1
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Hamley IW, Adak A, Castelletto V. Influence of chirality and sequence in lysine-rich lipopeptide biosurfactants and micellar model colloid systems. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6785. [PMID: 39117639 PMCID: PMC11310517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides can self-assemble into diverse nanostructures which can be programmed to incorporate peptide sequences to achieve a remarkable range of bioactivities. Here, the influence of peptide sequence and chirality on micelle structure and interactions is investigated in a series of lipopeptides bearing two lysine or D-lysine residues and tyrosine or tryptophan residues, attached to a hexadecyl lipid chain. All molecules self-assemble into micelles above a critical micelle concentration (CMC). Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to probe micelle shape and structure from the form factor and to probe inter-micellar interactions via analysis of structure factor. The CMC is obtained consistently from surface tension and electrical conductivity measurements. We introduce a method to obtain the zeta potential from the SAXS structure factor which is in good agreement with directly measured values. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into molecular packing and conformation within the lipopeptide micelles which constitute model self-assembling colloidal systems and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Hamley
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Anindyasundar Adak
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Valeria Castelletto
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
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2
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Li Q, Tangry V, Allen DP, Seibert KD, Qian KK, Wagner NJ. Surface-mediated spontaneous emulsification of the acylated peptide, semaglutide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305770121. [PMID: 38227645 PMCID: PMC10835113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305770121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Acylated peptides composed of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists modified with a fatty acid side chain are an important class of therapeutics for type 2 diabetes and obesity but are susceptible to an unusual physical instability in the presence of hydrophobic surfaces, i.e., spontaneous emulsification, also known as ouzo formation in practice. In this work, light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and circular dichroism measurements are used to characterize the physical properties of the semaglutide colloidal phase, including size distribution, shape, secondary structure, internal structure, and internal composition, as a function of solution physico-chemical conditions. The existence and size of the colloids formed are successfully predicted by a classical Rayleigh model, which identifies the parameters controlling their size and formation. Colloid formation is found to be catalyzed by hydrophobic surfaces, and formation rates are modeled as an autocatalytic reaction, enabling the formation of a master curve for various surfaces that elucidates the mechanism. Surfaces differ due to differences in surface wettability, which can be correlated with Hansen solubility parameters. This work provides insights into this unusual colloidal phenomenon and guides the peptide synthesis process and drug product formulation in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Neutron Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
| | - Vasudev Tangry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Neutron Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
| | | | | | - Ken K. Qian
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN46225
| | - Norman J. Wagner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Neutron Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
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3
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Giannetti M, Palleschi A, Ricciardi B, Venanzi M. A Spectroscopic and Molecular Dynamics Study on the Aggregation Properties of a Lipopeptide Analogue of Liraglutide, a Therapeutic Peptide against Diabetes Type 2. Molecules 2023; 28:7536. [PMID: 38005270 PMCID: PMC10674484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of peptide drugs are strongly affected by their aggregation properties and the morphology of the nanostructures they form in their native state as well as in their therapeutic formulation. In this contribution, we analyze the aggregation properties of a Liraglutide analogue (LG18), a leading drug against diabetes type 2. LG18 is a lipopeptide characterized by the functionalization of a lysine residue (K26) with an 18C lipid chain. To this end, spectroscopic experiments, dynamic light scattering measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out, following the evolution of the aggregation process from the small LG18 clusters formed at sub-micromolar concentrations to the mesoscopic aggregates formed by aged micromolar solutions. The critical aggregation concentration of LG18 in water (pH = 8) was found to amount to 4.3 μM, as assessed by the pyrene fluorescence assay. MD simulations showed that the LG18 nanostructures are formed by tetramer building blocks that, at longer times, self-assemble to form micrometric supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (B.R.)
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4
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Designing Formulation Strategies for Enhanced Stability of Therapeutic Peptides in Aqueous Solutions: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030935. [PMID: 36986796 PMCID: PMC10056213 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the utilization of therapeutic peptides. Therapeutic peptides are usually administered via the parenteral route, requiring an aqueous formulation. Unfortunately, peptides are often unstable in aqueous solutions, affecting stability and bioactivity. Although a stable and dry formulation for reconstitution might be designed, from a pharmaco-economic and practical convenience point of view, a peptide formulation in an aqueous liquid form is preferred. Designing formulation strategies that optimize peptide stability may improve bioavailability and increase therapeutic efficacy. This literature review provides an overview of various degradation pathways and formulation strategies to stabilize therapeutic peptides in aqueous solutions. First, we introduce the major peptide stability issues in liquid formulations and the degradation mechanisms. Then, we present a variety of known strategies to inhibit or slow down peptide degradation. Overall, the most practical approaches to peptide stabilization are pH optimization and selecting the appropriate type of buffer. Other practical strategies to reduce peptide degradation rates in solution are the application of co-solvency, air exclusion, viscosity enhancement, PEGylation, and using polyol excipients.
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5
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A Review on Forced Degradation Strategies to Establish the Stability of Therapeutic Peptide Formulations. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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6
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Wan W, Qin Q, Xie L, Zhang H, Wu F, Stevens RC, Liu Y. GLP-1R Signaling and Functional Molecules in Incretin Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020751. [PMID: 36677809 PMCID: PMC9866634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a critical therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The GLP-1R cellular signaling mechanism relevant to insulin secretion and blood glucose regulation has been extensively studied. Numerous drugs targeting GLP-1R have entered clinical treatment. However, novel functional molecules with reduced side effects and enhanced therapeutic efficacy are still in high demand. In this review, we summarize the basis of GLP-1R cellular signaling, and how it is involved in the treatment of T2DM. We review the functional molecules of incretin therapy in various stages of clinical trials. We also outline the current strategies and emerging techniques that are furthering the development of novel therapeutic drugs for T2DM and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Wan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qikai Qin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Linshan Xie
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Raymond C. Stevens
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Correspondence: (R.C.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Correspondence: (R.C.S.); (Y.L.)
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7
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Kurtzhals P, Østergaard S, Nishimura E, Kjeldsen T. Derivatization with fatty acids in peptide and protein drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:59-80. [PMID: 36002588 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins are widely used to treat a range of medical conditions; however, they often have to be injected and their effects are short-lived. These shortcomings of the native structure can be addressed by molecular engineering, but this is a complex undertaking. A molecular engineering technology initially applied to insulin - and which has now been successfully applied to several biopharmaceuticals - entails the derivatization of peptides and proteins with fatty acids. Various protraction mechanisms are enabled by the specific characteristics and positions of the attached fatty acid. Furthermore, the technology can ensure a long half-life following oral administration of peptide drugs, can alter the distribution of peptides and may hold potential for tissue targeting. Due to the inherent safety and well-defined chemical nature of the fatty acids, this technology provides a versatile approach to peptide and protein drug discovery.
