1
|
Zhang Y, Giménez-Santamarina S, Cardona-Serra S, Gao F, Coronado E, Brandbyge M. Strong Electron-Vibration Signals in Weakly Coupled Molecular Junctions: Activation of Spin-Crossover. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9846-9853. [PMID: 39092593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating individual molecular spin states with electronic current has the potential to revolutionize quantum information devices. However, it is still unclear how a current can cause a spin transition in single-molecule devices. Here, we propose a spin-crossover (SCO) mechanism induced by electron-phonon coupling in an iron(II) phthalocyanine molecule situated on a graphene-decoupled Ir(111) substrate. We performed simulations of both elastic and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS), which reveal current-induced Fe-N vibrations and an underestimation of established electron-vibration signals. Going beyond standard perturbation theory, we examined molecules in various charge and spin states using the Franck-Condon framework. The increased probability of spin switching suggests that notable IETS signals indicate SCO triggered by the inelastic vibrational excitation associated with Fe-N stretching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Fei Gao
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gorenskaia E, Low PJ. Methods for the analysis, interpretation, and prediction of single-molecule junction conductance behaviour. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9510-9556. [PMID: 38939131 PMCID: PMC11206205 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00488d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This article offers a broad overview of measurement methods in the field of molecular electronics, with a particular focus on the most common single-molecule junction fabrication techniques, the challenges in data analysis and interpretation of single-molecule junction current-distance traces, and a summary of simulations and predictive models aimed at establishing robust structure-property relationships of use in the further development of molecular electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorenskaia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley Western Australia 6026 Australia
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley Western Australia 6026 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu WC, Prentice JCA, Patrick CE, Watt AAR. Enhancing Conductivity of Silver Nanowire Networks through Surface Engineering Using Bidentate Rigid Ligands. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4150-4159. [PMID: 38197866 PMCID: PMC10811619 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Solution processable metallic nanomaterials present a convenient way to fabricate conductive structures, which are necessary in all electronic devices. However, they tend to require post-treatments to remove the bulky ligands around them to achieve high conductivity. In this work, we present a method to formulate a post-treatment free conductive silver nanowire ink by controlling the type of ligands around the silver nanowires. We found that bidentate ligands with a rigid molecular structure were effective in improving the conductivity of the silver nanowire networks as they could maximize the number of linkages between neighboring nanowires. In addition, DFT calculations also revealed that ligands with good LUMO to silver energy alignment were more effective. Because of these reasons, fumaric acid was found to be the most effective ligand and achieved a large reduction in sheet resistance of 70% or higher depending on the nanowire network density. The concepts elucidated from this study would also be applicable to other solution processable nanomaterials systems such as quantum dots for photovoltaics or LEDs which also require good charge transport being neighboring nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Chung Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United
Kingdom
| | - Joseph C. A. Prentice
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United
Kingdom
| | - Christopher E. Patrick
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew A. R. Watt
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United
Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Canestraight A, Lei X, Ibrahim KZ, Vlček V. Efficient Quasiparticle Determination beyond the Diagonal Approximation via Random Compression. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:551-557. [PMID: 38175913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Calculations of excited states in the Green's function formalism often invokes the diagonal approximation, in which the quasiparticle states are taken from a mean-field calculation. In this paper, we extend the stochastic approaches applied in the many-body perturbation theory and overcome this limitation for large systems in which we are interested in a small subset of states. We separate the problem into a core subspace whose coupling to the remainder of the system environment is stochastically sampled. This method is exemplified on computing hole injection energies into CO2 on an extended gold surface with nearly 3000 electrons. We find that in the extended system the size of the problem can be compressed up to 95% using stochastic sampling. This result provides a way forward for self-consistent stochastic methods and determination of Dyson orbitals in large systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Canestraight
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Xiaohe Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Khaled Z Ibrahim
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vojtěch Vlček
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marek Š, Korytár R. Widening of the fundamental gap in cluster GW for metal-molecular interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2127-2133. [PMID: 38131459 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The GW approximation is very promising for an accurate first-principles description of charged excitations in single-molecule-metal interfaces. In the cluster approach for electronic transport across molecules, the infinite metal (with an adsorbed molecule) is replaced by a finite cluster whose volume should be incrementally increased to test the approach to the thermodynamic limit. Here we show that in GW, the approach to the thermodynamic limit will be much slower than in Kohn-Sham density-functional theory (DFT) because of the Coulomb interaction. To demonstrate this statement, we investigate spectral gaps in an ensemble of disordered sodium clusters in Kohn-Sham DFT, quasiparticle eigenvalue-self-consistent GW and Hartree-Fock. The fundamental gaps (i.e. difference between the lowest unoccupied and highest occupied level) in GW scale as N-1/3 on average, where N is the number of atoms. We demonstrate that this slow decrease artificially depletes the density of states at the Fermi level when the cluster is used to simulate a semi-infinite electrode. Therefore, the GW method cannot be taken as an out-of-the-box improvement of the DFT in cluster geometries, unless careful convergence checks are performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Marek
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, Praha 2, 121 16, Czech Republic.
