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Chary PS, Bansode A, Rajana N, Bhavana V, Singothu S, Sharma A, Guru SK, Bhandari V, Mehra NK. Enhancing breast cancer treatment: Comprehensive study of gefitinib-loaded poloxamer 407/TPGS mixed micelles through design, development, in-silico modelling, In-Vitro testing, and Ex-Vivo characterization. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124109. [PMID: 38626846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to pose a substantial global health challenge, emphasizing the critical need for the advancement of novel therapeutic approaches. Key players in the regulation of apoptosis, a fundamental process in cell death, are the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, namely Bcl-2 and Bax. These proteins have garnered attention as highly promising targets for the treatment of breast cancer. Targeting the overexpressed anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in breast cancer, Gefitinib (GEF), an EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) inhibitor, emerges as a potential solution. This study focuses on designing Gefitinib-loaded polymeric mixed micelles (GPMM) using poloxamer 407 and TPGS (D-alpha tocopherol PEG1000 succinate) for breast cancer therapy. In silico analyses unveil strong interactions between GEF- Bcl-2 and TPGS-Pgp-2 receptors, indicating efficacy against breast cancer. Molecular dynamics simulations offer insights into GEF and TPGS interactions within the micelles. Formulation optimization via Design of Experiment ensures particle size and entrapment efficiency within acceptable ranges. Characterization tools such as zeta sizer, ATR-FTIR, XRD, TEM, AFM, NMR, TGA, and DSC confirms particle size, structure, functional groups, and thermodynamic events. The optimized micelles exhibit a particle size of 22.34 ± 0.18 nm, PDI of 0.038 ± 0.009, and zeta potential of -0.772 ± 0.12 mV. HPLC determines 95.67 ± 0.34% entrapment efficiency and 1.05 ± 0.12% drug loading capacity. In-vitro studies with MDA-MB-231 cell lines demonstrate enhanced cytotoxicity of GPMM compared to free GEF, suggesting its potential in breast cancer therapy. Cell cycle analysis reveals apoptosis induction through key apoptotic proteins. Western blot results confirm GPMM's ability to trigger apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by activating caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and Parp. In conclusion, these polymeric mixed micelles show promise in selectively targeting cancer cells, warranting future in-vivo studies for optimized clinical application against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padakanti Sandeep Chary
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Ankush Bansode
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Naveen Rajana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Valamla Bhavana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Siva Singothu
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Vasundhra Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
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Raju B, Narendra G, Verma H, Kumar M, Sapra B, Kaur G, Jain SK, Sandeep Chary P, Mehra NK, Silakari O. Scaffold hopping for designing of potent and selective CYP1B1 inhibitors to overcome docetaxel resistance: synthesis and evaluation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38356135 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1, a tumor-specific overexpressed enzyme, significantly impairs the pharmacokinetics of several commonly used anticancer drugs including docetaxel, paclitaxel and cisplatin, leading to the problem of resistance to these drugs. Currently, there is no CYP1B1 inhibition-based adjuvant therapy available to treat this resistance problem. Hence, in the current study, exhaustive in-silico studies including scaffold hopping followed by molecular docking, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR), molecular dynamics and free energy perturbation studies were carried out to identify potent and selective CYP1B1 inhibitors. Initially, scaffold hopping analysis was performed against a well-reported potent and selective CYP1B1 inhibitor (i.e. compound 3n). A total of 200 scaffolds were identified along with their shape and field similarity scores. The top three scaffolds were further selected on the basis of these scores and their synthesis feasibility to design some potent and selective CYP1B1 inhibitors using the aforementioned in-silico techniques. Designed molecules were further synthesized to evaluate their CYP1B1 inhibitory activity and docetaxel resistance reversal potential against CYP1B1 overexpressed drug resistance MCF-7 cell line. In-vitro results indicated that compounds 2a, 2c and 2d manifested IC50 values for CYP1B1 ranging from 0.075, 0.092 to 0.088 μM with at least 10-fold selectivity. At low micromolar concentrations, compounds 1e, 1f, 2a and 2d exhibited promising cytotoxic effects in the docetaxel-resistant CYP1B1 overexpressed MCF-7 cell line. In particular, compound 2a is most effective in reversing the resistance with IC50 of 29.0 ± 3.6 μM. All of these discoveries could pave the way for the development of adjuvant therapy capable of overcoming CYP1B1-mediated resistance.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baddipadige Raju
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gera Narendra
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Bharti Sapra
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Center for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Center for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Padakanti Sandeep Chary
