1
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Praveen Kamath P, Sil S, Truong VG, Nic Chormaic S. Particle trapping with optical nanofibers: a review [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6172-6189. [PMID: 38420322 PMCID: PMC10898553 DOI: 10.1364/boe.503146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Optical trapping has proven to be an efficient method to control particles, including biological cells, single biological macromolecules, colloidal microparticles, and nanoparticles. Multiple types of particles have been successfully trapped, leading to various applications of optical tweezers ranging from biomedical through physics to material sciences. However, precise manipulation of particles with complex composition or of sizes down to nanometer-scales can be difficult with conventional optical tweezers, and an alternative manipulation tool is desirable. Optical nanofibers, that is, fibers with a waist diameter smaller than the propagating wavelength of light, are ideal candidates for optical manipulation due to their large evanescent field that extends beyond the fiber surface. They have the added advantages of being easily connected to a fibered experimental setup, being simple to fabricate, and providing strong electric field confinement and intense magnitude of evanescent fields at the nanofiber's surface. Many different particles have been trapped, rotated, transported, and assembled with such a system. This article reviews particle trapping using optical nanofibers and highlights some challenges and future potentials of this developing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramitha Praveen Kamath
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Souvik Sil
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Viet Giang Truong
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Síle Nic Chormaic
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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2
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Bronte Ciriza D, Magazzù A, Callegari A, Barbosa G, Neves AAR, Iatì MA, Volpe G, Maragò OM. Faster and More Accurate Geometrical-Optics Optical Force Calculation Using Neural Networks. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:234-241. [PMID: 36691426 PMCID: PMC9853855 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical forces are often calculated by discretizing the trapping light beam into a set of rays and using geometrical optics to compute the exchange of momentum. However, the number of rays sets a trade-off between calculation speed and accuracy. Here, we show that using neural networks permits overcoming this limitation, obtaining not only faster but also more accurate simulations. We demonstrate this using an optically trapped spherical particle for which we obtain an analytical solution to use as ground truth. Then, we take advantage of the acceleration provided by neural networks to study the dynamics of ellipsoidal particles in a double trap, which would be computationally impossible otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnese Callegari
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunther Barbosa
- Universidade
Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio A. R. Neves
- Universidade
Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Onofrio M. Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158Messina, Italy
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3
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Leonardi AA, Battaglia R, Morganti D, Lo Faro MJ, Fazio B, De Pascali C, Francioso L, Palazzo G, Mallardi A, Purrello M, Priolo F, Musumeci P, Di Pietro C, Irrera A. A Novel Silicon Platform for Selective Isolation, Quantification, and Molecular Analysis of Small Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5153-5165. [PMID: 34611399 PMCID: PMC8487288 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s310896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), thanks to their cargo, are involved in cellular communication and play important roles in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, apoptosis, stemness and embryo development. Their contribution to human pathology has been widely demonstrated and they are emerging as strategic biomarkers of cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. However, the use of sEVs for medical applications is still limited due to the selectivity and sensitivity limits of the commonly applied approaches. Methods Novel sensing solutions based on nanomaterials are arising as strategic tools able to surpass traditional sensor limits. Among these, Si nanowires (Si NWs), realized with cost-effective industrially compatible metal-assisted chemical etching, are perfect candidates for sEV detection. Results In this paper, the realization of a selective sensor able to isolate, concentrate and quantify specific vesicle populations, from minimal volumes of biofluid, is presented. In particular, this Si NW platform has a detection limit of about 2×105 sEVs/mL and was tested with follicular fluid and blastocoel samples. Moreover, the possibility to detach the selectively isolated sEVs allowing further analyses with other approaches was demonstrated by SEM analysis and several PCRs performed on the RNA content of the detached sEVs. Discussion This platform overcomes the limit of detection of traditional methods and, most importantly, preserves the biological content of sEVs, opening the route toward a reliable liquid biopsy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alessio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy.,CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, 98158, Italy.,CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Rosalia Battaglia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Morganti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy.,CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, 98158, Italy
| | - Maria Josè Lo Faro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy.,CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Barbara Fazio
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, 98158, Italy
| | - Chiara De Pascali
- CNR-IMM, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Via Monteroni, University Campus, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Luca Francioso
- CNR-IMM, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Via Monteroni, University Campus, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Gerardo Palazzo
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, 70125, Italy.,CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science c/o Chemistry Department, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Antonia Mallardi
- CNR-IPCF, Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, c/o Chemistry Department, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Priolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Paolo Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, 98158, Italy
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4
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Morganti D, Leonardi AA, Lo Faro MJ, Leonardi G, Salvato G, Fazio B, Musumeci P, Livreri P, Conoci S, Neri G, Irrera A. Ultrathin Silicon Nanowires for Optical and Electrical Nitrogen Dioxide Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1767. [PMID: 34361153 PMCID: PMC8308154 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ever-stronger attention paid to enhancing safety in the workplace has led to novel sensor development and improvement. Despite the technological progress, nanostructured sensors are not being commercially transferred due to expensive and non-microelectronic compatible materials and processing approaches. In this paper, the realization of a cost-effective sensor based on ultrathin silicon nanowires (Si NWs) for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is reported. A modification of the metal-assisted chemical etching method allows light-emitting silicon nanowires to be obtained through a fast, low-cost, and industrially compatible approach. NO2 is a well-known dangerous gas that, even with a small concentration of 3 ppm, represents a serious hazard for human health. We exploit the particular optical and electrical properties of these Si NWs to reveal low NO2 concentrations through their photoluminescence (PL) and resistance variations reaching 2 ppm of NO2. Indeed, these Si NWs offer a fast response and reversibility with both electrical and optical transductions. Despite the macro contacts affecting the electrical transduction, the sensing performances are of high interest for further developments. These promising performances coupled with the scalable Si NW synthesis could unfold opportunities for smaller sized and better performing sensors reaching the market for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Morganti
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (A.A.L.); (G.S.); (B.F.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.J.L.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonio Alessio Leonardi
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (A.A.L.); (G.S.); (B.F.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.J.L.F.); (P.M.)
- CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria José Lo Faro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.J.L.F.); (P.M.)
- CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Leonardi
- Institute of Advanced Technologies for Energy (ITAE)—CNR, Salita Santa Lucia Sopra Contesse 5, 98126 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Salvato
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (A.A.L.); (G.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Barbara Fazio
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (A.A.L.); (G.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Paolo Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.J.L.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrizia Livreri
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.9, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Messina, C.da Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (A.A.L.); (G.S.); (B.F.)
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5
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Lo Faro MJ, Ruello G, Leonardi AA, Morganti D, Irrera A, Priolo F, Gigan S, Volpe G, Fazio B. Visualization of Directional Beaming of Weakly Localized Raman from a Random Network of Silicon Nanowires. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100139. [PMID: 34306975 PMCID: PMC8292918 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Disordered optical media are an emerging class of materials that can strongly scatter light. These materials are useful to investigate light transport phenomena and for applications in imaging, sensing and energy storage. While coherent light can be generated using such materials, its directional emission is typically hampered by their strong scattering nature. Here, the authors directly image Rayleigh scattering, photoluminescence and weakly localized Raman light from a random network of silicon nanowires via real-space microscopy and Fourier imaging. Direct imaging enables us to gain insight on the light transport mechanisms in the random material, to visualize its weak localization length and to demonstrate out-of-plane beaming of the scattered coherent Raman light. The direct visualization of coherent light beaming in such random networks of silicon nanowires offers novel opportunities for fundamental studies of light propagation in disordered media. It also opens venues for the development of next generation optical devices based on disordered structures, such as sensors, light sources, and optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Lo Faro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e AstronomiaUniversità di Cataniavia S. Sofia 64Catania95123Italy
- CNR‐IMMIstituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemivia Santa Sofia 64Catania95123Italy
- CNR‐IPCFviale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, Faro SuperioreMessina98158Italy
| | - Giovanna Ruello
- CNR‐IPCFviale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, Faro SuperioreMessina98158Italy
| | - Antonio A. Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e AstronomiaUniversità di Cataniavia S. Sofia 64Catania95123Italy
- CNR‐IMMIstituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemivia Santa Sofia 64Catania95123Italy
- CNR‐IPCFviale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, Faro SuperioreMessina98158Italy
| | - Dario Morganti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e AstronomiaUniversità di Cataniavia S. Sofia 64Catania95123Italy
- CNR‐IPCFviale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, Faro SuperioreMessina98158Italy
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR‐IPCFviale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, Faro SuperioreMessina98158Italy
| | - Francesco Priolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e AstronomiaUniversità di Cataniavia S. Sofia 64Catania95123Italy
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler BrosselENS‐Université PSLCNRSSorbonne UniversitéCollège de France24 rue LhomondParis75005France
| | - Giorgio Volpe
- CNR‐IPCFviale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, Faro SuperioreMessina98158Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Barbara Fazio
- CNR‐IPCFviale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, Faro SuperioreMessina98158Italy
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6
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Karpinski P, Jones S, Šípová-Jungová H, Verre R, Käll M. Optical Rotation and Thermometry of Laser Tweezed Silicon Nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6494-6501. [PMID: 32787173 PMCID: PMC7496737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical rotation of laser tweezed nanoparticles offers a convenient means for optical to mechanical force transduction and sensing at the nanoscale. Plasmonic nanoparticles are the benchmark system for such studies, but their rapid rotation comes at the price of high photoinduced heating due to Ohmic losses. We show that Mie resonant silicon nanorods with characteristic dimensions of ∼220 × 120 nm2 can be optically trapped and rotated at frequencies up to 2 kHz in water using circularly polarized laser light. The temperature excess due to heating from the trapping laser was estimated by phonon Raman scattering and particle rotation analysis. We find that the silicon nanorods exhibit slightly improved thermal characteristics compared to Au nanorods with similar rotation performance and optical resonance anisotropy. Altogether, the results indicate that silicon nanoparticles have the potential to become the system of choice for a wide range of optomechanical applications at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Karpinski