| | - Richard Korytár
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, Praha 2, 121 16, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vacek J, Zatloukalová M, Dorčák V, Cifra M, Futera Z, Ostatná V. Electrochemistry in sensing of molecular interactions of proteins and their behavior in an electric field. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:442. [PMID: 37847341 PMCID: PMC10582152 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods can be used not only for the sensitive analysis of proteins but also for deeper research into their structure, transport functions (transfer of electrons and protons), and sensing their interactions with soft and solid surfaces. Last but not least, electrochemical tools are useful for investigating the effect of an electric field on protein structure, the direct application of electrochemical methods for controlling protein function, or the micromanipulation of supramolecular protein structures. There are many experimental arrangements (modalities), from the classic configuration that works with an electrochemical cell to miniaturized electrochemical sensors and microchip platforms. The support of computational chemistry methods which appropriately complement the interpretation framework of experimental results is also important. This text describes recent directions in electrochemical methods for the determination of proteins and briefly summarizes available methodologies for the selective labeling of proteins using redox-active probes. Attention is also paid to the theoretical aspects of electron transport and the effect of an external electric field on the structure of selected proteins. Instead of providing a comprehensive overview, we aim to highlight areas of interest that have not been summarized recently, but, at the same time, represent current trends in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Zatloukalová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Dorčák
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberska 1014/57, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Futera
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Ostatná
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lei X, Canestraight A, Vlcek V. Exceptional Spatial Variation of Charge Injection Energies on Plasmonic Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8470-8476. [PMID: 37721434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Charge injection into a molecule on a metallic interface is a key step in many photoactivated reactions. We employ the many-body perturbation theory and compute the hole and electron injection energies for CO2 molecule on an Au nanoparticle with ∼3,000 electrons and compare it to results for idealized infinite surfaces. We demonstrate a surprisingly large variation of the injection energy barrier depending on the precise molecular position on the surface. Multiple "hot spots," characterized by low energy barriers, arise due to the competition between the plasmonic coupling and the degree of hybridization between the molecule and the substrate. The charge injection barrier to the adsorbate on the nanoparticle surface decreases from the facet edge to the facet center. This finding contrasts with the typical picture in which the electric field enhancement on the nanoparticle edges is considered the most critical factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Annabelle Canestraight
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vojtech Vlcek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Materials, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Castrillo-Bodero R, Blanco-Rey M, Ali K, Ortega JE, Schiller F, Fernández L. Tuning the carrier injection barrier of hybrid metal-organic interfaces on rare earth-gold surface compounds. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4090-4100. [PMID: 36744853 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hybrid metal-organic interfaces possess a great potential in areas such as organic spintronics and quantum information processing. However, tuning their carrier injection barriers on-demand is fundamental for the implementation in technological devices. We have prepared hybrid metal-organic interfaces by the adsorption of copper phthalocyanine CuPc on REAu2 surfaces (RE = Gd, Ho and Yb) and studied their growth, electrostatics and electronic structure. CuPc exhibits a long-range commensurability and a vacuum level pinning of the molecular energy levels. We observe a significant effect of the RE valence of the substrate on the carrier injection barrier of the hybrid metal-organic interface. CuPc adsorbed on trivalent RE-based surfaces (HoAu2 and GdAu2) exhibits molecular level energies that may allow injection carriers significantly closer to an ambipolar injection behavior than in the divalent case (YbAu2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Castrillo-Bodero
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - M Blanco-Rey
- Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Dpto. de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - K Ali
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Chalmers University of Technology, Chalmersplatsen 4, Götenborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - J E Ortega
- Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Dpto. Física Aplicada I, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F Schiller
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - L Fernández
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Futera Z, Wu X, Blumberger J. Tunneling-to-Hopping Transition in Multiheme Cytochrome Bioelectronic Junctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:445-452. [PMID: 36622944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiheme cytochromes (MHCs) have attracted much interest for use in nanobioelectronic junctions due to their high electronic conductances. Recent measurements on dry MHC junctions suggested that a coherent tunneling mechanism is operative over surprisingly long long distances (>3 nm), which challenges our understanding of coherent transport phenomena. Here we show that this is due to (i) a low exponential distance decay constant for coherent conduction in MHCs (β = 0.2 Å-1) and (ii) a large density of protein electronic states which prolongs the coherent tunneling regime to distances that exceed those in molecular wires made of small molecules. Incoherent hopping conduction is uncompetitive due to the large energy level offset at the protein-electrode interface. Removing this offset, e.g., by gating, we predict that the transport mechanism crosses over from coherent tunneling to incoherent hopping at a protein size of ∼7 nm, thus enabling transport on the micrometer scale with a shallow polynomial (∼1/r) distance decay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Futera
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- University College London, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- University College London, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zelovich T, Hansen T, Tuckerman ME. A Green's Function Approach for Determining Surface Induced Broadening and Shifting of Molecular Energy Levels. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9854-9860. [PMID: 36525585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Upon adsorption of a molecule onto a surface, the molecular energy levels (MELs) broaden and change their alignment. This phenomenon directly affects electron transfer across the interface and is, therefore, a fundamental observable that influences electrochemical device performance. Here, we propose a rigorous parameter-free framework, built upon the theoretical construct of Green's functions, for studying the interface between a molecule and a bulk surface and its effect on MELs. The method extends beyond the usual wide-band limit approximation, and its generality allows its use with any level of electronic structure theory. We demonstrate its ability to predict the broadening and shifting of MELs as a function of intramolecular coupling, molecule/surface coupling, and the surface density of states for a molecule with two MELs adsorbed on a one-dimensional model metal surface. The new approach could help provide guidelines for the design and experimental characterization of electrochemical devices with optimal electron transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Zelovich
- Department of Chemistry, New York University (NYU), New York, New York10003, United States
| | - Thorsten Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mark E Tuckerman
- Department of Chemistry, New York University (NYU), New York, New York10003, United States
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University (NYU), New York, New York10003, United States
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai200062, China
- Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Zhang Q, Astier HPAG, Nickle C, Soni S, Alami FA, Borrini A, Zhang Z, Honnigfort C, Braunschweig B, Leoncini A, Qi DC, Han Y, Del Barco E, Thompson D, Nijhuis CA. Dynamic molecular switches with hysteretic negative differential conductance emulating synaptic behaviour. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1403-1411. [PMID: 36411348 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To realize molecular-scale electrical operations beyond the von Neumann bottleneck, new types of multifunctional switches are needed that mimic self-learning or neuromorphic computing by dynamically toggling between multiple operations that depend on their past. Here, we report a molecule that switches from high to low conductance states with massive negative memristive behaviour that depends on the drive speed and number of past switching events, with all the measurements fully modelled using atomistic and analytical models. This dynamic molecular switch emulates synaptic behavior and Pavlovian learning, all within a 2.4-nm-thick layer that is three orders of magnitude thinner than a neuronal synapse. The dynamic molecular switch provides all the fundamental logic gates necessary for deep learning because of its time-domain and voltage-dependent plasticity. The synapse-mimicking multifunctional dynamic molecular switch represents an adaptable molecular-scale hardware operable in solid-state devices, and opens a pathway to simplify dynamic complex electrical operations encoded within a single ultracompact component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Cameron Nickle
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Fuad A Alami
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Borrini