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8
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Tang Y, Arbaugh B, Park H, Scher HB, Bai L, Mao L, Jeoh T. Targeting enteric release of therapeutic peptides by encapsulation in complex coacervated matrix microparticles by spray drying. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Kesharwani K, Singh R, Tripathi SK, Kaul G, Akhir A, Saxena D, Kumar V, Mishra NK, Chopra S, Joshi KB. Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Loaded Biomimetic Isomeric Short Lipopeptide Nanostructures. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Kesharwani
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Department of Microbiology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sitapur Road, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Abdul Akhir
- Department of Microbiology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sitapur Road, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow India
| | - Deepanshi Saxena
- Department of Microbiology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sitapur Road, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | | | - Sidharth Chopra
- Department of Microbiology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sitapur Road, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Khashti Ballabh Joshi
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar MP 470003 India
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10
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Application of Af4-Multidetection to Liraglutide in Its Formulation: Preserving and Representing Native Aggregation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175485. [PMID: 36080254 PMCID: PMC9457993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation is among the most critical parameters affecting the pharmacological and safety profile of peptide Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). For this reason, it is of utmost importance to define the exact aggregation state of peptide drugs, particularly when the API is marketed as a ready-to-use solution. Consequently, appropriate non-destructive techniques able to replicate the peptide environment must be employed. In our work, we exploited Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4), connected to UV, dRI, fluorescence, and MALS detectors, to fully characterize the aggregation state of Liraglutide, a peptide API used for the treatment of diabetes type 2 and chronic obesity. In previous studies, Liraglutide was hypothesized to assemble into hexa-octamers in phosphate buffer, but no information on its behavior in the formulation medium was provided up to now. The method used allowed researchers to work using formulation as the mobile phase with excellent recoveries and LoQ/LoD, discerning between stable and degraded samples, and detecting, when present, aggregates up to 108 Da. The native state of Liraglutide was assessed and found to be an association into pentamers, with a non-spherical conformation. Combined to benchmark analyses, the sameness study was complete and descriptive, also giving insight on the aggregation process and covalent/non-covalent aggregate types.
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11
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Czechtizky W, Su W, Ripa L, Schiesser S, Höijer A, Cox RJ. Advances in the design of new types of inhaled medicines. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 61:93-162. [PMID: 35753716 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of small molecule drugs has proven very efficacious for the treatment of respiratory diseases due to enhanced efficacy and a favourable therapeutic index compared with other dosing routes. It enables targeted delivery to the lung with rapid onset of therapeutic action, low systemic drug exposure, and thereby reduced systemic side effects. An increasing number of pharmaceutical companies and biotechs are investing in new modalities-for this review defined as therapeutic molecules with a molecular weight >800Da and therefore beyond usual inhaled small molecule drug-like space. However, our experience with inhaled administration of PROTACs, peptides, oligonucleotides (antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, miRs and antagomirs), diverse protein scaffolds, antibodies and antibody fragments is still limited. Investigating the retention and metabolism of these types of molecules in lung tissue and fluid will contribute to understanding which are best suited for inhalation. Nonetheless, the first such therapeutic molecules have already reached the clinic. This review will provide information on the physiology of healthy and diseased lungs and their capacity for drug metabolism. It will outline the stability, aggregation and immunogenicity aspects of new modalities, as well as recap on formulation and delivery aspects. It concludes by summarising clinical trial outcomes with inhaled new modalities based on information available at the end of 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werngard Czechtizky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Wu Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lena Ripa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schiesser
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höijer
- Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism CMC Projects, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rhona J Cox
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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12
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Lu B, GhavamiNejad A, Liu JF, Li J, Mirzaie S, Giacca A, Wu XY. "Smart" Composite Microneedle Patch Stabilizes Glucagon and Prevents Nocturnal Hypoglycemia: Experimental Studies and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20576-20590. [PMID: 35471922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is a major complication associated with insulin therapy in people with diabetes that could cause life-threatening conditions if untreated. Glucagon, a counter-acting hormone, is thus administered for rescue of severe hypoglycemia. However, due to the instability of glucagon, only limited medications are available for emergency use, which are unsuitable for patients with hypoglycemia unawareness or with the inability to self-administer, especially during sleep (namely, nocturnal hypoglycemia). To prevent unattended and extended hypoglycemia, we designed a "smart" composite microneedle (cMN) patch capable of stabilizing glucagon, sensing hypoglycemia, and delivering glucagon automatically on demand. In this design, native glucagon was encapsulated in glucose-responsive microgels containing a glucagon-stabilizing component rationally selected by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A cMN patch was then prepared by incorporating the glucagon microgels with poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMVE-MAH) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) followed by thermal cross-linking. The rationally designed zwitterionic polymer-based microgels preserved the native structure of glucagon and prevented heat-induced fibrillation evidenced by RP-HPLC, circular dichroism, and transmission electron microscopy. MD simulations suggested that the polymeric microgels stabilized glucagon by inhibition of oligomer formation via peptide-polymer noncovalent interactions. The polymer formed multiple hydrogen bonds with the polar and charged amino acid residues of the glucagon molecule, shielding the peptide surface from aggregation. In vivo efficacy studies using streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats demonstrated that the glucagon-loaded cMN patch could prevent hypoglycemia induced by insulin overdose during a 12 h period. The results suggest that this new glucagon "smart" patch may be a promising system for improving the quality of life of those suffering from nocturnal hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia unawareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Amin GhavamiNejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jackie Fule Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jason Li
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sako Mirzaie
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Institute and Medical Science and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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13
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A novel strategy for production of liraglutide precursor peptide and development of a new long-acting incretin mimic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266833. [PMID: 35500009 PMCID: PMC9060347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a small number of incretin mimics are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their longer half-life. The present study aimed to introduce a novel method for producing the liraglutide precursor peptide (LPP) and developing a potentially new incretin mimic. Here, human αB-crystallin (αB-Cry) was ligated to the LPP at the gene level, and the gene construct was expressed in Escherichia coli with a relatively good efficiency. The hybrid protein (αB-lir) was then purified by a precipitation method followed by anion exchange chromatography. After that, the peptide was released from the carrier protein by a chemical cleavage method yielding about 70%. The LPP was then purified by gel filtration chromatography, and HPLC estimated its purity to be about 98%. Also, the molecular mass of the purified peptide was finally confirmed by mass spectroscopy analysis. Assessment of the secondary structures suggested a dominant α-helical structure for the LPP and a β-sheet rich structure for the hybrid protein. The subcutaneous injection of the LPP and the αB-lir hybrid protein significantly reduced the blood sugar levels in healthy and diabetic mice and stimulated insulin secretion. Also, the hybrid protein exerts its bioactivities more effectively than the LPP over a relatively longer period of time. The results of this study suggested a novel method for the easy and cost-effective production of the LPP and introduced a new long-acting incretin mimic that can be potentially used for the treatment of T2DM patients.