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Gatou MA, Vagena IA, Pippa N, Gazouli M, Pavlatou EA, Lagopati N. The Use of Crystalline Carbon-Based Nanomaterials (CBNs) in Various Biomedical Applications. CRYSTALS 2023; 13:1236. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst13081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This review study aims to present, in a condensed manner, the significance of the use of crystalline carbon-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications. Crystalline carbon-based nanomaterials, encompassing graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and graphene quantum dots, have emerged as promising materials for the development of medical devices in various biomedical applications. These materials possess inorganic semiconducting attributes combined with organic π-π stacking features, allowing them to efficiently interact with biomolecules and present enhanced light responses. By harnessing these unique properties, carbon-based nanomaterials offer promising opportunities for future advancements in biomedicine. Recent studies have focused on the development of these nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment, and biosensors. The conjugation and modification of carbon-based nanomaterials have led to significant advancements in a plethora of therapies and have addressed limitations in preclinical biomedical applications. Furthermore, the wide-ranging therapeutic advantages of carbon nanotubes have been thoroughly examined in the context of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Anna Gatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna-Aglaia Vagena
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
| | - Evangelia A. Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Rana A, Adhikary M, Singh PK, Das BC, Bhatnagar S. "Smart" drug delivery: A window to future of translational medicine. Front Chem 2023; 10:1095598. [PMID: 36688039 PMCID: PMC9846181 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1095598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the mainstay of cancer treatment today. Chemotherapeutic drugs are non-selective and can harm both cancer and healthy cells, causing a variety of adverse effects such as lack of specificity, cytotoxicity, short half-life, poor solubility, multidrug resistance, and acquiring cancer stem-like characteristics. There is a paradigm shift in drug delivery systems (DDS) with the advent of smarter ways of targeted cancer treatment. Smart Drug Delivery Systems (SDDSs) are stimuli responsive and can be modified in chemical structure in response to light, pH, redox, magnetic fields, and enzyme degradation can be future of translational medicine. Therefore, SDDSs have the potential to be used as a viable cancer treatment alternative to traditional chemotherapy. This review focuses mostly on stimuli responsive drug delivery, inorganic nanocarriers (Carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, Meso-porous silica nanoparticles, quantum dots etc.), organic nanocarriers (Dendrimers, liposomes, micelles), antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and small molecule drug conjugates (SMDC) based SDDSs for targeted cancer therapy and strategies of targeted drug delivery systems in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Rana
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meheli Adhikary
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhudev C. Das
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India,Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Bhatnagar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India,*Correspondence: Seema Bhatnagar,
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Brindhadevi K, Garalleh HAL, Alalawi A, Al-Sarayreh E, Pugazhendhi A. Carbon nanomaterials: Types, synthesis strategies and their application as drug delivery system for Cancer therapy. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of Stabilized Polymeric mixed micelles for Effective Management in Cancer Therapy. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2761-2780. [PMID: 36171346 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the most common and fatal disease, chemotherapy is the major treatment against many cancer types. The anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein's expression was increased in many cancer types and Venetoclax (VLX; BCL-2 inhibitor) is a small molecule, which selectively inhibits this specified protein. In order to increase the clinical performance of this promising inhibitor as a repurposed drug, polymeric mixed micelles formulations approach was explored. METHODS The Venetoclax loaded polymeric mixed micelles (VPMM) were prepared by using Pluronic® F-127 and alpha tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as excipients by thin film hydration method and characteristics. The percentage drug loading capacity, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release studies were performed using HPLC method. The cytotoxicity assay, cell uptake and anticancer activities were evaluated in two different cancer cells i.e. MCF-7 (breast cancer) and A-549 (lung cancer). RESULTS Particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of the VPMM was found to be 72.88 ± 0.09 nm, 0.078 ± 0.009 and -4.29 ± 0.24 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiency and %drug loading were found to be 80.12 ± 0.23% and 2.13% ± 0.14%, respectively. The IC50 of VLX was found to be 4.78, 1.30, 0.94 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively in MCF-7 cells and 1.24, 0.68, and 0.314 µg/ml at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively in A549 cells. Whereas, IC50 of VPMM was found to be 0.42, 0.29, 0.09 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively in MCF-7 cells and 0.85, 0.13, 0.008 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72 h in A549 cells, respectively, indicating VPMM showing better anti-cancer activity compared to VLX. The VPMM showed better cytotoxicity which was further proven by other assays and explained the anti-cancer activity is shown through the generation of ROS, nuclear damage,apoptotic cell death and expression of caspase-3,7, and 9 activities in apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION The current investigation revealed that the Venetoclax loaded polymeric mixed micelles (VPMM) revealed the enhanced therapeutic efficacy against breast and lung cancer in vitro models.
