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Bhattacharjee S, Gao J, Lu YW, Eisa-Beygi S, Wu H, Li K, Birsner AE, Wong S, Song Y, Shyy JYJ, Cowan DB, Wei W, Aikawa M, Shi J, Chen H. Interplay Between FoxM1 and Dab2 Promotes Endothelial Cell Responses in Diabetic Wound Healing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.07.579019. [PMID: 39253510 PMCID: PMC11383039 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus can cause impaired and delayed wound healing, leading to lower extremity amputations; however, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent angiogenesis remain uncertain and could reveal new therapeutic targets. In our study, the molecular underpinnings of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes were investigated, focusing on the roles of Disabled-2 (Dab2) and Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) in VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling and endothelial cell (EC) function. Bulk RNA-sequencing analysis identified significant downregulation of Dab2 in high concentrations glucose treated primary mouse skin ECs, simulating hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes mellitus. In diabetic mice with a genetic EC deficiency of Dab2 angiogenesis was reduced in vivo and in vitro when compared with wild-type mice. Restoration of Dab2 expression by injected mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles rescued impaired angiogenesis and wound healing in diabetic mice. At the same time, FoxM1 was downregulated in skin ECs subjected to high glucose conditions as determined by RNA-sequencing analysis. FoxM1 was found to bind to the Dab2 promoter, regulating its expression and influencing VEGFR2 signaling. The FoxM1 inhibitor FDI-6 reduced Dab2 expression and phosphorylation of VEGFR2. These findings indicate that restoring Dab2 expression through targeted therapies can enhance angiogenesis and wound repair in diabetes. To explore this therapeutic potential, we tested LyP-1-conjugated lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing Dab2 or control mRNAs to target ECs and found the former significantly improved wound healing and angiogenesis in diabetic mice. This study provides evidence of the crucial roles of Dab2 and FoxM1 in diabetic endothelial dysfunction and establishes targeted delivery as a promising treatment for diabetic vascular complications.
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2
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Tang C, Zhou K, Wu D, Zhu H. Nanoparticles as a Novel Platform for Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:8831-8846. [PMID: 39220195 PMCID: PMC11365508 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s474888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health issue with high mortality and morbidity rates. With the advances in nanotechnology, nanoparticles are receiving increasing attention in diagnosing and treating CVD. Previous studies have explored the use of nanoparticles in noninvasive diagnostic technologies, such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Nanoparticles have been extensively studied as drug carriers and prognostic factors, demonstrating synergistic efficacy. This review summarized the current applications of nanoparticles in CVD and discussed their opportunities and challenges for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyun Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Guo L, Xiao D, Xing H, Yang G, Yang X. Engineered exosomes as a prospective therapy for diabetic foot ulcers. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae023. [PMID: 39026930 PMCID: PMC11255484 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), characterized by high recurrence rate, amputations and mortality, poses a significant challenge in diabetes management. The complex pathology involves dysregulated glucose homeostasis leading to systemic and local microenvironmental complications, including peripheral neuropathy, micro- and macro-angiopathy, recurrent infection, persistent inflammation and dysregulated re-epithelialization. Novel approaches to accelerate DFU healing are actively pursued, with a focus on utilizing exosomes. Exosomes are natural nanovesicles mediating cellular communication and containing diverse functional molecular cargos, including DNA, mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), lncRNA, proteins, lipids and metabolites. While some exosomes show promise in modulating cellular function and promoting ulcer healing, their efficacy is limited by low yield, impurities, low loading content and inadequate targeting. Engineering exosomes to enhance their curative activity represents a potentially more efficient approach for DFUs. This could facilitate focused repair and regeneration of nerves, blood vessels and soft tissue after ulcer development. This review provides an overview of DFU pathogenesis, strategies for exosome engineering and the targeted therapeutic application of engineered exosomes in addressing critical pathological changes associated with DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Guo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
- Cadet Team 6 of School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Helin Xing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili Street #4, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
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Ma X, Yi L, Li J, Ma J, Li W, Wang L, Liu C, Li B, Deng N, Kang W, Xue C. Engineering a Self-Assembled Protein Cage for Targeted Dual Functionalization. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39017718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled protein cages are attractive scaffolds for organizing various proteins of interest (POIs) toward applications in synthetic biology and medical science. However, specifically attaching multiple POIs to a single protein cage remains challenging, resulting in diversity among the functionalized particles. Here, we present the engineering of a self-assembled protein cage, DTMi3ST, capable of independently recruiting two different POIs using SpyCatcher (SC)/SpyTag (ST) and DogCatcher (DC)/DogTag (DT) chemistries, thereby reducing variability between assemblies. Using fluorescent proteins as models, we demonstrate controlled targeting of two different POIs onto DTMi3ST protein cages both in vitro and inside living cells. Furthermore, dual functionalization of the DTMi3ST protein cage with a membrane-targeting peptide and β-galactosidase resulted in the construction of membrane-bound enzyme assemblies in Escherichia coli, leading to a 69.6% enhancement in substrate utilization across the membrane. This versatile protein cage platform provides dual functional nanotools for biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Lun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiani Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Juncai Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lingqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chunxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, Georgia 30060, United States
| | - Ning Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Chuang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
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5
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van der Ven AM, Gyamfi H, Suttisansanee U, Ahmad MS, Su Z, Taylor RM, Poole A, Chiorean S, Daub E, Urquhart T, Honek JF. Molecular Engineering of E. coli Bacterioferritin: A Versatile Nanodimensional Protein Cage. Molecules 2023; 28:4663. [PMID: 37375226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, intense interest is focused on the discovery and application of new multisubunit cage proteins and spherical virus capsids to the fields of bionanotechnology, drug delivery, and diagnostic imaging as their internal cavities can serve as hosts for fluorophores or bioactive molecular cargo. Bacterioferritin is unusual in the ferritin protein superfamily of iron-storage cage proteins in that it contains twelve heme cofactors and is homomeric. The goal of the present study is to expand the capabilities of ferritins by developing new approaches to molecular cargo encapsulation employing bacterioferritin. Two strategies were explored to control the encapsulation of a diverse range of molecular guests compared to random entrapment, a predominant strategy employed in this area. The first was the inclusion of histidine-tag peptide fusion sequences within the internal cavity of bacterioferritin. This approach allowed for the successful and controlled encapsulation of a fluorescent dye, a protein (fluorescently labeled streptavidin), or a 5 nm gold nanoparticle. The second strategy, termed the heme-dependent cassette strategy, involved the substitution of the native heme with heme analogs attached to (i) fluorescent dyes or (ii) nickel-nitrilotriacetate (NTA) groups (which allowed for controllable encapsulation of a histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein). An in silico docking approach identified several small molecules able to replace the heme and capable of controlling the quaternary structure of the protein. A transglutaminase-based chemoenzymatic approach to surface modification of this cage protein was also accomplished, allowing for future nanoparticle targeting. This research presents novel strategies to control a diverse set of molecular encapsulations and adds a further level of sophistication to internal protein cavity engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M van der Ven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hawa Gyamfi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad S Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhengding Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Robert M Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Amanda Poole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sorina Chiorean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Daub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Taylor Urquhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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6
