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Parrow A, Kabedev A, Larsson P, Johansson P, Abrahamsson B, Bergström CAS. Drug solubilization in dog intestinal fluids with and without administration of lipid-based formulations. J Control Release 2024; 371:555-569. [PMID: 38844179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The use of animal experiments can be minimized with computational models capable of reflecting the simulated environments. One such environment is intestinal fluid and the colloids formed in it. In this study we used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate solubilization patterns for three model drugs (carvedilol, felodipine and probucol) in dog intestinal fluid, a lipid-based formulation, and a mixture of both. We observed morphological transformations that lipids undergo due to the digestion process in the intestinal environment. Further, we evaluated the effect of bile salt concentration and observed the importance of interindividual variability. We applied two methods of estimating solubility enhancement based on the simulated data, of which one was in good qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed solubility enhancement. In addition to the computational simulations, we also measured solubility in i) aspirated dog intestinal fluid samples and ii) simulated canine intestinal fluid in the fasted state, and found there was no statistical difference between the two. Hence, a simplified dissolution medium suitable for in vitro studies provided physiologically relevant data for the systems explored. The computational protocol used in this study, coupled with in vitro studies using simulated intestinal fluids, can serve as a useful prescreening tool in the process of drug delivery strategies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Parrow
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksei Kabedev
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Yang B, Zhang Z, Song J, Qi T, Zeng J, Feng L, Jia X. Interpreting the efficacy enhancement mechanism of Chinese medicine processing from a biopharmaceutic perspective. Chin Med 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38238801 PMCID: PMC10797928 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicine processing (CMP) is a unique pharmaceutical technology that distinguishes it from natural medicines. Current research primarily focuses on changes in chemical components to understand the mechanisms behind efficacy enhancement in processing. However, this paper presents a novel perspective on the biopharmaceutics of CMP. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research, emphasizing two crucial aspects: the role of 'heat' during processing and the utilization of processing adjuvants. The paper highlights the generation of easily absorbed components through the hydrolysis of glycosides by 'heat', as well as the facilitation of dissolution, absorption, and targeted distribution of active components through the utilization of processing adjuvants. From a biopharmaceutic perspective, this paper provides a lucid comprehension of the scientific foundation for augmenting the efficacy of CMP. Moreover, it proposes a three-dimensional research framework encompassing chemical reactions, phase transitions, and biopharmaceutical properties to further investigate the mechanisms involved in enhancing the efficacy of CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Parchem K, Baranowska M, Kościelak A, Kłosowska-Chomiczewska I, Domingues MR, Macierzanka A, Bartoszek A. Effect of oxidation and in vitro intestinal hydrolysis on phospholipid toxicity towards HT29 cell line serving as a model of human intestinal epithelium. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112227. [PMID: 36596156 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of food-derived phospholipids (PLs) can influence nutrient digestion and induce oxidative stress in gastrointestinal epithelium. In this study, hen egg yolk PL fraction was used to evaluate the effect of lipoxygenase (LOX)-induced PL oxidation on the rate of PL hydrolysis catalyzed by pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the presence of bile salts (BSs). Then, PL/BS solutions containing native or oxidized PLs were used in in vitro intestinal digestion to assess the effect of PL oxidation and hydrolysis on the toxicity towards HT29 cell line. Based on the obtained results, we suggest that hexanal and (E)-2-nonenal, formed by the decomposition of PL hydroperoxides, inhibited PLA2 activity. The cell exposure to simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) containing BSs decreased HT29 cell viability and significantly damaged cellular DNA. However, the genotoxic effect was reversed in the presence of all tested PL samples, while the protective effect against the BS-induced cytotoxicity was observed for native non-hydrolyzed PLs, but was not clearly visible for other samples. This can result from an overlap of other toxic effects such as lipotoxicity or disturbance of cellular redox homeostasis. Taking into account the data obtained, it was proposed that the PLA2 activity decline in the presence of PL oxidation products may be a kind of protective mechanism against rapid release of oxidized FAs characterized by high cytotoxic effect towards intestinal epithelium cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Parchem
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Monika Baranowska
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Anna Kościelak
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ilona Kłosowska-Chomiczewska
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Adam Macierzanka
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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4
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Tunçer E, Bayramoğlu B. Molecular dynamics simulations of duodenal self assembly in the presence of different fatty acids. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Eudragit S100-Coated Bile Salt-Containing Liposomes for Oral Colonic Delivery of Budesonide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132693. [PMID: 35808738 PMCID: PMC9268925 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare a liposomal formulation of a model drug (budesonide) for colonic delivery by incorporating a bile salt (sodium glycocholate, SGC) into liposomes followed by coating with a pH-responsive polymer (Eudragit S100, ES100). The role of the SGC is to protect the liposome from the emulsifying effect of physiological bile salts, while that of ES100 is to protect the liposomes from regions of high acidity and enzymatic activity in the stomach and small intestine. Vesicles containing SGC were prepared by two preparation methods (sonication and extrusion), and then coated by ES100 (ES100-SGC-Lip). ES100-SGC-Lip showed a high entrapment efficiency (>90%) and a narrow size distribution (particle size = 275 nm, polydispersity index < 0.130). The characteristics of liposomes were highly influenced by the concentration of incorporated SGC. The lipid/polymer weight ratio, liposome charge, liposome addition, and mixing rate were critical factors for efficient and uniform coating. In vitro drug release studies in various simulated fluids indicate a pH-dependent dissolution of the coating layer, and the disintegration process of ES100-SGC-Lip was evaluated. In conclusion, the bile salt-containing ES100-coated liposomal formulation has potential for effective oral colonic drug delivery.