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14
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Oligomerization, albumin binding and catabolism of therapeutic peptides in the subcutaneous compartment: An investigation on lipidated GLP-1 analogs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 210:114566. [PMID: 35042144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipidation, a common strategy to improve half-life of therapeutic peptides, affects their tendency to oligomerize, their interaction with plasmatic proteins, and their catabolism. In this work, we have leveraged the use of NMR and SPR spectroscopy to elucidate oligomerization propensity and albumin interaction of different analogs of the two marketed lipidated GLP-1 agonists liraglutide and semaglutide. As most lipidated therapeutic peptides are administered by subcutaneous injection, we have also assessed in vitro their catabolism in the SC tissue using the LC-HRMS-based SCiMetPep assay. We observed that oligomerization had a shielding effect against catabolism. At the same time, binding to albumin may provide only limited protection from proteolysis due to the higher unbound peptide fraction present in the subcutaneous compartment with respect to the plasma. Finally, identification of catabolites in rat plasma after SC dosing of semaglutide showed a good correlation with the in vitro data, with Tyr19-Leu20 being the major cleavage site. Early characterization of the complex interplay between oligomerization, albumin binding, and catabolism at the injection site is essential for the synthesis of lipidated peptides with good pharmacokinetic profiles.
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15
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Bhattacharya S, Sarin D. Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (2D-LC): Analysis of Size-Based Heterogeneities in Monoclonal Antibody–Based Biotherapeutic Products. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.cz9881a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) dominate the pipelines in the biopharmaceutical industry today. Being complex products, this class of molecules has numerous critical quality attributes (CQAs). Their thorough characterization is a necessary and critical component of biopharmaceutical product development. One CQA is size-based heterogeneity. Aggregates are widely considered a CQA because of their likely impact on the immunogenicity of the product. There is no single analytical tool that can accurately characterize aggregates because of the significant diversity that they exhibit with respect to size, structure, and morphology. As a result, it is common practice to use multiple, orthogonal analytical tools for aggregate characterization. This article reviews efforts targeting the use of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) for aggregate characterization.
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16
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Østergaard S, Paulsson JF, Kofoed J, Zosel F, Olsen J, Jeppesen CB, Spetzler J, Ynddal L, Schleiss LG, Christoffersen BØ, Raun K, Sensfuss U, Nielsen FS, Jørgensen R, Wulff BS. The effect of fatty diacid acylation of human PYY 3-36 on Y 2 receptor potency and half-life in minipigs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21179. [PMID: 34707178 PMCID: PMC8551270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides are notoriously known to display very short in vivo half-lives often measured in minutes which in many cases greatly reduces or eliminates sufficient in vivo efficacy. To obtain long half-lives allowing for up to once-weekly dosing regimen, fatty acid acylation (lipidation) have been used to non-covalently associate the peptide to serum albumin thus serving as a circulating depot. This approach is generally considered in the scientific and patent community as a standard approach to protract almost any given peptide. However, it is not trivial to prolong the half-life of peptides by lipidation and still maintain high potency and good formulation properties. Here we show that attaching a fatty acid to the obesity-drug relevant peptide PYY3-36 is not sufficient for long pharmacokinetics (PK), since the position in the backbone, but also type of fatty acid and linker strongly influences PK and potency. Furthermore, understanding the proteolytic stability of the backbone is key to obtain long half-lives by lipidation, since backbone cleavage still occurs while associated to albumin. Having identified a PYY analogue with a sufficient half-life, we show that in combination with a GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide, additional weight loss can be achieved in the obese minipig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Østergaard
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark.
| | - Johan F Paulsson
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kofoed
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Franziska Zosel
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Olsen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Claus Bekker Jeppesen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jane Spetzler
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Lars Ynddal
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark.,Gubra Aps, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Luise Gram Schleiss
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Raun
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Sensfuss
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark.,STipe Therapeutics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Seier Nielsen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Jørgensen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark.,CitoKi Pharma, Værløse, Denmark
| | - Birgitte S Wulff
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
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17
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Amyloidogenicity of peptides targeting diabetes and obesity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112157. [PMID: 34715595 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of insulin, a century ago, the repertoire of therapeutic polypeptides targeting diabetes - and now also obesity - have increased substantially. The focus on quality has shifted from impure and unstable preparations of animal insulin to highly pure, homologous recombinant insulin, along with other peptide-based hormones and analogs such as amylin analogs (pramlintide, davalintide, cagrilintide), glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide). Proper formulation, storage, manipulation and usage by professionals and patients are required in order to avoid agglomeration into high molecular weight products (HMWP), either amorphous or amyloid, which could result in potential loss of biological activity and short- or long-term immune reaction and silent inactivation. In this narrative review, we present perspective of the aggregation of therapeutic polypeptides used in diabetes and other metabolic diseases, covering the nature and mechanisms, analytical techniques, physical and chemical stability, strategies aimed to hamper the formation of HMWP, and perspectives on future biopharmaceutical developments.
