1
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Zhang X, Lei X, Jia X, Sun T, Luo J, Xu S, Li L, Yan D, Shao Y, Yong Z, Zhang Y, Wu X, Gao E, Jian M, Zhang J. Carbon nanotube fibers with dynamic strength up to 14 GPa. Science 2024; 384:1318-1323. [PMID: 38900888 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
High dynamic strength is of fundamental importance for fibrous materials that are used in high-strain rate environments. Carbon nanotube fibers are one of the most promising candidates. Using a strategy to optimize hierarchical structures, we fabricated carbon nanotube fibers with a dynamic strength of 14 gigapascals (GPa) and excellent energy absorption. The dynamic performance of the fibers is attributed to the simultaneous breakage of individual nanotubes and delocalization of impact energy that occurs during the high-strain rate loading process; these behaviors are due to improvements in interfacial interactions, nanotube alignment, and densification therein. This work presents an effective strategy to utilize the strength of individual carbon nanotubes at the macroscale and provides fresh mechanism insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Xudong Lei
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangzheng Jia
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tongzhao Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Shichen Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Yuanlong Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yong
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Insitute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Insitute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xianqian Wu
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
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2
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Huang J, Guo Y, Lei X, Chen B, Hao H, Luo J, Sun T, Jian M, Gao E, Wu X, Ma W, Shao Y, Zhang J. Fabricating Ultrastrong Carbon Nanotube Fibers via a Microwave Welding Interface. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14377-14387. [PMID: 38781118 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal wet-spun carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) offer notable advantages, such as precise alignment and scalability. However, these CNTFs usually suffer premature failure through intertube slippage due to the weak interfacial interactions between adjacent shells and bundles. Herein, we present a microwave (MW) welding strategy to enhance intertube interactions by partially carbonizing interstitial heterocyclic aramid polymers. The resulting CNTFs exhibit ultrahigh static tensile strength (6.74 ± 0.34 GPa) and dynamic tensile strength (9.52 ± 1.31 GPa), outperforming other traditional high-performance fibers. This work provides a straightforward yet effective approach to strengthening CNTFs for advanced engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Yongzhe Guo
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xudong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Tongzhao Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weigang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanlong Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
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3
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Shi HL, Shi QQ, Zhan H, Ai JJ, Chen YT, Wang JN. High-Strength Carbon Nanotube Fibers from Purity Control by Atomized Catalytic Pyrolysis and Alignment Improvement by Continuous Large Prestraining. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37987831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Transferring the high strength of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to macroscopic fibers is still a major technical challenge. In this study, CNT fibers are wound from a hollow cylindrical assembly. In particular, atomized catalytic pyrolysis is utilized to produce the fiber and control its purity. The pristine fiber is then continuously prestrained to have a highly aligned structure for subsequent full densification. Experimental measurements show that the final fiber possesses a high tensile strength (8.0 GPa), specific strength (5.54 N tex-1 (tex: the weight (g) of a fiber of 1 km long)), Young's modulus (350 GPa), and elongation at break (4%). Such an excellent combination is superior to that of any other existing fiber and attributed to the efficient stress transfer among the highly aligned and packed CNTs. Our study provides a new strategy involving atomized catalysis for developing superstrong CNT assemblies such as fibers and films for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang Shi
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiang Qiang Shi
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hang Zhan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Jin Ai
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Ting Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Nong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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4
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Evers C, Vondrasek B, Jolowsky CN, Park JG, Czabaj MW, Ku BE, Thagard KR, Odegard GM, Liang Z. Scalable High Tensile Modulus Composite Laminates Using Continuous Carbon Nanotube Yarns for Aerospace Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:11260-11268. [PMID: 37469508 PMCID: PMC10353548 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
An approach is established for fabricating high-strength and high-stiffness composite laminates with continuous carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns for scaled-up mechanical tests and potential aerospace structure applications. Continuous CNT yarns with up to 80% degree of nanotube alignment and a unique self-assembled graphitic CNT packing result in their specific tensile strengths of 1.77 ± 0.07 N/tex and an apparent specific modulus of 92.6 ± 3.2 N/tex. Unidirectional CNT yarn reinforced composite laminates with a CNT concentration of greater than 80 wt % and minimal microscale voids are fabricated using filament winding and aerospace-grade resin matrices. A specific tensile strength of up to 1.71 GPa/(g cm-3) and specific modulus of 256 GPa/(g cm-3) are realized; the specific modulus exceeds current state-of-the-art unidirectional carbon fiber composite laminates. The specific modulus of the laminates is 2.76 times greater than the specific modulus of the constituent CNT yarns, a phenomenon not observed in carbon fiber reinforced composites. The results demonstrate an effective approach for fabricating high-strength CNT yarns into composites for applications that require specific tensile modulus properties that are significantly beyond state-of-the-art carbon fiber composites and potentially open an unexplored performance region in the Ashby chart for composite material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecil
