1
|
Ng T, Kou D. Evaluation of the impact of mucin on supersaturation and permeation of BCS class 2 basic drugs. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00346-0. [PMID: 39179030 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of mucin on supersaturation and permeation of BCS Class 2 basic drugs in a pH-shift, 2-stage model using three model compounds, dipyridamole, ricobendazole, and Compound A. The three compounds showed various degrees of supersaturation (DoS) in Stage 2 and modest to no increases in flux with the presence of mucin in the dissolution media. Mucin's impact on DoS and flux, if any, appeared to be compound specific and possibly related to its pKa and ionization state. Overall, the increases in supersaturation and permeation due to mucin ranged from modest to minimal for the three model compounds under the conditions tested. The pH-shift model using MacroFLUX was able to monitor gastric and intestinal dissolution and simultaneously assess the effect of intestinal mucin on supersaturation and flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ng
- Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dawen Kou
- Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Desai M, Patil PH, Rao RR, Shenoy GG, Rao M, Mutalik S, Jagadish PC. Should the Use of Acid Reducing Agents in Conjunction with Ribociclib be Avoided? An Integrated QbD Approach for Assessment of pH-Mediated Interaction. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:175-181. [PMID: 36241222 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the possible pH-dependent interaction of ribociclib succinate with acid-reducing agents, which are concomitantly administered as supportive care medicines in cancer. Quality by Design-based analytical method development for a weakly basic drug ribociclib succinate supposedly having the characteristic ability of pH-dependent solubility was carried out for analyzing micro-dissolution experiment samples in biorelevant media to study pH-dependent interaction. An accurate and robust analytical method was developed using a three-level three-factorial box-behnken design for quantification of ribociclib succinate in micro-dissolution samples by the implementation of the Analytical Quality by Design approach. Here, pH of aqueous mobile phase and flow rate proved to be critical process parameters. The gastric compartment solubility was found to be 814.05 μg/mL, which dropped down to 494.71 μg/mL after a pH shift from pH 1.2-6.5. In the intestinal compartment, initial solubility was 717.58 μg/mL, which reduced to 463.20 μg/mL after a pH shift from 6.5 to 6.8. Concluded results state that pH shift does not impact the solubility or the absorption of the drug to a significant extent in the presence of acid-reducing agents. However, the study would prove to be a practical approach for examination of the behavior of the drugs at the initial stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrunal Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Prajakta Harish Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Rajat Radhakrishna Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Gurupur Gautham Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Puralae Channabasavaiah Jagadish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moens F, Larsson A, De Blaiser A, Vandevijver G, Spreafico F, Nicolas JM, Lacombe L, Segregur D, Flanagan T, Berben P. Contribution of the Dynamic Intestinal Absorption Model (Diamod) to the Development of a Patient-Centric Drug Formulation. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6197-6212. [PMID: 37955627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Compound X is a weak basic drug targeting the early stages of Parkinson's disease, for which a theoretical risk assessment has indicated that elevated gastric pH conditions could potentially result in reduced plasma concentrations. Different in vitro dissolution methodologies varying in level of complexity and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) absorption model demonstrated that the dissolution, solubility, and intestinal absorption of compound X was indeed reduced under elevated gastric pH conditions. These observations were confirmed in a crossover pharmacokinetic study in Beagle dogs. As a result, the development of a formulation resulting in robust performance that is not sensitive to the exposed gastric pH levels is of crucial importance. The dynamic intestinal absorption MODel (Diamod), an advanced in vitro gastrointestinal transfer tool that allows to study the gastrointestinal dissolution and interconnected permeation of drugs, was selected as an in vitro tool for the formulation optimization activities given its promising predictive capacity and its capability to generate insights into the mechanisms driving formulation performance. Different pH-modifiers were screened for their potential to mitigate the pH-effect by decreasing the microenvironmental pH at the dissolution surface. Finally, an optimized formulation containing a clinically relevant dose of the drug and a functional amount of the selected pH-modifier was evaluated for its performance in the Diamod. This monolayer tablet formulation resulted in rapid gastric dissolution and supersaturation, inducing adequate intestinal supersaturation and permeation of compound X, irrespective of the gastric acidity level in the stomach. In conclusion, this study describes the holistic biopharmaceutics approach driving the development of a patient-centric formulation of compound X.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Larsson
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Marie Nicolas
- UCB Pharma SA, Early Solutions, Chemin du Foriest 1, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Lucie Lacombe
- UCB Pharma SA, Product Design & Performance, Chemin du Foriest 1, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Domagoj Segregur
- UCB Pharma SA, Product Design & Performance, Chemin du Foriest 1, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Talia Flanagan
- UCB Pharma SA, Product Design & Performance, Chemin du Foriest 1, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Philippe Berben
- UCB Pharma SA, Product Design & Performance, Chemin du Foriest 1, 1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kestur U, Patel A, Badawy S, Mathias N, Zhang L. Strategies for Managing Solid Form Transformation Risk in Drug Product. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:909-921. [PMID: 36513146 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Q6A document provides guidance on setting specifications for new drug substances and drug products.1 In this paper we focus on decision trees 4 (#1) to (#3) in the guidance related to solid-state form transformation. Form transformation could occur from use of high energy forms to overcome solubility challenges or stresses from manufacturing processes. The decision trees provide guidance on when and how polymorphic form changes should be monitored and controlled. However, guidance is high level and does not capture aspects related to assessments needed to understand if there is a risk of transformation or tools that can be integrated to understand the severity of bioavailability impact at different stages of development. The objective of this paper is therefore to provide comprehensive chemistry manufacturing and controls (CMC) and regulatory strategies to manage the risk of form transformation. This includes practical workflows for form transformation risk assessment, analytical tools to detect and quantify the transformation including their shortcomings, biopharmaceutical tools to understand the severity of transformation risk and if needed justify the limits based on clinical relevance. Finally, a few case studies are discussed that capture how the workflow can be used to manage transformation risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kestur
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
| | - Anisha Patel
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Sherif Badawy
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Neil Mathias