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Molecular dynamics simulation study of doxorubicin adsorption on functionalized carbon nanotubes with folic acid and tryptophan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24210. [PMID: 34930942 PMCID: PMC8688492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to study the adsorption of the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), on the wall or surface of pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) in an aqueous solution. Initially, the CNTs were functionalized by tryptophan (Trp) and folic acid (FA), and then the DOX molecules were added to the system. The simulation results showed that the drug molecules can intensely interact with the FCNTs at physiological pH. Furthermore, it was found that as a result of functionalization, the solubility of FCNTs in an aqueous solution increases significantly. The effect of pH variation on drug release from both pristine and FCNTs was also investigated. The obtained results indicated that in acidic environments due to protonation of functional groups (Trp) and as a result of repulsive interaction between the DOX molecule and functional groups, the release of DOX molecules from FCNT’s surface is facilitated. The drug release is also strongly dependent on the pH and protonated state of DOX and FCNT.
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Debnath SK, Srivastava R. Drug Delivery With Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Versatile Nanocarriers: Progress and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.644564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing interest, a large number of researches have been conducted on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs). However, their uses are limited due to comprehensive potential environmental and human health effects. It is often confusing for researchers to make an informed choice regarding the versatile carbon-based nanocarrier system and its potential applications. This review has highlighted emerging applications and cutting-edge progress of CBNs in drug delivery. Some critical factors like enzymatic degradation, surface modification, biological interactions, and bio-corona have been discussed here. These factors will help to fabricate CBNs for effective drug delivery. This review also addresses recent advancements in carbon-based target specific and release controlled drug delivery to improve disease treatment. The scientific community has turned their research efforts into the development of novel production methods of CBNs to make their production more attractive to the industrial sector. Due to the nanosize and diversified physical properties, these CBNs have demonstrated distinct biological interaction. Thus long-term preclinical toxicity study is recommended before finally translating to clinical application.
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Murugesan R, Raman S. Recent trends in carbon nanotubes based prostate cancer therapy: A biomedical hybrid for diagnosis and treatment. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:229-237. [PMID: 33655834 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210224101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
At present treatment methods for cancer are limited, partially due to the solubility, poor cellular distribution of drug molecules and, the incapability of drugs to annoy the cellular barriers. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) generally have excellent physio-chemical properties, which include high-level penetration into the cell membrane, high surface area and high capacity of drug loading by in circulating modification with bio-molecules, project them as an appropriate candidate to diagnose and deliver drugs to prostate cancer (PCa). Additionally, the chemically modified CNTs which have excellent 'Biosensing' properties therefore makes it easy for detecting PCa without fluorescent agent and thus targets the particular site of PCa and also, Drug delivery can accomplish a high efficacy, enhanced permeability with less toxic effects. While CNTs have been mainly engaged in cancer treatment, a few studies are focussed on the diagnosis and treatment of PCa. Here, we detailly reviewed the current progress of the CNTs based diagnosis and targeted drug delivery system for managing and curing PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Murugesan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty. India
| | - Sureshkumar Raman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty. India
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Majumder J, Minko T. Multifunctional and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for targeted therapeutic delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:205-227. [PMID: 32969740 PMCID: PMC7904578 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1828339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanocarrier-based delivery systems offer multiple benefits to overcome limitations of the traditional drug dosage forms, such as protection of the drug, enhanced bioavailability, targeted delivery to disease site, etc. Nanocarriers have exhibited tremendous successes in targeted delivery of therapeutics to the desired tissues and cells with improved bioavailability, high drug loading capacity, enhanced intracellular delivery, and better therapeutic effect. A specific design of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers allows for changing their structural and physicochemical properties in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli. These nanocarriers show a promise in site specific controlled release of therapeutics under certain physiological conditions or external stimuli. AREAS COVERED This review highlights recent progresses on the multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive nanocarriers for targeted therapeutic drug delivery applications. EXPERT OPINION The progress from single functional to multifunctional nanocarriers has shown tremendous potential for targeted delivery of therapeutics. On our opinion, the future of targeted delivery of drugs, nucleic acids, and other substances belongs to the site-targeted multifunctional and stimuli-based nanoparticles with controlled release. Targeting of nanocarriers to the disease site enhance the efficacy of the treatment by delivering more therapeutics specifically to the affected cells and substantially limiting adverse side effects upon healthy organs, tissues, and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Majumder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Vyas M, Simbo DA, Mursalin M, Mishra V, Bashary R, Khatik GL. Drug Delivery Approaches for Doxorubicin in the Management of Cancers. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716666191216114950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim:
We aimed to review the drug delivery approaches including a novel drug delivery
system of doxorubicin as an important anticancer drug.