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18
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Kruse T, Hansen JL, Dahl K, Schäffer L, Sensfuss U, Poulsen C, Schlein M, Hansen AMK, Jeppesen CB, Dornonville de la Cour C, Clausen TR, Johansson E, Fulle S, Skyggebjerg RB, Raun K. Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11183-11194. [PMID: 34288673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of the pancreatic hormone amylin is its high propensity toward the formation of amyloid fibrils, which makes it a challenging drug design effort. The amylin analogue pramlintide is commercially available for diabetes treatment as an adjunct to insulin therapy but requires three daily injections due to its short half-life. We report here the development of the stable, lipidated long-acting amylin analogue cagrilintide (23) and some of the structure-activity efforts that led to the selection of this analogue for clinical development with obesity as an indication. Cagrilintide is currently in clinical trial and has induced significant weight loss when dosed alone or in combination with the GLP-1 analogue semaglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kruse
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Dahl
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Lauge Schäffer
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten Schlein
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Eva Johansson
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Simone Fulle
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Raun
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
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19
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Poulsen C, Pedersen MØ, Wahlund PO, Sjölander A, Thomsen JK, Conde-Frieboes KW, Paulsson JF, Wulff BS, Østergaard S. Rational Development of Stable PYY 3-36 Peptide Y 2 Receptor Agonists. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1369-1385. [PMID: 34272643 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The anorectic effect of PYY3-36 makes it a potential pharmacological weight loss treatment. Modifications of the endogenous peptide to obtain commercially attractive pharmacological and biophysical stability properties are examined. METHODS Half-life extended PYY3-36 analogues were prepared and examined regarding Y2-receptor potency as well as biophysical and stability properties. RESULTS Deamidation of asparagine in position 18 and 29 was observed upon incubation at 37°C. Asparagine in position 18 - but not position 29 - could be substituted to glutamine without detrimental effects on Y2-receptor potency. Covalent dimers were formed via the phenol impurity benzoquinone reacting with two N-terminal residues (Isoleucine-Lysine). Both residues had to be modified to suppress dimerization, which could be done without negatively affecting Y2-receptor potency or other stability/biophysical properties. Introduction of half-life extending modifications in position 30 and 35 eliminated aggregation at 37°C without negatively affecting other stability properties. Placement of a protracting moiety (fatty acid) in the receptor-binding C-terminal region reduced Y2-receptor potency substantially, whereas only minor effects of protractor position were observed on structural, biophysical or stability properties. Lipidated PYY3-36 analogues formed oligomers of various sizes depending on primary structure and solution conditions. CONCLUSIONS By rational design, a chemically and physically stable Y2-receptor selective, half-life extended PYY3-36 peptide has been developed.
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20
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Concentration- and pH-Dependent Oligomerization of the Thrombin-Derived C-Terminal Peptide TCP-25. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111572. [PMID: 33228042 PMCID: PMC7699335 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide oligomerization dynamics affects peptide structure, activity, and pharmacodynamic properties. The thrombin C-terminal peptide, TCP-25 (GKYGFYTHVFRLKKWIQKVIDQFGE), is currently in preclinical development for improved wound healing and infection prevention. It exhibits turbidity when formulated at pH 7.4, particularly at concentrations of 0.3 mM or more. We used biochemical and biophysical approaches to explore whether the peptide self-associates and forms oligomers. The peptide showed a dose-dependent increase in turbidity as well as α-helical structure at pH 7.4, a phenomenon not observed at pH 5.0. By analyzing the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, we demonstrate that TCP-25 is more stable at high concentrations (0.3 mM) when exposed to high temperatures or a high concentration of denaturant agents, which is compatible with oligomer formation. The denaturation process was reversible above 100 µM of peptide. Dynamic light scattering demonstrated that TCP-25 oligomerization is sensitive to changes in pH, time, and temperature. Computational modeling with an active 18-mer region of TCP-25 showed that the peptide can form pH-dependent higher-order end-to-end oligomers and micelle-like structures, which is in agreement with the experimental data. Thus, TCP-25 exhibits pH- and temperature-dependent dynamic changes involving helical induction and reversible oligomerization, which explains the observed turbidity of the pharmacologically developed formulation.
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21
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Half-life extension of peptidic APJ agonists by N-terminal lipid conjugation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127499. [PMID: 32858124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Agonism of the endothelial receptor APJ (putative receptor protein related to AT1; AT1: angiotensin II receptor type 1) has the potential to ameliorate congestive heart failure by increasing cardiac output without inducing hypertrophy. Although the endogenous agonist, pyr-apelin-13 (1), has shown beneficial APJ-mediated inotropic effects in rats and humans, such effects are short-lived given its extremely short half-life. Here, we report the conjugation of 1 to a fatty acid, providing a lipidated peptide (2) with increased stability that retains inotropic activity in an anesthetized rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. We also report the preparation of a library of 15-mer APJ agonist peptide-lipid conjugates, including adipoyl-γGlu-OEG-OEG-hArg-r-Q-hArg-P-r-NMeLeuSHK-G-Oic-pIPhe-P-DBip-OH (17), a potent APJ agonist with high plasma protein binding and a half-life suitable for once-daily subcutaneous dosing in rats. A correlation between subcutaneous absorption rate and lipid length/type of these conjugates is also reported.
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22
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Salameh TS, Rhea EM, Talbot K, Banks WA. Brain uptake pharmacokinetics of incretin receptor agonists showing promise as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114187. [PMID: 32755557 PMCID: PMC7606641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among the more promising treatments proposed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are those reducing brain insulin resistance. The antidiabetics in the class of incretin receptor agonists (IRAs) reduce symptoms and brain pathology in animal models of AD and PD, as well as glucose utilization in AD cases and clinical symptoms in PD cases after their systemic administration. At least 9 different IRAs are showing promise as AD and PD therapeutics, but we still lack quantitative data on their relative ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) reaching the brain parenchyma. We consequently compared brain uptake pharmacokinetics of intravenous 125I-labeled IRAs in adult CD-1 mice over the course of 60 min. We tested single IRAs (exendin-4, liraglutide, lixisenatide, and semaglutide), which bind receptors for one incretin (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]), and dual IRAs, which bind receptors for two incretins (GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]), including unbranched, acylated, PEGylated, or C-terminally modified forms (Finan/Ma Peptides 17, 18, and 20 and Hölscher peptides DA3-CH and DA-JC4). The non-acylated and non-PEGylated IRAs (exendin-4, lixisenatide, Peptide 17, DA3-CH and DA-JC4) had significant rates of blood-to-brain influx (Ki), but the acylated IRAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, and Peptide 18) did not measurably cross the BBB. The brain influx of the non-acylated, non-PEGylated IRAs were not saturable up to 1 μg of these drugs and was most likely mediated by adsorptive transcytosis across brain endothelial cells, as observed for exendin-4. Of the non-acylated, non-PEGylated IRAs tested, exendin-4 and DA-JC4 were best able to cross the BBB based on their rate of brain influx, percentage reaching the brain that accumulated in brain parenchyma, and percentage of the systemic dose taken up per gram of brain tissue. Exendin-4 and DA-JC4 thus merit special attention as IRAs well-suited to enter the central nervous system (CNS), thus reaching areas pathologic in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese S Salameh
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98498, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Rhea
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98498, USA
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Departments of Neurosurgery, Basic Sciences, and Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98498, USA.