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Honnigfort
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Center of Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Braunschweig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Center of Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Leoncini
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Cheng Qi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yingmei Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrique Del Barco
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marsili M, Corni S. Electronic Dynamics of a Molecular System Coupled to a Plasmonic Nanoparticle Combining the Polarizable Continuum Model and Many-Body Perturbation Theory. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:8768-8776. [PMID: 35655939 PMCID: PMC9150096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of plasmonic metallic nanoparticles in harvesting and concentrating light energy in their proximity triggers a wealth of important and intriguing phenomena. For example, spectroscopies are able to reach single-molecule and intramolecule sensitivities, and important chemical reactions can be effectively photocatalyzed. For the real-time description of the coupled dynamics of a molecule's electronic system and of a plasmonic nanoparticle, a methodology has been recently proposed (J. Phys. Chem. C. 120, 2016, 28774-28781) which combines the classical description of the nanoparticle as a polarizable continuum medium with a quantum-mechanical description of the molecule treated at the time-dependent configuration interaction (TDCI) level. In this work, we extend this methodology by describing the molecule using many-body perturbation theory: the molecule's excitation energies, transition dipoles, and potentials computed at the GW/Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) level. This allows us to overcome current limitations of TDCI in terms of achievable accuracy without compromising on the accessible molecular sizes. We illustrate the developed scheme by characterizing the coupled nanoparticle/molecule dynamics of two prototype molecules, LiCN and p-nitroaniline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Marsili
- Dipartimento
di Science Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Dipartimento
di Science Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
- CNR
Institute of Nanoscience, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Borchert JW, Weitz RT, Ludwigs S, Klauk H. A Critical Outlook for the Pursuit of Lower Contact Resistance in Organic Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104075. [PMID: 34623710 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To take full advantage of recent and anticipated improvements in the performance of organic semiconductors employed in organic transistors, the high contact resistance arising at the interfaces between the organic semiconductor and the source and drain contacts must be reduced significantly. To date, only a small portion of the accumulated research on organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) has reported channel-width-normalized contact resistances below 100 Ωcm, well above what is regularly demonstrated in transistors based on inorganic semiconductors. A closer look at these cases and the relevant literature strongly suggests that the most significant factor leading to the lowest contact resistances in organic TFTs so far has been the control of the thin-film morphology of the organic semiconductor. By contrast, approaches aimed at increasing the charge-carrier density and/or reducing the intrinsic Schottky barrier height have so far played a relatively minor role in achieving the lowest contact resistances. Herein, the possible explanations for these observations are explored, including the prevalence of Fermi-level pinning and the difficulties in forming optimized interfaces with organic semiconductors. An overview of the research on these topics is provided, and potential device-engineering solutions are discussed based on recent advancements in the theoretical and experimental work on both organic and inorganic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Borchert
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R Thomas Weitz
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shunak L, Adeniran O, Voscoboynik G, Liu ZF, Refaely-Abramson S. Exciton Modulation in Perylene-Based Molecular Crystals Upon Formation of a Metal-Organic Interface From Many-Body Perturbation Theory. Front Chem 2021; 9:743391. [PMID: 34616715 PMCID: PMC8488370 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.743391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited-state processes at organic-inorganic interfaces consisting of molecular crystals are essential in energy conversion applications. While advances in experimental methods allow direct observation and detection of exciton transfer across such junctions, a detailed understanding of the underlying excitonic properties due to crystal packing and interface structure is still largely lacking. In this work, we use many-body perturbation theory to study structure-property relations of excitons in molecular crystals upon adsorption on a gold surface. We explore the case of the experimentally-studied octyl perylene diimide (C8-PDI) as a prototypical system, and use the GW and Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) approach to quantify the change in quasiparticle and exciton properties due to intermolecular and substrate screening. Our findings provide a close inspection of both local and environmental structural effects dominating the excitation energies and the exciton binding and nature, as well as their modulation upon the metal-organic interface composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liran Shunak
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olugbenga Adeniran
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Guy Voscoboynik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zhen-Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sivan Refaely-Abramson
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang Z, Yam KM, Guo N, Zhang L, Shen L, Zhang C. Prominent nonequilibrium effects beyond the standard first-principles approach in nanoscale electronic devices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:801-808. [PMID: 34569583 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The standard density functional theory (DFT) based first-principles approach has been widely used for modeling nanoscale electronic devices. A recent experiment, however, reported surprising transport properties of thiol-terminated silane junctions that cannot be understood using the standard DFT approach, presenting a severe challenge for the current computational understanding of electron transport at the nanoscale. Using the recently proposed steady-state DFT (SS-DFT) for nonequilibrium quantum systems, we found that in silane junctions, underlying the puzzling experimental observations is a novel type of intriguing nonequilibrium effect that is beyond the framework of the standard DFT approach. Our calculations show that the standard DFT approach is a good approximation of SS-DFT when silane junctions are near equilibrium, but the aforementioned nonequilibrium effects could drive the thiol-terminated silanes far away from equilibrium even at low biases of around 0.2 V. Further analysis suggests that these nonequilibrium effects could generally exist in nanoscale devices in which there are conducting channels mainly residing at the source contact and close to the bias window. These findings significantly broaden our fundamental understanding of electron transport at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoling Jiang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
| | - Kah-Meng Yam
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
| | - Lishu Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stein A, Rolf D, Lotze C, Feldmann S, Gerbert D, Günther B, Jeindl A, Cartus JJ, Hofmann OT, Gade LH, Franke KJ, Tegeder P. Electronic Properties of Tetraazaperopyrene Derivatives on Au(111): Energy-Level Alignment and Interfacial Band Formation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:19969-19979. [PMID: 34557263 PMCID: PMC8450938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
N-heteropolycyclic aromatic compounds are promising organic electron-transporting semiconductors for applications in field-effect transistors. Here, we investigated the electronic properties of 1,3,8,10-tetraazaperopyrene derivatives adsorbed on Au(111) using a complementary experimental approach, namely, scanning tunneling spectroscopy and two-photon photoemission combined with state-of-the-art density functional theory. We find signatures of weak physisorption of the molecular layers, such as the absence of charge transfer, a nearly unperturbed surface state, and an intact herringbone reconstruction underneath the molecular layer. Interestingly, molecular states in the energy region of the sp- and d-bands of the Au(111) substrate exhibit hole-like dispersive character. We ascribe this band character to hybridization with the delocalized states of the substrate. We suggest that such bands, which leave the molecular frontier orbitals largely unperturbed, are a promising lead for the design of organic-metal interfaces with a low charge injection barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnulf Stein
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Rolf
- Fachbereich
Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Lotze
- Fachbereich
Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Gerbert
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Günther
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jeindl
- Technische
Universität Graz, Institut für Festkörperphysik, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes J. Cartus
- Technische
Universität Graz, Institut für Festkörperphysik, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver T. Hofmann
- Technische
Universität Graz, Institut für Festkörperphysik, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Franke
- Fachbereich
Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Frimpong J, Liu ZF. Quasiparticle electronic structure of two-dimensional heterotriangulene-based covalent organic frameworks adsorbed on Au(111). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:254004. [PMID: 33848999 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf7a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The modular nature and unique electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) make them an attractive option for applications in catalysis, optoelectronics, and spintronics. The fabrications of such devices often involve interfaces formed between COFs and substrates. In this work, we employ the first-principlesGWapproach to accurately determine the quasiparticle electronic structure of three 2D carbonyl bridged heterotriangulene-based COFs featuring honeycomb-kagome lattice, with their properties ranging from a semi-metal to a wide-gap semiconductor. Moreover, we study the adsorption of these COFs on Au(111) surface and characterize the quasiparticle electronic structure at the heterogeneous COF/Au(111) interfaces. To reduce the computational cost, we apply the recently developed dielectric embeddingGWapproach and show that our results agree with existing experimental measurement on the interfacial energy level alignment. Our calculations illustrate how the many-body dielectric screening at the interface modulates the energies and shapes of the Dirac bands, the effective masses of semiconducting COFs, as well as the Fermi velocity of the semi-metallic COF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Frimpong
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Zhen-Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou Q, Liu ZF, Marks TJ, Darancet P. Electronic Structure of Metallophthalocyanines, MPc (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg) and Fluorinated MPc. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4055-4061. [PMID: 33961423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We compute the electronic structure and optical excitation energies of metal-free and transition-metal phthalocyanines (H2Pc and MPc for M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg) using density functional theory with optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functionals (OT-RSH). We show that the OT-RSH approach provides photoemission spectra in quantitative agreement with experiments as well as optical band gaps within 10% of their experimental values, capturing the interplay of localized d-states and delocalized π-π* states for these organometallic compounds. We examine the tunability of MPcs and H2Pc through fluorination, resulting in quasi-rigid shifts of the molecular orbital energies by up to 0.7 eV. Our comprehensive data set provides a new computational benchmark for gas-phase phthalocyanines, significantly improving upon other density-functional-theory-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qunfei Zhou
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhen-Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.,Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Futera Z. Amino-acid interactions with the Au(111) surface: adsorption, band alignment, and interfacial electronic coupling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10257-10266. [PMID: 33899874 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00218j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The charge transport properties of biological molecules like peptides and proteins are intensively studied for the great flexibility, redox-state variability, long-range efficiency, and biocompatibility of potential bioelectronic applications. Yet, the electronic interactions of biomolecules with solid metal surfaces, determining the conductivities of the biomolecular junctions, are hard to predict and usually unavailable. Here, we present accurate adsorption structures and energies, electronic band alignment, and interfacial electronic coupling data for all 20 natural amino acids computed using the DFT+Σ scheme based on the vdW-DF and OT-RSH functionals. For comparison, data obtained using the popular PBE functional are provided as well. Tryptophan, compared to other amino acids, is shown to be distinctly exceptional in terms of the electronic properties related to charge transport. Its high adsorption energy, frontier-orbital levels aligned relatively close to the Fermi energy of gold and strong interfacial electronic coupling make it an ideal candidate for facilitating charge transfer on such heterogeneous interfaces. Although the amino acids in peptides and proteins are affected by the structural interactions hindering their contact with the surface, knowledge of the single-molecule surface interactions is necessary for a detailed understanding of such structural effects and tuning of potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Futera
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ninova S, Malcıoğlu OB, Auburger P, Franke M, Lytken O, Steinrück HP, Bockstedte M. Morphology dependent interaction between Co(II)-tetraphenylporphyrin and the MgO(100) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2105-2116. [PMID: 33437981 PMCID: PMC8431532 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04859c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are key elements in organic–inorganic hybrid systems for a wide range of applications. Understanding their interaction with the substrate gives a handle on structural and electronic device properties. Here we investigate a single transition-metal porphyrin, namely Co(ii)-tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP), on the MgO(100) surface and the effect of multilayer film formation within hybrid density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. We focus on the relevant adsorption sites, simulate their photoemission spectra as a key fingerprint and compare with experiments on MgO(100) films on Ag(100). While we find only weak interaction between the cobalt centre and terrace sites on the MgO(100) surface, a strong interaction manifests itself with the low-coordinated sites. This leads to distinct features in both the valence and core-level regions of the electronic structure, as observed in the ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectra, corroborated by simulated spectra and calculated cobalt core-level shifts. Our work thus demonstrates the relevance of morphology-related low-coordinated sites and their properties in the adsorption of CoTPP on the MgO(100) surface. The adsorption of Co-tetraphenylporphyrin at relevant low-coordinated sites on MgO(100) shows distinct features from terrace-site and multilayer films in the near-valence and corelevel regions of the electronic structure.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silviya Ninova
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Osman Barış Malcıoğlu
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Philipp Auburger
- Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Franke
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michel Bockstedte
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. .,Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes-Kepler-Universität Linz, Altenberger Str. 68, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mei Y, Chen Z, Yang W. Self-Consistent Calculation of the Localized Orbital Scaling Correction for Correct Electron Densities and Energy-Level Alignments in Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10269-10277. [PMID: 33215928 PMCID: PMC8341159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed localized orbital scaling correction (LOSC) method shows the ability to systematically and size-consistently reduce the delocalization error existing in conventional density functional approximations (DFAs). However, the application of LOSC to DFAs was mainly through a post self-consistent field (SCF) manner, and few results from applying LOSC to DFAs in an SCF manner have been reported. The reason is that the originally proposed SCF approach to SCF-LOSC calculation uses an approximate Hamiltonian and encounters convergence problems easily in practice. In this work, we develop a new SCF approach with a correct Hamiltonian and achieve reliable SCF-LOSC calculations. We demonstrate the capability of the new SCF approach for SCF-LOSC to correctly describe the electron densities, total energies, and energy-level alignment for the molecular dissociation process, while conventional DFAs or LOSC-DFAs with post-SCF calculations show large errors. This work demonstrates that the new SCF approach for SCF-LOSC would be a promising method for studying problems for correct electron densities and energy-level alignments in large systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Futera Z, Ide I, Kayser B, Garg K, Jiang X, van Wonderen JH, Butt JN, Ishii H, Pecht I, Sheves M, Cahen D, Blumberger J. Coherent Electron Transport across a 3 nm Bioelectronic Junction Made of Multi-Heme Proteins. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9766-9774. [PMID: 33142062 PMCID: PMC7681787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-heme cytochromes (MHCs) are fascinating proteins used by bacterial organisms to shuttle electrons within, between, and out of their cells. When placed in solid-state electronic junctions, MHCs support temperature-independent currents over several nanometers that are 3 orders of magnitude higher compared to other redox proteins of similar size. To gain molecular-level insight into their astonishingly high conductivities, we combine experimental photoemission spectroscopy with DFT+Σ current-voltage calculations on a representative Gold-MHC-Gold junction. We find that conduction across the dry, 3 nm long protein occurs via off-resonant coherent tunneling, mediated by a large number of protein valence-band orbitals that are strongly delocalized over heme and protein residues. This picture is profoundly different from the electron hopping mechanism induced electrochemically or photochemically under aqueous conditions. Our results imply that the current output in solid-state junctions can be even further increased in resonance, for example, by applying a gate voltage, thus allowing a quantum jump for next-generation bionanoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Futera
- Faculty
of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, U.K.
| | - Ichiro Ide
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Chiba
University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ben Kayser
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kavita Garg
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, U.K.
| | - Jessica H. van Wonderen
- School
of Chemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Julea N. Butt
- School
of Chemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Hisao Ishii
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Chiba
University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Israel Pecht
- Department
of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, U.K.
- (J.B.)