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Yang TM, Miao M, Yu WQ, Wang X, Xia FJ, Li YJ, Guo SD. Targeting macrophages in atherosclerosis using nanocarriers loaded with liver X receptor agonists: A narrow review. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1147699. [PMID: 36936982 PMCID: PMC10018149 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1147699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in the whole process of atherosclerosis, which is characterized by accumulation of lipid and inflammation. Presently, clinically used lipid-lowering drugs cannot completely retard the progress of atherosclerosis. Liver X receptor (LXR) plays a key role in regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Accumulating evidence have demonstrated that synthetic LXR agonists can significantly retard the development of atherosclerosis. However, these agonists induce sever hypertriglyceridemia and liver steatosis. These side effects have greatly limited their potential application for therapy of atherosclerosis. The rapid development of drug delivery system makes it possible to delivery interested drugs to special organs or cells using nanocarriers. Macrophages express various receptors which can recognize and ingest specially modified nanocarriers loaded with LXR agonists. In the past decades, a great progress has been made in this field. These macrophage-targeted nanocarriers loaded with LXR agonists are found to decrease atherosclerosis by reducing cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory reactions. Of important, these nanocarriers can alleviate side effects of LXR agonists. In this article, we briefly review the roles of macrophages in atherosclerosis, mechanisms of action of LXR agonists, and focus on the advances of macrophage-targeted nanocarriers loaded with LXR agonists. This work may promote the potential clinical application of these nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan-Jie Li
- *Correspondence: Yan-Jie Li, ; Shou-Dong Guo,
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7
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Kawakami N, Nasu E, Miyamoto K. Dual Modification of Artificial Protein Cage. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2671:147-156. [PMID: 37308644 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3222-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of proteins confer new functions on them or modulate their original functions. Although various approaches are developed for modifications, modifications of the two different reactive sites of proteins by different chemicals are still challenging. In this chapter, we show a simple approach for selective modifications of both interior and exterior surfaces of protein nanocages by two different chemicals based on a molecular size filter effect of the surface pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Kawakami
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Erika Nasu
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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8
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Xu J, Wang J, Chen Y, Hou Y, Hu J, Wang G. Recent advances of natural and bioengineered extracellular vesicles and their application in vascular regeneration. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac064. [PMID: 36176713 PMCID: PMC9514852 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction leads to serious vascular injury, highlighting the urgent need for targeted regenerative therapy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) composed of a lipid bilayer containing nuclear and cytosolic materials are relevant to the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, EVs can deliver bioactive cargo in pathological cardiovascular and regulate the biological function of recipient cells, such as inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis and polarization. However, because the targeting and bioactivity of natural EVs are subject to several limitations, bioengineered EVs have achieved wide advancements in biomedicine. Bioengineered EVs involve three main ways to acquire including (i) modification of the EVs after isolation; (ii) modification of producer cells before EVs’ isolation; (iii) synthesize EVs using natural or modified cell membranes, and encapsulating drugs or bioactive molecules into EVs. In this review, we first summarize the cardiovascular injury-related disease and describe the role of different cells and EVs in vascular regeneration. We also discuss the application of bioengineered EVs from different producer cells to cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we summarize the surface modification on EVs which can specifically target abnormal cells in injured vascular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yidan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching Center of Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuanfang Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering Modern Life Science Experiment Teaching Center of Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (G.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Guixue Wang
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (G.W.); (J.H.)
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9
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Li L, Chen G. Precise Assembly of Proteins and Carbohydrates for Next-Generation Biomaterials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16232-16251. [PMID: 36044681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complexity and diversity of biomacromolecules make them a unique class of building blocks for generating precise assemblies. They are particularly available to a new generation of biomaterials integrated with living systems due to their intrinsic properties such as accurate recognition, self-organization, and adaptability. Therefore, many excellent approaches have been developed, leading to a variety of quite practical outcomes. Here, we review recent advances in the fabrication and application of artificially precise assemblies by employing proteins and carbohydrates as building blocks, followed by our perspectives on some of new challenges, goals, and opportunities for the future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Multiscale Research Institute for Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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10
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Munir MU. Nanomedicine Penetration to Tumor: Challenges, and Advanced Strategies to Tackle This Issue. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122904. [PMID: 35740570 PMCID: PMC9221319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine has been under investigation for several years to improve the efficiency of chemotherapeutics, having minimal pharmacological effects clinically. Ineffective tumor penetration is mediated by tumor environments, including limited vascular system, rising cancer cells, higher interstitial pressure, and extra-cellular matrix, among other things. Thus far, numerous methods to increase nanomedicine access to tumors have been described, including the manipulation of tumor micro-environments and the improvement of nanomedicine characteristics; however, such outdated approaches still have shortcomings. Multi-functional convertible nanocarriers have recently been developed as an innovative nanomedicine generation with excellent tumor infiltration abilities, such as tumor-penetrating peptide-mediated transcellular transport. The developments and limitations of nanomedicines, as well as expectations for better outcomes of tumor penetration, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Li L, Liu S, Tan J, Wei L, Wu D, Gao S, Weng Y, Chen J. Recent advance in treatment of atherosclerosis: Key targets and plaque-positioned delivery strategies. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221088509. [PMID: 35356091 PMCID: PMC8958685 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221088509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of vascular wall, is a progressive pathophysiological process with lipids oxidation/depositing initiation and innate/adaptive immune responses. The coordination of multi systems covering oxidative stress, dysfunctional endothelium, diseased lipid uptake, cell apoptosis, thrombotic and pro-inflammatory responding as well as switched SMCs contributes to plaque growth. In this circumstance, inevitably, targeting these processes is considered to be effective for treating atherosclerosis. Arriving, retention and working of payload candidates mediated by targets in lesion direct ultimate therapeutic outcomes. Accumulating a series of scientific studies and clinical practice in the past decades, lesion homing delivery strategies including stent/balloon/nanoparticle-based transportation worked as the potent promotor to ensure a therapeutic effect. The objective of this review is to achieve a very brief summary about the effective therapeutic methods cooperating specifical targets and positioning-delivery strategies in atherosclerosis for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sainan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jianying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dimeng Wu
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yajun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
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12
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Ikeda-Imafuku M, Wang LLW, Rodrigues D, Shaha S, Zhao Z, Mitragotri S. Strategies to improve the EPR effect: A mechanistic perspective and clinical translation. J Control Release 2022; 345:512-536. [PMID: 35337939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to achieve targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to enhance their efficacy and to reduce their adverse effects. These efforts include the development of nanomedicines as they can selectively penetrate through tumor blood vessels through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The EPR effect was first proposed by Maeda and co-workers in 1986, and since then various types of nanoparticles have been developed to take advantage of the phenomenon with regards to drug delivery. However, the EPR effect has been found to be highly variable and thus unreliable due to the complex tumor microenvironment. Various physical and pharmacological strategies have been explored to overcome this challenge. Here, we review key advances and emerging concepts of such EPR-enhancing strategies. Furthermore, we analyze 723 clinical trials of nanoparticles with EPR enhancers and discuss their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ikeda-Imafuku
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Lily Li-Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Danika Rodrigues
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Suyog Shaha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Translational Oncology Program, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA.