Background:
Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used against breast, uterine, ovarian, lung and cervical
cancer. It is listed among the essential medicines by WHO and is thus a very important drug
that can be used to fight against cancer. Despite its effectiveness, the use of the drug is limited due
to its dose-dependent toxicity. Several studies based on the DOX have suggested the need for
novel drug delivery formulations in the treatment of malignant and cancerous diseases due to its
cytotoxic nature.
Objectives:
This review focuses on the different formulations of DOX which is a useful drug in the
management of cancers, but associated with toxicity thus these approaches found applicability in
the reduction of its toxicity.
Methods:
We searched the scientific database using cancer, DOX, and different formulations as
the keywords. Here in only peer-reviewed research articles collected which were useful to our
current work.
Results:
This study is based on an examination of the recent advancements of its novel drug delivery
formulations. DOX hydrochloride is the first liposomal anticancer drug, administered via
the intravenous route, and also clinically approved for the treatment of lymphomas, leukemias,
and solid tumors. DOX is prepared into a liposomal formulation that contains polyethylene glycol
(PEG) layer around DOX containing liposome made by pegylation process. DOX also formulated
in nano-formulations which is also discussed herein led to reduced toxicity and increased efficacy.
Conclusion:
In the review, we described the significance of DOX in the form of different delivery
approaches in the management of cancers with a reduction in the associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Vyas
- Department of Ayurveda, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Daniel A. Simbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Mohd. Mursalin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Roqia Bashary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Gopal L. Khatik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
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Current Perspectives on Therapies, Including Drug Delivery Systems, for Managing Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2962-2977. [PMID: 32945654 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a standout among the most dangerous class of central nervous system (CNS) cancer, is most common and is an aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. In spite of developments in modality therapy, it remains mostly incurable. Consequently, the need for novel systems, strategies, or therapeutic approaches for enhancing the assortment of active agents meant for GBM becomes an important criterion. Currently, cancer research focuses mainly on improving the treatment of GBM via diverse novel drug delivery systems. The treatment options at diagnosis are multimodal and include radiation therapy. Moreover, significant advances in understanding the molecular pathology of GBM and associated cell signaling pathways have opened opportunities for new therapies. Innovative treatment such as immunotherapy also gives hope for enhanced survival. The objective of this work was to collect and report the recent research findings to manage GBM. The present review includes existing novel drug delivery systems and therapies intended for managing GBM. Reported novel drug delivery systems and diverse therapies seem to be precise, secure, and relatively effective, which could lead to a new track for the obliteration of GBM.
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Saleemi M, Kong Y, Yong P, Wong E. An overview of recent development in therapeutic drug carrier system using carbon nanotubes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Omurtag Ozgen PS, Atasoy S, Zengin Kurt B, Durmus Z, Yigit G, Dag A. Glycopolymer decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for dual targeted breast cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3123-3137. [PMID: 32211704 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02711d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted great attention in biomedical applications such as cancer imaging and therapy. CNMs, which are currently used in a wide range of applications, suffer from drawbacks of toxicity and low biocompatibility. Either noncovalent or covalent functionalization of CNMs with hydrophilic and biocompatible polymers which help to block hydrophobic interactivity between CNMs and cells can greatly increase their biocompatibility by eliminating their probable toxicity towards living organisms. In this report, we present a comparison of both noncovalent and covalent functionalization approaches in order to introduce a biocompatible glycoblock copolymer onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in order to enhance their potential in therapies. An anticancer drug (doxorubicin, Dox) was conjugated with two different end functionalized poly(1-O-methacryloyl-β-d-fructopyranose-b-(2-methacryloxyethoxy))benzaldehyde glycoblock copolymers, which were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, by either noncovalent or covalent tethering. CNTs were coated separately with the synthesized drug-conjugated glycoblock copolymers and folic acid (FA) to obtain an efficient drug delivery platform for dual-targeting of glucose transporter protein (GLUT5) and folic acid receptors (FR) in breast cancer. A library of synthesized monomers, polymers and prepared glycoblock copolymer coated CNTs (hybrid-CNTs) using both approaches were comprehensively characterized by various techniques. Transmission electron microscopy measurements showed the homogeneous, smooth morphology of the prepared Dox-conjugated glycoblock copolymer coating of CNTs and confocal laser scanning microscopy images displayed successful cellular internalization of hybrid-CNTs in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. This research demonstrates the potential of hybrid-CNTs as a biocompatible drug delivery system as well as in vitro use of Dox-conjugated vehicles for dual receptor mediated breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Sinem Omurtag Ozgen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, 34815, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cheng YH, He C, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Lin Z. Meta-Analysis of Nanoparticle Delivery to Tumors Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation Approach. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3075-3095. [PMID: 32078303 PMCID: PMC7098057 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have engineered nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties to enhance the delivery efficiency to solid tumors, yet the mean and median delivery efficiencies are only 1.48% and 0.70% of the injected dose (%ID), respectively, according to a study using a nonphysiologically based modeling approach based on published data from 2005 to 2015. In this study, we used physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to analyze 376 data sets covering a wide range of nanomedicines published from 2005 to 2018 and found mean and median delivery efficiencies at the last sampling time point of 2.23% and 0.76%ID, respectively. Also, the mean and median delivery efficiencies were 2.24% and 0.76%ID at 24 h and were decreased to 1.23% and 0.35%ID at 168 h, respectively, after intravenous administration. While these delivery efficiencies appear to be higher than previous findings, they are still quite low and represent a critical barrier in the clinical translation of nanomedicines. We explored the potential causes of this poor delivery efficiency using the more mechanistic PBPK perspective applied to a subset of gold nanoparticles and found that low delivery efficiency was associated with low distribution and permeability coefficients at the tumor site (P < 0.01). We also demonstrate how PBPK modeling and simulation can be used as an effective tool to investigate tumor delivery efficiency of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Cheng
- Institute
of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy
and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Nanotechnology
Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Department of Anatomy and
Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Chunla He
- Institute
of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy
and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jim E. Riviere
- Institute
of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy
and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- 1Data
Consortium, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere
- Nanotechnology
Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Department of Anatomy and
Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute
of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy
and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Nanotechnology
Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Department of Anatomy and
Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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16
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Thotakura N, Sharma S, Khurana RK, Babu PV, Chitkara D, Kumar V, Singh B, Raza K. Aspartic acid tagged carbon nanotubols as a tool to deliver docetaxel to breast cancer cells: Reduced hemotoxicity with improved cytotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 59:126-134. [PMID: 30986424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the potential of hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTnols) conjugated with aspartic acid for the delivery of docetaxel (DTX) to breast cancer cells. The conjugate was well-characterized by FT-IR, NMR, XRD and FE-SEM. The nanoconjugate offered a hydrodynamic diameter of 86.31 ± 1.02 nm, with a PDI of 0.113 and zeta potential of -41.6 ± 0.17 mV. The designed nanosystem offered a controlled & pH dependent release vouching release of drug in the cancerous cytosol, not in blood, assuring delivery of the pay-load to the site of action. The carriers offered substantial hemocompatibility and lower plasma protein binding, ensuring more drug available at the site of action. The in-vitro cell viability studies in MDA MB-231 cells inferred approx. 2.8 times enhancement in the cytotoxicity potential of the conjugate vis-à-vis plain drug. Pharmacokinetic studies also corroborated the superiority of the designed nanoconjugate in terms of enhanced bioavailable fractions, reduced clearance and longer bioresidence to that of plain docetaxel. The present studies, successfully provide a workable nanomedicine, loaded with a BCS class-IV drug, for improved efficacy and safety in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarani Thotakura
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Dist. Ajmer, Rajasthan 305 817, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS), Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Rajneet Kaur Khurana
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Penke Vijaya Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS), Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Dist. Ajmer, Rajasthan 305 817, India.
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India; UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Dist. Ajmer, Rajasthan 305 817, India.
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17
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Prajapati SK, Jain A, Shrivastava C, Jain AK. Hyaluronic acid conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for colon cancer targeting. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:691-703. [PMID: 30445095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the present research was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo potential of gemcitabine (GEM) loaded hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs) for effective colon cancer targeting. HA was conjugated onto the surface of aminated or PEGylated MWCNTs which were evaluated for size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency (~90%), in vitro drug release, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo performance in Sprague Dawley rats. In vitro release showed that the release rate of GEM in acidic conditions (pH 5.3) was faster than physiological conditions (PBS, pH 7.4) followed by a sustained release pattern. The developed GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs indicated significantly less hemolytic toxicity (7.73 ± 0.4%) paralleled to free GEM (18.71 ± 0.44%) and showed higher cytotoxicity against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. The antitumor study assured that GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs significantly reduced tumor volume as compared to free GEM and increased survival rate without noticeable loss in body weight. In vivo studies showed an improvement in pharmacokinetics in terms of remarkable escalation in mean residence time, half-life, AUC, AUMC, median survival time in tumor bearing rats treated with GEM/HA-MWCNTs and GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs as compared to free GEM (p ˂ 0.001). These outcomes proved engineered MWCNTs as a safe and effective nanomedicine in colon cancer targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U.P., India.