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6
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Durník R, Šindlerová L, Babica P, Jurček O. Bile Acids Transporters of Enterohepatic Circulation for Targeted Drug Delivery. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092961. [PMID: 35566302 PMCID: PMC9103499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are important steroidal molecules with a rapidly growing span of applications across a variety of fields such as supramolecular chemistry, pharmacy, and biomedicine. This work provides a systematic review on their transport processes within the enterohepatic circulation and related processes. The focus is laid on the description of specific or less-specific BA transport proteins and their localization. Initially, the reader is provided with essential information about BAs′ properties, their systemic flow, metabolism, and functions. Later, the transport processes are described in detail and schematically illustrated, moving step by step from the liver via bile ducts to the gallbladder, small intestine, and colon; this description is accompanied by descriptions of major proteins known to be involved in BA transport. Spillage of BAs into systemic circulation and urine excretion are also discussed. Finally, the review also points out some of the less-studied areas of the enterohepatic circulation, which can be crucial for the development of BA-related drugs, prodrugs, and drug carrier systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Durník
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lenka Šindlerová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondřej Jurček
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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7
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Lu L, Cai X, Guo L, Ji H, Ren J, Ni H, Feng X. Fabrication of Quercitrin Nano Micellar Delivery System and Its Therapeutic Effect on Unexplained Recurrent Abortion. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We prepared a quercitrin nano micellar delivery system in this study to evaluate its oral bioavailability. The optimal formulation of quercetin nano micelles was determined through an orthogonal test. Characteristics (size of particles-SOP, morphology, efficiency of encapsulation-EE
and stability) and the therapeutic property of quercitrin nano micelles on unexplained recurrent abortion (URSA) were evaluated. The SOP of quercitrin nano micelles was 111.88±3.70 nm with an EE of 95.66±0.57. A substantially increased release rate of quercetin from the micellar
system was observed in different dissolution media comparable to that of quercitrin. Also, through quercitrin micelles, the oral bioavailability of quercetin was increased by 15.45-fold compared to quercitrin solution. Significantly, quercetin could reduce the levels of LDH and SOD as well
as increase the level of MDA in serum restricted HTR-8/SVneo cells. Western blotting (WB) experiments showed that quercitrin had a protective effect on H2O2 induced oxidative stress injury of a human placental trophoblast HTR8-SVneo cell line. The developed nano micelles
are a potential carrier that could enhance the aqueous solubility, oral in vivo availability and potential therapeutic abortion effect of quercitrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Lu
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Ximei Cai
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Luqin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Wenzheng Road, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Hongjian Ji
- Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jiajie Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Wenzheng Road, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Haiyan Ni
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Wenzheng Road, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
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8
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Warren DB, Haque S, McInerney MP, Corbett KM, Kastrati E, Ford L, Williams HD, Jannin V, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Chalmers DK, Pouton CW. Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experimental Results Provide Insight into Clinical Performance Differences between Sandimmune® and Neoral® Lipid-Based Formulations. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1531-1547. [PMID: 34561814 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide an in silico method to study the structure of lipid-based formulations (LBFs) and the incorporation of poorly water-soluble drugs within such formulations. In order to validate the ability of MD to effectively model the properties of LBFs, this work investigates the well-known cyclosporine A formulations, Sandimmune® and Neoral®. Sandimmune® exhibits poor dispersibility and its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is enhanced when administered after food, whereas Neoral® disperses comparatively well and shows no food effect. METHODS MD simulations were performed of both LBFs to investigate the differences observed in fasted and fed conditions. These conditions were also tested using an in vitro experimental model of dispersion and digestion. RESULTS These MD simulations were able to show that the food effect observed for Sandimmune® can be explained by large changes in drug solubilization on addition of bile. In contrast, Neoral® is well dispersed in water or in simulated fasted conditions, and this dispersion is relatively unchanged on moving to fed conditions. These differences were confirmed using dispersion and digestion in vitro experimental model. CONCLUSIONS The current data suggests that MD simulations are a potential method to model the fate of LBFs in the gastrointestinal tract, predict their dispersion and digestion, investigate behaviour of APIs within the formulations, and provide insights into the clinical performance of LBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas B Warren
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Shadabul Haque
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Karen M Corbett
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Endri Kastrati
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leigh Ford
- Lonza Pharma, Biotech & Nutrition, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - David K Chalmers
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia.