E. Evers
- FAMU-FSU
College of Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Avenue, Tallahassee, Florida 32311, United States
| | - Britannia Vondrasek
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Claire N. Jolowsky
- FAMU-FSU
College of Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Avenue, Tallahassee, Florida 32311, United States
| | - Jin Gyu Park
- FAMU-FSU
College of Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Avenue, Tallahassee, Florida 32311, United States
| | - Michael W. Czabaj
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Bailee E. Ku
- FAMU-FSU
College of Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Avenue, Tallahassee, Florida 32311, United States
| | - Kaylee R. Thagard
- FAMU-FSU
College of Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Avenue, Tallahassee, Florida 32311, United States
| | - Gregory M. Odegard
- Mechanical
Engineering—Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- FAMU-FSU
College of Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, 2005 Levy Avenue, Tallahassee, Florida 32311, United States
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5
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Jung Y, Cho YS, Park JH, Cheon JY, Lee JW, Kim JH, Park CR, Kim T, Yang SJ. Selective Interbundle Cross-Linking for Lightweight and Superstrong Carbon Nanotube Yarns. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3128-3136. [PMID: 36951295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a range of carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY) architectures was examined and controlled by chemical modification to gain a deeper understanding of CNTY load-bearing systems and produce lightweight and superstrong CNTYs. The architecture of CNTY, which has polymer layers surrounding a compact bundle without hampering the original state of the CNTs in the bundle, is a favorable design for further chemical cross-linking and for enhancing the load-transfer efficiency, as confirmed by in situ Raman spectroscopy under a stress load. The resulting CNTY exhibited excellent mechanical performance that exceeded the specific strength of the benchmark, high-performance fibers. This exceptional strength of the CNTY makes it a promising candidate for the cable of a space elevator traveling from the Earth to the International Space Station given its strength of 4.35 GPa/(g cm-3), which can withstand the self-weight of a 440 km cable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsu Jung
- Composite Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shik Cho
- Composite Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Park
- Department of Aerospace and Software Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Cheon
- Composite Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Nanohybrids Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Rae Park
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Composite Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Yang
- Advanced Nanohybrids Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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6
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Li L, Sun T, Lu S, Chen Z, Xu S, Jian M, Zhang J. Graphene Interlocking Carbon Nanotubes for High-Strength and High-Conductivity Fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5701-5708. [PMID: 36661854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising building blocks for the fabrication of novel fibers with structural and functional properties. However, the mechanical and electrical performances of carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are far lower than the intrinsic properties of individual CNTs. Exploring methods for the controllable assembly and continuous preparation of high-performance CNTFs is still challenging. Herein, a graphene/chlorosulfonic acid-assisted wet-stretching method is developed to produce highly densified and well-aligned graphene/carbon nanotube fibers (G/CNTFs) with excellent mechanical and electrical performances. Graphene with small size and high quality can bridge the adjacent CNTs to avoid the interfacial slippage under deformation, which facilitates the formation of a robust architecture with abundant conductive pathways. Their ordered structure and enhanced interfacial interactions endow the fibers with both high strength (4.7 GPa) and high electrical conductivity (more than 2 × 106 S/m). G/CNTF-based lightweight wires show good flexibility and knittability, and the high-performance fiber heaters exhibit ultrafast electrothermal response over 1000 °C/s and a low operation voltage of 3 V. This method paves the way for optimizing the microstructures and producing high-strength and high-conductivity CNTFs, which are promising candidates for the high-value fiber-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Tongzhao Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Shichao Lu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shichen Xu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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7
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Cho YS, Lee JW, Kim J, Jung Y, Yang SJ, Park CR. Superstrong Carbon Nanotube Yarns by Developing Multiscale Bundle Structures on the Direct Spin-Line without Post-Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204250. [PMID: 36404109 PMCID: PMC9839856 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Super strong fibers, such as carbon or aramid fibers, have long been used as effective fillers for advanced composites. In this study, the highest tensile strength of 5.5 N tex-1 for carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs) is achieved by controlling the micro-textural structure through a facile and eco-friendly bundle engineering process in direct spinning without any post-treatment. Inspired by the strengthening mechanism of the hierarchical fibrillary structure of natural cellulose fiber, this study develops multiscale bundle structures in CNTYs whereby secondary bundles, ≈200 nm in thickness, evolve from the assembly of elementary bundles, 30 nm in thickness, without any damage, which is a basic load-bearing element in CNTY. The excellent mechanical performance of these CNTYs makes them promising substitutes for the benchmark, lightweight, and super strong commercial fibers used for energy-saving structural materials. These findings address how the tensile strength of CNTY can be improved without additional post-treatment in the spinning process if the development of the aforementioned secondary bundles and the corresponding orientations are properly engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Shik Cho