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13
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Hang Y, Boryczka J, Wu N. Visible-light and near-infrared fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering point-of-care sensing and bio-imaging: a review. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:329-375. [PMID: 34897302 PMCID: PMC9135580 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review article deals with the concepts, principles and applications of visible-light and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in in vitro point-of-care testing (POCT) and in vivo bio-imaging. It has discussed how to utilize the biological transparency windows to improve the penetration depth and signal-to-noise ratio, and how to use surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to amplify fluorescence and SERS signals. This article has highlighted some plasmonic fluorescence and SERS probes. It has also reviewed the design strategies of fluorescent and SERS sensors in the detection of metal ions, small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids. Particularly, it has provided perspectives on the integration of fluorescent and SERS sensors into microfluidic chips as lab-on-chips to realize point-of-care testing. It has also discussed the design of active microfluidic devices and non-paper- or paper-based lateral flow assays for in vitro diagnostics. In addition, this article has discussed the strategies to design in vivo NIR fluorescence and SERS bio-imaging platforms for monitoring physiological processes and disease progression in live cells and tissues. Moreover, it has highlighted the applications of POCT and bio-imaging in testing toxins, heavy metals, illicit drugs, cancers, traumatic brain injuries, and infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza, HIV and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Jennifer Boryczka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
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Chen W, Schilperoort M, Cao Y, Shi J, Tabas I, Tao W. Macrophage-targeted nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:228-249. [PMID: 34759324 PMCID: PMC8580169 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology could improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and contribute to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to further reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Macrophages have key roles in atherosclerosis progression and, therefore, macrophage-associated pathological processes are important targets for both diagnostic imaging and novel therapies for atherosclerosis. In this Review, we highlight efforts in the past two decades to develop imaging techniques and to therapeutically manipulate macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques with the use of rationally designed nanoparticles. We review the latest progress in nanoparticle-based imaging modalities that can specifically target macrophages. Using novel molecular imaging technology, these modalities enable the identification of advanced atherosclerotic plaques and the assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of medical interventions. Additionally, we provide novel perspectives on how macrophage-targeting nanoparticles can deliver a broad range of therapeutic payloads to atherosclerotic lesions. These nanoparticles can suppress pro-atherogenic macrophage processes, leading to improved resolution of inflammation and stabilization of plaques. Finally, we propose future opportunities for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and provide solutions to challenges in this area for the purpose of accelerating the clinical translation of nanomedicine for the treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maaike Schilperoort
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Yihai Cao
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Kovacs L, Davis RA, Ganguly T, Chammas R, Sutcliffe JL. Repurposing an atherosclerosis targeting peptide for tumor imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112469. [PMID: 34864315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and atherosclerosis are chronic diseases that share common characteristics at both early and advanced stages and can arise from multiple factors. Both diseases are characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Herein we investigated the ability of a peptide (CTHRSSVVC), that was previously reported to bind atherosclerotic lesions to home in the tumor microenvironment. The CTHRSSVVC peptide was synthesized on solid phase and N-terminally labeled with a sulfo-Cy5 dye. The specific binding to macrophage was evaluated in vitro with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence and in vivo for tumor targeting in BALB/c mice bearing a 4T1 tumor using optical imaging. The sulfo-Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide was synthesized in greater than 99% purity. No selective binding of the sulfo-Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide to macrophages in vitro was observed, however in vivo the sulfo-Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide accumulated in the 4T1 tumor, with a tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of 7.21 ± 1.44 at 2 h post injection. Ex vivo analysis of tumor tissue by confocal microscopy suggested that the sulfo-Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide had accumulated in the stroma of the tumor specifically, in regions of spindle shaped cells. In conclusion, although the target for the sulfo-Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide remains to be identified, the Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide warrants further investigation as a tumor imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Kovacs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Ryan A Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Tanushree Ganguly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 251 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Zaman RT, Kosuge H, Gambhir SS, Xing L. Detection of Carotid Artery Stenosis with Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Neovascularization Using a Scanning Interferometer. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5714-5721. [PMID: 34156253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a major cause of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA, mini-stroke) in the United States. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA), a surgical procedure, is used to treat CAS. According to the American Heart Association, 1 out of 5 patients underwent CEA inappropriately, which was most commonly due to apparent overestimation of stenosis severity, and half had uncertain indicators. The current imaging modalities are limited in providing critical information on carotid arterial plaque content, extent, and biology. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a sensing interferometer (SI) imaging system to assess vulnerable carotid plaques noninvasively to detect stenosis, neovascularization, and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). We have custom-built a SI prototype and its peripheral systems with back-mode-projection capability. We detected stenosis, neo-vessels, and IPH through SI imaging system in in vivo mice carotid atherosclerotic plaques and further verified the same plaques ex vivo through a histology scope, CRi Maestro, and histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiyan Tripti Zaman
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hisanori Kosuge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Lei Xing
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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17
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Kaku TS, Lim S. Protein nanoparticles in molecular, cellular, and tissue imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1714. [PMID: 33821568 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The quest to develop ideal nanoparticles capable of molecular, cellular, and tissue level imaging is ongoing. Since certain imaging probes and nanoparticles face drawbacks such as low aqueous solubility, increased ROS generation leading to DNA damage, apoptosis, and high cellular/organ toxicities, the development of versatile and biocompatible nanocarriers becomes necessary. Protein nanoparticles (PNPs) are one such promising class of nanocarriers that possess most of the desirable properties of an ideal nanocarrier for bioimaging applications. PNPs demonstrate high aqueous solubility, minimal cytotoxicity, and multi-cargo loading capacity. They are also amenable to surface-functionalization, as well as modulation of their hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. The use of PNPs for bioimaging applications has made rapid advancements in the past two decades. Being comparatively less explored, the field opens up a plethora of opportunities and focus areas to engineer ideal bioimaging protein nanocarriers. The use of PNPs as carriers of their natural ligands as well as other heavy metals and fluorescent probes, along with drug molecules for combined theranostic applications has been reported. In addition, surface functionalization to impart specificity of targeting the PNPs has been shown to reduce nonspecific cellular interactions, thus reducing systemic toxicity. PNPs have been explored for their application in imaging of numerous cancers, cardiovascular diseases as well as imaging of the brain using near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), ultrasound (US), and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Sushil Kaku
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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18
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Grigonyte AM, Hapeshi A, Constantinidou C, Millard A. Modification of Bacteriophages to Increase Their Association with Lung Epithelium Cells In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:308. [PMID: 33915737 PMCID: PMC8067280 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently a renaissance in research on bacteriophages as alternatives to antibiotics. Phage specificity to their bacterial host, in addition to a plethora of other advantages, makes them ideal candidates for a broad range of applications, including bacterial detection, drug delivery, and phage therapy in particular. One issue obstructing phage efficiency in phage therapy settings is their poor localization to the site of infection in the human body. Here, we engineered phage T7 with lung tissue targeting homing peptides. We then used in vitro studies to demonstrate that the engineered T7 phages had a more significant association with the lung epithelium cells than wild-type T7. In addition, we showed that, in general, there was a trend of increased association of engineered phages with the lung epithelium cells but not mouse fibroblast cells, allowing for targeted tissue specificity. These results indicate that appending phages with homing peptides would potentially allow for greater phage concentrations and greater efficacy at the infection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelija M. Grigonyte
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB) and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Alexia Hapeshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | | | - Andrew Millard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Myeloperoxidase: A versatile mediator of endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic target during cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107711. [PMID: 33137376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a prominent mammalian heme peroxidase and a fundamental component of the innate immune response against microbial pathogens. In recent times, MPO has received considerable attention as a key oxidative enzyme capable of impairing the bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) and promoting endothelial dysfunction; a clinically relevant event that manifests throughout the development of inflammatory cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence indicates that during cardiovascular disease, MPO is released intravascularly by activated leukocytes resulting in its transport and sequestration within the vascular endothelium. At this site, MPO catalyzes various oxidative reactions that are capable of promoting vascular inflammation and impairing NO bioactivity and endothelial function. In particular, MPO catalyzes the production of the potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the catalytic consumption of NO via the enzyme's NO oxidase activity. An emerging paradigm is the ability of MPO to also influence endothelial function via non-catalytic, cytokine-like activities. In this review article we discuss the implications of our increasing knowledge of the versatility of MPO's actions as a mediator of cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction for the development of new pharmacological agents capable of effectively combating MPO's pathogenic activities. More specifically, we will (i) discuss the various transport mechanisms by which MPO accumulates into the endothelium of inflamed or diseased arteries, (ii) detail the clinical and basic scientific evidence identifying MPO as a significant cause of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, (iii) provide an up-to-date coverage on the different oxidative mechanisms by which MPO can impair endothelial function during cardiovascular disease including an evaluation of the contributions of MPO-catalyzed HOCl production and NO oxidation, and (iv) outline the novel non-enzymatic mechanisms of MPO and their potential contribution to endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we deliver a detailed appraisal of the different pharmacological strategies available for targeting the catalytic and non-catalytic modes-of-action of MPO in order to protect against endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease.