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9
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The influence of lipid digestion on the fate of orally administered drug delivery vehicles. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1749-1761. [PMID: 34431506 PMCID: PMC8421046 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on orally administered lipid-based drug delivery vehicles and specifically the influence of lipid digestion on the structure of the carrier lipids and their entrained drug cargoes. Digestion of the formulation lipids, which are typically apolar triglycerides, generates amphiphilic monoglycerides and fatty acids that can self-assemble into a diverse array of liquid crystalline structures. Tracking the dynamic changes in self-assembly of the lipid digestion products during digestion has recently been made possible using synchrotron-based small angle X-ray scattering. The influence of lipid chain length and degree of unsaturation on the resulting lipid structuring will be described in the context of the critical packing parameter theory. The chemical and structural transformation of the formulation lipids can also have a dramatic impact on the physical state of drugs co-administered with the formulation. It is often assumed that the best strategy for drug development is to maximise drug solubility in the undigested formulation lipids and to incorporate additives to maintain drug solubility during digestion. However, it is possible to improve drug absorption using lipid digestion in cases where the solubility of the dosed drug or one of its polymorphic forms is greater in the digested lipids. Three different fates for drugs administered with digestible lipid-based formulations will be discussed: (1) where the drug is more soluble in the undigested formulation lipids; (2) where the drug undergoes a polymorphic transformation during lipid digestion; and (3) where the drug is more soluble in the digested formulation lipids.
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10
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In vitro solubilization of fat-soluble vitamins in structurally defined mixed intestinal assemblies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 589:229-241. [PMID: 33460854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The structures of fed state intestinal assemblies containing bile components, dietary fat, and fat-soluble vitamins are not well known, although they are involved in lipid transport. In this study, several methods were used to investigate structural transitions upon various dietary lipids or various fat-soluble vitamins incorporation in bile intestinal assemblies. In particular, DLS and turbidimetry were used to study transition points as a function of component concentration, and cryo-TEM and SAXS were used to resolve assembly structures at microscopic and supramolecular scales, respectively. Results showed that increasing the concentration of dietary lipids in bile assembly induced a transition from core-shell micelles to unilamellar vesicles (except with caprylate lipids, always yielding micelles). In these specific assemblies, increasing the concentration of a fat-soluble vitamin either induced a systematic structural transition, defining a solubilization capacity (α-tocopherol or phylloquinone), or induced a structural transition only in micelles (retinol), or did not induce any structural transition up to very high concentrations (cholecalciferol). Using SAXS data, ideal molecular organizations are proposed for assemblies in the absence or presence of α-tocopherol.
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11
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Pabois O, Ziolek RM, Lorenz CD, Prévost S, Mahmoudi N, Skoda MWA, Welbourn RJL, Valero M, Harvey RD, Grundy MML, Wilde PJ, Grillo I, Gerelli Y, Dreiss CA. Morphology of bile salts micelles and mixed micelles with lipolysis products, from scattering techniques and atomistic simulations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:522-537. [PMID: 33189321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESES Bile salts (BS) are biosurfactants released into the small intestine, which play key and contrasting roles in lipid digestion: they adsorb at interfaces and promote the adsorption of digestive enzymes onto fat droplets, while they also remove lipolysis products from that interface, solubilising them into mixed micelles. Small architectural variations on their chemical structure, specifically their bile acid moiety, are hypothesised to underlie these conflicting functionalities, which should be reflected in different aggregation and solubilisation behaviour. EXPERIMENTS The micellisation of two BS, sodium taurocholate (NaTC) and sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC), which differ by one hydroxyl group on the bile acid moiety, was assessed by pyrene fluorescence spectroscopy, and the morphology of aggregates formed in the absence and presence of fatty acids (FA) and monoacylglycerols (MAG) - typical lipolysis products - was resolved by small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering (SAXS, SANS) and molecular dynamics simulations. The solubilisation by BS of triacylglycerol-incorporating liposomes - mimicking ingested lipids - was studied by neutron reflectometry and SANS. FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that BS micelles exhibit an ellipsoidal shape. NaTDC displays a lower critical micellar concentration and forms larger and more spherical aggregates than NaTC. Similar observations were made for BS micelles mixed with FA and MAG. Structural studies with liposomes show that the addition of BS induces their solubilisation into mixed micelles, with NaTDC displaying a higher solubilising capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Pabois
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble 38000, France; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert M Ziolek
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
| | - Christian D Lorenz
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Neutron & Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
| | - Maximilian W A Skoda
- ISIS Neutron & Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
| | - Rebecca J L Welbourn
- ISIS Neutron & Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
| | - Margarita Valero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain.
| | - Richard D Harvey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
| | | | - Peter J Wilde
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Yuri Gerelli
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble 38000, France; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Cécile A Dreiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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12
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Bile acid transporter-mediated oral drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 327:100-116. [PMID: 32711025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are synthesized in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and secreted into the duodenum at meals. Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), an ileal Na+-dependent transporter, plays the leading role of bile acid absorption into enterocytes, where bile acids are delivered to basolateral side by ileal bile acid binding protein (IBABP) and then released by organic solute transporter OSTα/β. The absorbed bile acids are delivered to the liver via portal vein. In this process called "enterohepatic recycling", only 5% of the bile acid pool (~3 g in human) is excreted in feces, indicating the large recycling capacity and high transport efficacy of ASBT-mediated absorption. Therefore, bile acid transporter-mediated oral drug delivery has been regarded as a feasible and potential strategy to improve the oral bioavailability. This review introduces the key factors in enterohepatic recycling, especially the mechanism of bile acid uptake by ASBT, and the development of bile acid-based oral drug delivery for ASBT-targeting, including bile acid-based prodrugs, bile acid/drug electrostatic complexation and bile acid-containing nanocarriers. Furthermore, the specific transport pathways of bile acid in enterocytes are described and the recent finding of lymphatic delivery of bile acid-containing nanocarriers is discussed.