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Composite Research DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jung
- Composite Research DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringEducation and Research Center for Smart Energy and MaterialsInha UniversityIncheon22212Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Rae Park
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
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8
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Flexible and robust silicon/carbon nanotube anodes exhibiting high areal capacities. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 625:871-878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Zhu Y, Yue H, Aslam MJ, Bai Y, Zhu Z, Wei F. Controllable Preparation and Strengthening Strategies towards High-Strength Carbon Nanotube Fibers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3478. [PMID: 36234606 PMCID: PMC9565896 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with superior mechanical properties are expected to play a role in the next generation of critical engineering mechanical materials. Crucial advances have been made in CNTs, as it has been reported that the tensile strength of defect-free CNTs and carbon nanotube bundles can approach the theoretical limit. However, the tensile strength of macro carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) is far lower than the theoretical level. Although some reviews have summarized the development of such fiber materials, few of them have focused on the controllable preparation and performance optimization of high-strength CNTFs at different scales. Therefore, in this review, we will analyze the characteristics and latest challenges of multiscale CNTFs in preparation and strength optimization. First, the structure and preparation of CNTs are introduced. Then, the preparation methods and tensile strength characteristics of CNTFs at different scales are discussed. Based on the analysis of tensile fracture, we summarize some typical strategies for optimizing tensile performance around defect and tube-tube interaction control. Finally, we introduce some emerging applications for CNTFs in mechanics. This review aims to provide insights and prospects for the controllable preparation of CNTFs with ultra-high tensile strength for emerging cutting-edge applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongjie Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid Aslam
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunxiang Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Kim SG, Heo SJ, Kim J, Kim SO, Lee D, Kim M, Kim ND, Kim D, Hwang JY, Chae HG, Ku B. Ultrastrong Hybrid Fibers with Tunable Macromolecular Interfaces of Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotube for Multifunctional Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203008. [PMID: 35988149 PMCID: PMC9561868 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Individual carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene have unique mechanical and electrical properties; however, the properties of their macroscopic assemblies have not met expectations because of limited physical dimensions, the limited degree of dispersion of the components, and various structural defects. Here, a state-of-the-art assembly for a novel type of hybrid fiber possessing the properties required for a wide variety of multifunctional applications is presented. A simple and effective multidimensional nanostructure of CNT and graphene oxide (GO) assembled by solution processing improves the interfacial utilization of the components. Flexible GOs are effectively intercalated between nanotubes along the shape of CNTs, which reduces voids, enhances orientation, and maximizes the contact between elements. The microstructure is finely controlled by the elements content ratio and dimensions, and an optimal balance improves the mechanical properties. The hybrid fibers simultaneously exhibit exceptional strength (6.05 GPa), modulus (422 GPa), toughness (76.8 J g-1 ), electrical conductivity (8.43 MS m-1 ), and knot strength efficiency (92%). Furthermore, surface and electrochemical properties are significantly improved by tuning the GO content, further expanding the scope of applications. These hybrid fibers are expected to offer a strategy for overcoming the limitations of existing fibers in meeting the requirements for applications in the fiber industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Gyun Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
| | - So Jeong Heo
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Gil Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Sang One Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
- Department of Carbon Materials and Fiber EngineeringJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju54896Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied BioengineeringGraduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversitySuwon16229Republic of Korea
| | - Minkook Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Dong Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Yoon Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gi Chae
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Bon‐Cheol Ku
- Institute of Advanced Composite MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Wanju55324Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano ConvergenceJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju54896Republic of Korea
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11