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- Analytical Strategy & Operations, Bristol Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Lou H, Dening TJ, Hageman MJ. Biorelevant Dissolution Method Considerations for the Appropriate Evaluation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions: are Two Stages Necessary? J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1089-1107. [PMID: 36529266 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biorelevant dissolution testing has been widely used to better understand a drug or formulation's behavior in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The successful evaluation of biorelevant dissolution behavior requires recognizing the importance of utilizing suitable biorelevant media in conjunction with an appropriate dissolution method, especially for supersaturating drug delivery systems, such as amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). However, most conventional biorelevant dissolution testing methods are not able to accurately reflect the dissolution, supersaturation, and precipitation tendencies of a drug or formulation, which could misinform ASD formulation screening and optimization. In this study, we developed a single compartment 2-stage pH-shift dissolution testing method to simulate the changes in pH, media composition, and transit time in the GI tract, and results were compared against the conventional single compartment 1-stage dissolution method. Nine model drugs were selected based on their ionization properties (i.e. acid, base or neutral) and precipitation tendency (i.e. moderate or slow crystallizer). The dissolution results confirmed that 2-stage pH-shift dissolution is the preferred biorelevant dissolution method to assess non-ionized weak base (nifedipine) and neutral (griseofulvin) compounds exhibiting a moderate precipitation rate from solution when formulated as ASDs. Finally, we designed a flowchart guidance for the appropriate biorelevant dissolution performance characterization of different categories of ASD formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Hao Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA; Biopharmaceutical Innovation & Optimization Center, McCollum Laboratories, The University of Kansas. Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Tahnee J Dening
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Michael J Hageman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA; Biopharmaceutical Innovation & Optimization Center, McCollum Laboratories, The University of Kansas. Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shah H, Shah K, Gajera B, Dave RH, Taft DR. Developing a Formulation Strategy Coupled with PBPK Modeling and Simulation for the Weakly Basic Drug Albendazole. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041040. [PMID: 37111526 PMCID: PMC10145446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) is a weakly basic drug that undergoes extensive presystemic metabolism after oral administration and converts to its active form albendazole sulfoxide (ABZ_SO). The absorption of albendazole is limited by poor aqueous solubility, and dissolution is the rate-limiting step in the overall exposure of ABZ_SO. In this study, PBPK modeling was used to identify formulation-specific parameters that impact the oral bioavailability of ABZ_SO. In vitro experiments were carried out to determine pH solubility, precipitation kinetics, particle size distribution, and biorelevant solubility. A transfer experiment was conducted to determine the precipitation kinetics. A PBPK model for ABZ and ABZ_SO was developed using the Simcyp™ Simulator based on parameter estimates from in vitro experiments. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of physiological parameters and formulation-related parameters on the systemic exposure of ABZ_SO. Model simulations predicted that increased gastric pH significantly reduced ABZ absorption and, subsequently, ABZ_SO systemic exposure. Reducing the particle size below 50 µm did not improve the bioavailability of ABZ. Modeling results illustrated that systemic exposure of ABZ_SO was enhanced by increasing solubility or supersaturation and decreasing the drug precipitation of ABZ at the intestinal pH level. These results were used to identify potential formulation strategies to enhance the oral bioavailability of ABZ_SO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Shah
- Invagen, A Cipla Subsidiary, Hauppauge, NY 11788, USA
| | - Kushal Shah
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Rutesh H Dave
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - David R Taft
- Samuel J. and Joan B. Williamson Institute for Pharmacometrics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsakiridou G, O'Dwyer PJ, Margaritis A, Box KJ, Vertzoni M, Kalantzi L, Reppas C. On the usefulness of four in vitro methodologies in screening for product related differences in tacrolimus exposure after oral administration of amorphous solid dispersions with modified release characteristics in the fasted state. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
8
|
Discovery solubility measurement and assessment of small molecules with drug development in mind. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1315-1325. [PMID: 35114363 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solubility is a key physicochemical property for the success of any drug candidate. Although the methods used and their rationales for determining solubility are subject to project needs and stages along the drug discovery-drug development pipeline, an artificial boundary can exist at the discovery-development interface. This boundary results in less effective solubility knowledge sharing and data integration among scientists in both drug discovery and drug development. Herein, we present a refreshed perspective on solubility. Solubility experimentation is not a one-size-fits-all measurement; instead, we stress the importance of constructing a seamless solubility understanding of a molecule as it progresses from a new chemical entity into a drug product.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abouselo A, Rance GA, Tres F, Taylor LS, Kwokal A, Renou L, Scurr DJ, Burley JC, Aylott JW. Effect of Excipients on Salt Disproportionation during Dissolution: A Novel Application of In Situ Raman Imaging. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3247-3259. [PMID: 34399050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have employed a bespoke setup combining confocal Raman microscopy and an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy flow cell to investigate the effect of excipients on the disproportionation kinetics of Pioglitazone HCl (PioHCl) in tablets during dissolution. Three binary formulations of PioHCl, containing citric acid monohydrate (CA), lactose monohydrate (LM), or magnesium stearate (MgSt), respectively, were used as models to study the influence of excipients' physicochemical properties on the rate of salt disproportionation kinetics and dissolution performance in different aqueous pH environments. It was found that formulation excipients can induce or prevent salt disproportionation by modulating the microenvironmental pH regardless of the pH of the dissolution media. Incorporating CA in PioHCl tablets preserves the salt form and enhances the dissolution performance of the salt in the acidic medium (pH = 1.2). In contrast, LM and MgSt had a detrimental effect on in vitro drug performance by inducing salt disproportionation in the tablet during dissolution in the same acidic medium. Dissolution in the neutral medium (pH = 6.8) showed rapid formation of the free base upon contact with the dissolution medium. The Raman maps of the cross-sectioned tablets revealed the formation of a shell consisting of the free base around the edge of the tablet. This shell decreased the rate of penetration of the dissolution medium into the tablet, which had significant implications on the release of the API into the surrounding solution, as shown by the UV-vis absorption spectroscopy drug release data. Our findings highlight the utility of the Raman/UV-vis flow cell analytical platform as an advanced analytical technique to investigate the effect of excipients and dissolution media on salt disproportionation in real time. This methodology will be used to enhance our understanding of salt stability studies that may pave the way for more stable multicomponent formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Abouselo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Francesco Tres
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 4790, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 4790, United States
| | - Ana Kwokal
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ludovic Renou
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan C Burley
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yoshikawa T, Oki J, Ichikawa N, Yamashita S, Sugano K. Small differences in acidic pH condition significantly affect dissolution equivalence between drug products of acidic drug salt. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Thakral NK, Meister E, Jankovsky C, Li L, Schwabe R, Luo L, Chen S. Prediction of in vivo supersaturation and precipitation of poorly water-soluble drugs: Achievements and aspirations. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120505. [PMID: 33753162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on options available to a pharmaceutical scientist to predict in vivo supersaturation and precipitation of poorly water-soluble drugs. As no single device or system can simulate the complex gastrointestinal environment, a combination of appropriate in vitro tools may be utilized to get optimal predictive information. To address the empirical issues encountered during small-scale and full-scale in vitro predictive testing, theoretical background and relevant case studies are discussed. The practical considerations for selection of appropriate tools at various stages of drug development are recommended. Upcoming technologies that have potential to further reduce in vivo studies and expedite the drug development process are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Thakral
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States.