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23
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Antimicrobial Excipient-Induced Reversible Association of Therapeutic Peptides in Parenteral Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:850-859. [PMID: 32980392 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New classes of therapeutic peptides are being developed to prosecute biological targets which have been inaccessible to other modalities. Higher potency and longer half-life peptides have given rise to multiuse injectable formulations that enable convenient, low volume, and self-administered dosing; however, inclusion of antimicrobial preservatives to meet bactericidal requirements can impact other attributes of peptide formulations. Peptide-preservative interactions influencing solution-phase self-association of a non-insulin, linear, palmitoylated 31 amino acid peptide and two structurally similar peptides were assessed via turbidity, intrinsic fluorescence shifts and quenching, isothermal titration calorimetry, and 1H NMR. Meta-cresol and phenol specifically interact with the peptide, result in increased hydrophobicity near the tryptophan residue, and induce conformational changes, while benzyl alcohol does not impact tryptophan fluorescence, demonstrate any interaction enthalpy, or induce conformational changes. These same trends did not hold true for the other palmitoylated peptides evaluated, reinforcing the impacts of unique peptide sequences. Importantly, the presence of benzyl alcohol does increase the physical stability and solubility of the linear, 31 amino acid peptide under salt stress. We report new insights into the physical interactions of peptides with antimicrobial excipients, demonstrating a reversible association phenomenon and highlighting practical implications for formulation design and excipient selection.
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24
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Staby A, Steensgaard DB, Haselmann KF, Marino JS, Bartholdy C, Videbæk N, Schelde O, Bosch-Traberg H, Spang LT, Asgreen DJ. Influence of Production Process and Scale on Quality of Polypeptide Drugs: a Case Study on GLP-1 Analogs. Pharm Res 2020; 37:120. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Frenkel-Pinter M, Samanta M, Ashkenasy G, Leman LJ. Prebiotic Peptides: Molecular Hubs in the Origin of Life. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4707-4765. [PMID: 32101414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental roles that peptides and proteins play in today's biology makes it almost indisputable that peptides were key players in the origin of life. Insofar as it is appropriate to extrapolate back from extant biology to the prebiotic world, one must acknowledge the critical importance that interconnected molecular networks, likely with peptides as key components, would have played in life's origin. In this review, we summarize chemical processes involving peptides that could have contributed to early chemical evolution, with an emphasis on molecular interactions between peptides and other classes of organic molecules. We first summarize mechanisms by which amino acids and similar building blocks could have been produced and elaborated into proto-peptides. Next, non-covalent interactions of peptides with other peptides as well as with nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, metal ions, and aromatic molecules are discussed in relation to the possible roles of such interactions in chemical evolution of structure and function. Finally, we describe research involving structural alternatives to peptides and covalent adducts between amino acids/peptides and other classes of molecules. We propose that ample future breakthroughs in origin-of-life chemistry will stem from investigations of interconnected chemical systems in which synergistic interactions between different classes of molecules emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Frenkel-Pinter
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, https://centerforchemicalevolution.com/.,School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mousumi Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Gonen Ashkenasy
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Luke J Leman
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, https://centerforchemicalevolution.com/.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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26
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Wolff M, Schüler A, Gast K, Seckler R, Evers A, Pfeiffer-Marek S, Kurz M, Nagel N, Haack T, Wagner M, Thalhammer A. Self-Assembly of Exendin-4-Derived Dual Peptide Agonists is Mediated by Acylation and Correlated to the Length of Conjugated Fatty Acyl Chains. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:965-978. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wolff
- Physical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anja Schüler
- Physical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Klaus Gast
- Physical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert Seckler
- Physical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Evers
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industrial Park Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kurz
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industrial Park Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Norbert Nagel
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industrial Park Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Torsten Haack
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industrial Park Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industrial Park Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Thalhammer
- Physical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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27
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Hutchinson JA, Hamley IW, Edwards-Gayle CJC, Castelletto V, Piras C, Cramer R, Kowalczyk R, Seitsonen J, Ruokolainen J, Rambo RP. Melanin production by tyrosinase activity on a tyrosine-rich peptide fragment and pH-dependent self-assembly of its lipidated analogue. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4543-4553. [PMID: 30994696 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the self-assembly of a palmitoylated (C16-chain at the N terminus) peptide fragment in comparison to the unlipidated peptide EELNRYY, a fragment of the gut hormone peptide PYY3-36. The lipopeptide C16-EELNRYY shows remarkable pH-dependent self-assembly above measured critical aggregation concentrations, forming fibrils at pH 7, but micelles at pH 10. The parent peptide does not show self-assembly behaviour. The lipopeptide forms hydrogels at sufficiently high concentration at pH 7, the dynamic mechanical properties of which were measured. We also show that the tyrosine functionality at the C terminus of EELNRYY can be used to enzymatically produce the pigment melanin. The enzyme tyrosinase oxidises tyrosine into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), DOPA-quinone and further products, eventually forming eumelanin. This is a mechanism of photo-protection in the skin, for this reason controlling tyrosinase activity is a major target for skin care applications and EELNRYY has potential to be developed for such uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hutchinson
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences. University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
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28
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Falk BT, Liang Y, McCoy MA. Profiling Insulin Oligomeric States by 1H NMR Spectroscopy for Formulation Development of Ultra-Rapid-Acting Insulin. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:922-926. [PMID: 31449814 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Formulations that can increase the dissociation of insulin oligomers into monomers/dimers are important considerations in the development of ultra-rapid-acting insulins with faster onset and shorter duration of actions. Here we present a novel strategy to characterize the oligomeric states of insulin in solution that leverages the ability of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess higher-order structure of proteins in solution. The oligomeric structures and solution behaviors of 2 fast-acting insulins, aspart and lispro, with varying excipient concentrations were studied using 1D and diffusion profiling methods. These methods can provide insight on the structural differences and distributions of the molecular association states in different insulin formulations, which is consistent with other orthogonal biophysical characterization tools. In addition, these methods also highlight their sensitivity to subtle changes in solution behaviors in response to excipient that are difficult to monitor with other tools. This work introduces the utility of 1D and diffusion profiling methods to characterize the oligomeric assembly of fast-acting insulins, suggesting promising applications in compound screening, excipient selection, and formulation development of fast-acting insulins as well as other peptide or protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T Falk
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Yingkai Liang
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Mark A McCoy
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033.