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Wen Y, Jian M, Huang J, Luo J, Qian L, Zhang J. Carbonene Fibers: Toward Next-Generation Fiber Materials. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6035-6047. [PMID: 35852935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of human society has set unprecedented demands for advanced fiber materials, such as lightweight and high-performance fibers for reinforcement of composite materials in frontier fields and functional and intelligent fibers in wearable electronics. Carbonene materials composed of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms have been demonstrated to be ideal building blocks for advanced fiber materials, which are referred to as carbonene fibers. Carbonene fibers that generally include pristine carbonene fibers, composite carbonene fibers, and carbonene-modified fibers hold great promise in transferring the extraordinary properties of nanoscale carbonene materials to macroscopic applications. Herein, we give a comprehensive discussion on the conception, classification, and design strategies of carbonene fibers and then summarize recent progress regarding the preparations and applications of carbonene fibers. Finally, we provide insights into developing lightweight, high-performance, functional, and intelligent carbonene fibers for next-generation fiber materials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Wen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Huang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Qian
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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12
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Lee D, Kim SG, Hong S, Madrona C, Oh Y, Park M, Komatsu N, Taylor LW, Chung B, Kim J, Hwang JY, Yu J, Lee DS, Jeong HS, You NH, Kim ND, Kim DY, Lee HS, Lee KH, Kono J, Wehmeyer G, Pasquali M, Vilatela JJ, Ryu S, Ku BC. Ultrahigh strength, modulus, and conductivity of graphitic fibers by macromolecular coalescence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0939. [PMID: 35452295 PMCID: PMC9032978 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical considerations suggest that the strength of carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers be exceptional; however, their mechanical performance values are much lower than the theoretical values. To achieve macroscopic fibers with ultrahigh performance, we developed a method to form multidimensional nanostructures by coalescence of individual nanotubes. The highly aligned wet-spun fibers of single- or double-walled nanotube bundles were graphitized to induce nanotube collapse and multi-inner walled structures. These advanced nanostructures formed a network of interconnected, close-packed graphitic domains. Their near-perfect alignment and high longitudinal crystallinity that increased the shear strength between CNTs while retaining notable flexibility. The resulting fibers have an exceptional combination of high tensile strength (6.57 GPa), modulus (629 GPa), thermal conductivity (482 W/m·K), and electrical conductivity (2.2 MS/m), thereby overcoming the limits associated with conventional synthetic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Material Analysis, The University of Suwon, Suwon 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Gyun Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungki Hong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Cristina Madrona
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, Madrid 28906, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Yuna Oh
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and the Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Lauren W. Taylor
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and the Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Bongjin Chung
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Material Analysis, The University of Suwon, Suwon 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesang Yu
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Su Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Su Jeong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ho You
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Dong Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yoon Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Sang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Hong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Physics & Astronomy, and Materials Science & NanoEngineering, the Smalley-Curl Institute, and the Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Geoff Wehmeyer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Departments of Chemical Engineering & Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Materials Science & NanoEngineering and The Carbon Hub, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Juan J. Vilatela
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, Madrid 28906, Spain
| | - Seongwoo Ryu
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Material Analysis, The University of Suwon, Suwon 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Cheol Ku
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Convergence, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wei H, Ting HZJ, Gong Y, Lü C, Glukhova OE, Zhan H. Torsional Properties of Bundles with Randomly Packed Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050760. [PMID: 35269252 PMCID: PMC8911843 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles/fibers possess promising applications in broad fields, such as artificial muscles and flexible electronics, due to their excellent mechanical properties. The as-prepared CNT bundles contain complex structural features (e.g., different alignments and components), which makes it challenging to predict their mechanical performance. Through in silico studies, this work assessed the torsional performance of CNT bundles with randomly packed CNTs. It is found that CNT bundles with varying constituent CNTs in terms of chirality and diameter exhibit remarkably different torsional properties. Specifically, CNT bundles consisting of CNTs with a relatively large diameter ratio possess lower gravimetric energy density and elastic limit than their counterpart with a small diameter ratio. More importantly, CNT bundles with the same constituent CNTs but different packing morphologies can yield strong variation in their torsional properties, e.g., up to 30%, 16% and 19% difference in terms of gravimetric energy density, elastic limit and elastic constants, respectively. In addition, the separate fracture of the inner and outer walls of double-walled CNTs is found to suppress the gravimetric energy density and elastic limit of their corresponding bundles. These findings partially explain why the experimentally measured mechanical properties of CNT bundles vary from each other, which could benefit the design and fabrication of high-performance CNT bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wei
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Heidi Zhi Jin Ting
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
| | - Yongji Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Chaofeng Lü
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.W.); (C.L.)