| | - Eva Meister
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Corinne Jankovsky
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Li Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Robert Schwabe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Laibin Luo
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Shirlynn Chen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Takagi T, Masada T, Minami K, Kataoka M, Izutsu KI, Matsui K, Yamashita S. In Vitro Sensitivity Analysis of the Gastrointestinal Dissolution Profile of Weakly Basic Drugs in the Stomach-to-Intestine Fluid Changing System: Explanation for Variable Plasma Exposure after Oral Administration. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1711-1719. [PMID: 33629861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro methodology for simulating the change in the pH and composition of gastrointestinal fluid associated with the transition of orally administered drugs from the stomach to the small intestine was developed (the stomach-to-intestine fluid changing system (the SIFC system)). This system was applied to in vitro sensitivity analysis on the dissolution of weakly basic drugs, and the obtained results were discussed in relation to the intrasubject variability in the plasma exposure in human bioequivalence (BE) study. Three types of protocols were employed (steep pH change: pH 1.6 FaSSGF → pH 6.5 FaSSIF, gradual pH change: pH 1.6 FaSSGF → pH 6.5 FaSSIF, and high gastric pH: pH 4.0 FaSSGF → pH 6.5 FaSSIF). Regardless of the protocols and the forms of drug applied in active pharmaceutical ingredient powder or formulation, dissolution profiles of pioglitazone after fluid shift were similar and the final concentrations in FaSSIF were approximately equal to the saturation solubility in FaSSIF, supporting its small intrasubject variance in human BE study. In contrast, dissolved concentration of terbinafine in the SIFC system became less than half in the high gastric pH protocol than that in other protocols, suggesting the fluctuation of gastric pH as one of the factors of high intrasubject variance of terbinafine in human. Plasma exposure of telmisartan was highly variable especially at the high dose. Although the dissolution of telmisartan in the SIFC system was greatly improved by formulation, it considerably fluctuated during fluid shift especially at the high dose, which corresponds well to in vivo results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Takagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takato Masada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Izutsu
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ashwathy P, Anto AT, Sudheesh MS. A mechanistic review on the dissolution phase behavior and supersaturation stabilization of amorphous solid dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1-11. [PMID: 33494623 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1879843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology is an attractive formulation approach for poorly soluble drugs because of the supersaturated state acquired during its dissolution. The high thermodynamic activity of the supersaturated state of the drug is also a driver for the enhanced absorptive flux across a membrane. However, this advantage can easily be lost due to the inherent instability of supersaturation, causing drug precipitation. Stabilizing the supersaturated state during the dissolution of ASD for the relevant absorption time frame is a challenging area in formulation research. Stabilizing the supersaturated state by using polymeric excipients and understanding the phase behavior of drugs during dissolution are required for the optimal performance of ASD formulations. A number of confounding kinetic, formulation and physiological factors can influence the evolution of supersaturation and phase changes during dissolution of ASDs. The review highlights the complex nature of dissolution of ASDs and the need of biorelevant dissolution for proper risk assessment and optimizing formulation development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ashwathy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Kochi, India
| | - Akshaya T Anto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Kochi, India
| | - M S Sudheesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Kochi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The tangential flow absorption model (TFAM) – A novel dissolution method for evaluating the performance of amorphous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble actives. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:74-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Li M, Lu X, Xu W, Troup GM, McNevin MJ, Nie H, Su Y. Quantifying Pharmaceutical Formulations from Proton Detected Solid-State NMR under Ultrafast Magic Angle Spinning. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3045-3053. [PMID: 32679211 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Probing form conversions of active pharmaceutical ingredients in solid dosages is critical for understanding the physicochemical stability of drug substances in formulations. The multicomponent and low drug loading nature of drug products often results in challenges to quantify the phase stability, at a low detection limit and with the chemical resolution that differentiate drug molecules and excipients, for routine laboratory techniques. Recent advancement of ultrafast magic angle spinning (UF-MAS) enables proton-detected solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) techniques to characterize pharmaceutical materials with enhanced resolution and sensitivity. This study demonstrates one of the first documented cases implementing 60 kHz UF-MAS techniques to quantify the minor content of pioglitazone free base (PIO-FB) in a binary system with its hydrochloride salt (PIO-HCl) and a multicomponent formulation with typical excipients. One-dimensional 1H methods can unambiguously differentiate the two forms and exhibit a limit of detection at 1.77% (w/w). Moreover, we extended it to a two-dimensional 1H-1H correlation for minimizing peak overlap and successfully quantifying approximately 2.0% (w/w) PIO-FB in a multicomponent formulation. These results have demonstrated that 1H ssNMR as a novel method to quantify solid dosages at a higher resolution and faster acquisition than conventional 13C techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Gregory M Troup
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Michael J McNevin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Haichen Nie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | - Yongchao Su
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pepin XJH, Parrott N, Dressman J, Delvadia P, Mitra A, Zhang X, Babiskin A, Kolhatkar V, Suarez-Sharp S. Current State and Future Expectations of Translational Modeling Strategies to Support Drug Product Development, Manufacturing Changes and Controls: A Workshop Summary Report. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:555-566. [PMID: 32380182 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of clinically relevant drug product specifications (CRDPS) depends on establishing a link between in vitro performance and in vivo exposure. The scientific community, including regulatory agencies, relies on biopharmaceutics tools on the in vitro performance side, while to enable the link to in vivo exposure, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling offers much promise. However, when it comes to PBPK applications in support of CRDPS, otherwise called physiologically based biopharmaceutics models (PBBM), the tools are not yet at the desired level. Currently, it is not possible to integrate detailed variations in chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) attributes and parameters into these models in a way that can consistently predict their effect on local and systemic drug exposure. Specifically, to achieve the desired level, there is a need to advance the science and policy of PBBM. This manuscript summarizes the proceedings of a three-day workshop where the following themes were discussed: 1) Challenges in the development and implementation of in vitro biopredictive tools needed for successful mechanistic modeling; 2) Best practices in model development, verification and validation; and 3) Appropriate terminology (e.g., PBBM vs. PBPK models for biopharmaceutics applications) and applications of PBBM in support of drug product quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Poonam Delvadia