. Phone: ++44-(0)20-7679-4373. Fax: ++44-(0)20-7679-7145
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jana MK, Song R, Liu H, Khanal DR, Janke SM, Zhao R, Liu C, Valy Vardeny Z, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Organic-to-inorganic structural chirality transfer in a 2D hybrid perovskite and impact on Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4699. [PMID: 32943625 PMCID: PMC7499302 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation of chirality and asymmetry across structural motifs and length scales plays a fundamental role in nature, enabling unique functionalities in contexts ranging from biological systems to synthetic materials. Here, we introduce a structural chirality transfer across the organic-inorganic interface in two-dimensional hybrid perovskites using appropriate chiral organic cations. The preferred molecular configuration of the chiral spacer cations, R-(+)- or S-(-)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylammonium and their asymmetric hydrogen-bonding interactions with lead bromide-based layers cause symmetry-breaking helical distortions in the inorganic layers, otherwise absent when employing a racemic mixture of organic spacers. First-principles modeling predicts a substantial bulk Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-splitting in the inorganic-derived conduction band with opposite spin textures between R- and S-hybrids due to the broken inversion symmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling. The ability to break symmetry using chirality transfer from one structural unit to another provides a synthetic design paradigm for emergent properties, including Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-polarization for hybrid perovskite spintronics and related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Dipak Raj Khanal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Svenja M Janke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Rundong Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - David B Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Potential of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Determining Interface Dipoles of Self-Assembled Monolayers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current manuscript we assess to what extent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a suitable tool for probing the dipoles formed at interfaces between self-assembled monolayers and metal substrates. To that aim, we perform dispersion-corrected, slab-type band-structure calculations on a number of biphenyl-based systems bonded to an Au(111) surface via different docking groups. In addition to changing the docking chemistry (and the associated interface dipoles), the impacts of polar tail group substituents and varying dipole densities are also investigated. We find that for densely packed monolayers the shifts of the peak positions of the simulated XP spectra are a direct measure for the interface dipoles. In the absence of polar tail group substituents they also directly correlate with adsorption-induced work function changes. At reduced dipole densities this correlation deteriorates, as work function measurements probe the difference between the Fermi level of the substrate and the electrostatic energy far above the interface, while core level shifts are determined by the local electrostatic energy in the region of the atom from which the photoelectron is excited.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu H, Xiao C, Song R, Li T, Maughan AE, Levin A, Brunecky R, Berry JJ, Mitzi DB, Blum V, Beard MC. Highly Distorted Chiral Two-Dimensional Tin Iodide Perovskites for Spin Polarized Charge Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13030-13040. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Lu
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Chuanxiao Xiao
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tianyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Annalise E. Maughan
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andrew Levin
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Roman Brunecky
- Chemical and Bioscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph J. Berry
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David B. Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthew C. Beard
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Franco-Cañellas A, Duhm S, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Binding and electronic level alignment of π-conjugated systems on metals. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:066501. [PMID: 32101802 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab7a42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We review the binding and energy level alignment of π-conjugated systems on metals, a field which during the last two decades has seen tremendous progress both in terms of experimental characterization as well as in the depth of theoretical understanding. Precise measurements of vertical adsorption distances and the electronic structure together with ab initio calculations have shown that most of the molecular systems have to be considered as intermediate cases between weak physisorption and strong chemisorption. In this regime, the subtle interplay of different effects such as covalent bonding, charge transfer, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions yields a complex situation with different adsorption mechanisms. In order to establish a better understanding of the binding and the electronic level alignment of π-conjugated molecules on metals, we provide an up-to-date overview of the literature, explain the fundamental concepts as well as the experimental techniques and discuss typical case studies. Thereby, we relate the geometric with the electronic structure in a consistent picture and cover the entire range from weak to strong coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Franco-Cañellas
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Starr RL, Fu T, Doud EA, Stone I, Roy X, Venkataraman L. Gold-Carbon Contacts from Oxidative Addition of Aryl Iodides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7128-7133. [PMID: 32212683 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aryl halides are ubiquitous functional groups in organic chemistry, yet despite their obvious appeal as surface-binding linkers and as precursors for controlled graphene nanoribbon synthesis, they have seldom been used as such in molecular electronics. The confusion regarding the bonding of aryl iodides to Au electrodes is a case in point, with ambiguous reports of both dative Au-I and covalent Au-C contacts. Here we form single-molecule junctions with a series of oligophenylene molecular wires terminated asymmetrically with iodine and thiomethyl to show that the dative Au-I contact has a lower conductance than the covalent Au-C interaction, which we propose occurs via an in situ oxidative addition reaction at the Au surface. Furthermore, we confirm the formation of the Au-C bond by measuring an analogous series of molecules prepared ex situ with the complex AuI(PPh3) in place of the iodide. Density functional theory-based transport calculations support our experimental observations that Au-C linkages have higher conductance than Au-I linkages. Finally, we demonstrate selective promotion of the Au-C bond formation by controlling the bias applied across the junction. In addition to establishing the different binding modes of aryl iodides, our results chart a path to actively controlling oxidative addition on an Au surface using an applied bias.