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chemistry
Department, Wroclaw University of Science
and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Steven Jones
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hana Šípová-Jungová
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Desgarceaux R, Santybayeva Z, Battistella E, Nord AL, Braun-Breton C, Abkarian M, Maragò OM, Charlot B, Pedaci F. High-Resolution Photonic Force Microscopy Based on Sharp Nanofabricated Tips. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4249-4255. [PMID: 32369369 PMCID: PMC7292031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although near-field imaging techniques reach sub-nanometer resolution on rigid samples, it remains extremely challenging to image soft interfaces, such as biological membranes, due to the deformations induced by the probe. In photonic force microscopy, optical tweezers are used to manipulate and measure the scanning probe, allowing imaging of soft materials without force-induced artifacts. However, the size of the optically trapped probe still limits the maximum resolution. Here, we show a novel and simple nanofabrication protocol to massively produce optically trappable quartz particles which mimic the sharp tips of atomic force microscopy. Imaging rigid nanostructures with our tips, we resolve features smaller than 80 nm. Scanning the membrane of living malaria-infected red blood cells reveals, with no visible artifacts, submicron features termed knobs, related to the parasite activity. The use of nanoengineered particles in photonic force microscopy opens the way to imaging soft samples at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Desgarceaux
- CBS
Un.Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier 34090, France
- IES, CNRS University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | | | - Ashley L. Nord
- CBS
Un.Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier 34090, France
| | | | | | - Onofrio M. Maragò
- CNR-IPCF,
Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina 98158, Italy
| | - Benoit Charlot
- IES, CNRS University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34095, France
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8
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Optically oriented attachment of nanoscale metal-semiconductor heterostructures in organic solvents via photonic nanosoldering. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4942. [PMID: 31666504 PMCID: PMC6821866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As devices approach the single-nanoparticle scale, the rational assembly of nanomaterial heterojunctions remains a persistent challenge. While optical traps can manipulate objects in three dimensions, to date, nanoscale materials have been trapped primarily in aqueous solvents or vacuum. Here, we demonstrate the use of optical traps to manipulate, align, and assemble metal-seeded nanowire building blocks in a range of organic solvents. Anisotropic radiation pressure generates an optical torque that orients each nanowire, and subsequent trapping of aligned nanowires enables deterministic fabrication of arbitrarily long heterostructures of periodically repeating bismuth-nanocrystal/germanium-nanowire junctions. Heat transport calculations, back-focal-plane interferometry, and optical images reveal that the bismuth nanocrystal melts during trapping, facilitating tip-to-tail “nanosoldering” of the germanium nanowires. These bismuth-semiconductor interfaces may be useful for quantum computing or thermoelectric applications. In addition, the ability to trap nanostructures in oxygen- and water-free organic media broadly expands the library of materials available for optical manipulation and single-particle spectroscopy. The use of optical traps has been limited to materials dispersed in aqueous media, which restricts the materials and range of experiments. Here, the authors demonstrate the alignment and assembly of composite structures made of a bismuth nanocrystal and a germanium nanowire in organic solvents.
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9
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Chiral optical tweezers for optically active particles in the T-matrix formalism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 30631081 PMCID: PMC6328542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling optical tweezers in the T-matrix formalism has been of key importance for accurate and efficient calculations of optical forces and their comparison with experiments. Here we extend this formalism to the modeling of chiral optomechanics and optical tweezers where chiral light is used for optical manipulation and trapping of optically active particles. We first use the Bohren decomposition to deal with the light scattering of chiral light on optically active particles. Thus, we show analytically that all the observables (cross sections, asymmetry parameters) are split into a helicity dependent and independent part and study a practical example of a complex resin particle with inner copper-coated stainless steel helices. Then, we apply this chiral T-matrix framework to optical tweezers where a tightly focused chiral field is used to trap an optically active spherical particle, calculate the chiral behaviour of optical trapping stiffnesses and their size scaling, and extend calculations to chiral nanowires and clusters of astrophysical interest. Such general light scattering framework opens perspectives for modeling optical forces on biological materials where optically active amino acids and carbohydrates are present.