- Soft Matter Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Department of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Haifei Zhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.W.); (C.L.)
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Gupta N, Penev ES, Yakobson BI. Fatigue in assemblies of indefatigable carbon nanotubes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj6996. [PMID: 34936446 PMCID: PMC8694584 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most consequential processes in the utilization of structural materials, fatigue at the nano- and mesoscale has been marginally explored or understood even for the most promising nanocarbon forms—nanotubes and graphene. By combining atomistic models with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we show that a pristine carbon nanotube under ambient working conditions is essentially indefatigable—accumulating no structural memory of prior load; over time, it probabilistically breaks, abruptly. In contrast, by using coarse-grained modeling, we demonstrate that any practical assemblies of nanotubes, e.g., bundles and fibers, display a clear gradual strength degradation in cyclic tensile loading due to recurrence and ratchet-up of slip at the tube-tube interfaces, not occurring under static load even of equal amplitude.
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15
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Lee H, Park J, Cho H, Lee J, Lee KH. Investigation of shear-induced rearrangement of carbon nanotube bundles using Taylor-Couette flow. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38152-38160. [PMID: 35498094 PMCID: PMC9044060 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07354k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroscopic assemblies of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) usually have a poor alignment and a low packing density due to their hierarchical structure. To realize the inherent properties of CNTs at the macroscopic scale, the CNT assemblies should have a highly aligned and densified structure. Shear-aligning processes are commonly employed for this purpose. This work investigates how shear flows affect the rearrangement of CNT bundles in macroscopic assemblies. We propose that buckling behavior of CNT bundles in a shear flow causes the poor alignment of CNT bundles and a low packing density of CNT assemblies; the flow pattern and the magnitude of shear stress induced by the flow are key factors to regulate this buckling behavior. To obtain CNT assemblies with a high packing density, the CNTs should undergo a laminar flow that has a sufficiently low shear stress. Understanding the effect of shear flow on the structure of CNT bundles may guide improvement of fabrication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haemin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea +82-54-279-2003
| | - Jinhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea +82-54-279-2003
| | - Hyunjung Cho
- LG Chem R&D Campus Daejeon 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34122 South Korea
| | - Jaegeun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu Busan 46241 Republic of Korea +82-51-510-2495
| | - Kun-Hong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea +82-54-279-2003
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16
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Hyon J, Lawal O, Thevamaran R, Song YE, Thomas EL. Extreme Energy Dissipation via Material Evolution in Carbon Nanotube Mats. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003142. [PMID: 33747728 PMCID: PMC7967058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Thin layered mats comprised of an interconnected meandering network of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are subjected to a hypersonic micro-projectile impact test. The mat morphology is highly compliant and while this leads to rather modest quasi-static mechanical properties, at the extreme strain rates and large strains resulting from ballistic impact, the MWCNT structure has the ability to reconfigure resulting in extraordinary kinetic energy (KE) absorption. The KE of the projectile is dissipated via frictional interactions, adiabatic heating, tube stretching, and ultimately fracture of taut tubes and the newly formed fibrils. The energy absorbed per unit mass of the film can range from 7-12 MJ kg-1, much greater than any other material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Hyon
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Olawale Lawal
- Department of ChemistryUnited States Air Force AcademyEl PasoCO80840‐5002USA
| | | | - Ye Eun Song
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
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17