Collapse
|
28
|
Cohen G, Galperin M. Green’s function methods for single molecule junctions. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:090901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5145210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cohen
- The Raymond and Beverley Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Galperin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tan A, Zhang P. Tailoring the growth and electronic structures of organic molecular thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:503001. [PMID: 31422957 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab3c22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the rapidly developing electronics industry, it has become increasingly necessary to explore materials that are cheap, flexible and versatile which have led to significant research efforts towards organic molecular thin films. Organic molecules are unique compared to their inorganic atomic counterparts as their properties can be tuned drastically through chemical functionalization, offering versatility, though their extended shape and weak intermolecular interactions bring significant challenges to the control of both the growth and the electronic structures of molecular thin films. In this paper, we will review the self-assembly process and how to establish long-range ordered organic molecular thin films. We will also discuss how the electronic structures of thin films are impacted by the molecule's local electrostatic environment and its interaction with the substrate, within the context of controlling interfacial energy level alignment between organic semiconductors and electrodes in electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sauter E, Nascimbeni G, Trefz D, Ludwigs S, Zojer E, von Wrochem F, Zharnikov M. A dithiocarbamate anchoring group as a flexible platform for interface engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22511-22525. [PMID: 31588446 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular organization and electronic properties of dithiocarbamate (DTC) anchored self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) linked to Au(111) substrates are studied by a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, and state-of-the-art density functional theory calculations. For that, several piperidine/piperazine precursors with different architecture and substitution patterns are selected. The presented data show that the DTC anchor provides a useful building block for monomolecular self-assembly on coinage metals with both sulfur atoms bonded to the substrate in a way similar to what is usually observed for the more commonly applied thiolate docking group. The combination of the DTC group with the quite flexible piperidine/piperazine cyclic linkers results in a dense molecular packing with an upright orientation of the terminal moieties. The latter comprise phenyl rings bearing various substituents, which enables tuning the interfacial dipole over a wide range. Simulations on two prototypical DTC-docked SAMs help to better understand the experimental observations and provide insight into the local origin of the SAM-induced shifts in the electrostatic energy. In particular, a comparison of measured and simulated XP spectra reveals the significant contribution of the DTC group to the interfacial dipole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sauter
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Giulia Nascimbeni
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniel Trefz
- Chair for Structure and Properties of Polymeric Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry (IPOC), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- Chair for Structure and Properties of Polymeric Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry (IPOC), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Florian von Wrochem
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu ZF, da Jornada FH, Louie SG, Neaton JB. Accelerating GW-Based Energy Level Alignment Calculations for Molecule-Metal Interfaces Using a Substrate Screening Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4218-4227. [PMID: 31194538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The physics of electronic energy level alignment at interfaces formed between molecules and metals can in general be accurately captured by the ab initio GW approach. However, the computational cost of such GW calculations for typical interfaces is significant, given their large system size and chemical complexity. In the past, approximate self-energy corrections, such as those constructed from image-charge models together with gas-phase molecular level corrections, have been used to compute level alignment with good accuracy. However, these approaches often neglect dynamical effects of the polarizability and require the definition of an image plane. In this work, we propose a new approximation to enable more efficient GW-quality calculations of interfaces, where we greatly simplify the calculation of the noninteracting polarizability, a primary bottleneck for large heterogeneous systems. This is achieved by first computing the noninteracting polarizability of each individual component of the interface, e.g., the molecule and the metal, without the use of large supercells, and then using folding and spatial truncation techniques to efficiently combine these quantities. Overall this approach significantly reduces the computational cost for conventional GW calculations of level alignment without sacrificing the accuracy. Moreover, this approach captures both dynamical and nonlocal polarization effects without the need to invoke a classical image-charge expression or to define an image plane. We demonstrate our approach by considering a model system of benzene at relatively low coverage on the aluminum (111) surface. Although developed for such interfaces, the method can be readily extended to other heterogeneous interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Fei Liu
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Department of Physics , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Felipe H da Jornada
- Department of Physics , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Department of Physics , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xuan F, Chen Y, Quek SY. Quasiparticle Levels at Large Interface Systems from Many-Body Perturbation Theory: The XAF-GW Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3824-3835. [PMID: 31084031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a fully ab initio approach based on many-body perturbation theory in the GW approximation to compute the quasiparticle levels of large interface systems without significant covalent interactions between the different components of the interface (meaning that the different components can be separated without the creation of dangling bonds). The only assumption in our approach is that the polarizability matrix (chi) of the interface can be given by the sum of the polarizability matrices of individual components of the interface. We show analytically, using a two-state hybridized model, that this assumption is valid even in the presence of interface hybridization to form bonding and antibonding states up to first order in the overlap matrix elements involved in the hybridization. We validate our approach by showing that the band structure obtained in our method is almost identical to that obtained using a regular GW calculation for bilayer black phosphorus, where interlayer hybridization is significant. Significant savings in computational time and memory are obtained by computing chi only for the smallest subunit cell of each component and expanding (unfolding) the chi matrix to that in the unit cell of the interface. To treat interface hybridization, the full wave functions of the interface are used in computing the self-energy. We thus call the method XAF-GW (X, eXpand-chi; A, Add-chi; F, Full wave functions). Compared to GW-embedding type approaches in the literature, the XAF-GW approach is not limited to specific screening environments or to nonhybridized interface systems. XAF-GW can also be applied to systems with different dimensionalities, as well as to Moire superlattices such as in twisted bilayers. We illustrate the generality and usefulness of our approach by applying it to self-assembled PTCDA monolayers on Au(111) and Ag(111) and PTCDA monolayers on graphite-supported monolayer WSe2. In all cases, the predicted HOMO and LUMO levels agree well with experimental measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Xuan
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , National University of Singapore , Block S14, Level 6, 6 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117546 , Singapore
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , National University of Singapore , Block S14, Level 6, 6 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117546 , Singapore
| | - Su Ying Quek
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , National University of Singapore , Block S14, Level 6, 6 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117546 , Singapore.,Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qiu Y, Li Y. A theoretical method for the high-sensitivity fluorescence detection of PAEs through double-substitution modification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34684-34692. [PMID: 30324366 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive method for the detection of phthalate acid ester (PAE) derivatives by fluorescence spectroscopy based on a double-substitution modification is reported. The fluorescence intensities of 18 PAE derivatives and the template PAEs after docking with the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) are compared; the fluorescence intensities of the PAE derivatives increase significantly (28.20 to 110.00 times) with high sensitivities, but the functionalities (stability and insulation) are not affected. The persistence, mobility, and toxicity of the PAE derivatives are reduced by varying degrees, and their amounts of bioaccumulation are not significantly changed, indicating that the derivatives are more environmentally friendly. Within the wavelength range 240-420 nm in the fluorescence spectrum, there is no interference between the PAE derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the derivatives can be detected with good precision. Based on the analysis of fluorescence characteristics using a 2D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model, the occupied orbital energies and Mulliken charge numbers are the main factors that influence the spectral characteristics of the PAE derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youli Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Turkina O, Nabok D, Gulans A, Cocchi C, Draxl C. Electronic and Optical Excitations at the Pyridine/ZnO(101¯0) Hybrid Interface. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Turkina
- Institut für Physik and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Dmitrii Nabok
- Institut für Physik and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Andris Gulans