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Amitava Mitra
- Clinical Development, Sandoz Inc (A Novartis Division), Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vidula Kolhatkar
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Suarez-Sharp
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaur N, Thakur PS, Shete G, Gangwal R, Sangamwar AT, Bansal AK. Understanding the Oral Absorption of Irbesartan Using Biorelevant Dissolution Testing and PBPK Modeling. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:102. [PMID: 32152915 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorly soluble weak bases form a significant proportion of the drugs available in the market thereby making it imperative to understand their absorption behavior. This work aims to mechanistically understand the oral absorption behavior for a weakly basic drug, Irbesartan (IRB), by investigating its pH dependent solubility, supersaturation, and precipitation behavior. Simulations performed using the equilibrium solubility could not accurately predict oral absorption. A multi-compartmental biorelevant dissolution testing model was used to evaluate dissolution in the stomach and duodenal compartment and mimic oral drug administration. This model exhibited sustained intestinal supersaturation (2-4-fold) even upon varying flow rates (4 mL/min, 7 mL/min, and mono-exponential transfer) from gastric to intestinal compartment. Simulation of oral absorption using GastroPlus™ and dissolution data collectively predicted plasma exposure with higher accuracy (% prediction error values within ± 15%), thereby indicating that multi-compartment dissolution testing enabled an improved prediction for oral pharmacokinetics of Irbesartan. Additionally, precipitates obtained in the intestinal compartment were characterized to determine the factors underlying intestinal supersaturation of Irbesartan. The solid form of these precipitates was amorphous with considerable particle size reduction. This indicated that following gastric transit, precipitate formation in the amorphous form coupled with an approximately 10 times particle size reduction could be potential factors leading to the generation and sustenance of intestinal drug supersaturation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Elkhabaz A, Sarkar S, Simpson GJ, Taylor LS. Characterization of Phase Transformations for Amorphous Solid Dispersions of a Weakly Basic Drug upon Dissolution in Biorelevant Media. Pharm Res 2019; 36:174. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
19
|
Gesenberg C, Mathias NR, Xu Y, Crison J, Savant I, Saari A, Good DJ, Hemenway JN, Narang AS, Schartman RR, Zheng N, Buzescu A, Patel J. Utilization of In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Tools to Evaluate the pH-Dependent Absorption of a BCS Class II Compound and Identify a pH-Effect Mitigating Strategy. Pharm Res 2019; 36:164. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
20
|
Li J, Bukhtiyarov Y, Spivey N, Force C, Hidalgo C, Huang Y, Owen AJ, Hidalgo IJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Potential of Supersaturation to Enhance the Absorption of Poorly Soluble Basic Drugs. J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
21
|
Successful oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs both depends on the intraluminal behavior of drugs and of appropriate advanced drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104967. [PMID: 31252052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble drugs continue to be a problematic, yet important class of pharmaceutical compounds for treatment of a wide range of diseases. Their prevalence in discovery is still high, and their development is usually limited by our lack of a complete understanding of how the complex chemical, physiological and biochemical processes that occur between administration and absorption individually and together impact on bioavailability. This review defines the challenge presented by these drugs, outlines contemporary strategies to solve this challenge, and consequent in silico and in vitro evaluation of the delivery technologies for poorly water-soluble drugs. The next steps and unmet needs are proposed to present a roadmap for future studies for the field to consider enabling progress in delivery of poorly water-soluble compounds.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zane P, Gieschen H, Kersten E, Mathias N, Ollier C, Johansson P, Van den Bergh A, Van Hemelryck S, Reichel A, Rotgeri A, Schäfer K, Müllertz A, Langguth P. In vivo models and decision trees for formulation development in early drug development: A review of current practices and recommendations for biopharmaceutical development. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:222-231. [PMID: 31233862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to predict new chemical entity performance using in vivo animal models has been under investigation for more than two decades. Pharmaceutical companies use their own strategies to make decisions on the most appropriate formulation starting early in development. In this paper the biopharmaceutical decision trees available in four EFPIA partners (Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Meyers Squibb and Janssen) were discussed by 7 companies of which 4 had no decision tree currently defined. The strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement are discussed for each decision tree. Both pharmacokineticists and preformulation scientists at the drug discovery & development interface responsible for lead optimization and candidate selection contributed to an overall picture of how formulation decisions are progressed. A small data set containing compound information from the database designed for the IMI funded OrBiTo project is examined for interrelationships between measured physicochemical, dissolution and relative bioavailability parameters. In vivo behavior of the drug substance and its formulation in First in human (FIH) studies cannot always be well predicted from in vitro and/or in silico tools alone at the time of selection of a new chemical entity (NCE). Early identification of the risks, challenges and strategies to prepare for formulations that provide sufficient preclinical exposure in animal toxicology studies and in FIH clinical trials is needed and represents an essential part of the IMI funded OrBiTo project. This article offers a perspective on the use of in vivo models and biopharmaceutical decision trees in the development of new oral drug products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Zane
- Sanofi U.S., 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, United States.