| | | | - Ashish Kumar Jain
- Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar, 470002, M.P., India
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18
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Mahajan S, Patharkar A, Kuche K, Maheshwari R, Deb PK, Kalia K, Tekade RK. Functionalized carbon nanotubes as emerging delivery system for the treatment of cancer. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:540-558. [PMID: 29997043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent time, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained vital importance for pharmaceutical formulation scientist for delivering drugs and genes, owing to their excellent surface properties. For example, their aspect ratio is thought to be responsible for their excellent cell penetration aptitude; anisotropic conductivity/semi-conductivity along their axis is ideal for integration with nervous and muscular tissue; an ultrahigh surface area maximizes their ability to "talk" with biological matter; the hollow interior provides an enormous cargo-carrying capacity for drug delivery; and their exteriors are readily functionalized to permit tailoring of solubility and biological recognition. Despite their immense capabilities for the delivery of drugs, genes and other biomedically essential materials, there use is restricted primarily because of the severe toxicity. However, the reactive nature of the surface of the CNTs allowed attaching the guest molecules (drug, siRNA, and diagnostics) of interest which helps in increasing the biocompatibility of these novel nanocarriers. As per the need, CNTs can be modified with peptides, organic molecules, carbohydrates, polymers and used mainly for cancer targeting and tumor cell accumulation. This review expounds different functionalization strategies employed for CNTs that created new opportunities for scientists to improve the potential of delivered therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Mahajan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Abhimanyu Patharkar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Rahul Maheshwari
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P.O. BOX (1), Philadelphia University, 19392, Jordan
| | - Kiran Kalia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Rakesh K Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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19
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Zhao X, Tian K, Zhou T, Jia X, Li J, Liu P. PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes as versatile vector for tumor-specific intracellular triggered release with enhanced anti-cancer efficiency: Optimization of length and PEGylation degree. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 168:43-49. [PMID: 29482875 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PEG-MWCNTs) were optimized as versatile vector for tumor-specific intracellular triggered release of doxorubicin (DOX), based on the effect of their length and PEGylation degree on the cytotoxicity and DOX-loading capacity. The length and surface carboxyl groups of the carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs) were easily tailored by adjusting the oxidation time. The longer CMWCNTs or those with high carboxyl group content showed obvious cytotoxicity, while the PEG-MWCNTs ≤ 300 nm showed better cytocompatibility. The PEG-MWCNTs-3 of about 300 nm was selected as drug delivery vector, possessing a high drug-loading capacity of 0.55 mg/mg. They released DOX rapidly under lower pH media mimicking the tumor microenvironment with cumulative release of 57% within 24 h, while the premature leakage under the simulated physiological condition was only 10%. The WST-1 assays demonstrated the DOX-loaded PEG-MWCNTs-3 exhibited the enhanced inhibitory efficiency against HepG2 cells, in comparison with free DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiagen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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20
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Cheng W, Liang C, Wang X, Tsai HI, Liu G, Peng Y, Nie J, Huang L, Mei L, Zeng X. A drug-self-gated and tumor microenvironment-responsive mesoporous silica vehicle: "four-in-one" versatile nanomedicine for targeted multidrug-resistant cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17063-17073. [PMID: 29085938 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05450e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The design of multifunctional nanocarriers for the co-delivery of anticancer drugs and genetic agents offers an effective and promising strategy to combat multidrug-resistant cancer. Herein, we developed a simple and facile method to fabricate a drug-self-gated and pH-sensitive mesoporous silica vehicle as a "four-in-one" versatile co-delivery system, which possesses targeted chemo and gene therapy capability against multidrug-resistant cancer. P-gp siRNA molecules were loaded into the channels of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. A chemotherapeutic drug (DOX) was employed as a gatekeeper via a pH-sensitive benzoic-imine covalent bond. Folic acid conjugation onto the surface endowed this system with an excellent tumor-targeting effect, which was demonstrated by the cellular and tumor targeting assay. The effective downregulation of P-gp protein by the co-delivered P-gp siRNA was observed by western blotting. Both the in vitro cell viability study and in vivo tumor inhibition assay showed a synergistic effect in suppressing cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, this drug-self-gated nanosystem exhibited great potential for improved multidrug-resistant cancer treatment without any further potential risks of capping agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy, The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China.
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21
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Carbon nanotubes-based drug delivery to cancer and brain. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:635-641. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Sharma P, Jain K, Jain N, Mehra NK. Ex vivo and in vivo performance of anti-cancer drug loaded carbon nanotubes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Mehra NK, Jain AK, Nahar M. Carbon nanomaterials in oncology: an expanding horizon. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:1016-1025. [PMID: 28965869 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have been attracting attention in oncology for the development of safe and effective cancer nanomedicines in increasing improved patient compliance for generally recognized as safe (GRAS) prominence. Toxicity, safety and efficacy of carbon nanomaterials are the major concerns in cancer theranostics. Various parameters such as particle size and shape or surface morphology, surface charge, composition, oxidation and nonoxidative-stress-related mechanisms are prone to toxicity of the carbon nanomaterials. Currently, few cancer-related products have been available on the market, although some are underway in preclinical and clinical phases. Thus, our main aim is to provide comprehensive details on the carbon nanomaterials in oncology from the past two decades for patient compliance and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh K Mehra
- Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India.