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Xie C, Shan H, Song X, Chen L, Wang J, Shi JW, Hu J, Zhang J, Li X. Flexible S@C-CNTs cathodes with robust mechanical strength via blade-coating for lithium-sulfur batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 592:448-454. [PMID: 33714763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) with high energy density hold some promising applications in the wearable and flexible devices. However, it has been still challenging to develop a simple and feasible approach to prepare flexible LSB cathodes with both robust mechanical strength. Herein, flexible S@C-CNTs cathodes with controllable thicknesses are successfully fabricated via a facile blade-coating method. Due to the strong cohesion among CNTs bundles and the well-designed structure, the flexible S@C-CNTs cathodes are demonstrated to be with a combination of impressive mechanical strength and enhanced electrochemical performance. For the flexible S@C-CNTs cathodes with the sulfur mass loading of 4 mg cm-2, the areal capacity is close to 3.0 mA h cm-2, and the breaking stress is up to 5.59 MPa with 7.77% strain. Meanwhile, the pouch cell exhibits excellent cyclic stability at both flat/bent conditions. All demonstrate that the flexible S@C-CNTs cathodes may satisfy the demands of practical application. Moreover, this methodology is suitable for designing other flexible battery electrodes, such as flexible Si@C-CNTs anodes for lithium ion batteries, flexible P@C-CNTs anodes for sodium/potassium ion batteries, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xie
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Hui Shan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xuexia Song
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Jian-Wen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Junhua Hu
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xifei Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China.
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18
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Gupta N, Alred JM, Penev ES, Yakobson BI. Universal Strength Scaling in Carbon Nanotube Bundles with Frictional Load Transfer. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1342-1350. [PMID: 33381972 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) individually display exceptional mechanical properties, but the strength of their mesoscale assemblies such as bundles has a fundamental disconnect, with limited understanding of its scaling. Here we use coarse-grained implementation of a CNT interface with prescribed length distributions and parametrized cross-link density, providing two essential control parameters. It is shown that a linear relationship between strength of the bundles and these control parameters exists, across multiple hierarchies of nanotube interfaces. Furthermore, all geometrical perturbations caused by length distribution and bundle dimensions result in a net stress concentration effect, without influencing the scaling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitant Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - John M Alred
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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19
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Xin W, Severino J, Venkert A, Yu H, Knorr D, Yang JM, Carlson L, Hicks R, De Rosa I. Fabrication and Characterization of Solid Composite Yarns from Carbon Nanotubes and Poly(dicyclopentadiene). NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040717. [PMID: 32290088 PMCID: PMC7221842 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this report, networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are transformed into composite yarns by infusion, mechanical consolidation and polymerization of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). The microstructures of the CNT yarn and its composite are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and a focused ion beam used for cross-sectioning. Pristine yarns have tensile strength, modulus and elongation at failure of 0.8 GPa, 14 GPa and 14.0%, respectively. In the composite yarn, these values are significantly enhanced to 1.2 GPa, 68 GPa and 3.4%, respectively. Owing to the consolidation and alignment improvement, its electrical conductivity was increased from 1.0 × 105 S/m (raw yarn) to 5.0 × 105 S/m and 5.3 × 105 S/m for twisted yarn and composite yarn, respectively. The strengthening mechanism is attributed to the binding of the DCPD polymer, which acts as a capstan and increases frictional forces within the nanotube bundles, making it more difficult to pull them apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Xin
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.S.); (J.-M.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (I.D.R.)
| | - Joseph Severino
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.S.); (J.-M.Y.)
| | - Arie Venkert
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev (NRCN), 84190 Beer Sheva, Israel;
| | - Hang Yu
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Daniel Knorr
- Combat Capabilities and Development Command, Army Research Laboratory, 6300 Rodman Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA;
| | - Jenn-Ming Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.S.); (J.-M.Y.)
| | - Larry Carlson
- Institute for Technology Advancement, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Robert Hicks
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Igor De Rosa
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.S.); (J.-M.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (I.D.R.)
