependent) cell lines. RESULTS Water-soluble polymeric conjugates were synthesized with GDM content ranging from 9 to 30% wt/wt. We demonstrated the importance of cathepsin B degradable linker from the context of drug content and different prostate cancer cell lines. The most active conjugate against DU145 cells exhibited IC50 value of 2.9 μM. This was similar to the IC50 (2.1 μM) of small molecular drug aminohexane geldanamycin. CONCLUSION Water-soluble polymeric conjugate with high drug content was synthesized that exhibited in-vitro growth inhibitory activity similar to small molecular weight HSP90 inhibitor. Graphical Abstract Water soluble degradable polymeric conjugate for the delivery of Geldanamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Suárez Del Pino
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rm N302, Rockford, Illinois, 61107, USA
| | - Rohit Kolhatkar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rm N302, Rockford, Illinois, 61107, USA.
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13
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Zhang T, Huang S, Lin H, An N, Tong R, Chen Y, Wang Y, Qu F. Enzyme and pH-responsive nanovehicles for intracellular drug release and photodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02357f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme and pH-responsive nanocomposite was constructed for sensitive intracellular drug release and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The novel nanoplatforms provide the potential application in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center
- PetroChina
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Huiming Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Na An
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Ruihan Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
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14
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Saito K, Iioka H, Kojima C, Ogawa M, Kondo E. Peptide-based tumor inhibitor encoding mitochondrial p14(ARF) is highly efficacious to diverse tumors. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1290-301. [PMID: 27317619 PMCID: PMC5021028 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
p14ARF is one of the major tumor suppressors conventionally identified both as the mdm2‐binding molecule restoring p53 function in the nucleus, and as a nucleophosmin‐binding partner inside the nucleolous to stabilize ribosomal RNA. However, its recently reported mitochondrial localization has pointed to novel properties as a tumor suppressor. At the same time, functional peptides are gaining much attention in nanomedicine for their in vivo utility as non‐invasive biologics. We previously reported the p14ARF‐specific peptide that restored the sensitivity to gefitinib on the gefitinib‐resistant lung cancer cells. Based on the information of this prototype peptide, here we generated the more powerful anti‐tumor peptide “r9‐CatB‐p14 MIS,” which comprises the minimal inhibitory sequence of the mitochondrial targeting p14ARF protein in combination with the proteolytic cleavage site for cathepsin B, which is activated in various tumor cells, fused with the nine‐polyarginine‐domain for cell penetration, and demonstrated its novel action of regulating mitochondrial function in accordance with localization of endogenous p14ARF. The p14 MIS peptide showed a potent tumor inhibiton in vitro and in vivo against not only lung cancer cells but also tumor cells of diverse lineages, via modulating mitochondrial membrane potential, with minimal cytotoxicity to non‐neoplastic cells and tissues. Hence, this mitochondrially targeted p14 peptide agent provides a novel basis for non‐invasive peptide‐based antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Saito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Iioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chie Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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15
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Dheer D, Arora D, Jaglan S, Rawal RK, Shankar R. Polysaccharides based nanomaterials for targeted anti-cancer drug delivery. J Drug Target 2016; 25:1-16. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2016.1172589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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An update on polysaccharide-based nanomaterials for antimicrobial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2603-15. [PMID: 26830099 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Scientific community has made a lot of efforts to combat the infectious diseases using antimicrobial agents, but these are associated with problems of development of multi-drug resistance and their adverse side effects. To tackle these challenges, nanocarrier-based drug delivery system using polysaccharides has received enormous attention in the past few years. These antimicrobial agents can become more efficacious when adsorbed, entrapped, or linked to polysaccharides. In addition, these nanocarrier-based systems provide an increase in the surface area of the drug and are able to achieve the targeted drug delivery as well as used for the synthesis of packaging materials with improved mechanical strength, barrier, and antimicrobial properties. This review focuses on potential therapeutic applications of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems using polysaccharides for antimicrobial applications.