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13
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Stamatopoulos K, Pathak SM, Marciani L, Turner DB. Population-Based PBPK Model for the Prediction of Time-Variant Bile Salt Disposition within GI Luminal Fluids. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1310-1323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shriram M. Pathak
- Certara Ltd (Simcyp Division), Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Marciani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Turner
- Certara Ltd (Simcyp Division), Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, United Kingdom
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14
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Müller S, Gruhle K, Meister A, Hause G, Drescher S. Bolalipid-Doped Liposomes: Can Bolalipids Increase the Integrity of Liposomes Exposed to Gastrointestinal Fluids? Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E646. [PMID: 31816937 PMCID: PMC6956191 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of archaeal lipids and their artificial analogues, also known as bolalipids, represents a promising approach for the stabilization of classical lipid vesicles for oral application. In a previous study, we investigated the mixing behavior of three single-chain alkyl-branched bolalipids PC-C32(1,32Cn)-PC (n = 3, 6, 9) with either saturated or unsaturated phosphatidyl-cholines. We proved, that the bolalipids PC-C32(1,32C6)-PC and PC-C32(1,32C9)-PC show miscibility with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). In the present work, we extended our vesicle system to natural lipid mixtures using phosphatidylcholine from soy beans, and we investigated the effect of incorporated bolalipids on the integrity of these mixed liposomes (bolasomes) in different gastrointestinal fluids using a dithionite assay and a calcein release assay in combination with particle size measurements. Finally, we also studied the retention of calcein within the bolasomes during freeze-drying. As a main result, we could show that in particular PC-C32(1,32C6)-PC is able to increase the stability of bolasomes in simulated gastric fluid-a prerequisite for the further use of liposomes as oral drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biophysical Pharmacy, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Kai Gruhle
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biophysical Pharmacy, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Annette Meister
- ZIK HALOmem and Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Simon Drescher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biophysical Pharmacy, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.M.); (K.G.)
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15
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Díaz-Casado ME, Quiles JL, Barriocanal-Casado E, González-García P, Battino M, López LC, Varela-López A. The Paradox of Coenzyme Q 10 in Aging. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092221. [PMID: 31540029 PMCID: PMC6770889 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential endogenously synthesized molecule that links different metabolic pathways to mitochondrial energy production thanks to its location in the mitochondrial inner membrane and its redox capacity, which also provide it with the capability to work as an antioxidant. Although defects in CoQ biosynthesis in human and mouse models cause CoQ deficiency syndrome, some animals models with particular defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway have shown an increase in life span, a fact that has been attributed to the concept of mitohormesis. Paradoxically, CoQ levels decline in some tissues in human and rodents during aging and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has shown benefits as an anti-aging agent, especially under certain conditions associated with increased oxidative stress. Also, CoQ10 has shown therapeutic benefits in aging-related disorders, particularly in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, we discuss the paradox of health benefits due to a defect in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or exogenous supplementation of CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Díaz-Casado
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Pilar González-García
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Luis C López
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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16
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Machado AR, Pinheiro AC, Vicente AA, Souza-Soares LA, Cerqueira MA. Liposomes loaded with phenolic extracts of Spirulina LEB-18: Physicochemical characterization and behavior under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Food Res Int 2019; 120:656-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Elvang PA, Bohsen MS, Stein PC, Bauer-Brandl A, Riethorst D, Brouwers J, Augustijns P, Brandl M. Co-existing colloidal phases of human duodenal aspirates: Intraindividual fluctuations and interindividual variability in relation to molecular composition. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 170:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy is raising in industrialized countries, but the mechanisms behind this increased incidence are not fully understood. Environmental factors are believed to play a role in allergic diseases, including lifestyle influences, such as diet. There is a close relationship between allergens and lipids, with many allergenic proteins having the ability to bind lipids. Dietary lipids exert pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions on cells of the innate immunity and influence antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immunity. In addition to modifying the immunostimulating properties of proteins, lipids also alter their digestibility and intestinal absorption, changing allergen bioavailability. This study provides an overview of the role of dietary lipids in food allergy, taking into account epidemiological information, as well as results of mechanistic investigations using in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models. The emerging link among high-fat diets, obesity, and allergy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Zhang J, Han J, Ye A, Liu W, Tian M, Lu Y, Wu K, Liu J, Lou MP. Influence of Phospholipids Structure on the Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Lactoferrin-Loaded Liposomes. FOOD BIOPHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-019-09581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Tuncer E, Bayramoglu B. Characterization of the self-assembly and size dependent structural properties of dietary mixed micelles by molecular dynamics simulations. Biophys Chem 2019; 248:16-27. [PMID: 30850307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The bile salts and phospholipids are secreted by the gallbladder to form dietary mixed micelles in which the solvation of poorly absorbed lipophilic drugs and nutraceuticals take place. A comprehensive understanding of the micellization and structure of the mixed micelles are crucial to design effective delivery systems for such substances. In this study, the evolution of the dietary mixed micelle formation under physiologically relevant concentrations and the dependence of structural properties on micelle size were investigated through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The MARTINI force field was used to model cholate and POPC as the representative bile salt and phospholipid, respectively. The micellization behavior was similar under both fasted and fed state concentrations. Total lipids concentration and the micelle size did not affect the internal structure of the micelles. All the micelles were slightly ellipsoidal in shape independent of their size. The extent of deviation from spherical geometry was found to depend on the micellar POPC/cholate ratio. We also found that the surface and core packing density of the micelles increased with micelle size. The former resulted in more perpendicular alignments of cholates with respect to the surface, while the latter resulted in an improved alignment of POPC tails with the radial direction and more uniform core density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Tuncer
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Food Engineering Department, Gulbahce Campus,Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey.