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20
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Zaman RT, Vernekhol D, Xing L. Distinctive Energy Profile of Water-Soluble, Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoparticles as Potential Molecular Marker for Vulnerable Plaque Detection with XFCT Imaging. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND RADIATION THERAPY 2020; 8:1087. [PMID: 35822084 PMCID: PMC9272981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE X-ray CT plays a pivotal role in diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy, and its indispensable contribution to preclinical small animal imaging research. This study characterizes a distinctive energy spectrum of a novel 3-mercaptobenzoic-acid (3MBA)-protected-144-atoms gold-nanoparticles (3MBA-Au-144-NPs) after X-ray excitation and detects vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques non-invasively using this novel contrast agent in mice carotid arteries for the first time to the best of our knowledge. METHODS We designed a four-chamber heart apex model using a 3D-printer and filled with four different concentrations of 3MBA-Au-144-NPs. The X-ray system was equipped with a pencil beam collimator, which was calibrated using a 1×1 in2 large radiochromic film. The tube was operated at 320 kVp with 12.5 mA current and multiple filtration options were available for the X-ray excitation source. The resulting pencil beam had a 3.2 mm diameter. The four-chamber apex was translated and rotated relative to the stationary pencil beam. Each sample chamber was irradiated for 2-minutes and emitted fluorescent X-rays from the excited 3MBA-Au-144-NPs were collected with CdTe and Silicon Drift (SD) detectors for 15 seconds. The spectra were used for L-shell XRF peak isolation and sonogram generation of this novel 3MBA-Au-144-NPs. The distribution and concentration of 3MBA-Au-144-NPs were reconstructed with an alternative maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm. For in vivo detection of unstable plaques, we developed atherosclerotic mice model after feeding them 1% high cholesterol diet (HCD) for four weeks before diabetic was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to accelerate the plaque progression. Two weeks after the diabetic induction, surgically left carotid artery was ligated. Two weeks after the surgical ligation, a 250 μL of 3MBA-Au-144-NPs was IV injected after 6 hours of fasting. One hour after injection, the mice were imaged non-invasively with a cone-beam micro-CT system. RESULTS Two distinctive L-shell energy peaks were observed at 10 KeV and 11.13 KeV for 3MBA-Au-144-NPs in the energy spectrum of the SD detector. K-shell fluorescence events vanished in the Compton scatter and characteristic background of the tungsten source due to the lead shielding for the SD and CdTe detectors. There is a space missing at 12.5 KeV. The signal intensity varied with different 3MBA-Au-144-NPs concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 100%. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) intensity showed a highly linear response (R2=0.999) with respect to different concentrations of 3MBA-Au-144-NPs. High XRF signal was detected in the left carotid artery at 2 mm below the ligation and in aortic arch. Non-ligated right carotid artery (negative control) showed no such signal. CONCLUSION These distinct energy spectra in the L-shell fluorescent energies render 3MBA-Au-144-NPs as a viable contrast agent for future in vivo XFCT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don Vernekhol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
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21
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Zhang X, Huang Y, Song H, Canup BSB, Gou S, She Z, Dai F, Ke B, Xiao B. Inhibition of growth and lung metastasis of breast cancer by tumor-homing triple-bioresponsive nanotherapeutics. J Control Release 2020; 328:454-469. [PMID: 32890553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung metastasis of breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Herein, we attempted to simultaneously inhibit the growth and lung metastasis of breast cancer by delivering quercetin (QU) using LyP-1-functionalized regenerated silk fibroin-based nanoparticles (NPs). The generated LyP-1-QU-NPs had a desirable diameter (203.2 nm) and a negatively charged surface (-12.7 mV). Interestingly, these NPs exhibited intrinsic responsibilities when triggered by various stimulating factors in the tumor microenvironment (acidic pH, reactive oxygen species, and glutathione). In vitro experiments revealed that the introduction of LyP-1 to the NP surface could significantly increase their cellular uptake efficiencies by 4 T1 cells, and facilitate their accumulation in mitochondria. Moreover, LyP-1-QU-NPs showed the strongest mitochondrial damage effect among all the treatment groups. We also found that LyP-1-QU-NPs not only exhibited excellent pro-apoptotic activities but also presented strong inhibitory effects on cell mobility (migration and invasion) through anti-glycolysis and pro-autophagy. Mice experiments confirmed that LyP-1-QU-NPs could efficiently inhibit the in situ growth of breast tumors and further restrict their lung metastasis. Collectively, our results demonstrate that LyP-1-QU-NPs, which integrates the functions of tumor cell targeting, mitochondria targeting, bioresponsive drug release, pro-apoptosis, and anti-mobility, can be developed as a promising nanotherapeutic for the effective treatment of breast cancer and its lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yamei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Heliang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Brandon S B Canup
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shuangquan Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zhigang She
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Bowen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004, PR China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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22
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Benne N, Martins Cardoso R, Boyle AL, Kros A, Jiskoot W, Kuiper J, Bouwstra J, Van Eck M, Slütter B. Complement Receptor Targeted Liposomes Encapsulating the Liver X Receptor Agonist GW3965 Accumulate in and Stabilize Atherosclerotic Plaques. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000043. [PMID: 32329226 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the retention of lipids in foam cells in the arterial intima. The liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 is a promising therapeutic compound, since it induces reverse cholesterol transport in foam cells. However, hepatic LXR activation increases plasma and liver lipid levels, inhibiting its clinical development. Herein, a formulation that specifically enhances GW3965 deposition in the atherosclerotic lesion is aimed to be developed. GW3965 is encapsulated in liposomes functionalized with the cyclic peptide Lyp-1 (CGNKRTRGC), which binds the p32 receptor expressed on foam cells. These liposomes show preferential uptake by foam cells in vitro and higher accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques in mice compared to non-targeted liposomes as determined by in vivo imaging. Flow cytometry analysis of plaques reveals increased retention of Lyp-1 liposomes in atherosclerotic plaque macrophages compared to controls (p < 0.05). Long term treatment of established plaques in LDLR -/- mice with GW3965-containing Lyp-1 liposomes significantly reduces plaque macrophage content by 50% (p < 0.01). Importantly, GW3965-containing Lyp-1 liposomes do not increase plasma or hepatic lipid content. Thus, GW3965-containing Lyp-1 liposomes successfully target the atherosclerotic macrophages allowing plaque stabilization without commonly observed side effects of LXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Benne
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Martins Cardoso
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Aimee L Boyle
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Bouwstra
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
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23
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Bhatt H, Ghosh B, Biswas S. Cell-Penetrating Peptide and α-Tocopherol-Conjugated Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers for Improved Delivery and Anticancer Activity of Loaded Paclitaxel. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3157-3169. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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Berckman EA, Hartzell EJ, Mitkas AA, Sun Q, Chen W. Biological Assembly of Modular Protein Building Blocks as Sensing, Delivery, and Therapeutic Agents. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2020; 11:35-62. [PMID: 32155350 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nature has evolved a wide range of strategies to create self-assembled protein nanostructures with structurally defined architectures that serve a myriad of highly specialized biological functions. With the advent of biological tools for site-specific protein modifications and de novo protein design, a wide range of customized protein nanocarriers have been created using both natural and synthetic biological building blocks to mimic these native designs for targeted biomedical applications. In this review, different design frameworks and synthetic decoration strategies for achieving these functional protein nanostructures are summarized. Key attributes of these designer protein nanostructures, their unique functions, and their impact on biosensing and therapeutic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Berckman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA; .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Emily J Hartzell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
| | - Alexander A Mitkas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
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25