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17
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Chang M, Zhang F, Wei T, Zuo T, Guan Y, Lin G, Shao W. Smart linkers in polymer–drug conjugates for tumor-targeted delivery. J Drug Target 2015; 24:475-91. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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18
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Zefirov NA, Zefirova ON. 2-Methoxyestradiol and its analogs. Synthesis and structure—antiproliferative activity relationship. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015090018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Poojari R, Kini S, Srivastava R, Panda D. A Chimeric Cetuximab-Functionalized Corona as a Potent Delivery System for Microtubule-Destabilizing Nanocomplexes to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: A Focus on EGFR and Tubulin Intracellular Dynamics. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3908-23. [PMID: 26426829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Poojari
- Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudarshan Kini
- Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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20
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Soler M, González-Bártulos M, Figueras E, Ribas X, Costas M, Massaguer A, Planas M, Feliu L. Enzyme-triggered delivery of chlorambucil from conjugates based on the cell-penetrating peptide BP16. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1470-80. [PMID: 25474438 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01875c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The undecapeptide KKLFKKILKKL-NH2 (BP16) is a non-toxic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) that is mainly internalized into cancer cells through a clathrin dependent endocytic mechanism and localizes in late endosomes. Moreover, this CPP is able to enhance the cellular uptake of chlorambucil (CLB) improving its cytotoxicity. In this work, we further explored the cell-penetrating properties of BP16 and those of its arginine analogue BP308. We investigated the influence on the cytotoxicity and on the cellular uptake of conjugating CLB at the N- or the C-terminal end of these undecapeptides. The effect of incorporating the cathepsin B-cleavable sequence Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly in CLB-BP16 and CLB-BP308 conjugates was also evaluated. The activity of CLB was significantly improved when conjugated at the N- or the C-terminus of BP16, or at the N-terminus of BP308. While CLB alone was not active (IC50 of 73.7 to >100 μM), the resulting conjugates displayed cytotoxic activity against CAPAN-1, MCF-7, PC-3, 1BR3G and SKMEL-28 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 8.7 to 25.5 μM. These results were consistent with the internalization properties observed for the corresponding 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labeled conjugates. The presence of the tetrapeptide Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly at either the N- or the C-terminus of CLB-BP16 conjugates further increased the efficacy of CLB (IC50 of 3.6 to 16.2 μM), which could be attributed to its selective release in the lysosomal compartment. Enzymatic assays with cathepsin B showed the release of CLB-Gly-OH from these sequences within a short time. Therefore, the combination of BP16 with an enzymatic cleavable sequence can be used as a drug delivery system for the effective uptake and release of drugs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Soler
- QBIS-CAT Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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21
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Fabrication of doxorubicin-loaded ellipsoid micelle based on diblock copolymer with a linkage of enzyme-cleavable peptide. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 133:362-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Kolhatkar V, Suárez J, Kolhatkar R. Dendritic hexadecapeptide as a cathepsin B degradable carrier for delivery of HSP90 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3744-7. [PMID: 26159484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable vehicles that degrade specifically at tumor sites are highly desirable since they can cause selective exposure of highly toxic drugs at tumor sites whereas keep the conjugates stable during blood circulation. Here, we evaluate the utility of a dendritic hexadecapeptide comprised of four arms, each having a tetrapeptide sequence recognized by an enzyme cathepsin B as a carrier system for heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor geldanamycin (GDM). We report the synthesis of a carrier having GDM conjugated to the terminal end of each arm (>55% wt/wt drug). We further report the stability of the GDM containing peptidic dendrimer in various buffers and in the presence of serum along with its ability to release free drug in the presence of cathepsin B, the enzyme overexpressed in a variety of tumors. Using androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line (DU-145) we further demonstrate that the geldanamycin containing peptidic dendrimer has antiproliferative property similar to the free drug derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidula Kolhatkar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Jose Suárez
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Rohit Kolhatkar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
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23
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Such GK, Yan Y, Johnston APR, Gunawan ST, Caruso F. Interfacing materials science and biology for drug carrier design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2278-2297. [PMID: 25728711 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last ten years, there has been considerable research interest in the development of polymeric carriers for biomedicine. Such delivery systems have the potential to significantly reduce side effects and increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble therapeutics. The design of carriers has relied on harnessing specific variations in biological conditions, such as pH or redox potential, and more recently, by incorporating specific peptide cleavage sites for enzymatic hydrolysis. Although much progress has been made in this field, the specificity of polymeric carriers is still limited when compared with their biological counterparts. To synthesize the next generation of carriers, it is important to consider the biological rationale for materials design. This requires a detailed understanding of the cellular microenvironments and how these can be harnessed for specific applications. In this review, several important physiological cues in the cellular microenvironments are outlined, with a focus on changes in pH, redox potential, and the types of enzymes present in specific regions. Furthermore, recent studies that use such biologically inspired triggers to design polymeric carriers are highlighted, focusing on applications in the field of therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina K Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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24