| | - Amit K Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Manoj Nahar
- Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
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24
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Chitosan-folate decorated carbon nanotubes for site specific lung cancer delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:446-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Raza K, Kumar D, Kiran C, Kumar M, Guru SK, Kumar P, Arora S, Sharma G, Bhushan S, Katare OP. Conjugation of Docetaxel with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Codelivery with Piperine: Implications on Pharmacokinetic Profile and Anticancer Activity. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2423-32. [PMID: 27182646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisar Raza
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Distt. Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Distt. Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Chanchal Kiran
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Distt. Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Distt. Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Division
of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Distt. Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Shweta Arora
- Department
of Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidhyapith University, P.O. Banasthali
Vidhyapith, Vanasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Division
of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - O. P. Katare
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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26
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Singh RP, Sharma G, Sonali, Singh S, Patne SCU, Pandey BL, Koch B, Muthu MS. Effects of transferrin conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes in lung cancer delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 67:313-325. [PMID: 27287127 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) which were covalently conjugated with transferrin by carbodiimide chemistry and loaded with docetaxel as a model drug for effective treatment of lung cancer in comparison with the commercial docetaxel injection (Docel™). d-Alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) was used as amphiphilic surfactant to improve the aqueous dispersity and biocompatibility of MWCNT. Human lung cancer cells (A549 cells) were employed as an in-vitro model to access cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, cellular apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the docetaxel/coumarin-6 loaded MWCNT. The cellular uptake results of transferrin conjugated MWCNT showed higher efficiency in comparison with free C6. The IC50 values demonstrated that the transferrin conjugated MWCNT could be 136-fold more efficient than Docel™ after 24h treatment with the A549 cells. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that cancerous cells appeared significantly (P<0.05) in the sub-G1 phase for transferrin conjugated MWCNT in comparison with Docel™. Results of transferrin conjugated MWCNT have showed better efficacy with safety than Docel™.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sonali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shashikant C U Patne
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bajarangprasad L Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Madaswamy S Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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27
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Development and Characterization of the Paclitaxel loaded Riboflavin and Thiamine Conjugated Carbon Nanotubes for Cancer Treatment. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1769-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Mehra NK, Palakurthi S. Interactions between carbon nanotubes and bioactives: a drug delivery perspective. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:585-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Mehra NK, Cai D, Kuo L, Hein T, Palakurthi S. Safety and toxicity of nanomaterials for ocular drug delivery applications. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:836-60. [PMID: 27027670 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2016.1153165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanomaterials are rapidly emerging for ophthalmic delivery of therapeutics to facilitate safe and effective targeting with improved patient compliance. Because of their extremely high area to volume ratio, nanomaterials often have physicochemical properties that are different from those of their larger counterparts. There exists a complex relationship between the physicochemical properties (composition, size, shape, charge, roughness, and porosity) of the nanomaterials and their interaction with the biological system. The eye is a very sensitive accessible organ and is subjected to intended and unintended exposure to nanomaterials. Currently, various ophthalmic formulations are available in the market, while some are underway in preclinical and clinical phases. However, the data on safety, efficacy, and toxicology of these advanced nanomaterials for ocular drug delivery are sparse. Focus of the present review is to provide a comprehensive report on the safety, biocompatibility and toxicities of nanomaterials in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh K Mehra
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Kingsville , TX , USA
| | - Defu Cai
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Kingsville , TX , USA
| | - Lih Kuo
- b Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple , TX , USA ;,c Department of Surgery and Scott & White Eye Institute, College of Medicine , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple , TX , USA
| | - Travis Hein
- c Department of Surgery and Scott & White Eye Institute, College of Medicine , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple , TX , USA
| | - Srinath Palakurthi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Kingsville , TX , USA
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30
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Kaur S, Mehra NK, Jain K, Jain NK. Development and evaluation of targeting ligand-anchored CNTs as prospective targeted drug delivery system. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:242-250. [PMID: 26890213 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1146728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Our main investigation in the present research was to developt and evaluate targeting ligand-anchored multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as prospective targeted drug delivery system, with a special focus on the MWCNTs surface functionalization (FA-PEG bis-amine functionalized, carboxylated MWCNTs). In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was studied at pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and 5.5 acetate buffer, which displayed initial faster followed by sustained release up to 900 min. Further, 5-FU/FA-PEG bis amine-MWCNTs was found to be long circulating, prolonged half-life and increased drug accumulation in target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumandeep Kaur