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Gaspar N, Zambito G, Löwik CMWG, Mezzanotte L. Active Nano-targeting of Macrophages. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1951-1961. [PMID: 31291874 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190710114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a role in almost every disease such as cancer, infections, injuries, metabolic and inflammatory diseases and are becoming an attractive therapeutic target. However, understanding macrophage diversity, tissue distribution and plasticity will help in defining precise targeting strategies and effective therapies. Active targeting of macrophages using nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes is still at its infancy but holds promises since macrophages have shown high specific uptake of nanoparticles. Here, we highlight recent progress in active nanotechnology-based systems gaining pivotal roles to target diverse macrophage subsets in diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Gaspar
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Percuros B.V., Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Zambito
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Medres-Medical Research gmbh, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clemens M W G Löwik
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), UNIL, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Kim B, Park JH, Sailor MJ. Rekindling RNAi Therapy: Materials Design Requirements for In Vivo siRNA Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903637. [PMID: 31566258 PMCID: PMC6891135 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With the recent FDA approval of the first siRNA-derived therapeutic, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene therapy is undergoing a transition from research to the clinical space. The primary obstacle to realization of RNAi therapy has been the delivery of oligonucleotide payloads. Therefore, the main aims is to identify and describe key design features needed for nanoscale vehicles to achieve effective delivery of siRNA-mediated gene silencing agents in vivo. The problem is broken into three elements: 1) protection of siRNA from degradation and clearance; 2) selective homing to target cell types; and 3) cytoplasmic release of the siRNA payload by escaping or bypassing endocytic uptake. The in vitro and in vivo gene silencing efficiency values that have been reported in publications over the past decade are quantitatively summarized by material type (lipid, polymer, metal, mesoporous silica, and porous silicon), and the overall trends in research publication and in clinical translation are discussed to reflect on the direction of the RNAi therapeutics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungji Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J Sailor
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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27
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Raju GSR, Dariya B, Mungamuri SK, Chalikonda G, Kang SM, Khan IN, Sushma PS, Nagaraju GP, Pavitra E, Han YK. Nanomaterials multifunctional behavior for enlightened cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:178-189. [PMID: 31419527 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an outrageous disease with uncontrolled differentiation, growth, and migration to the other parts of the body. It is the second-most common cause of death both in the U.S. and worldwide. Current conventional therapies, though much improved and with better prognosis, have several limitations. Chemotherapeutic agents, for instance, are cytotoxic to both tumor and healthy cells, and the non-specific distribution of drugs at tumor sites limits the dose administered. Nanotechnology, which evolved from the coalescence and union of varied scientific disciplines, is a novel science that has been the focus of much research. This technology is generating more effective cancer therapies to overcome biomedical and biophysical barriers against standard interventions in the body; its unique magnetic, electrical, and structural properties make it a promising tool. This article reviews endogenous- and exogenous-based stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems designed to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. The article also summarizes the study of nanomaterials, including polymeric, gold, silver, magnetic, and quantum dot nanoparticles. Though an array of drug delivery systems has so far been proposed, there remain many challenges and concerns that should be addressed in order to fill the gaps in the field. Prominence is given to drug delivery systems that employ external- and internal-based stimuli and that are emerging as promising tools for cancer therapeutics in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Begum Dariya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Mungamuri
- Ramanujan Fellow, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrtion, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Gayathri Chalikonda
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Neurooncology & Oncomedicine Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan
| | - Pinninti Santosh Sushma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520 008, India
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eluri Pavitra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Kim B, Sun S, Varner JA, Howell SB, Ruoslahti E, Sailor MJ. Securing the Payload, Finding the Cell, and Avoiding the Endosome: Peptide-Targeted, Fusogenic Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Delivery of siRNA. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902952. [PMID: 31267590 PMCID: PMC6710136 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promise of ribonucleic acid interference therapeutics, the delivery of oligonucleotides selectively to diseased tissues in the body, and specifically to the cellular location in the tissues needed to provide optimal therapeutic outcome, remains a significant challenge. Here, key material properties and biological mechanisms for delivery of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to effectively silence target-specific cells in vivo are identified. Using porous silicon nanoparticles as the siRNA host, tumor-targeting peptides for selective tissue homing, and fusogenic lipid coatings to induce fusion with the plasma membrane, it is shown that the uptake mechanism can be engineered to be independent of common receptor-mediated endocytosis pathways. Two examples of the potential broad clinical applicability of this concept in a mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis are provided: silencing the Rev3l subunit of polymerase Pol ζ to impair DNA repair in combination with cisplatin; and reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages into a proinflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungji Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Judith A Varner
- Moores Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stephen B Howell
- Moores Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael J Sailor
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Abstract
The identification of markers expressed by pathological cells or their microenvironment would help to distinguish such cells from the normal tissues. The strategies derived from this theory can be a promising modality for imaging and treating diseases. LyP-1, a tumor homing peptide, can selectively bind to its receptor p32 protein overexpressed in various tumor-associated cells and atherosclerotic plaque macrophages. During recent decades, multiple types of LyP-1-based imaging probes and drug delivery systems have been designed and developed for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review first introduces LyP-1 and its receptor p32, as well as its homing, internalization and proapoptotic properties. Next, we highlight recent studies focusing on the applications of LyP-1-based strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, metastatic lesions, and atherosclerotic plaques. Finally, several limitations in the clinical translation of LyP-1-based bioconjugates are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhou Zhao
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- b School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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30
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Jiang Z, Guan J, Qian J, Zhan C. Peptide ligand-mediated targeted drug delivery of nanomedicines. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:461-471. [PMID: 30656305 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01340c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery is emerging as a promising strategy to achieve better clinical outcomes. Actively targeted drug delivery that utilizes overexpressed receptors or antigens on diseased tissues is receiving increasing scrutiny, especially due to the uncertainty of existence of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in cancer patients. Peptide ligands are advantageous over other classes of targeting ligands due to their accessibility of high-throughput screening, ease of synthesis, high specificity and affinity, etc. In this review, we briefly summarize the resources of peptide ligands and discuss the pitfalls and perspectives of peptide ligand-mediated targeted delivery of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.
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31
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Cannon KA, Ochoa JM, Yeates TO. High-symmetry protein assemblies: patterns and emerging applications. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 55:77-84. [PMID: 31005680 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The accelerated elucidation of three-dimensional structures of protein complexes, both natural and designed, is providing new examples of large supramolecular assemblies with intriguing shapes. Those with high symmetry - based on the geometries of the Platonic solids - are particularly notable as their innately closed forms create interior spaces with varying degrees of enclosure. We survey known protein assemblies of this type and discuss their geometric features. The results bear on issues of protein function and evolution, while also guiding novel bioengineering applications. Recent successes using high-symmetry protein assemblies for applications in interior encapsulation and exterior display are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Cannon
- UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, United States; UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, United States
| | - Jessica M Ochoa
- UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, United States; UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, United States
| | - Todd O Yeates
- UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, United States; UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, United States; UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, United States.