- Institut für Physik and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Institut für Physik and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Claudia Draxl
- Institut für Physik and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kronik L, Kümmel S. Dielectric Screening Meets Optimally Tuned Density Functionals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706560. [PMID: 29665112 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A short overview of recent attempts at merging two independently developed methods is presented. These are the optimal tuning of a range-separated hybrid (OT-RSH) functional, developed to provide an accurate first-principles description of the electronic structure and optical properties of gas-phase molecules, and the polarizable continuum model (PCM), developed to provide an approximate but computationally tractable description of a solvent in terms of an effective dielectric medium. After a brief overview of the OT-RSH approach, its combination with the PCM as a potentially accurate yet low-cost approach to the study of molecular assemblies and solids, particularly in the context of photocatalysis and photovoltaics, is discussed. First, solvated molecules are considered, with an emphasis on the challenge of balancing eigenvalue and total energy trends. Then, it is shown that the same merging of methods can also be used to study the electronic and optical properties of molecular solids, with a similar discussion of the pros and cons. Tuning of the effective scalar dielectric constant as one recent approach that mitigates some of the difficulties in merging the two approaches is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Stephan Kümmel
- Theoretical Physics IV, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zaitsev NL, Jakob P, Tonner R. Structure and vibrational properties of the PTCDA/Ag(1 1 1) interface: bilayer versus monolayer. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:354001. [PMID: 30039803 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aad576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structural and vibrational properties of metal-organic interfaces have been examined by means of infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) with an approach accounting for long-range dispersive interactions. We focus on a comparative study of the PTCDA monolayer and bilayer on Ag(1 1 1). The equilibrium geometry at the molecule-metal interface and the IR spectrum of the chemisorbed monolayer of PTCDA on Ag(1 1 1) are well described by the computations. In the bilayer structure, the presence of a physisorbed adlayer on top of PTCDA/Ag(1 1 1) presents a challenge for DFT. As previously described for other systems, the polarization of the substrate is not captured correctly and results in too low energies of frontier molecular orbitals. This results in an apparent contribution from the vibrations of second-layer PTCDA to the IR spectrum due to interfacial dynamical charge transfer processes. After removing these peaks with artificially strong intensity, calculated and experimental data show good agreement and the IR spectrum can be described as the sum of the spectra of the PTCDA/Ag(1 1 1) contact layer and a physisorbed PTCDA monolayer on top.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N L Zaitsev
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075, Ufa, Russia. Laboratory of Nanostructured Surfaces and Coating, Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fu B, Mosquera MA, Schatz GC, Ratner MA, Hsu LY. Photoinduced Anomalous Coulomb Blockade and the Role of Triplet States in Electron Transport through an Irradiated Molecular Transistor. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5015-5023. [PMID: 29995424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explore photoinduced electron transport through a molecule weakly coupled to two electrodes by combining first-principles quantum chemistry calculations with a Pauli master equation approach that accounts for many-electron states. In the incoherent limit, we demonstrate that energy-level alignment of triplet and charged states plays a crucial role, even when the rate of intersystem crossing is much smaller than the rate of fluorescence. Furthermore, the field intensity dependence and an upper bound to the photoinduced electric current can be analytically derived in our model. Under an optical field, the conductance spectra (charge stability diagrams) exhibit unusual Coulomb diamonds, which are associated with molecular excited states, and their widths can be expressed in terms of energies of the molecular electronic states. This study offers new directions for exploring optoelectronic response in nanoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liang-Yan Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lorenzoni A, Mosca Conte A, Pecchia A, Mercuri F. Nanoscale morphology and electronic coupling at the interface between indium tin oxide and organic molecular materials. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9376-9385. [PMID: 29738001 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between nanoscale morphology and charge injection rates at the interface between an organic semiconductor layer and a transparent metal oxide electrode was investigated by integrating molecular dynamics simulations with electronic structure calculations. The simulation approach proposed has been applied to the analysis of the hole injection mechanism at the interface between an amorphous layer of tris[(3-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl-2(3H)-ylidene)-1,2-phenylene]Ir (DPBIC), a hole transport and emitter molecule, and the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO), a material commonly used as anode in OLEDs. The link between interface morphology and charge injection was investigated by implementing a two-step, top-down simulation approach. Namely, nanoscale molecular aggregation phenomena at the organic/electrode interface were first assessed by molecular dynamics simulations, mimicking different processing conditions, and followed by density functional theory calculations of the electronic coupling between molecular levels and the manifold of electrode states involved in the charge injection process. The correlation between structural parameters and electronic coupling suggests a significant role of specific molecule/electrode configurations on charge transport processes at the interface, resulting in a broad distribution of charge injection rates, and highlights the link between molecular structure, nanoscale aggregation and processing in the realization of heterointerfaces for efficient charge injection in organic electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lorenzoni
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang YL, Zheng YJ, Song Z, Chi D, Wee ATS, Quek SY. The organic-2D transition metal dichalcogenide heterointerface. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3241-3264. [PMID: 29651487 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00159f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the first isolation of graphene, new classes of two-dimensional (2D) materials have offered fascinating platforms for fundamental science and technology explorations at the nanometer scale. In particular, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) such as MoS2 and WSe2 have been intensely investigated due to their unique electronic and optical properties, including tunable optical bandgaps, direct-indirect bandgap crossover, strong spin-orbit coupling, etc., for next-generation flexible nanoelectronics and nanophotonics applications. On the other hand, organics have always been excellent materials for flexible electronics. A plethora of organic molecules, including donors, acceptors, and photosensitive molecules, can be synthesized using low cost and scalable procedures. Marrying the fields of organics and 2D TMDs will bring benefits that are not present in either material alone, enabling even better, multifunctional flexible devices. Central to the realization of such devices is a fundamental understanding of the organic-2D TMD interface. Here, we review the organic-2D TMD interface from both chemical and physical perspectives. We discuss the current understanding of the interfacial interactions between the organic layers and the TMDs, as well as the energy level alignment at the interface, focusing in particular on surface charge transfer and electronic screening effects. Applications from the literature are discussed, especially in optoelectronics and p-n hetero- and homo-junctions. We conclude with an outlook on future scientific and device developments based on organic-2D TMD heterointerfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li Huang
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yin X, Zang Y, Zhu L, Low JZ, Liu ZF, Cui J, Neaton JB, Venkataraman L, Campos LM. A reversible single-molecule switch based on activated antiaromaticity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao2615. [PMID: 29098181 PMCID: PMC5659654 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule electronic devices provide researchers with an unprecedented ability to relate novel physical phenomena to molecular chemical structures. Typically, conjugated aromatic molecular backbones are relied upon to create electronic devices, where the aromaticity of the building blocks is used to enhance conductivity. We capitalize on the classical physical organic chemistry concept of Hückel antiaromaticity by demonstrating a single-molecule switch that exhibits low conductance in the neutral state and, upon electrochemical oxidation, reversibly switches to an antiaromatic high-conducting structure. We form single-molecule devices using the scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction technique and observe an on/off ratio of ~70 for a thiophenylidene derivative that switches to an antiaromatic state with 6-4-6-π electrons. Through supporting nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, we show that the doubly oxidized core has antiaromatic character and we use density functional theory calculations to rationalize the origin of the high-conductance state for the oxidized single-molecule junction. Together, our work demonstrates how the concept of antiaromaticity can be exploited to create single-molecule devices that are highly conducting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yaping Zang
- Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jonathan Z. Low
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zhen-Fei Liu