- a Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- a Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.,b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research laboratory , R. H. S. Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Keerti Jain
- a Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Narendra Kumar Jain
- a Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
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Sharma S, Mehra NK, Jain K, Jain NK. Effect of functionalization on drug delivery potential of carbon nanotubes. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 44:1851-1860. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cheng R, Xue Y. Carbon Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22861-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Fedeli S, Brandi A, Venturini L, Chiarugi P, Giannoni E, Paoli P, Corti D, Giambastiani G, Tuci G, Cicchi S. The “click-on-tube” approach for the production of efficient drug carriers based on oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3823-3831. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00304d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient drug delivery system through a straightforward approach to multi-walled carbon nanotube decoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fedeli
- Chemistry Department “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi)
- Italy
| | - Alberto Brandi
- Chemistry Department “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi)
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Venturini
- Chemistry Department “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi)
- Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences
- 50134 Firenze
- Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences
- 50134 Firenze
- Italy
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences
- 50134 Firenze
- Italy
| | - Denise Corti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences
- 50134 Firenze
- Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Cicchi
- Chemistry Department “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi)
- Italy
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Pourgholi F, Hajivalili M, Farhad JN, Kafil HS, Yousefi M. Nanoparticles: Novel vehicles in treatment of Glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 77:98-107. [PMID: 26796272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common brain tumor. The current GBM treatments comprise of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery. One of the most important problems regarding the treatment of GBM is the presence of blood brain barrier (BBB) which inhibits the efficient drug delivery into central nervous system (CNS). Nanothechnology can help to deliver therapeutic drugs into CNS through crossing the BBB. There are different types of nanoparticles (Nps) which can be manipulated for clinical applications as a treatment for CNS-related disorders. In this review, we will discuss the role of Nps in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourgholi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hajivalili
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Bajwa N, Kumar Mehra N, Jain K, Kumar Jain N. Targeted anticancer drug delivery through anthracycline antibiotic bearing functionalized quantum dots. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1774-82. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kayat J, Mehra NK, Gajbhiye V, Jain NK. Drug targeting to arthritic region via folic acid appended surface-engineered multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Drug Target 2015; 24:318-27. [PMID: 26289435 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1077846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at developing and investigating folate anchored carbon nanotubes for targeting an anti-arthritic drug, Methotrexate (MTX) to inflammatory arthritic region. The folic acid (FA) was conjugated to amidated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), (1)H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The MTX was loaded into the pristine and functionalized-MWCNTs and extensively characterized in vitro and in vivo studies. The drug entrapment efficiency was found high in folate conjugated MWCNTs. In vitro drug release in PBS (pH 7.4) from pristine MWCNTs and folate conjugated MWCNTs formulation was found to be 66.35 ± 2.3 and 56.88 ± 1.9% in 24 h, respectively. Folate conjugated MWCNTs significantly increased (p < 0.005) the percentage inhibition of arthritis, biological half-life and volume of distribution of MTX as compared to MTX-loaded naked MWCNTs as well as free MTX. In in vivo biodistribution studies, MTX was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.005) in arthritic joints from folate functionalized MWCNTs as compared to free drug as well as drug-loaded naked MWCNTs. The present outcomes highlights the propensity of drug-loaded functionalized MWCNTs to alter the pharmacokinetics as well as sustained and targeted drug delivery system as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kayat
- a Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. Hari Singh Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- a Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. Hari Singh Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India .,b Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India , and
| | - Virendra Gajbhiye
- c Center for Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Narendra Kumar Jain
- a Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. Hari Singh Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India .,b Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India , and
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Mehra NK, Jain NK. Multifunctional hybrid-carbon nanotubes: new horizon in drug delivery and targeting. J Drug Target 2015; 24:294-308. [PMID: 26147085 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1055571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as an intriguing nanotechnological tool for numerous biomedical applications including biocompatible modules for the bioactives delivery ascribed to their unique properties, such as greater loading efficiency, biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, high surface area and photoluminescence, that make them ideal candidate in pharmaceutical and biomedical science. The design of multifunctional hybrid-CNTs for drug delivery and targeting may differ from the conventional drug delivery system. The conventional nanocarriers have few limitations, such as inappropriate availability of surface-chemical functional groups for conjugation, low entrapment/loading efficiency as well as stability as per ICH guidelines with generally regarded as safe (GRAS) prominences. The multifunctional hybrid-CNTs will sparked and open a new door for researchers, scientist of the pharmaceutical and biomedical arena. This review summarizes the vivid aspects of CNTs like characterization, supramolecular chemistry of CNTs-dendrimer, CNTs-nanoparticles, CNTs-quantum dots conjugate for delivery of bioactives, not discussed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- a Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University , Sagar , India
| | - Narendra Kumar Jain
- a Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University , Sagar , India
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