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32
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Timur SS, Yöyen-Ermiş D, Esendağlı G, Yonat S, Horzum U, Esendağlı G, Gürsoy RN. Efficacy of a novel LyP-1-containing self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for active targeting to breast cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:138-146. [PMID: 30660694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An ideal cancer therapy targets the tumor cells selectively without damaging healthy tissues. Even though the tumor-specific markers are limited, these molecules can be used for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs as an active targeting strategy. Since the lymphatic system plays a critical role in the dissemination of cancer cells, the drugs directed through lymphatics can feasibly reach to the sites of metastasis. LyP-1 is a peptide that binds to the p32 receptor which is highly expressed not only on the lymphatic endothelium but also on the malignant cells; thus, making this peptide ligand a preferable candidate to mediate active targeting of lymphatics and cancer cells. In this study, different formulations of LyP-1 containing lipid-based nanopharmaceutics so-called self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) were developed and tested for their efficacy in targeting breast cancer. Following the selection of non-toxic formulation, doxorubicin hydrochloride and LyP-1 were co-administered in the SMEDDS, which resulted in a significant increase in in vitro cytotoxicity in p32-expressing breast cancer cells, 4T1 and MDA-MB-231. Accordingly, the uptake of LyP-1 in the SMEDDS by the cancer cells was demonstrated. The expression of p32 was detected in the 4T1 tumor tissues which were efficiently targeted with LyP-1 in the SMEDDS. When doxorubicin was co-administrated with LyP-1 in SMEDDS via intraperitonial administration, tumor growth and metastasis were significantly reduced. In conclusion, a novel and efficacious SMEDDS formulation containing LyP-1 with a droplet size less than 100 nm was developed for the lymphatic targeting of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin S Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Diğdem Yöyen-Ermiş
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güldal Esendağlı
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcen Yonat
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utku Horzum
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güneş Esendağlı
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Neslihan Gürsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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33
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Zhu S, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Harnessing Tumor Microenvironment for Nanoparticle-Mediated Radiotherapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
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34
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Zaman RT, Yousefi S, Long SR, Saito T, Mandella M, Qiu Z, Chen R, Contag CH, Gambhir SS, Chin FT, Khuri-Yakub BT, McConnell MV, Shung KK, Xing L. A Dual-Modality Hybrid Imaging System Harnesses Radioluminescence and Sound to Reveal Molecular Pathology of Atherosclerotic Plaques. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8992. [PMID: 29895966 PMCID: PMC5997702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory condition caused by an unstable lesion, called thin-cap fibro atheromata (TCFA) that underlies coronary artery disease (CAD)-one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore, early clinical diagnosis and effective risk stratification is important for CAD management as well as preventing progression to catastrophic events. However, early detection could be difficult due to their small size, motion, obscuring 18F-FDG uptake by adjacent myocardium, and complex morphological/biological features. To overcome these limitations, we developed a catheter-based Circumferential-Intravascular-Radioluminescence-Photoacoustic-Imaging (CIRPI) system that can detect vulnerable plaques in coronary arteries and characterizes them with respect to pathology and biology. Our CIRPI system combined two imaging modalities: Circumferential Radioluminescence Imaging (CRI) and PhotoAcoustic Tomography (PAT) within a novel optical probe. The probe's CaF2:Eu based scintillating imaging window provides a 360° view of human (n = 7) and murine carotid (n = 10) arterial plaques by converting β-particles into visible photons during 18F-FDG decay. A 60× and 63× higher radioluminescent signals were detected from the human and murine plaque inflammations, respectively, compared to the control. The system's photoacoustic imaging provided a comprehensive analysis of the plaque compositions and its morphologic information. These results were further verified with IVIS-200, immunohistochemical analysis, and autoradiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiyan T Zaman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Harvard medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13th Street, Room 5406 Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, USA.
| | - Siavash Yousefi
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Steven R Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Toshinobu Saito
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Michael Mandella
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
- Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Stanford, USA
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, USA
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Michael V McConnell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - K Kirk Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Stanford, USA
| | - Lei Xing
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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35
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Abstract
Within the materials science community, proteins with cage-like architectures are being developed as versatile nanoscale platforms for use in protein nanotechnology. Much effort has been focused on the functionalization of protein cages with biological and non-biological moieties to bring about new properties of not only individual protein cages, but collective bulk-scale assemblies of protein cages. In this review, we report on the current understanding of protein cage assembly, both of the cages themselves from individual subunits, and the assembly of the individual protein cages into higher order structures. We start by discussing the key properties of natural protein cages (for example: size, shape and structure) followed by a review of some of the mechanisms of protein cage assembly and the factors that influence it. We then explore the current approaches for functionalizing protein cages, on the interior or exterior surfaces of the capsids. Lastly, we explore the emerging area of higher order assemblies created from individual protein cages and their potential for new and exciting collective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Aumiller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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36
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The Multifaceted Uses and Therapeutic Advantages of Nanoparticles for Atherosclerosis Research. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050754. [PMID: 29738480 PMCID: PMC5978131 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are uniquely suited for the study and development of potential therapies against atherosclerosis by virtue of their size, fine-tunable properties, and ability to incorporate therapies and/or imaging modalities. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be specifically targeted to the atherosclerotic plaque, evading off-target effects and/or associated cytotoxicity. There has been a wealth of knowledge available concerning the use of nanotechnologies in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, in particular in animal models, but with a major focus on imaging agents. In fact, roughly 60% of articles from an initial search for this review included examples of imaging applications of nanoparticles. Thus, this review focuses on experimental therapy interventions applied to and observed in animal models. Particular emphasis is placed on how nanoparticle materials and properties allow researchers to learn a great deal about atherosclerosis. The objective of this review was to provide an update for nanoparticle use in imaging and drug delivery studies and to illustrate how nanoparticles can be used for sensing and modelling, for studying fundamental biological mechanisms, and for the delivery of biotherapeutics such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and even cells all with the goal of attenuating atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the various atherosclerosis processes targeted mainly for imaging studies have been summarized in the hopes of inspiring new and exciting targeted therapeutic and/or imaging strategies.
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37
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Guan X, Chang Y, Sun J, Song J, Xie Y. Engineered Hsp Protein Nanocages for siRNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800013. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Guan
- Life Science Research Center; Beihua University; Jilin 132013 P. R. China
| | - Yu Chang
- Life Science Research Center; Beihua University; Jilin 132013 P. R. China
- College of Medicine; Beihua University; Jilin 132013 P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Medicine; Beihua University; Jilin 132013 P. R. China
| | - Jianxi Song
- College of Medicine; Beihua University; Jilin 132013 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- Life Science Research Center; Beihua University; Jilin 132013 P. R. China
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38
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Wang Z, Dai Y, Wang Z, Jacobson O, Zhang F, Yung BC, Zhang P, Gao H, Niu G, Liu G, Chen X. Metal ion assisted interface re-engineering of a ferritin nanocage for enhanced biofunctions and cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1135-1144. [PMID: 29271453 PMCID: PMC5812362 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08188j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up self-assembly of protein subunits into supramolecular nanoarchitectures is ubiquitously exploited to recapitulate and expand the features of natural proteins to advance nanoscience in medicine. Various chemical and biological re-engineering approaches are available to render diverse functions in the given proteins. They are, unfortunately, capable of compromising protein integrity and stability after extensive modifications. In this study, we introduce a new protein re-engineering method, metal ion assisted interface re-engineering (MAIR), to serve as a robust and universal strategy to extend the functions of self-assembly proteins by boosting structural features to advance their diverse biomedical applications. In particular, the MAIR strategy was applied to a widely used natural protein, ferritin, as a model protein to coordinate with copper ions in its mutagenic artificial metal binding domain. Structure directed rational protein mutagenesis was carried out at the C2 interface amino acid residues of the ferritin subunit for metal ion coordination site optimization. Copper binding at the artificial binding pocket was highly specific over the other divalent ions present in physiological fluids, and the structurally embedded copper ion in turn strengthened the overall protein integrity and stability. In the presence of isotopic copper-64, the interface re-engineered ferritin worked as a chelator-free molecular nanoprobe with an extraordinarily high specific activity to allow PET imaging of tumors in live animals. We also found that the re-engineered ferritin coordinating with copper ions demonstrates high drug loading capacity of a widely used anti-cancer agent, doxorubicin (DOX), to achieve significant drug retention at the tumor site and enhance tumor regression for improved anti-cancer effects. The MAIR approach, thus, exploited the copper ion to facilitate efficient one-step labeling of mutant ferritin derivatives for simultaneous molecular imaging and drug delivery. The reported interface re-engineering strategy provides an unparalleled opportunity to expand protein biofunctions to serve as a new theranostic agent in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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39
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Precision Targeting of Tumor Macrophages with a CD206 Binding Peptide. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14655. [PMID: 29116108 PMCID: PMC5676682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) expressing the multi-ligand endocytic receptor mannose receptor (CD206/MRC1) contribute to tumor immunosuppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and relapse. Here, we describe a peptide that selectively targets MRC1-expressing TAMs (MEMs). We performed in vivo peptide phage display screens in mice bearing 4T1 metastatic breast tumors to identify peptides that target peritoneal macrophages. Deep sequencing of the peptide-encoding inserts in the selected phage pool revealed enrichment of the peptide CSPGAKVRC (codenamed “UNO”). Intravenously injected FAM-labeled UNO (FAM-UNO) homed to tumor and sentinel lymph node MEMs in different cancer models: 4T1 and MCF-7 breast carcinoma, B16F10 melanoma, WT-GBM glioma and MKN45-P gastric carcinoma. Fluorescence anisotropy assay showed that FAM-UNO interacts with recombinant CD206 when subjected to reducing conditions. Interestingly, the GSPGAK motif is present in all CD206-binding collagens. FAM-UNO was able to transport drug-loaded nanoparticles into MEMs, whereas particles without the peptide were not taken up by MEMs. In ex vivo organ imaging, FAM-UNO showed significantly higher accumulation in sentinel lymph nodes than a control peptide. This study suggests applications for UNO peptide in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic targeting of MEMs in solid tumors.