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Borges A, Xia J, Liu SH, Venkataraman L, Solomon GC. The Role of Through-Space Interactions in Modulating Constructive and Destructive Interference Effects in Benzene. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4436-4442. [PMID: 28650176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference effects, whether constructive or destructive, are key to predicting and understanding the electrical conductance of single molecules. Here, through theory and experiment, we investigate a family of benzene-like molecules that exhibit both constructive and destructive interference effects arising due to more than one contact between the molecule and each electrode. In particular, we demonstrate that the π-system of meta-coupled benzene can exhibit constructive interference and its para-coupled analog can exhibit destructive interference, and vice versa, depending on the specific through-space interactions. As a peculiarity, this allows a meta-coupled benzene molecule to exhibit higher conductance than a para-coupled benzene. Our results provide design principles for molecular electronic components with high sensitivity to through-space interactions and demonstrate that increasing the number of contacts between the molecule and electrodes can both increase and decrease the conductance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Borges
- Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University , New York 10027, United States
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , 1017 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York 10027, United States
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , 1017 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang S, Kharche N, Costa Girão E, Feng X, Müllen K, Meunier V, Fasel R, Ruffieux P. Quantum Dots in Graphene Nanoribbons. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4277-4283. [PMID: 28603996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) hold great promise for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and bioelectronics, but the fabrication of widely tunable GQDs has remained elusive. Here, we report the fabrication of atomically precise GQDs consisting of low-bandgap N = 14 armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) segments that are achieved through edge fusion of N = 7 AGNRs. The so-formed intraribbon GQDs reveal deterministically defined, atomically sharp interfaces between wide and narrow AGNR segments and host a pair of low-lying interface states. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements complemented by extensive simulations reveal that their energy splitting depends exponentially on the length of the central narrow bandgap segment. This allows tuning of the fundamental gap of the GQDs over 1 order of magnitude within a few nanometers length range. These results are expected to pave the way for the development of widely tunable intraribbon GQD-based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Wang
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Neerav Kharche
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, 12180 New York, United States
| | - Eduardo Costa Girão
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí , CEP 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí Brazil
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden , Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, 12180 New York, United States
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tamblyn I. The electronic structure of nanoscale interfaces. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1313417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Tamblyn
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hollerer M, Lüftner D, Hurdax P, Ules T, Soubatch S, Tautz FS, Koller G, Puschnig P, Sterrer M, Ramsey MG. Charge Transfer and Orbital Level Alignment at Inorganic/Organic Interfaces: The Role of Dielectric Interlayers. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6252-6260. [PMID: 28541656 PMCID: PMC5492217 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming accepted that ultrathin dielectric layers on metals are not merely passive decoupling layers, but can actively influence orbital energy level alignment and charge transfer at interfaces. As such, they can be important in applications ranging from catalysis to organic electronics. However, the details at the molecular level are still under debate. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of charge transfer promoted by a dielectric interlayer with a comparative study of pentacene adsorbed on Ag(001) with and without an ultrathin MgO interlayer. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission tomography supported by density functional theory, we are able to identify the orbitals involved and quantify the degree of charge transfer in both cases. Fractional charge transfer occurs for pentacene adsorbed on Ag(001), while the presence of the ultrathin MgO interlayer promotes integer charge transfer with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital transforming into a singly occupied and singly unoccupied state separated by a large gap around the Fermi energy. Our experimental approach allows a direct access to the individual factors governing the energy level alignment and charge-transfer processes for molecular adsorbates on inorganic substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hollerer
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Lüftner
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Hurdax
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Ules
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Serguei Soubatch
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Stefan Tautz
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Koller
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Sterrer
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail:
| | - Michael G. Ramsey
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Interfacial phenomena between conjugated organic molecules and noble metals. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
46
|
Liu ZF, Egger DA, Refaely-Abramson S, Kronik L, Neaton JB. Energy level alignment at molecule-metal interfaces from an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functional. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4975321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Fei Liu
- Molecular Foundry and Materials Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David A. Egger
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Sivan Refaely-Abramson
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Molecular Foundry and Materials Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Stadtmüller B, Seidel J, Haag N, Grad L, Tusche C, van Straaten G, Franke M, Kirschner J, Kumpf C, Cinchetti M, Aeschlimann M. Modifying the Surface of a Rashba-Split Pb-Ag Alloy Using Tailored Metal-Organic Bonds. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:096805. [PMID: 27610875 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.096805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization-related modifications of the first metal layer of a metal-organic interface are difficult to access experimentally and have been largely neglected so far. Here, we study the influence of specific chemical bonds (as formed by the organic molecules CuPc and PTCDA) on a Pb-Ag surface alloy. We find that delocalized van der Waals or weak chemical π-type bonds are not strong enough to alter the alloy, while localized σ-type bonds lead to a vertical displacement of the Pb surface atoms and to changes in the alloy's surface band structure. Our results provide an exciting platform for tuning the Rashba-type spin texture of surface alloys using organic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stadtmüller
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Erwin Schroedinger Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johannes Seidel
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Norman Haag
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lisa Grad
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christian Tusche
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Gerben van Straaten
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Franke
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kirschner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Kumpf
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mirko Cinchetti
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Aeschlimann
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Groß L, Herrmann C. Local electric dipole moments: A generalized approach. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2260-5. [PMID: 27520590 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present an approach for calculating local electric dipole moments for fragments of molecular or supramolecular systems. This is important for understanding chemical gating and solvent effects in nanoelectronics, atomic force microscopy, and intensities in infrared spectroscopy. Owing to the nonzero partial charge of most fragments, "naively" defined local dipole moments are origin-dependent. Inspired by previous work based on Bader's atoms-in-molecules (AIM) partitioning, we derive a definition of fragment dipole moments which achieves origin-independence by relying on internal reference points. Instead of bond critical points (BCPs) as in existing approaches, we use as few reference points as possible, which are located between the fragment and the remainder(s) of the system and may be chosen based on chemical intuition. This allows our approach to be used with AIM implementations that circumvent the calculation of critical points for reasons of computational efficiency, for cases where no BCPs are found due to large interfragment distances, and with local partitioning schemes other than AIM which do not provide BCPs. It is applicable to both covalently and noncovalently bound systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Groß
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Maitra NT. Perspective: Fundamental aspects of time-dependent density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:220901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4953039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neepa T. Maitra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College and the Physics Program at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kharche N, Meunier V. Width and Crystal Orientation Dependent Band Gap Renormalization in Substrate-Supported Graphene Nanoribbons. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1526-1533. [PMID: 27063190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The excitation energy levels of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), are strongly affected by the presence of a substrate due to the long-range screening effects. We develop a first-principles approach combining density functional theory (DFT), the GW approximation, and a semiclassical image-charge model to compute the electronic band gaps in planar 1D systems in weak interaction with the surrounding environment. Application of our method to the specific case of GNRs yields good agreement with the range of available experimental data and shows that the band gap of substrate-supported GNRs are reduced by several tenths of an electronvolt compared to their isolated counterparts, with a width and orientation-dependent renormalization. Our results indicate that the band gaps in GNRs can be tuned by controlling screening at the interface by changing the surrounding dielectric materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neerav Kharche
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| |
Collapse
|