| | - Beste Bayramoglu
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Food Engineering Department, Gulbahce Campus,Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey.
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21
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He H, Lu Y, Qi J, Zhu Q, Chen Z, Wu W. Adapting liposomes for oral drug delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:36-48. [PMID: 30766776 PMCID: PMC6362257 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes mimic natural cell membranes and have long been investigated as drug carriers due to excellent entrapment capacity, biocompatibility and safety. Despite the success of parenteral liposomes, oral delivery of liposomes is impeded by various barriers such as instability in the gastrointestinal tract, difficulties in crossing biomembranes, and mass production problems. By modulating the compositions of the lipid bilayers and adding polymers or ligands, both the stability and permeability of liposomes can be greatly improved for oral drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the challenges and current approaches toward the oral delivery of liposomes.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- AUC, area under curve
- Absorption
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Bioavailability
- DC, dendritic cells
- DMPC, dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline
- DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphotidylcholine
- Drug delivery
- FAE, follicle-associated epithelia
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyannate
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- LUV, large unilamellar vesicles
- Liposomes
- MLV, multilamellar vesicles
- MRT, mean residence time
- MVL, multivesicular liposomes
- Oral
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- RES, reticulo-endothelial
- SC, sodium cholate
- SDC, sodium deoxycholate
- SGC, sodium glycocholate
- SPC, soy phosphatidylcholine
- STC, sodium taurocholate
- SUV, small unilamellar vesicles
- Stability
- TPGS, tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate
- Tgel, gelling temperature
- Tp, phase transition temperature
- UEA 1, ulex europaeus agglutinin 1
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- rhEGF, recombinant human epithelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
| | | | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China
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22
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Warren DB, McPhee E, Birru WA, Benameur H, Chalmers DK, Pouton CW. Improvement in the Predicted Partitioning of Alcohol and Polyethylene Oxide Groups Between Water and Octanol (logP) in Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:214-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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The Plasma Bioavailability of Coenzyme Q 10 Absorbed from the Gut and the Oral Mucosa. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:jfb9040073. [PMID: 30558322 PMCID: PMC6306788 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has a central role in the generation of cellular bioenergy and its regulation. The hydrophobicity exhibited by the CoQ10 molecule leads to reports of poor absorption profiles, therefore, the optimization of formulations and modes of delivery is an ever-evolving therapeutic goal. The aim of this study was to investigate different CoQ10 formulations. The article summarizes the findings from an Australian comparative study involving adults administered CoQ10 through different oral delivery platforms. A total of 11 participants (six males and five females) voluntarily participated in a comparative clinical study of three different CoQ10 formulations across a six-week period, completing 198 person-hours of cumulative contribution equivalent to n = 33 participation. All of the eligible participants (n = 11) administered the three formulations blinded from who the commercial supplier of the formulation was and from what the chemical form of the CoQ10 was that was being administered. The dosing between the CoQ10 preparations were dispensed sequentially and were administered following three-week washouts. Three commercial preparations were tested, which included the following: formulations with capsules each containing ubiquinol and ubiquinone (150 mg/capsule), and a liposome ubiquinone formulation (40 mg/mL at 2 actuations of the pump). A significant inter-subject variation in the plasma level of CoQ10 at baseline that was observed to increase with an increase in age. This trend persisted in the post administration of the different formulations. Furthermore, it was observed that the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of CoQ10 varied significantly in the plasma between subjects, irrespective of whether the ubiquinol or ubiquinone forms were administered. The administration of CoQ10 as a liposome for preparation showed the poorest response in bioavailability. Although the ubiquinol capsule form of CoQ10 was observed to have increased in the plasma versus the ubiquinone capsules and the ubiquinol liposome at the two-hour interval, the inter-subject variation was such that the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). All of the CoQ10 formulations showed no further increases in their plasma levels over the remaining study period (i.e., four hours). This study further concluded that the intestinal absorption of CoQ10 is highly variable and is independent of the molecular form administered. Furthermore, it also concludes that liposomes are not an effective vehicle for the oral administration of CoQ10, and as such, did not improve the oral mucosal/sublingual absorption and bioavailability of the molecule. Of interest was the observation that with the increasing subject age, there was an observed increase in the baseline plasma CoQ10 levels in the participants prior to dosing. It was posited that the increase in the baseline plasma levels of CoQ10 with an increase in age could be due to the loss of skeletal muscle mass, a result that still needs to be verified.