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40
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O'Mary HL, Aldayel AM, Valdes SA, Naguib YW, Li X, Salvady K, Cui Z. Acid-Sensitive Sheddable PEGylated, Mannose-Modified Nanoparticles Increase the Delivery of Betamethasone to Chronic Inflammation Sites in a Mouse Model. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1929-1937. [PMID: 28463518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is implicated in a host of chronic illnesses. Within these inflamed tissues, the pH of the microenvironment is decreased and immune cells, particularly macrophages, infiltrate the area. Additionally, the vascular integrity of these sites is altered with increased fenestrations between endothelial cells. These distinctive properties may be exploited to enhance targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory therapies. Using a mouse model of chronic inflammation, we previously showed that acid-sensitive sheddable PEGylation increases the distribution and retention of nanoparticles in chronic inflammation sites. Here we demonstrated that surface modification of the acid-sensitive sheddable PEGylated nanoparticles with mannose, a ligand to mannose receptors present in chronic inflammation sites, significantly increases the targeted delivery of the nanoparticles to these areas. Furthermore, we showed that the acid-sensitive sheddable PEGylated, mannose-modified nanoparticles are able to significantly increase the delivery of betamethasone-21-acetate (BA), a model anti-inflammatory compound, to chronic inflammation sites as compared to free BA. These results highlight the ability to engineer formulations to target chronic inflammation sites by exploiting the microenvironment of these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L O'Mary
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Abdulaziz M Aldayel
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Solange A Valdes
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xu Li
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Karun Salvady
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University , Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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41
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Timur SS, Yalçın G, Çevik Ö, Andaç C, Gürsoy RN. Molecular dynamics, thermodynamic, and mutational binding studies for tumor-specific LyP-1 in complex with p32. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1134-1144. [PMID: 28427307 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1313779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in tumor homing peptides have shown the specificity of LyP-1 (CGNKRTRGC) to tumor lymphatics. In this present work, we evaluated the possible interactions between cyclic LyP-1 and its receptor, p32, with molecular dynamics and docking studies in order to lead the design of novel LyP-1 derivatives, which could bind to p32 more effectively and perform enhanced antitumor effect. The total binding enthalpy energies have been obtained by MM-PBSA thermodynamic computations and the favorability of p32.LyP-1 complex in water has been shown by explicit water MD computations. The last 30 ns of molecular dynamics trajectory have shown the strong interaction of LyP-1 with the inner surface chains of p32, especially with chains B and C. ALA-SCAN mutagenesis studies have indicated the considerable influence of Asn3, Lys4, Arg5, and Arg7 amino acid residues on the specific binding of LyP-1. Within the knowledge of the critical role of p32 receptor in cancer cell metabolism, this study can lead to further developments in anticancer therapy by targeting p32 with LyP-1 derivatives as active targeting moiety. This data can also be applied for the development of new drug delivery systems in which LyP-1 can be used for its targeting and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Seda Timur
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gözde Yalçın
- b Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Mevlana University , Konya , Turkey.,c Institute of Biotechnology , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.,d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Gülhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Cenk Andaç
- b Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Mevlana University , Konya , Turkey
| | - R Neslihan Gürsoy
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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42
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Qin H, Ding Y, Mujeeb A, Zhao Y, Nie G. Tumor Microenvironment Targeting and Responsive Peptide-Based Nanoformulations for Improved Tumor Therapy. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:219-231. [PMID: 28420679 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment participates in all stages of tumor progression and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Rapid progress in the field of molecular self-assembly using various biologic molecules has resulted in the fabrication of nanoformulations that specifically target and regulate microenvironment components to inhibit tumor growth. This inhibition process is based on differentiating between biophysicochemical cues guiding tumor and normal tissue microenvironments. Peptides and peptide derivatives, owing to their biocompatibility, chemical versatility, bioactivity, environmental sensitivity, and biologic recognition abilities, have been widely used as building blocks to construct multifunctional nanostructures for targeted drug delivery and controlled release. Several groups of peptides have been identified as having the ability to penetrate plasma membranes, regulate the essential signaling pathways of angiogenesis and immune reactions, and recognize key components in the tumor microenvironment (such as vascular systems, stromal cells, and abnormal tumor biophysicochemical features). Thus, using different modules, various functional peptides, and their derivatives can be integrated into nanoformulations specifically targeting the tumor microenvironment with increased selectivity, on-demand response, elevated cellular uptake, and improved tumor therapy. In this review, we introduce several groups of functional peptides and highlight peptide-based nanoformulations that specifically target the tumor microenvironment. We also provide our perspective on the development of smart drug-delivery systems with enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (H.Q., Y D., A.M., Y. Z., G.N.), and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Q., Y.D., Y.Z., G.N.), Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (H.Q., Y D., A.M., Y. Z., G.N.), and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Q., Y.D., Y.Z., G.N.), Beijing, China
| | - Ayeesha Mujeeb
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (H.Q., Y D., A.M., Y. Z., G.N.), and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Q., Y.D., Y.Z., G.N.), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (H.Q., Y D., A.M., Y. Z., G.N.), and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Q., Y.D., Y.Z., G.N.), Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (H.Q., Y D., A.M., Y. Z., G.N.), and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Q., Y.D., Y.Z., G.N.), Beijing, China
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Ruoslahti E. Tumor penetrating peptides for improved drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:3-12. [PMID: 27040947 PMCID: PMC5045823 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In vivo screening of phage libraries in tumor-bearing mice has been used to identify peptides that direct phage homing to a tumor. The power of in vivo phage screening is illustrated by the recent discovery of peptides with unique tumor-penetrating properties. These peptides activate an endocytic transport pathway related to but distinct from macropinocytosis. They do so through a complex process that involves binding to a primary, tumor-specific receptor, followed by a proteolytic cleavage, and binding to a second receptor. The second receptor, neuropilin-1 (or neuropilin-2) activates the transport pathway. This trans-tissue pathway, dubbed the C-end Rule (CendR) pathway, mediates the extravasation transport through extravascular tumor tissue of payloads ranging from small molecule drugs to nanoparticles. The CendR technology provides a solution to a major problem in tumor therapy, poor penetration of drugs into tumors. Targeted delivery with tumor-penetrating peptides has been shown to specifically increase the accumulation of drugs, antibodies and nanotherapeutics in experimental tumors in vivo, and in human tumors ex vivo. Remarkably the payload does not have to be coupled to the peptide; the peptide activates a bulk transport system that sweeps along a drug present in the blood. Treatment studies in mice have shown improved anti-tumor efficacy and less damage to normal tissues with drugs ranging from traditional chemotherapeutics to antibodies, and to nanoparticle drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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44
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Design and In Vitro Evaluation of Bispecific Complexes and Drug Conjugates of Anticancer Peptide, LyP-1 in Human Breast Cancer. Pharm Res 2016; 34:352-364. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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45
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Bioengineered protein-based nanocage for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:157-171. [PMID: 26994591 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nature, in its wonders, presents and assembles the most intricate and delicate protein structures and this remarkable phenomenon occurs in all kingdom and phyla of life. Of these proteins, cage-like multimeric proteins provide spatial control to biological processes and also compartmentalizes compounds that may be toxic or unstable and avoids their contact with the environment. Protein-based nanocages are of particular interest because of their potential applicability as drug delivery carriers and their perfect and complex symmetry and ideal physical properties, which have stimulated researchers to engineer, modify or mimic these qualities. This article reviews various existing types of protein-based nanocages that are used for therapeutic purposes, and outlines their drug-loading mechanisms and bioengineering strategies via genetic and chemical functionalization. Through a critical evaluation of recent advances in protein nanocage-based drug delivery in vitro and in vivo, an outlook for de novo and in silico nanocage design, and also protein-based nanocage preclinical and future clinical applications will be presented.