| | - H Gieschen
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Müllerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Kersten
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Early Formulation Development preD3, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - N Mathias
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Princeton, Lawrence Township, NJ 08648, United States
| | - C Ollier
- Sanofi Montpellier, Rue Blayac, Montpellier, France
| | - P Johansson
- AstraZeneca R&D, Sweden AstraZeneca R&D, Molndal, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Molndal, Sweden
| | - A Van den Bergh
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - S Van Hemelryck
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - A Reichel
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Müllerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Rotgeri
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Müllerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Schäfer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - A Müllertz
- Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100 Ø, Denmark
| | - P Langguth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz D-55099, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dodd S, Kollipara S, Sanchez-Felix M, Kim H, Meng Q, Beato S, Heimbach T. Prediction of ARA/PPI Drug-Drug Interactions at the Drug Discovery and Development Interface. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:87-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
24
|
Predicting the Changes in Oral Absorption of Weak Base Drugs Under Elevated Gastric pH Using an In Vitro–In Silico–In Vivo Approach: Case Examples—Dipyridamole, Prasugrel, and Nelfinavir. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:584-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
25
|
Stewart A, Yates I, Mudie D, Pivette P, Goodwin A, Sarmiento A, Winter M, Morgen M, Vodak D. Mechanistic Study of Belinostat Oral Absorption From Spray-Dried Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:326-336. [PMID: 30300620 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spray-dried dispersions (SDDs) are an important technology for enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. To design an effective oral SDD formulation, the key rate-determining step(s) for oral drug absorption must be understood. This work combined in vivo and in vitro tests with in silico modeling to identify the rate-determining steps for oral absorption of belinostat SDDs made with 3 different polymers (PVP K30, PVP VA64, and HPMCAS-M). The goal was developing a belinostat SDD formulation that maximizes oral bioavailability (ideally matching the performance of a belinostat oral solution) and defining critical performance attributes for formulation optimization. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study with beagle dogs demonstrated that 1 of the 3 SDDs (PVP K30 SDD) matched the performance of the oral solution. In vitro data coupled with in silico modeling elucidated differences among the SDDs and supported the hypothesis that absorption of belinostat in the small intestine from the other 2 SDDs (PVP VA64 and HPMCAS-M) may be limited by dissolution rate or reduced drug activity (maximum concentration) in the presence of polymer. It was concluded that drug concentration in the stomach before emptying into the proximal intestine is a key factor for maximizing in vivo performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Stewart
- Drug Product Development and Innovation, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97703
| | - Ian Yates
- Dosage Form and Delivery Services, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97703
| | - Deanna Mudie
- Drug Product Development and Innovation, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97703.
| | - Perrine Pivette
- Onxeo, 49 Boulevard du Général Martial Valin, Paris 75015, France
| | - Aaron Goodwin
- Drug Product Development and Innovation, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97703
| | - Alyssa Sarmiento
- Dosage Form and Delivery Services, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97703
| | - Marcus Winter
- Dosage Form and Delivery Services, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97703
| | - Michael Morgen
- Drug Product Development and Innovation, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97703
| | - David Vodak
- Drug Product Development and Innovation, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97703
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li J, Tsinman K, Tsinman O, Wigman L. Using pH Gradient Dissolution with In-Situ Flux Measurement to Evaluate Bioavailability and DDI for Formulated Poorly Soluble Drug Products. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2898-2907. [PMID: 30209787 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study described a pH-gradient dissolution method combined with flux measurements as an in vitro tool for assessing the risk of bioavailability reduction due to drug-drug interactions (DDI) caused by acid reducing agents (ARAs). The device incorporates absorption chambers into USP II dissolution vessels, with fiber optic UV-probes monitoring concentration in situ. Dosage forms of Genentech BCS class II drugs, GDC-0810, GDC-0941, and compound A, were tested by starting the dissolution in either pH 1.6 or pH 4.0 media then converting to FaSSIF after 30 min. GDC-0810 showed no significant difference in flux between the two conversion experiments. A supersaturation phase was observed for GDC-0941 in the pH 1.6 experiments after media conversion to FaSSIF; however, it did not appear to occur in the pH 4.0 experiment due to low drug solubility at pH 4.0, resulting in a 95% decrease in flux compared to pH 1.6 experiment. The extent of flux reduction and the total accumulated API mass in the absorption chamber agreed well with the 89% reduction in mean Cmax and the 82% reduction in mean AUC from dog PK study between animals treated with pentagastrin and famotidine. Testing of the compound A optimized formulation tablets showed a 25% reduction in flux and in vitro absorbed amount by changing pH 1.6 to 4.0, correlating well with the AUC decrease in clinical studies. Good correlation between in vitro data and in vivo PK data demonstrated the applicability of the method for formulators to develop drug products mitigating DDI from ARAs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ullrich A, Schiffter HA. The influence of polymer excipients on the dissolution and recrystallization behavior of ketoconazole: Application, variation and practical aspects of a pH shift method. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 133:20-30. [PMID: 30261267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The formulation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is an effective way to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The combination of an amorphous state of the drug and the presence of crystallization-inhibiting polymers retains a high amount of dissolved API over time. ASDs with ketoconazole and different polymers were manufactured by spray drying and their characteristics as well as performance were analyzed. Dissolution tests with a change of the dissolution medium from 0.1 M HCl to phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 to simulate pH conditions for instant release formulations, and a direct dissolution of the ASDs in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 to simulate conditions for an enteric formulation, were performed. All ASDs with API contents between 25 and 50% by weight were completely X-ray amorphous. Varying dissolution behaviors between medium change and direct dissolution occurred. It was possible to identify the superior ASD-compositions for both types of tests. The acidic polymers methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer, hypromellose acetate succinate and the solubilizer macrogolglycerol hydroxystearate showed the best performances. The combination of the acidic polymers with macrogolglycerol hydroxystearate showed an improved dissolution behavior at higher API contents. The optimization of such formulations with different release-patterns plays an important role for the enhancement of the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ullrich