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24
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Naso JN, Bellesi FA, Pizones Ruiz-Henestrosa VM, Pilosof AMR. Studies on the interactions between bile salts and food emulsifiers under in vitro duodenal digestion conditions to evaluate their bile salt binding potential. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 174:493-500. [PMID: 30497011 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade a special interest has been focused on studying the relationship between the composition and structure of emulsions and the extent of lipolysis, driven by the necessity of modulate lipid digestion to decrease or delay fats absorption or increase healthy fat nutrients bioavailability. Because bile salts (BS) play a crucial role in lipids metabolism, understanding how typical food emulsifiers affect the structures of BS under duodenal conditions, can aid to further understand how to control lipids digestion. In the present work the BS-binding capacity of three emulsifiers (Lecithin, Tween 80 and β-lactoglobulin) was studied under duodenal conditions. The combination of several techniques (DLS, TEM, ζ-potential and conductivity) allowed the characterization of molecular assemblies resulting from the interactions, as modulated by the relative amounts of BS and emulsifiers in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta N Naso
- ITAPROQ-Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fellowship Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Argentina
| | - Fernando A Bellesi
- ITAPROQ-Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Víctor M Pizones Ruiz-Henestrosa
- ITAPROQ-Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ana M R Pilosof
- ITAPROQ-Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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25
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Co-existing colloidal phases in artificial intestinal fluids assessed by AF4/MALLS and DLS: A systematic study into cholate & (lyso-) phospholipid blends, incorporating celecoxib as a model drug. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 120:61-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Gulyani A, Dey N, Bhattacharya S. A unique self-assembly-driven probe for sensing a lipid bilayer: ratiometric probing of vesicle to micelle transition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5122-5125. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01635f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-driven self-assembly of an amphiphilic pyrene–terpyridine probe efficiently reports on vesicle–micelle transition through ratiometric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Gulyani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post Bangalore
- India
| | - Nilanjan Dey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post Bangalore
- India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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27
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Suys EJA, Warren DB, Porter CJH, Benameur H, Pouton CW, Chalmers DK. Computational Models of the Intestinal Environment. 3. The Impact of Cholesterol Content and pH on Mixed Micelle Colloids. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3684-3697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hassan Benameur
- Capsugel Research & Development, Parc d’Innovation, Strasbourg, France
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28
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Rezhdo O, Di Maio S, Le P, Littrell KC, Carrier RL, Chen SH. Characterization of colloidal structures during intestinal lipolysis using small-angle neutron scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 499:189-201. [PMID: 28384537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Bile micelles are thought to mediate intestinal absorption, in part by providing a phase into which compounds can partition. Solubilizing capacity of bile micelles is enhanced during the digestion of fat rich food. We hypothesized that the intestinal digestion of triglycerides causes an increase in volume of micelles that can be quantitatively monitored over the course of digestion using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and that SANS can enable evaluation of the contribution of each of the components present during digestion to the size of micelles. EXPERIMENTS SANS was used to characterize the size and shape of micelles present prior to and during the in vitro simulated intestinal digestion of a model food-associated lipid, triolein. FINDINGS Pre-lipolysis mixtures of a bile salt and phospholipid simulating bile concentrations in fed conditions were organized in micelles with an average volume of 40 nm3. During lipolysis, the micelle volume increased 2.5-fold over a 2-h digestion period due to growth in one direction as a result of insertion of monoglycerides and fatty acids. These efforts represent a basis for quantitative mechanistic understanding of changes in solubilizing capacity of the intestinal milieu upon ingestion of a fat-rich meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oljora Rezhdo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02151, USA.
| | - Selena Di Maio
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 405 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Peisi Le
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Kenneth C Littrell
- High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Carrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02151, USA.