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29
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The Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Analog Teduglutide Reversibly Associates to Form Pentamers. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:775-784. [PMID: 31306652 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2 and their analog peptide therapeutics are known to reversibly associate to form oligomers. Here we report the association properties of the glucagon-like peptide 2 analog teduglutide at concentrations up to ∼15 mg/mL. Both sedimentation equilibrium (SE-AUC) and sedimentation velocity (SV-AUC) show that teduglutide dissociates completely to monomers below 0.1 mg/mL. SE-AUC shows that the apparent weight-average molar mass increases substantially between 0.1 and 1 mg/mL, reaching a maximum of ∼14.5 kDa (∼3.9-mer) near 2 mg/mL, and then falling at higher concentrations because of strong solution nonideality effects (highly positive second virial coefficient). Circular dichroism spectra over the range from 0.1 to 2 mg/mL show that self-association is accompanied by significant increases in alpha-helix content, and that the associated state has a distinct tertiary structure. The SV-AUC data up to 2.2 mg/mL are fitted fairly well by an ideal rapidly reversible monomer-pentamer association. The SE-AUC modeling included thermodynamic nonideality effects. SE-AUC data up to ∼15 mg/mL imply a monomer-pentamer association at lower concentrations, but the pentamers also appear to weakly associate to form decamers. These results illustrate the importance of directly modeling the solution nonideality effects, which if neglected would lead to an incorrect preferred stoichiometry.
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30
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Bothe JR, Andrews A, Smith KJ, Joyce LA, Krishnamachari Y, Kashi S. Peptide Oligomerization Memory Effects and Their Impact on the Physical Stability of the GLP-1 Agonist Liraglutide. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2153-2161. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Evers A, Pfeiffer-Marek S, Bossart M, Heubel C, Stock U, Tiwari G, Gebauer B, Elshorst B, Pfenninger A, Lukasczyk U, Hessler G, Kamm W, Wagner M. Peptide Optimization at the Drug Discovery-Development Interface: Tailoring of Physicochemical Properties Toward Specific Formulation Requirements. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1404-1414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Falk BT, Liang Y, McCoy MA. Diffusion Profiling of Therapeutic Proteins by Using Solution NMR Spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2019; 20:896-899. [PMID: 30515922 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing changes to structure and behavior is an important aspect of therapeutic protein development. NMR spectroscopy is well suited to study interactions and higher-order structure that could impact biological function and safety. We used NMR diffusion methods to describe the overall behavior of proteins in solution by defining a "diffusion profile" that captures the complexities in diffusion behavior. Diffusion profiles offer a simple means to interpret protein solution behavior as a distribution of sizes and association states. As a characterization method, diffusion profiling is well suited to complement and augment traditional biophysical and NMR methods to probe the solution behavior of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T Falk
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysics, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Yingkai Liang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Mark A McCoy
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysics, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
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33
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Hutchinson JA, Hamley IW, Torras J, Alemán C, Seitsonen J, Ruokolainen J. Self-Assembly of Lipopeptides Containing Short Peptide Fragments Derived from the Gastrointestinal Hormone PYY 3-36: From Micelles to Amyloid Fibrils. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:614-621. [PMID: 30609361 PMCID: PMC7005981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b11097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
investigate the impact of lipidation on the self-assembly of
two peptide fragments from the gastrointestinal peptide hormone PYY3–36. The lipopeptides C16IKPEAP and C16IKPEAPGE contain the first 6 and 8 amino acid residues, respectively,
from the PYY3–36 peptide sequence, with a palmitoyl
C16 tail attached at the N-terminus. These lipopeptides
form spherical micelles in aqueous solution, above a critical micelle
concentration (cmc), which is pH-dependent. Modeling of small-angle
X-ray scattering data along with molecular dynamics simulations shows
the formation of micelles with a hydrophobic interior and a well-hydrated
exterior. The lipopeptides have a disordered conformation over the
pH and temperature ranges studied. The cmc is found to be independent
of temperature, pointing to athermal micellization. In contrast to
the presence of hydrated micelles in solution, β-sheet amyloid
fibrils form in dried samples. Thus, the nanostructure of lipidated
PYY3–36 fragment peptides can be tuned by control
of pH or concentration, for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hutchinson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , United Kingdom
| | - Ian W Hamley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , United Kingdom
| | - Juan Torras
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering , Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE) Campus Diagonal Besòs , C/Eduard Maristany 10-14 , 08019 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering , Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE) Campus Diagonal Besòs , C/Eduard Maristany 10-14 , 08019 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jani Seitsonen
- Nanomicroscopy Center , Aalto University , Puumiehenkuja 2 , FIN-02150 Espoo , Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Nanomicroscopy Center , Aalto University , Puumiehenkuja 2 , FIN-02150 Espoo , Finland
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Yu M, Benjamin MM, Srinivasan S, Morin EE, Shishatskaya EI, Schwendeman SP, Schwendeman A. Battle of GLP-1 delivery technologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 130:113-130. [PMID: 30009885 PMCID: PMC6843995 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) belong to an important therapeutic class for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Six GLP-1 RAs, each utilizing a unique drug delivery strategy, are now approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and additional, novel GLP-1 RAs are still under development, making for a crowded marketplace and fierce competition among the manufacturers of these products. As rapid elimination is a major challenge for clinical application of GLP-1 RAs, various half-life extension strategies have been successfully employed including sequential modification, attachment of fatty-acid to peptide, fusion with human serum albumin, fusion with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of a monoclonal antibody, sustained drug delivery systems, and PEGylation. In this review, we discuss the scientific rationale of the various half-life extension strategies used for GLP-1 RA development. By analyzing and comparing different approved GLP-1 RAs and those in development, we focus on assessing how half-life extending strategies impact the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, patient usability and ultimately, the commercial success of GLP-1 RA products. We also anticipate future GLP-1 RA development trends. Since similar drug delivery strategies are also applied for developing other therapeutic peptides, we expect this case study of GLP-1 RAs will provide generalizable concepts for the rational design of therapeutic peptides products with extended duration of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Mason M Benjamin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | | | - Emily E Morin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina I Shishatskaya
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnuy Ave, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russian Federation; Institute of Biophysics SBRAS, 50 Akademgorodok, 660036, Russian Federation
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America; Biointerfaces Institute, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America; Biointerfaces Institute, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
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35
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Gajahi Soudahome A, Catan A, Giraud P, Assouan Kouao S, Guerin-Dubourg A, Debussche X, Le Moullec N, Bourdon E, Bravo SB, Paradela-Dobarro B, Álvarez E, Meilhac O, Rondeau P, Couprie J. Glycation of human serum albumin impairs binding to the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4778-4791. [PMID: 29414771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.815274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide has proven efficiency in the management of type 2 diabetes and also has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. Liraglutide's protracted action highly depends on its capacity to bind to albumin via its palmitic acid part. However, in diabetes, albumin can undergo glycation, resulting in impaired drug binding. Our objective in this study was to assess the impact of human serum albumin (HSA) glycation on liraglutide affinity. Using fluorine labeling of the drug and 19F NMR, we determined HSA affinity for liraglutide in two glycated albumin models. We either glycated HSA in vitro by incubation with glucose (G25- or G100-HSA) or methylglyoxal (MGO-HSA) or purified in vivo glycated HSA from the plasma of diabetic patients with poor glycemic control. Nonglycated commercial HSA (G0-HSA) and HSA purified from plasma of healthy individuals served as controls. We found that glycation decreases affinity for liraglutide by 7-fold for G100-HSA and by 5-fold for MGO-HSA compared with G0-HSA. A similarly reduced affinity was observed for HSA purified from diabetic individuals compared with HSA from healthy individuals. Our results reveal that glycation significantly impairs HSA affinity to liraglutide and confirm that glycation contributes to liraglutide's variable therapeutic efficiency, depending on diabetes stage. Because diabetes is a progressive disease, the effect of glycated albumin on liraglutide affinity found here is important to consider when diabetes is managed with this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Gajahi Soudahome
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapie Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Aurélie Catan
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapie Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Giraud
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapie Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Sandrine Assouan Kouao
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapie Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Alexis Guerin-Dubourg
- Services de Cardiologie et de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Gabriel Martin, 97866 Saint-Paul, France
| | - Xavier Debussche
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Nutrition, et Diabétologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; CIC1410 INSERM, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - Nathalie Le Moullec
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Nutrition, et Diabétologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; CIC1410 INSERM, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourdon
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapie Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Proteomic Unit and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERCV, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Paradela-Dobarro
- Proteomic Unit and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERCV, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Proteomic Unit and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERCV, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapie Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHU de La Réunion, 97448 Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapie Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.