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46
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Sun X, Li W, Zhang X, Qi M, Zhang Z, Zhang XE, Cui Z. In Vivo Targeting and Imaging of Atherosclerosis Using Multifunctional Virus-Like Particles of Simian Virus 40. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6164-6171. [PMID: 27622963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death globally. Targeted imaging and therapeutics are desirable for the detection and treatment of the disease. In this study, we developed trifunctional Simian virus 40 (SV40)-based nanoparticles for in vivo targeting and imaging of atherosclerotic plaques. These novel trifunctional SV40-based nanoparticles encapsulate near-infrared quantum dots and bear a targeting element and a drug component. Using trifunctional SV40-based nanoparticles, we were able to noninvasively fluorescently image atherosclerotic plaques in live intact ApoE(-/-) mice. Near-infrared quantum dots encapsulated in the SV40 virus-like particles showed prominent optical properties for in vivo imaging. When different targeting peptides for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, macrophages, and fibrin were used, early, developmental, and late stages of atherosclerosis could be targeted and imaged in live intact ApoE(-/-) mice, respectively. Targeted SV40 virus-like particles also delivered an increased concentration of the anticoagulant drug Hirulog to atherosclerosis plaques. Our study provides novel SV40-based nanoparticles with multivalency and multifunctionality suitable for in vivo imaging, molecular targeting, and drug delivery in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
- College of Life Science, Jiang Han University , Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
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47
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Lo JH, Kwon EJ, Zhang AQ, Singhal P, Bhatia SN. Comparison of Modular PEG Incorporation Strategies for Stabilization of Peptide-siRNA Nanocomplexes. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2323-2331. [PMID: 27583545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate systems have shown great promise in overcoming the considerable trafficking barriers associated with systemic nucleic acid delivery, which must be addressed to unlock the full potential of technologies such as RNAi and gene editing in vivo. In addition to mediating the cytoplasmic delivery of nucleic cargo and shielding it from nuclease degradation and immunostimulation, nucleic-acid-containing nanomaterials delivered intravenously must also be stable in the bloodstream after administration to avoid toxicity and off-target delivery. To this end, the hydrophilic molecule polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been deployed in many different nanoparticle systems to prevent aggregation and recognition by the reticuloendothelial system. However, the optimal strategy for incorporating PEG into self-assembled nucleic acid delivery systems to obtain nanoparticle stability while retaining important functions such as receptor targeting and cargo activity remains unclear. In this work, we develop substantially improved formulations of tumor-penetrating nanocomplexes (TPNs), targeted self-assembled nanoparticles formulated with peptide carriers and siRNA that have been shown to mitigate tumor burden in an orthotopic model of ovarian cancer. We specifically sought to tailor TPNs for intravenous delivery by systematically comparing formulations with three different classes of modular PEG incorporation (namely PEG graft polymers, PEG lipids, and PEGylated peptide), each synthesized using straightforward bioconjugation techniques. We found that the addition of PEG lipids or PEGylated peptide carriers led to the formation of small and stable nanoparticles, but only nanoparticles formulated with PEGylated peptide carriers retained substantial activity in a gene silencing assay. In vivo, this formulation significantly decreased accumulation in off-target organs and improved initial availability in circulation compared to results from the original non-PEGylated particles. Thus, from among a set of candidate strategies, we identified TPNs with admixed PEGylated peptide carriers as the optimal formulation for systemic administration of siRNA on the basis of their performance in a battery of physicochemical and biological assays. Moreover, this optimized formulation confers pharmacologic advantages that may enable further translational development of tumor-penetrating nanocomplexes, highlighting the preclinical value of comparing formulation strategies and the relevance of this systematic approach for the development of other self-assembled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin H Lo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT , 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ester J Kwon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT , 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Angela Q Zhang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT , 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Preeti Singhal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT , 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT , 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute , 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
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48
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Plaque-penetrating peptide inhibits development of hypoxic atherosclerotic plaque. J Control Release 2016; 238:212-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Zhang Y, Ardejani MS, Orner BP. Design and Applications of Protein-Cage-Based Nanomaterials. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2814-2828. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals; College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 P.R. China
| | - Maziar S. Ardejani
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 United States
| | - Brendan P. Orner
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; London SE1 1DB United Kingdom
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50
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Choi B, Moon H, Hong SJ, Shin C, Do Y, Ryu S, Kang S. Effective Delivery of Antigen-Encapsulin Nanoparticle Fusions to Dendritic Cells Leads to Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Activation and Tumor Rejection. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7339-50. [PMID: 27390910 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b08084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In cancer immunotherapy, robust and efficient activation of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell immune responses is a promising, but challenging task. Dendritic cells (DCs) are well-known professional antigen presenting cells that initiate and regulate antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells that kill their target cells directly as well as secrete IFN-γ, a cytokine critical in tumor rejection. Here, we employed recently established protein cage nanoparticles, encapsulin (Encap), as antigenic peptide nanocarriers by genetically incorporating the OT-1 peptide of ovalbumin (OVA) protein to the three different positions of the Encap subunit. With them, we evaluated their efficacy in activating DC-mediated antigen-specific T cell cytotoxicity and consequent melanoma tumor rejection in vivo. DCs efficiently engulfed Encap and its variants (OT-1-Encaps), which carry antigenic peptides at different positions, and properly processed them within phagosomes. Delivered OT-1 peptides were effectively presented by DCs to naïve CD8(+) T cells successfully, resulting in the proliferation of antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. OT-1-Encap vaccinations in B16-OVA melanoma tumor bearing mice effectively activated OT-1 peptide specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells before or even after tumor generation, resulting in significant suppression of tumor growth in prophylactic as well as therapeutic treatments. A large number of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells that actively produce both intracellular and secretory IFN-γ were observed in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes collected from B16-OVA tumor masses originally vaccinated with OT-1-Encap-C upon tumor challenges. The approaches we describe herein may provide opportunities to develop epitope-dependent vaccination systems that stimulate and/or modulate efficient and epitope-specific cytotoxic T cell immune responses in nonpathogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongseo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Hyojin Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Changsik Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Do
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, 336-745, Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
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