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Zhang F, Mastorakos P, Mishra MK, Mangraviti A, Hwang L, Zhou J, Hanes J, Brem H, Olivi A, Tyler B, Kannan RM. Uniform brain tumor distribution and tumor associated macrophage targeting of systemically administered dendrimers. Biomaterials 2015; 52:507-16. [PMID: 25818456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective blood-brain tumor barrier penetration and uniform solid tumor distribution can significantly enhance therapeutic delivery to brain tumors. Hydroxyl-functionalized, generation-4 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, with their small size, near-neutral surface charge, and the ability to selectively localize in cells associated with neuroinflammation may offer new opportunities to address these challenges. In this study we characterized the intracranial tumor biodistribution of systemically delivered PAMAM dendrimers in an intracranial rodent gliosarcoma model using fluorescence-based quantification methods and high resolution confocal microscopy. We observed selective and homogeneous distribution of dendrimer throughout the solid tumor (∼6 mm) and peritumoral area within fifteen minutes after systemic administration, with subsequent accumulation and retention in tumor associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs). Neuroinflammation and TAMs have important growth promoting and pro-invasive effects in brain tumors. The rapid clearance of systemically administered dendrimers from major organs promises minimal off-target adverse effects of conjugated drugs. Therefore, selective delivery of immunomodulatory molecules to TAM, using hydroxyl PAMAM dendrimers, may hold promise for therapy of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Manoj K Mishra
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Antonella Mangraviti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Lee Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Henry Brem
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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25
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Amphiphilic peptide dendritic copolymer-doxorubicin nanoscale conjugate self-assembled to enzyme-responsive anti-cancer agent. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9529-45. [PMID: 25145854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptide dendrimer drug conjugate based nanoparticles are recently developed as a potential candidate for drug delivery vehicle. In this study, we prepared and characterized the enzyme-sensitive amphiphilc mPEGylated dendron-GFLG-DOX conjugate via two-step highly efficient click reaction. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies demonstrated the mPEGylated dendron-GFLG-DOX conjugate self-assembled into compact nanoparticles with negatively charged surface. The nanoparticles with 9.62 wt% (weight percent) of DOX showed enzyme-sensitive property by drug release tests. The nanoparticles were shown to effectively kill cancer cells in vitro. The fluorescent image indicated that the nanoparticles could accumulate and retain within tumor for a long time. Moreover, the nanoparticles substantially enhanced antitumor efficacy compared to the free DOX, exhibiting much higher effects on inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of the 4T1 murine breast cancer model confirmed as the evidences from tumor growth curves, tumor growth inhibition (TGI), immunohistochemical analysis and histological assessment. The nanoparticles reduced DOX-induced toxicities and presented no significant side effects to normal organs of both tumor bearing and healthy mice as measured by body weight shifts and histological analysis. Therefore, the mPEGylated dendron-GFLG-DOX conjugate based nanoparticle serves as a potential drug delivery vehicle for breast cancer therapy.
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26
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Star-shaped tetraspermine enhances cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of T-oligo in prostate cancer cells. Pharm Res 2014; 32:196-210. [PMID: 25092067 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An oligonucleotide termed 'T-oligo' having sequence homology with telomere overhang has shown cytotoxicity in multiple cancers. We have demonstrated that T-oligo can induce apoptosis in androgen independent prostate cancer cell line DU-145. In this report, we evaluate the use of star-shaped tetraspermine (SSTS) for delivery of T-oligo. METHODS SSTS was synthesized from spermine and its intrinsic cytotoxicity towards DU-145 cells was compared with spermine and branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI). Atomistic molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were conducted to understand binding and complexation of spermine and SSTS with T-oligo. Complexation was also determined using gel electrophoresis and SYBR gold assay. Complexes were characterized for size, cellular uptake and antiproliferative effect. RESULTS SSTS exhibited significantly lower toxicity than spermine and bPEI. Its affinity towards T-oligo was significantly higher than spermine as determined by experimental studies and confirmed by MD simulations and it formed stable complexes (TONPs) with T-oligo. TONPs facilitated cellular uptake and nuclear accumulation of T-oligo and their cytotoxic potential was observed at concentration several folds lower than that required for T-oligo alone. CONCLUSION SSTS significantly enhanced therapeutic benefits associated with the use of T-oligo and can be developed as a delivery vehicle for its in-vivo therapeutic applications.
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