| | - Joël Couprie
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapie Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.
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36
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Erak M, Bellmann-Sickert K, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Peptide chemistry toolbox - Transforming natural peptides into peptide therapeutics. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2759-2765. [PMID: 29395804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid phase peptide synthesis has released tremendous opportunities for using synthetic peptides in medicinal applications. In the last decades, peptide therapeutics became an emerging market in pharmaceutical industry. The need for synthetic strategies in order to improve peptidic properties, such as longer half-life, higher bioavailability, increased potency and efficiency is accordingly rising. In this mini-review, we present a toolbox of modifications in peptide chemistry for overcoming the main drawbacks during the transition from natural peptides to peptide therapeutics. Modifications at the level of the peptide backbone, amino acid side chains and higher orders of structures are described. Furthermore, we are discussing the future of peptide therapeutics development and their impact on the pharmaceutical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Erak
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bellmann-Sickert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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37
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Zapadka KL, Becher FJ, Gomes Dos Santos AL, Jackson SE. Factors affecting the physical stability (aggregation) of peptide therapeutics. Interface Focus 2017; 7:20170030. [PMID: 29147559 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of biological therapeutic agents in the clinic and development pipeline has increased dramatically over the last decade and the number will undoubtedly continue to increase in the coming years. Despite this fact, there are considerable challenges in the development, production and formulation of such biologics particularly with respect to their physical stabilities. There are many cases where self-association to form either amorphous aggregates or highly structured fibrillar species limits their use. Here, we review the numerous factors that influence the physical stability of peptides including both intrinsic and external factors, wherever possible illustrating these with examples that are of therapeutic interest. The effects of sequence, concentration, pH, net charge, excipients, chemical degradation and modification, surfaces and interfaces, and impurities are all discussed. In addition, the effects of physical parameters such as pressure, temperature, agitation and lyophilization are described. We provide an overview of the structures of aggregates formed, as well as our current knowledge of the mechanisms for their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederik J Becher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Sophie E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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38
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Controlling the bioactivity of a peptide hormone in vivo by reversible self-assembly. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1026. [PMID: 29044101 PMCID: PMC5647335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of peptides as therapeutic agents is undergoing a renaissance with the expectation of new drugs with enhanced levels of efficacy and safety. Their clinical potential will be only fully realised once their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties have been precisely controlled. Here we demonstrate a reversible peptide self-assembly strategy to control and prolong the bioactivity of a native peptide hormone in vivo. We show that oxyntomodulin, a peptide with potential to treat obesity and diabetes, self-assembles into a stable nanofibril formulation which subsequently dissociates to release active peptide and produces a pharmacological effect in vivo. The subcutaneous administration of the nanofibrils in rats results in greatly prolonged exposure, with a constant oxyntomodulin bioactivity detectable in serum for at least 5 days as compared to free oxyntomodulin which is undetectable after only 4 h. Such an approach is simple, cost-efficient and generic in addressing the limitations of peptide therapeutics. The clinical potential of peptide therapeutic agents can only be fully realised once their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties are precisely controlled. Here the authors show a reversible peptide self-assembly strategy to control and prolong the bioactivity of a native peptide hormone in vivo.