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10
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Donato MG, Brzobohatý O, Simpson SH, Irrera A, Leonardi AA, Lo Faro MJ, Svak V, Maragò OM, Zemánek P. Optical Trapping, Optical Binding, and Rotational Dynamics of Silicon Nanowires in Counter-Propagating Beams. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:342-352. [PMID: 30525673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanowires are held and manipulated in controlled optical traps based on counter-propagating beams focused by low numerical aperture lenses. The double-beam configuration compensates light scattering forces enabling an in-depth investigation of the rich dynamics of trapped nanowires that are prone to both optical and hydrodynamic interactions. Several polarization configurations are used, allowing the observation of optical binding with different stable structure as well as the transfer of spin and orbital momentum of light to the trapped silicon nanowires. Accurate modeling based on Brownian dynamics simulations with appropriate optical and hydrodynamic coupling confirms that this rich scenario is crucially dependent on the non-spherical shape of the nanowires. Such an increased level of optical control of multiparticle structure and dynamics open perspectives for nanofluidics and multi-component light-driven nanomachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Donato
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Oto Brzobohatý
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Stephen H Simpson
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kralovopolska 147 , 61264 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Antonio A Leonardi
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università di Catania , I-95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Maria J Lo Faro
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università di Catania , I-95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Vojtěch Svak
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kralovopolska 147 , 61264 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Pavel Zemánek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kralovopolska 147 , 61264 Brno , Czech Republic
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11
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Donato MG, Messina E, Foti A, Smart TJ, Jones PH, Iatì MA, Saija R, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM. Optical trapping and optical force positioning of two-dimensional materials. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1245-1255. [PMID: 29292452 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to the synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional materials. Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) represents a simple, large-scale method to exfoliate layered materials down to mono- and few-layer flakes. In this context, the contactless trapping, characterization, and manipulation of individual nanosheets hold perspectives for increased accuracy in flake metrology and the assembly of novel functional materials. Here, we use optical forces for high-resolution structural characterization and precise mechanical positioning of nanosheets of hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, and tungsten disulfide obtained by LPE. Weakly optically absorbing nanosheets of boron nitride are trapped in optical tweezers. The analysis of the thermal fluctuations allows a direct measurement of optical forces and the mean flake size in a liquid environment. Measured optical trapping constants are compared with T-matrix light scattering calculations to show a quadratic size scaling for small size, as expected for a bidimensional system. In contrast, strongly absorbing nanosheets of molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide are not stably trapped due to the dominance of radiation pressure over the optical trapping force. Thus, optical forces are used to pattern a substrate by selectively depositing nanosheets in short times (minutes) and without any preparation of the surface. This study will be useful for improving ink-jet printing and for a better engineering of optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Donato
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, I-98158, Messina, Italy.
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12
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Simpson SH, Zemánek P, Maragò OM, Jones PH, Hanna S. Optical Binding of Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3485-3492. [PMID: 28535340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple scattering of light induces structured interactions, or optical binding forces, between collections of small particles. This has been extensively studied in the case of microspheres. However, binding forces are strongly shape dependent: here, we turn our attention to dielectric nanowires. Using a novel numerical model we uncover rich behavior. The extreme geometry of the nanowires produces a sequence of stationary and dynamic states. In linearly polarized light, thermally stable ladder-like structures emerge. Lower symmetry, sagittate arrangements can also arise, whose configurational asymmetry unbalances the optical forces leading to nonconservative, translational motion. Finally, the addition of circular polarization drives a variety of coordinated rotational states whose dynamics expose fundamental properties of optical spin. These results suggest that optical binding can provide an increased level of control over the positions and motions of nanoparticles, opening new possibilities for driven self-organization and heralding a new field of self-assembling optically driven micromachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Simpson
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kràlovopolskà 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Zemánek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kràlovopolskà 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Philip H Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Simon Hanna
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol , Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, U.K
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Picca RA, Calvano CD, Lo Faro MJ, Fazio B, Trusso S, Ossi PM, Neri F, D'Andrea C, Irrera A, Cioffi N. Functionalization of silicon nanowire arrays by silver nanoparticles for the laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry analysis of vegetable oils. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:849-856. [PMID: 27476797 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel hybrid nanostructured surfaces, consisting of dense arrays of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) functionalized by Ag nanoparticles (AgNP/SiNWs), were used for the laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF MS) analysis of some typical unsaturated food components (e.g. squalene, oleic acid) to assess their MS performance. The synthesis of the novel platforms is an easy, cost-effective process based on the maskless wet-etching preparation at room temperature of SiNWs followed by their decoration with AgNPs, produced by pulsed laser deposition. No particular surface pretreatment or addition of organic matrixes/ionizers was necessary. Moreover, oil extracts (e.g. extra virgin olive oil, peanut oil) could be investigated on AgNP/SiNWs surfaces, revealing their different MS profiles. It was shown that such substrates operate at reduced laser energy, typically generating intense silver cluster ions and analyte adducts. A comparison with bare SiNWs was also performed, indicating the importance of AgNP density on NW surface. In this case, desorption/ionization on silicon was invoked as probable LDI mechanism. Finally, the influence of SiNW length and surface composition on MS results was assessed. The combination of typical properties of SiNWs (hydrophobicity, antireflectivity) with ionization ability of metal NPs can be a valid methodology for the further development of nanostructured surfaces in LDI-TOF MS applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Anna Picca