| | - Sow-Hsin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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29
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Zhou Z, Dunn C, Khadra I, Wilson CG, Halbert GW. Statistical investigation of simulated fed intestinal media composition on the equilibrium solubility of oral drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 99:95-104. [PMID: 27940083 PMCID: PMC5312627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal fluid is a complex milieu and it is recognised that gut drug solubility is different to that observed in simple aqueous buffers. Simulated gastrointestinal media have been developed covering fasted and fed states to facilitate in vitro prediction of gut solubility and product dissolution. However, the combination of bile salts, phospholipids, fatty acids and proteins in an aqueous buffered system creates multiple phases and drug solubility is therefore a complex interaction between these components, which may create unique environments for each API. The impact on solubility can be assessed through a statistical design of experiment (DoE) approach, to determine the influence and relationships between factors. In this paper DoE has been applied to fed simulated gastrointestinal media consisting of eight components (pH, bile salt, lecithin, sodium oleate, monoglyceride, buffer, salt and pancreatin) using a two level D-optimal design with forty-four duplicate measurements and four centre points. The equilibrium solubility of a range of poorly soluble acidic (indomethacin, ibuprofen, phenytoin, valsartan, zafirlukast), basic (aprepitant, carvedilol, tadalafil, bromocriptine) and neutral (fenofibrate, felodipine, probucol, itraconazole) drugs was investigated. Results indicate that the DoE provides equilibrium solubility values that are comparable to literature results for other simulated fed gastrointestinal media systems or human intestinal fluid samples. For acidic drugs the influence of pH predominates but other significant factors related to oleate and bile salt or interactions between them are present. For basic drugs pH, oleate and bile salt have equal significance along with interactions between pH and oleate and lecithin and oleate. Neutral drugs show diverse effects of the media components particularly with regard to oleate, bile salt, pH and lecithin but the presence of monoglyceride, pancreatin and buffer have significant but smaller effects on solubility. There are fourteen significant interactions between factors mainly related to the surfactant components and pH, indicating that the solubility of neutral drugs in fed simulated media is complex. The results also indicate that the equilibrium solubility of each drug can exhibit individualistic behaviour associated with the drug's chemical structure, physicochemical properties and interaction with media components. The utility of DoE for fed simulated media has been demonstrated providing equilibrium solubility values comparable with similar in vitro systems whilst also providing greater information on the influence of media factors and their interactions. The determination of a drug's gastrointestinal solubility envelope provides useful limits that can potentially be applied to in silico modelling and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Dunn
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Clive G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin W Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Enright EF, Joyce SA, Gahan CGM, Griffin BT. Impact of Gut Microbiota-Mediated Bile Acid Metabolism on the Solubilization Capacity of Bile Salt Micelles and Drug Solubility. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1251-1263. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine F. Enright
- School of Pharmacy, ‡APC Microbiome Institute, §School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, and ∥School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan A. Joyce
- School of Pharmacy, ‡APC Microbiome Institute, §School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, and ∥School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cormac G. M. Gahan
- School of Pharmacy, ‡APC Microbiome Institute, §School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, and ∥School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan T. Griffin
- School of Pharmacy, ‡APC Microbiome Institute, §School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, and ∥School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Birru WA, Warren DB, Han S, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW, Chalmers DK. Computational Models of the Gastrointestinal Environment. 2. Phase Behavior and Drug Solubilization Capacity of a Type I Lipid-Based Drug Formulation after Digestion. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:580-592. [PMID: 27936778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based drug formulations can greatly enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Following the oral administration of formulations containing tri- or diglycerides, the digestive processes occurring within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract hydrolyze the glycerides to mixtures of free fatty acids and monoglycerides that are, in turn, solubilized by bile. The behavior of drugs within the resulting colloidal mixtures is currently not well characterized. This work presents matched in vitro experimental and molecular dynamics (MD) theoretical models of the GI microenvironment containing a digested triglyceride-based (Type I) drug formulation. Both the experimental and theoretical models consist of molecular species representing bile (glycodeoxycholic acid), digested triglyceride (1:2 glyceryl-1-monooleate and oleic acid), and water. We have characterized the phase behavior of the physical system using nephelometry, dynamic light scattering, and polarizing light microscopy and compared these measurements to phase behavior observed in multiple MD simulations. Using this model microenvironment, we have investigated the dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drug danazol experimentally using LC-MS and theoretically by MD simulation. The results show how the formulation lipids alter the environment of the GI tract and improve the solubility of danazol. The MD simulations successfully reproduce the experimental results showing the utility of MD in modeling the fate of drugs after digestion of lipid-based formulations within the intestinal lumen.
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Birru WA, Warren DB, Headey SJ, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW, Chalmers DK. Computational Models of the Gastrointestinal Environment. 1. The Effect of Digestion on the Phase Behavior of Intestinal Fluids. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:566-579. [PMID: 28099023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Improved models of the gastrointestinal environment have great potential to assist the complex process of drug formulation. Molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful method for investigating phase behavior at a molecular level. In this study we use multiple MD simulations to calculate phase diagrams for bile before and after digestion. In these computational models, undigested bile is represented by mixtures of palmitoyl-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), sodium glycodeoxycholate (GDX), and water. Digested bile is modeled using a 1:1 mixture of oleic acid and palmitoylphosphatidylcholine (lysophosphatidylcholine, LPC), GDX, and water. The computational phase diagrams of undigested and digested bile are compared, and we describe the typical intermolecular interactions that occur between phospholipids and bile salts. The diffusion coefficients measured from MD simulation are compared to experimental diffusion data measured by DOSY-NMR, where we observe good qualitative agreement. In an additional set of simulations, the effect of different ionization states of oleic acid on micelle formation is investigated.