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39
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Chang C, Liang P, Chen L, Liu J, Chen S, Zheng G, Quan C. pH-responsive nanoparticle assembly from peptide amphiphiles for tumor targeting drug delivery. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1338-1350. [PMID: 28467173 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1325095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the peptide amphiphiles (PA) which consists of RGDSEEEEEEEEEEK as pH-sensitive segment and stearic acid as hydrophobic segment named RGDS-E10-Lys(C18) was successfully synthesized. TEM images showed that uniformly dispersed nanoparticles could be formed by PA molecules in pH 7.4 medium, however, disintegrated in pH 5.0 medium. Circular dichroism (CD) spectrum indicated that polypeptide adopted a random-coil conformation in neutral medium (pH 7.4). The CD signal was significantly attenuate for decreased solubility of PA in medium with pH 5.0. As expected, the prepared RGDS-E10-Lys(C18) assembly showed high pH-sensitive property which demonstrated a much more rapid drug release from micelles in tumor tissue (acidic environment) than in physiological environment (neutral environment). After DOX-loaded micelles incubated with tumor cells, the cytotoxicity of the micelles against Hela cells was increased obviously, indicating the great potential of micelles developed here as promising vehicle for targeted pH-responsive drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chang
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription of Ministry of Education , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Peiqing Liang
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Linlin Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription of Ministry of Education , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription of Ministry of Education , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Shihong Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription of Ministry of Education , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription of Ministry of Education , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Changyun Quan
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P. R. China
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40
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Graaf CD, Donnelly D, Wootten D, Lau J, Sexton PM, Miller LJ, Ahn JM, Liao J, Fletcher MM, Yang D, Brown AJH, Zhou C, Deng J, Wang MW. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Its Class B G Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Long March to Therapeutic Successes. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:954-1013. [PMID: 27630114 PMCID: PMC5050443 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.011395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates the action of GLP-1, a peptide hormone secreted from three major tissues in humans, enteroendocrine L cells in the distal intestine, α cells in the pancreas, and the central nervous system, which exerts important actions useful in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, including glucose homeostasis and regulation of gastric motility and food intake. Peptidic analogs of GLP-1 have been successfully developed with enhanced bioavailability and pharmacological activity. Physiologic and biochemical studies with truncated, chimeric, and mutated peptides and GLP-1R variants, together with ligand-bound crystal structures of the extracellular domain and the first three-dimensional structures of the 7-helical transmembrane domain of class B GPCRs, have provided the basis for a two-domain-binding mechanism of GLP-1 with its cognate receptor. Although efforts in discovering therapeutically viable nonpeptidic GLP-1R agonists have been hampered, small-molecule modulators offer complementary chemical tools to peptide analogs to investigate ligand-directed biased cellular signaling of GLP-1R. The integrated pharmacological and structural information of different GLP-1 analogs and homologous receptors give new insights into the molecular determinants of GLP-1R ligand selectivity and functional activity, thereby providing novel opportunities in the design and development of more efficacious agents to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Dan Donnelly
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Denise Wootten
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Jesper Lau
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Jiayu Liao
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Madeleine M Fletcher
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Dehua Yang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Alastair J H Brown
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Caihong Zhou
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Jiejie Deng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
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Hutchinson JA, Burholt S, Hamley IW. Peptide hormones and lipopeptides: from self-assembly to therapeutic applications. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:82-94. [PMID: 28127868 PMCID: PMC5324658 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the properties and activities of lipopeptides and peptide hormones and how the lipidation of peptide hormones could potentially produce therapeutic agents combating some of the most prevalent diseases and conditions. The self‐assembly of these types of molecules is outlined, and how this can impact on bioactivity. Peptide hormones specific to the uptake of food and produced in the gastrointestinal tract are discussed in detail. The advantages of lipidated peptide hormones over natural peptide hormones are summarised, in terms of stability and renal clearance, with potential application as therapeutic agents. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Peptide Science published by European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hutchinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - S Burholt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - I W Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
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van Witteloostuijn SB, Mannerstedt K, Wismann P, Bech EM, Thygesen MB, Vrang N, Jelsing J, Jensen KJ, Pedersen SL. Neoglycolipids for Prolonging the Effects of Peptides: Self-Assembling Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Analogues with Albumin Binding Properties and Potent in Vivo Efficacy. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:193-205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren B. van Witteloostuijn
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej
11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | | | - Pernille Wismann
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej
11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Esben M. Bech
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej
11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej
11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Jacob Jelsing
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej
11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
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43
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Abstract
A number of novel lipopeptides have been studied for their possible therapeutic potential. These studies should be supported by the appropriate analytical tools not only for novel potential drugs but also for their metabolites, precursors and side products. Lipopeptides have specific physicochemical properties that make them successful in medical applications. However, there are some difficulties with their qualitative and quantitative analyses in biological samples. Therefore, reliable, sensitive and robust analytical methods are in high demand. The main interest of our review is to describe a selection of specific and important properties of lipopeptides, and the analytical methods currently utilized for their characterization and determination in biological samples. A comparison of the pros and cons of immunomethods versus LC-MS methods is discussed in detail.
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44
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D'Addio SM, Bothe JR, Neri C, Walsh PL, Zhang J, Pierson E, Mao Y, Gindy M, Leone A, Templeton AC. New and Evolving Techniques for the Characterization of Peptide Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2989-3006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Hamley IW, Castelletto V. Self-Assembly of Peptide Bioconjugates: Selected Recent Research Highlights. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 28:731-739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Castelletto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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46
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Guryanov I, Bondesan A, Visentini D, Orlandin A, Biondi B, Toniolo C, Formaggio F, Ricci A, Zanon J, Cabri W. Innovative chemical synthesis and conformational hints on the lipopeptide liraglutide. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:471-9. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Guryanov
- Fresenius Kabi Anti-Infectives Srl; 45010 Villadose (RO) Italy
- Institute of Chemistry; St. Petersburg State University; 198504 Petrodvorets St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alex Bondesan
- Fresenius Kabi Anti-Infectives Srl; 45010 Villadose (RO) Italy
| | - Dario Visentini
- Fresenius Kabi Anti-Infectives Srl; 45010 Villadose (RO) Italy
| | - Andrea Orlandin
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi Anti-Infectives Srl; 45010 Villadose (RO) Italy
| | - Jacopo Zanon
- Fresenius Kabi Anti-Infectives Srl; 45010 Villadose (RO) Italy
| | - Walter Cabri
- Fresenius Kabi Anti-Infectives Srl; 45010 Villadose (RO) Italy
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47
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Frederiksen TM, Sønderby P, Ryberg LA, Harris P, Bukrinski JT, Scharff-Poulsen AM, Elf-Lind MN, Peters GH. Oligomerization of a Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Analog: Bridging Experiment and Simulations. Biophys J 2015; 109:1202-13. [PMID: 26340816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog, liraglutide, is a GLP-1 agonist and is used in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. From a pharmaceutical perspective, it is important to know the oligomerization state of liraglutide with respect to stability. Compared to GLP-1, liraglutide has an added fatty acid (FA) moiety that causes oligomerization of liraglutide as suggested by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and multiangle static light scattering (MALS) results. SAXS data suggested a global shape of a hollow elliptical cylinder of size hexa-, hepta-, or octamer, whereas MALS data indicate a hexamer. To elaborate further on the stability of these oligomers and the role of the FA chains, a series of molecular-dynamics simulations were carried out on 11 different hexa-, hepta-, and octameric systems. Our results indicate that interactions of the fatty acid chains contribute noticeably to the stabilization. The simulation results indicate that the heptamer with paired FA chains is the most stable oligomer when compared to the 10 other investigated structures. Theoretical SAXS curves extracted from the simulations qualitatively agree with the experimentally determined SAXS curves supporting the view that liraglutide forms heptamers in solution. In agreement with the SAXS data, the heptamer forms a water-filled oligomer of elliptical cylindrical shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine M Frederiksen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Sønderby
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line A Ryberg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Maria N Elf-Lind
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Günther H Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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