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Josè Lo Faro
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
- MATIS CNR-IMM, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Fazio
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trusso
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Ossi
- Dipartimento di Energia and Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces-NEMAS, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Dipartimento di Scienze matematiche e informatiche, scienze fisiche e scienze della terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristiano D'Andrea
- MATIS CNR-IMM, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
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14
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Irrera A, Magazzù A, Artoni P, Simpson SH, Hanna S, Jones PH, Priolo F, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM. Photonic Torque Microscopy of the Nonconservative Force Field for Optically Trapped Silicon Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4181-8. [PMID: 27280642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We measure, by photonic torque microscopy, the nonconservative rotational motion arising from the transverse components of the radiation pressure on optically trapped, ultrathin silicon nanowires. Unlike spherical particles, we find that nonconservative effects have a significant influence on the nanowire dynamics in the trap. We show that the extreme shape of the trapped nanowires yields a transverse component of the radiation pressure that results in an orbital rotation of the nanowire about the trap axis. We study the resulting motion as a function of optical power and nanowire length, discussing its size-scaling behavior. These shape-dependent nonconservative effects have implications for optical force calibration and optomechanics with levitated nonspherical particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Magazzù
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Artoni
- MATIS CNR-IMM and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania , I-95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephen H Simpson
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, v.v.i. Czech Academy of Sciences , 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Hanna
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol , BS8 1TL Bristol, U.K
| | - Philip H Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , WC1E 6BT London, U.K
| | - Francesco Priolo
- MATIS CNR-IMM and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania , I-95123, Catania, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, Università di Catania , I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina, Italy
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15
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Zhang L, Dou X, Min C, Zhang Y, Du L, Xie Z, Shen J, Zeng Y, Yuan X. In-plane trapping and manipulation of ZnO nanowires by a hybrid plasmonic field. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9756-63. [PMID: 27117313 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In general, when a semiconductor nanowire is trapped by conventional laser beam tweezers, it tends to be aligned with the trapping beam axis rather than confined in the horizontal plane, and this limits the application of these nanowires in many in-plane nanoscale optoelectronic devices. In this work, we achieve the in-plane trapping and manipulation of a single ZnO nanowire by a hybrid plasmonic tweezer system on a flat metal surface. The gap between the nanowire and the metallic substrate leads to an enhanced gradient force caused by deep subwavelength optical energy confinement. As a result, the nanowire can be securely trapped in-plane at the center of the excited surface plasmon polariton field, and can also be dynamically moved and rotated by varying the position and polarization direction of the incident laser beam, which cannot be performed using conventional optical tweezers. The theoretical results show that the focused plasmonic field induces a strong in-plane trapping force and a high rotational torque on the nanowire, while the focused optical field produces a vertical trapping force to produce the upright alignment of the nanowire; this is in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, some typical ZnO nanowire structures are built based on this technique, which thus further confirms the potential of this method for precise manipulation of components during the production of nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhang
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen University & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Toe WJ, Ortega-Piwonka I, Angstmann CN, Gao Q, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Henry BI, Reece PJ. Nonconservative dynamics of optically trapped high-aspect-ratio nanowires. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:022137. [PMID: 26986318 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.022137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of high-aspect-ratio nanowires trapped axially in a single gradient force optical tweezers. A power spectrum analysis of the dynamics reveals a broad spectral resonance of the order of kHz with peak properties that are strongly dependent on the input trapping power. A dynamical model incorporating linear restoring optical forces, a nonconservative asymmetric coupling between translational and rotational degrees of freedom, viscous drag, and white noise provides an excellent fit to experimental observations. A persistent low-frequency cyclical motion around the equilibrium trapping position, with a frequency distinct from the spectral resonance, is observed from the time series data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jun Toe
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ignacio Ortega-Piwonka
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher N Angstmann
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Qiang Gao
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Bruce I Henry
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter J Reece
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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17