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Zhao L, Wu H, Zeng M, Huang H. Non-Heme Iron Loading Capacities of Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) Meat Fractions under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:174-181. [PMID: 27966354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A ferric oxyhydroxide nanoparticle (FeONP)-mediated mechanism has been suggested recently for anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) meat (AM) enhancement of non-heme iron absorption. The current paper fractionates AM biomass into protein (70.67%), lipid (20.98%), and carbohydrate (i.e., glycogen and mucopolysaccharide, 1.07%) and evaluates their capacities in templating the formation of FeONPs under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Results show that their iron-loading capacities (mg/g) follow the ascending order glycogen (2.43 ± 0.65), protein (20.16 ± 0.56), AM (28.19 ± 0.86), lipid (33.60 ± 1.12), and mucopolysaccharide (541.33 ± 32.33). Protein and lipid act in synergy to contribute the overwhelming majority (about 90%) of AM's iron-loading capacity. l-α-Phosphatidylcholine and l-α-lysophosphatidylcholine are the predominant iron-loading fractions in the lipid digest. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy exhibit coating of inorganic cores of the formed FeONPs with peptides or phospholipid-based mixed micelles. Overall, protein and phospholipid are key players in the nanoparticle-mediated "meat factor" mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Hai Huang
- College of Food Engineering, Qinzhou University , 12 Binhai Road, Qinzhou, Guangxi Province 535011, China
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Vila Verde A, Frenkel D. Kinetics of formation of bile salt micelles from coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulations. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5172-5179. [PMID: 27199094 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examine the mechanism of formation of micelles of dihydroxy bile salts using a coarse-grained, implicit solvent model and Langevin dynamics simulations. We find that bile salt micelles primarily form via addition and removal of monomers, similarly to surfactants with typical head-tail molecular structures, and not via a two-stage mechanism - involving formation of oligomers and their subsequent aggregation to form larger micelles - originally proposed for bile salts. The free energy barrier to removal of single bile monomers from micelles is ≈2kBT, much less than what has been observed for head-tail surfactants. Such a low barrier may be biologically relevant: it allows for rapid release of bile monomers into the intestine, possibly enabling the coverage of fat droplets by bile salt monomers and subsequent release of micelles containing fats and bile salts - a mechanism that is not possible for ionic head-tail surfactants of similar critical micellar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vila Verde
- Theory and Bio-Systems Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
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Zou L, Zheng B, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Liu W, Liu C, Xiao H, McClements DJ. Food-grade nanoparticles for encapsulation, protection and delivery of curcumin: comparison of lipid, protein, and phospholipid nanoparticles under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22834d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of three nanoparticle-based delivery systems to improve curcumin bioavailability was investigated: lipid nPs (nanoemulsions); protein nPs (zein nanosuspensions); and, phospholipid nPs (nanoliposomes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University, Nanchang
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Bingjing Zheng
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Zipei Zhang
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University, Nanchang
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University, Nanchang
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
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Alskär LC, Bergström CAS. Models for Predicting Drug Absorption From Oral Lipid-Based Formulations. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 1:141-147. [PMID: 26594613 PMCID: PMC4643850 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-015-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the in vitro tools currently used to identify when a lipid-based formulation has the potential to deliver a poorly water-soluble drug via the oral route. We describe the extent to which these tools reflect the in vivo performance of the formulation and, more importantly, we present strategies that we foresee will improve the in vitro-in vivo correlations. We also present emerging computational methods that are likely to allow large parts of the formulation development to be carried out in the computer rather than in the test tube. We suggest that these computational tools will also improve the mechanistic understanding of in vivo formulation performance in the complex and dynamic environment of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C. Alskär
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christel A. S. Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Crea F, De Stefano C, Milea D, Pettignano A, Sammartano S. SALMO and S3M: A Saliva Model and a Single Saliva Salt Model for Equilibrium Studies. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2015; 2015:267985. [PMID: 25733975 PMCID: PMC4334860 DOI: 10.1155/2015/267985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A model of synthetic saliva (SALMO, SALiva MOdel) is proposed for its use as standard medium in in vitro equilibrium and speciation studies of real saliva. The concentrations come out from the literature analysis of the composition of both real saliva and synthetic saliva. The chief interactions of main inorganic components of saliva, as well as urea and amino acids, are taken into account on the basis of a complex formation model, which also considers the dependence of the stability constants of these species on ionic strength and temperature. These last features allow the modelling of the speciation of saliva in different physiological conditions deriving from processes like dilution, pH, and temperature changes. To simplify equilibrium calculations, a plain approach is also proposed, in order to take into account all the interactions among the major components of saliva, by considering the inorganic components of saliva as a single 1 : 1 salt (MX), whose concentration is c MX = (1/2)∑c i (c i = analytical concentration of all the ions) and z ion charge calculated as z=±(I/c MX)(1/2) = ±1.163. The use of the Single Saliva Salt Model (S3M) considerably reduces the complexity of the systems to be investigated. In fact, only four species deriving from internal ionic medium interactions must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Milea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Pettignano
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvio Sammartano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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