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Heiko A Schiffter
- Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaur N, Narang A, Bansal AK. Use of biorelevant dissolution and PBPK modeling to predict oral drug absorption. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:222-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
O'Dwyer PJ, Litou C, Box KJ, Dressman JB, Kostewicz ES, Kuentz M, Reppas C. In vitro methods to assess drug precipitation in the fasted small intestine – a PEARRL review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:536-556. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Drug precipitation in vivo poses a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. During the drug development process, the impact of drug supersaturation or precipitation on the in vivo behaviour of drug products is evaluated with in vitro techniques. This review focuses on the small and full scale in vitro methods to assess drug precipitation in the fasted small intestine.
Key findings
Many methods have been developed in an attempt to evaluate drug precipitation in the fasted state, with varying degrees of complexity and scale. In early stages of drug development, when drug quantities are typically limited, small-scale tests facilitate an early evaluation of the potential precipitation risk in vivo and allow rapid screening of prototype formulations. At later stages of formulation development, full-scale methods are necessary to predict the behaviour of formulations at clinically relevant doses. Multicompartment models allow the evaluation of drug precipitation after transfer from stomach to the upper small intestine. Optimisation of available biopharmaceutics tools for evaluating precipitation in the fasted small intestine is crucial for accelerating the development of novel breakthrough medicines and reducing the development costs.
Summary
Despite the progress from compendial quality control dissolution methods, further work is required to validate the usefulness of proposed setups and to increase their biorelevance, particularly in simulating the absorption of drug along the intestinal lumen. Coupling results from in vitro testing with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling holds significant promise and requires further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J O'Dwyer
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Chara Litou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karl J Box
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex, UK
| | - Jennifer B Dressman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edmund S Kostewicz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sugihara H, Taylor LS. Evaluation of Pazopanib Phase Behavior Following pH-Induced Supersaturation. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1690-1699. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sugihara
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Pharmaceutical R&D, CMC & Production HQs, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mishima-Gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fiolka T, Dressman J. Development, current applications and future roles of biorelevant two-stage in vitro testing in drug development. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:335-348. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Various types of two stage in vitro testing have been used in a number of experimental settings. In addition to its application in quality control and for regulatory purposes, two-stage in vitro testing has also been shown to be a valuable technique to evaluate the supersaturation and precipitation behavior of poorly soluble drugs during drug development.
Key findings
The so-called ‘transfer model’, which is an example of two-stage testing, has provided valuable information about the in vivo performance of poorly soluble, weakly basic drugs by simulating the gastrointestinal drug transit from the stomach into the small intestine with a peristaltic pump. The evolution of the transfer model has resulted in various modifications of the experimental model set-up. Concomitantly, various research groups have developed simplified approaches to two-stage testing to investigate the supersaturation and precipitation behavior of weakly basic drugs without the necessity of using a transfer pump.
Summary
Given the diversity among the various two-stage test methods available today, a more harmonized approach needs to be taken to optimize the use of two stage testing at different stages of drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Fiolka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Landis MS, Bhattachar S, Yazdanian M, Morrison J. Commentary: Why Pharmaceutical Scientists in Early Drug Discovery Are Critical for Influencing the Design and Selection of Optimal Drug Candidates. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1-10. [PMID: 28755053 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary reflects the collective view of pharmaceutical scientists from four different organizations with extensive experience in the field of drug discovery support. Herein, engaging discussion is presented on the current and future approaches for the selection of the most optimal and developable drug candidates. Over the past two decades, developability assessment programs have been implemented with the intention of improving physicochemical and metabolic properties. However, the complexity of both new drug targets and non-traditional drug candidates provides continuing challenges for developing formulations for optimal drug delivery. The need for more enabled technologies to deliver drug candidates has necessitated an even more active role for pharmaceutical scientists to influence many key molecular parameters during compound optimization and selection. This enhanced role begins at the early in vitro screening stages, where key learnings regarding the interplay of molecular structure and pharmaceutical property relationships can be derived. Performance of the drug candidates in formulations intended to support key in vivo studies provides important information on chemotype-formulation compatibility relationships. Structure modifications to support the selection of the solid form are also important to consider, and predictive in silico models are being rapidly developed in this area. Ultimately, the role of pharmaceutical scientists in drug discovery now extends beyond rapid solubility screening, early form assessment, and data delivery. This multidisciplinary role has evolved to include the practice of proactively taking part in the molecular design to better align solid form and formulation requirements to enhance developability potential.