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Rodríguez-Sevilla P, Labrador-Páez L, Wawrzyńczyk D, Nyk M, Samoć M, Kar AK, Mackenzie MD, Paterson L, Jaque D, Haro-González P. Determining the 3D orientation of optically trapped upconverting nanorods by in situ single-particle polarized spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:300-8. [PMID: 26607763 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06419h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An approach to unequivocally determine the three-dimensional orientation of optically manipulated NaYF4:Er(3+),Yb(3+) upconverting nanorods (UCNRs) is demonstrated. Long-term immobilization of individual UCNRs inside single and multiple resonant optical traps allow for stable single UCNR spectroscopy studies. Based on the strong polarization dependent upconverted luminescence of UCNRs it is possible to unequivocally determine, in real time, their three-dimensional orientation when optically trapped. In single-beam traps, polarized single particle spectroscopy has concluded that UCNRs orientate parallel to the propagation axis of the trapping beam. On the other hand, when multiple-beam optical tweezers are used, single particle polarization spectroscopy demonstrated how full spatial control over UCNR orientation can be achieved by changing the trap-to-trap distance as well as the relative orientation between optical traps. All these results show the possibility of real time three-dimensional manipulation and tracking of anisotropic nanoparticles with wide potential application in modern nanobiophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Modulo 4, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Lucía Labrador-Páez
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Modulo 4, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Dominika Wawrzyńczyk
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-3 70 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Nyk
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-3 70 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-3 70 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ajoy Kumar Kar
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science, Heriot Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Mark D Mackenzie
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science, Heriot Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Lynn Paterson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Modulo 4, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Patricia Haro-González
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Modulo 4, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
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18
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Silicon nanowire and carbon nanotube hybrid for room temperature multiwavelength light source. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16753. [PMID: 26592198 PMCID: PMC4655395 DOI: 10.1038/srep16753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The realization of an innovative hybrid light source operating at room temperature, obtained by embedding a carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion inside a Si nanowire (NW) array is reported. The NW/CNT system exhibits a peculiar photoluminescence spectrum, consisting of a wide peak, mainly observed in the visible range, due to quantum confined Si NWs, and of several narrower IR peaks, due to the different CNT chiralities present in the dispersion. The detailed study of the optical properties of the hybrid system evidences that the ratio between the intensity of the visible and the IR emissions can be varied within a wide range by changing the excitation wavelength or the CNT concentration; the conditions leading to the prevalence of one signal with respect to the other are identified. The multiplicity of emission spectra obtainable from this composite material opens new perspectives for Si nanostructures as active medium in light sources for Si photonics applications.
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19
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Magazzú A, Spadaro D, Donato MG, Sayed R, Messina E, D’Andrea C, Foti A, Fazio B, Iatí MA, Irrera A, Saija R, Gucciardi PG, Maragó OM. Optical tweezers: a non-destructive tool for soft and biomaterial investigations. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-015-0395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Al Balushi AA, Kotnala A, Wheaton S, Gelfand RM, Rajashekara Y, Gordon R. Label-free free-solution nanoaperture optical tweezers for single molecule protein studies. Analyst 2015; 140:4760-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanoaperture optical tweezers have enabled studies of single nanoparticles like proteins in label-free, free-solution environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Al Balushi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| | - Abhay Kotnala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| | - Skyler Wheaton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| | - Ryan M. Gelfand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| | - Yashaswini Rajashekara
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| | - Reuven Gordon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
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21
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Lin YH, Ho KS, Yang CT, Wang JH, Lai CS. A highly flexible platform for nanowire sensor assembly using a combination of optically induced and conventional dielectrophoresis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:13811-13824. [PMID: 24921573 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.013811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The number and position of assembled nanowires cannot be controlled using most nanowire sensor assembling methods. In this paper, we demonstrate a high-yield, highly flexible platform for nanowire sensor assembly using a combination of optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) and conventional dielectrophoresis (DEP). With the ODEP platform, optical images can be used as virtual electrodes to locally turn on a non-contact DEP force and manipulate a micron- or nano-scale substance suspended in fluid. Nanowires were first moved next to the previously deposited metal electrodes using optical images and, then, were attracted to and arranged in the gap between two electrodes through DEP forces generated by switching on alternating current signals to the metal electrodes. A single nanowire can be assembled within 24 seconds using this approach. In addition, the number of nanowires in a single nanowire sensor can be controlled, and the assembly of a single nanowire on each of the adjacent electrodes can also be achieved. The electrical properties of the assembled nanowires were characterized by IV curve measurement. Additionally, the contact resistance between the nanowires and electrodes and the stickiness between the nanowires and substrates were further investigated in this study.
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22
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Griesshammer M, Rohrbach A. 5D-Tracking of a nanorod in a focused laser beam--a theoretical concept. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:6114-32. [PMID: 24663946 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.006114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Back-focal plane (BFP) interferometry is a very fast and precise method to track the 3D position of a sphere within a focused laser beam using a simple quadrant photo diode (QPD). Here we present a concept of how to track and recover the 5D state of a cylindrical nanorod (3D position and 2 tilt angles) in a laser focus by analyzing the interference of unscattered light and light scattered at the cylinder. The analytical theoretical approach is based on Rayleigh-Gans scattering together with a local field approximation for an infinitely thin cylinder. The approximated BFP intensities compare well with those from a more rigorous numerical approach. It turns out that a displacement of the cylinder results in a modulation of the BFP intensity pattern, whereas a tilt of the cylinder results in a shift of this pattern. We therefore propose the concept of a local QPD in the BFP of a detection lens, where the QPD center is shifted by the angular coordinates of the cylinder tilt.