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu H, Vela S, Shi Y, Marroum P, Gao P. In Vitro Characterization of Ritonavir Drug Products and Correlation to Human in Vivo Performance. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3801-3814. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- NCE-Formulation
Sciences, Drug Product Development and ‡Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Abbvie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Socrates Vela
- NCE-Formulation
Sciences, Drug Product Development and ‡Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Abbvie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yi Shi
- NCE-Formulation
Sciences, Drug Product Development and ‡Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Abbvie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Patrick Marroum
- NCE-Formulation
Sciences, Drug Product Development and ‡Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Abbvie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ping Gao
- NCE-Formulation
Sciences, Drug Product Development and ‡Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Abbvie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mann J, Dressman J, Rosenblatt K, Ashworth L, Muenster U, Frank K, Hutchins P, Williams J, Klumpp L, Wielockx K, Berben P, Augustijns P, Holm R, Hofmann M, Patel S, Beato S, Ojala K, Tomaszewska I, Bruel JL, Butler J. Validation of Dissolution Testing with Biorelevant Media: An OrBiTo Study. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4192-4201. [PMID: 28737403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution testing with biorelevant media has become widespread in the pharmaceutical industry as a means of better understanding how drugs and formulations behave in the gastrointestinal tract. Until now, however, there have been few attempts to gauge the reproducibility of results obtained with these methods. The aim of this study was to determine the interlaboratory reproducibility of biorelevant dissolution testing, using the paddle apparatus (USP 2). Thirteen industrial and three academic laboratories participated in this study. All laboratories were provided with standard protocols for running the tests: dissolution in FaSSGF to simulate release in the stomach, dissolution in a single intestinal medium, FaSSIF, to simulate release in the small intestine, and a "transfer" (two-stage) protocol to simulate the concentration profile when conditions are changed from the gastric to the intestinal environment. The test products chosen were commercially available ibuprofen tablets and zafirlukast tablets. The biorelevant dissolution tests showed a high degree of reproducibility among the participating laboratories, even though several different batches of the commercially available medium preparation powder were used. Likewise, results were almost identicalbetween the commercial biorelevant media and those produced in-house. Comparing results to previous ring studies, including those performed with USP calibrator tablets or commercially available pharmaceutical products in a single medium, the results for the biorelevant studies were highly reproducible on an interlaboratory basis. Interlaboratory reproducibility with the two-stage test was also acceptable, although the variability was somewhat greater than with the single medium tests. Biorelevant dissolution testing is highly reproducible among laboratories and can be relied upon for cross-laboratory comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Mann
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca , Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karin Rosenblatt
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG , Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lee Ashworth
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca , Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Uwe Muenster
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Bayer AG , Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Kerstin Frank
- Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH , Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Paul Hutchins
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Moreton, U.K
| | - James Williams
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Harlow, U.K
| | - Lukas Klumpp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kristina Wielockx
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Johnson & Johnson , Beerse, Belgium
| | - Philippe Berben
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Rene Holm
- Biologics and Pharmaceutical Science, H. Lundbeck A/S , Valby, Denmark
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Mainz , Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanjaykumar Patel
- Analytical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States
| | - Stefania Beato
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Krista Ojala
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Development, Orion Pharma , Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jean-Luc Bruel
- Research & Development, Sanofi-Aventis , Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - James Butler
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Harlow, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shende P, Patil S, Gaud R. A combinatorial approach of inclusion complexation and dendrimer synthesization for effective targeting EGFR-TK. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:959-965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
36
|
Nie H, Byrn SR, Zhou Q(T. Stability of pharmaceutical salts in solid oral dosage forms. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1215-1228. [PMID: 28276282 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1304960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Nie
- Formulation Sciences, Teva Pharmaceuticals, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Stephen R. Byrn
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Qi (Tony) Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Crystalline solid dispersion-a strategy to slowdown salt disproportionation in solid state formulations during storage and wet granulation. Int J Pharm 2017; 517:203-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
38
|
Beig A, Miller JM, Lindley D, Dahan A. Striking the Optimal Solubility-Permeability Balance in Oral Formulation Development for Lipophilic Drugs: Maximizing Carbamazepine Blood Levels. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:319-327. [PMID: 27981848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the performance of cosolvent based solubility-enabling formulations in oral delivery of lipophilic drugs, accounting for the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) luminal solubilization processes, the solubility-permeability interplay, and the overall in vivo systemic absorption. The poorly soluble antiepileptic agent carbamazepine was formulated in three cosolvent-based formulations: 20%, 60%, and 100% PEG-400, and the apparent solubility and rat permeability of the drug in these formulations were evaluated. The performance of the formulations in the dynamic GIT environment was assessed utilizing the biorelevant pH-dilution method. Then, the overall in vivo drug exposure was investigated following oral administration to rats. The three formulations showed dramatic solubility and permeability differences; the 100% PEG-400 provided the highest solubility enhancement and the 20% the poorest, while the exact opposite was evident from the permeability point of view. The dissolution results indicated that the 20% PEG-400 formulation crashes quickly following oral administration, but both the 60% and the 100% PEG-400 formulations allowed full solubilization of the dose throughout the entire GIT-like journey. The best in vivo performing formulation was the 60% PEG-400 (Fsys > 90%), followed by the 100% PEG-400 (Fsys = 76%), and the 20% PEG-400 formulation (Fsys ≈ 60%). In conclusion, this work demonstrates the in vivo solubility-permeability trade-off in oral delivery of lipophilic drugs; when a solubility-enabling formulation is developed, minimal threshold solubility should be targeted, that is just enough to allow solubilization of the drug dose throughout the GIT, while excess solubilizer should be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avital Beig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Jonathan M Miller
- AbbVie Incorporation , 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David Lindley
- AbbVie Incorporation , 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Development of novel prasugrel base microsphere-loaded tablet with enhanced stability: Physicochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation in beagle dogs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:754-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
40
|
Paprskářová A, Možná P, Oga EF, Elhissi A, Alhnan MA. Instrumentation of Flow-Through USP IV Dissolution Apparatus to Assess Poorly Soluble Basic Drug Products: a Technical Note. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:1261-6. [PMID: 26573157 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Supersaturation and precipitation are common limitations encountered especially with poorly soluble basic drugs. The aims of this work were to explore the pattern of dissolution and precipitation of poorly soluble basic drugs using a United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) IV dissolution apparatus and to compare it to the widely used USP II dissolution apparatus. In order to investigate the influence of gastric emptying time on bioavailability, tables of two model drugs (dipyridamole 100 mg and cinnarizine 15 mg) were investigated and pH change from 1.2 to 6.8 were achieved after 10, 20 or 30 min using USP II or USP IV dissolution apparatuses. Using USP II, dipyridamole and cinnarizine concentrations dropped instantly as a result of drug precipitation with drug crystals evident in the dissolution vessel. At pH change times of 10, 20 and 30 min, the total amount of dissolved drug was dependent on pH change time. Using USP IV, at a flow rate of 8 ml/min, it was possible to have comparable release to agitation at 50 rpm using USP II suggesting that comparable hydrodynamic forces are possible. No drop in drug percentage occurs as the dissolved fraction was readily emptied from the flow cell, preventing drug accumulation in the dissolution medium. However, a negligible percentage of drug release took place following pH change. In conclusion, the use of the flow-through cell dissolution provided laminar flow, use of realistic fluid volumes and avoided precipitation of dissolved drug fraction in the gastric phase as it is discharged before pH change.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhu AZX, Ho MCD, Gemski CK, Chuang BC, Liao M, Xia CQ. Utilizing In Vitro Dissolution-Permeation Chamber for the Quantitative Prediction of pH-Dependent Drug-Drug Interactions with Acid-Reducing Agents: a Comparison with Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1512-1523. [PMID: 27600136 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For many orally administered basic drugs with pH-dependent solubility, concurrent administration with acid-reducing agents (ARAs) can significantly impair their absorption and exposure. In this study, pH-dependent drug-drug interaction (DDI) prediction methods, including in vitro dissolution-permeation chamber (IVDP) and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, were evaluated for their ability to quantitatively predict the clinical DDI observations using 11 drugs with known clinical pH-dependent DDI data. The data generated by IVDP, which consists of a gastrointestinal compartment and a systemic compartment separated by a biomimic membrane, significantly correlated with the clinical DDI observations. The gastrointestinal compartment AUC ratio showed strong correlation with clinical AUC ratio (R=0.72 and P=0.0056), and systemic compartment AUC ratio showed strong correlation with clinical Cmax ratio (R=0.91 and P=0.0003). PBPK models were also developed for the 11 test compounds. The simulations showed that the predictions from PBPK model with experimentally measured parameters significantly correlated with the clinical DDI observations. Future studies are needed to evaluate predictability of Z-factor-based PBPK models for pH-dependent DDI. Overall, these data suggested that the severity of pH-dependent DDI can be predicted by in vitro and in silico methods. Proper utilization of these methods before clinical DDI studies could allow adequate anticipation of pH-dependent DDI, which helps with minimizing pharmacokinetic variation in clinical studies and ensuring every patient with life-threatening diseases receives full benefit of the therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Z X Zhu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug Safety and Disposition, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 35 Lansdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Ming-Chih David Ho
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug Safety and Disposition, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 35 Lansdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christopher K Gemski
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug Safety and Disposition, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 35 Lansdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bei-Ching Chuang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug Safety and Disposition, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 35 Lansdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mingxiang Liao
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug Safety and Disposition, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 35 Lansdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cindy Q Xia
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug Safety and Disposition, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 35 Lansdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kambayashi A, Yasuji T, Dressman JB. Prediction of the precipitation profiles of weak base drugs in the small intestine using a simplified transfer (“dumping”) model coupled with in silico modeling and simulation approach. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 103:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
43
|
Jakubiak P, Wagner B, Grimm HP, Petrig-Schaffland J, Schuler F, Alvarez-Sánchez R. Development of a Unified Dissolution and Precipitation Model and Its Use for the Prediction of Oral Drug Absorption. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:586-98. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jakubiak
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research
and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Wagner
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research
and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Peter Grimm
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research
and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Franz Schuler
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research
and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rubén Alvarez-Sánchez
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research
and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Matsui K, Tsume Y, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. In Vitro Dissolution of Fluconazole and Dipyridamole in Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS), Predicting in Vivo Dissolution and Drug–Drug Interaction Caused by Acid-Reducing Agents. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2418-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsui
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
- Pharmacokinetics
and Safety Laboratory, Discovery Research, Pharmaceutical Research
Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 722 Uenohara, Jimba, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
| | - Gregory E. Amidon
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
| | - Gordon L. Amidon
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Developability Assessment and Risk Management During Drug Discovery. DISCOVERING AND DEVELOPING MOLECULES WITH OPTIMAL DRUG-LIKE PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1399-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
46
|
Selen A, Dickinson PA, Müllertz A, Crison JR, Mistry HB, Cruañes MT, Martinez MN, Lennernäs H, Wigal TL, Swinney DC, Polli JE, Serajuddin AT, Cook JA, Dressman JB. The Biopharmaceutics Risk Assessment Roadmap for Optimizing Clinical Drug Product Performance. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3377-3397. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
47
|
Ware JA, Dalziel G. Physical chemical drug-drug interactions from drug discovery to registration: new opportunities for the pharmaceutical scientist to impact drug development. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3967-9. [PMID: 24491029 DOI: 10.1021/mp4005639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Ware
- Small Molecule Clinical Pharmacology and §Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Research and Early Development , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|