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23
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Irrera A, Artoni P, Fioravanti V, Franzò G, Fazio B, Musumeci P, Boninelli S, Impellizzeri G, Terrasi A, Priolo F, Iacona F. Visible and infrared emission from Si/Ge nanowires synthesized by metal-assisted wet etching. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:74. [PMID: 24521284 PMCID: PMC3928609 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Multi-quantum well Si/Ge nanowires (NWs) were realized by combining molecular beam epitaxy deposition and metal-assisted wet etching, which is a low-cost technique for the synthesis of extremely dense (about 1011 cm-2) arrays of NWs with a high and controllable aspect ratio. In particular, we prepared ultrathin Si/Ge NWs having a mean diameter of about 8 nm and lengths spanning from 1.0 to 2.7 μm. NW diameter is compatible with the occurrence of quantum confinement effects and, accordingly, we observed light emission assignable to the presence of Si and Ge nanostructures. We performed a detailed study of the photoluminescence properties of the NWs, with particular attention to the excitation and de-excitation properties as a function of the temperature and of the excitation photon flux, evaluating the excitation cross section and investigating the presence of non-radiative phenomena. PACS: 61.46.Km; 78.55.-m; 78.67.Lt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Irrera
- IPCF CNR, viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, Faro Superiore, Messina 98158, Italy
| | - Pietro Artoni
- MATIS IMM CNR, via Santa Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Valeria Fioravanti
- MATIS IMM CNR, via Santa Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Fazio
- IPCF CNR, viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, Faro Superiore, Messina 98158, Italy
| | - Paolo Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Terrasi
- MATIS IMM CNR, via Santa Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Francesco Priolo
- MATIS IMM CNR, via Santa Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, Università di Catania, via Valdisavoia 9, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Fabio Iacona
- MATIS IMM CNR, via Santa Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
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24
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Maragò OM, Jones PH, Gucciardi PG, Volpe G, Ferrari AC. Optical trapping and manipulation of nanostructures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:807-19. [PMID: 24202536 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping and manipulation of micrometre-sized particles was first reported in 1970. Since then, it has been successfully implemented in two size ranges: the subnanometre scale, where light-matter mechanical coupling enables cooling of atoms, ions and molecules, and the micrometre scale, where the momentum transfer resulting from light scattering allows manipulation of microscopic objects such as cells. But it has been difficult to apply these techniques to the intermediate - nanoscale - range that includes structures such as quantum dots, nanowires, nanotubes, graphene and two-dimensional crystals, all of crucial importance for nanomaterials-based applications. Recently, however, several new approaches have been developed and demonstrated for trapping plasmonic nanoparticles, semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanostructures. Here we review the state-of-the-art in optical trapping at the nanoscale, with an emphasis on some of the most promising advances, such as controlled manipulation and assembly of individual and multiple nanostructures, force measurement with femtonewton resolution, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158 Messina, Italy
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25
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Wang F, Toe WJ, Lee WM, McGloin D, Gao Q, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Reece PJ. Resolving stable axial trapping points of nanowires in an optical tweezers using photoluminescence mapping. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1185-1191. [PMID: 23394286 DOI: 10.1021/nl304607v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Axially resolved microphotoluminescence mapping of semiconductor nanowires held in an optical tweezers reveals important new experimental information regarding equilibrium trapping points and trapping stability of high aspect ratio nanostructures. In this study, holographic optical tweezers are used to scan trapped InP nanowires along the beam direction with respect to a fixed excitation source and the luminescent properties are recorded. It is observed that nanowires with lengths on the range of 3-15 μm are stably trapped near the tip of the wire with the long segment positioned below the focus in an inverted trapping configuration. Through the use of trap multiplexing we investigate the possibility of improving the axial stability of the trapped nanowires. Our results have important implication for applications of optically assisted nanowire assembly and optical tweezers based scanning probes microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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26
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Electron Tweezers as a Tool for High-Precision Manipulation of Nanoobjects. ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407700-3.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Mathai PP, Carmichael PT, Shapiro BA, Liddle JA. Simultaneous positioning and orientation of single nano-wires using flow control. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra23190e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Roder PB, Pauzauskie PJ, Davis EJ. Nanowire heating by optical electromagnetic irradiation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16177-16185. [PMID: 23061375 DOI: 10.1021/la303250e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dissipative absorption of electromagnetic energy by 1D nanoscale structures at optical frequencies is applicable to several important phenomena, including biomedical photothermal theranostics, nanoscale photovoltaic materials, atmospheric aerosols, and integrated photonic devices. Closed-form analytical calculations are presented for the temperature rise within infinite circular cylinders with nanometer-scale diameters (nanowires) that are irradiated at right angles by a continuous-wave laser source polarized along the nanowire's axis. Solutions for the heat source are compared to both numerical finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulations and well-known Mie scattering cross sections for infinite cylinders. The analysis predicts that the maximum temperature increase is affected not only by the cylinder's composition and porosity but also by morphology-dependent resonances (MDRs) that lead to significant spikes in the local temperature at particular diameters. Furthermore, silicon nanowires with high thermal conductivities are observed to exhibit extremely uniform internal temperatures during electromagnetic heating to 1 part in 10(6), including cases where there are substantial fluctuations of the internal electric-field source term that generates the Joule heating. For a highly absorbing material such as carbon, much higher temperatures are predicted, the internal temperature distribution is nonuniform, and MDRs are not encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paden B Roder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
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29
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Yan Z, Jureller JE, Sweet J, Guffey MJ, Pelton M, Scherer NF. Three-dimensional optical trapping and manipulation of single silver nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:5155-5161. [PMID: 22931238 DOI: 10.1021/nl302100n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental realization of all-optical trapping and manipulation of plasmonic nanowires in three dimensions. The optical beam used for trapping is the Fourier transform of a linearly polarized Bessel beam (termed FT-Bessel). The extended depth of focus of this beam enables the use of a retroreflection geometry to cancel radiation pressure in the beam propagation direction, making it possible to trap highly scattering and absorbing silver nanowires. Individual silver nanowires with lengths of several micrometers can be positioned by the trapping beam with a precision better than 100 nm and are oriented by the polarization of the trapping light with a precision of approximately 1°. Multiple nanowires can be trapped simultaneously in spatially separated maxima of the trapping field. Since trapping in the interferometric FT-Bessel potential is robust in bulk solution and near surfaces, it will enable the controlled assembly of metal nanowires into plasmonic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Yan
- The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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30
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Donato MG, Vasi S, Sayed R, Jones PH, Bonaccorso F, Ferrari AC, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM. Optical trapping of nanotubes with cylindrical vector beams. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:3381-3383. [PMID: 23381264 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.003381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We use laser beams with radial and azimuthal polarization to optically trap carbon nanotubes. We measure force constants and trap parameters as a function of power showing improved axial trapping efficiency with respect to linearly polarized beams. The analysis of the thermal fluctuations highlights a significant change in the optical trapping potential when using cylindrical vector beams. This enables the use of polarization states to shape optical traps according to the particle geometry, as well as paving the way to nanoprobe-based photonic force microscopy with increased performance compared to a standard linearly polarized configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Donato
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, Italy.
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31
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Simpson SH, Hanna S. Stability analysis and thermal motion of optically trapped nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:205502. [PMID: 22543265 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/20/205502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the stability and thermal motion of optically trapped nanowires, with aspect ratios in the range 10-100. A simple analytical model is used to determine qualitative features of the system, assuming that the nanowire is weakly scattering and the incident beam is paraxial. As expected, the model predicts that the nanowire will align with the beam axis. In this configuration the translational stiffness coefficients of the trap approach their limiting values for long nanowires like O(L(-3)), where L is the nanowire length, the limit for the stiffness parallel to the beam axis being zero. The rotational stiffness coefficients vary more slowly, according to O(L(-1)). Also, it is predicted that defocusing decreases the translational stiffness perpendicular to the beam, while increasing rotational stiffness. These findings are reinforced by comparison with rigorous electromagnetic calculations which additionally reveal the effects of radiation pressure and finite scattering. A strong polarization effect is observed in the numerical simulations and coupled translational and rotational motions arise which influence the trap stability. The use of nanowire traps for force sensing is discusse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Simpson
- H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
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32
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Artoni P, Irrera A, Iacona F, Pecora EF, Franzò G, Priolo F. Temperature dependence and aging effects on silicon nanowires photoluminescence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:1483-1490. [PMID: 22274492 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe the luminescence properties of Si nanowires (NWs) prepared by a maskless synthesis technique, based on the Au-catalyzed wet etching of Si substrates by an aqueous solution of H(2)O(2) and HF. A strong room temperature photoluminescence (PL), centered at about 690 nm, is observed when Si NWs are optically excited. The detailed analysis of the steady-state and time-resolved PL properties of the system as a function of aging, temperature and pump power allows to demonstrate that the emission is due to the radiative recombination of quantum confined excitons. These results open the route towards novel applications of Si NWs in photonics as efficient light sources.
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