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20
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Zhang X, Lu W, Zhou G, Li Q. Understanding the Mechanical and Conductive Properties of Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Smart Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902028. [PMID: 31250496 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of fiber-based smart electronics has provoked increasing demand for high-performance and multifunctional fiber materials. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers, the 1D macroassembly of CNTs, have extensively been utilized to construct wearable electronics due to their unique integration of high porosity/surface area, desirable mechanical/physical properties, and extraordinary structural flexibility, as well as their novel corrosion/oxidation resistivity. To take full advantage of CNT fibers, it is essential to understand their mechanical and conductive properties. Herein, the recent progress regarding the intrinsic structure-property relationship of CNT fibers, as well as the strategies of enhancing their mechanical and conductive properties are briefly summarized, providing helpful guidance for scouting ideally structured CNT fibers for specific flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Weibang Lu
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Gengheng Zhou
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Songlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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22
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Xu X, Xie S, Zhang Y, Peng H. The Rise of Fiber Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13643-13653. [PMID: 30986329 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As a new direction in applied chemistry, fiber electronics allow device configuration to evolve from three to two dimensions and then to one dimension. The reduction in dimension brings unique properties, such as ultraflexibility, tissue adaptability, and weavability, enabling their use in a variety of applications, particularly in various emerging fields related to implantable devices and wearable systems. The different types of fiber electrode materials are summarized based on the one-dimensional configuration and their distinctive interfaces, various devices, and promising applications. The remaining challenges and future directions are finally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Songlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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23
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Direct spinning and densification method for high-performance carbon nanotube fibers. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2962. [PMID: 31273205 PMCID: PMC6609687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing methods to assemble nanomaterials into macroscopic scaffolds is of critical significance at the current stage of nanotechnology. However, the complications of the fabrication methods impede the widespread usages of newly developed materials even with the superior properties in many cases. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of a highly-efficient and potentially-continuous fiber-spinning method to produce high-performance carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber (CNTF). The processing time is <1 min from synthesis of CNTs to fabrication of highly densified and aligned CNTFs. CNTFs that are fabricated by the developed spinning method are ultra-lightweight, strong (specific tensile strength = 4.08 ± 0.25 Ntex−1), stiff (specific tensile modulus = 187.5 ± 7.4 Ntex−1), electrically conductive (2,270 S m2kg−1), and highly flexible (knot efficiency = 48 ± 15%), so they are suitable for various high-value fabric-based applications. The tensile strength of a carbon nanotube fiber is predicted to increase as its constituent nanotubes become more perfectly and densely aligned. Here, the authors present an optimized direct-spinning and chlorosulfonic acid densification method to rapidly produce carbon nanotube fibers with excellent mechanical and electrical properties.
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24
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Bai Y, Shen B, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Sun S, Gao J, Li B, Wang Y, Zhang R, Wei F. Storage of Mechanical Energy Based on Carbon Nanotubes with High Energy Density and Power Density. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800680. [PMID: 30357976 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage in a proper form is an important way to meet the fast increase in the demand for energy. Among the strategies for storing energy, storage of mechanical energy via suitable media is widely utilized by human beings. With a tensile strength over 100 GPa, and a Young's modulus over 1 TPa, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the strongest materials ever found and exhibit overwhelming advantages for storing mechanical energy. For example, the tensile-strain energy density of CNTs is as high as 1125 Wh kg-1 . In addition, CNTs also exhibit great potential for fabricating flywheels to store kinetic energy with both high energy density (8571 Wh kg-1 ) and high power density (2 MW kg-1 to 2 GW kg-1 ). Here, an overview of some typical mechanical-energy-storage systems and materials is given. Then, theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and CNT assemblies are introduced. Afterward, the strategies for utilizing CNTs to store mechanical energy are discussed. In addition, macroscale production of CNTs is summarized. Finally, future trends and prospects in the development of CNTs used as mechanical-energy-storage materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Boyuan Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Silei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Banghao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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25
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Karami P, Wyss CS, Khoushabi A, Schmocker A, Broome M, Moser C, Bourban PE, Pioletti DP. Composite Double-Network Hydrogels To Improve Adhesion on Biological Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38692-38699. [PMID: 30335947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of hydrogels with high mechanical properties, insufficient adhesion between these materials and biological surfaces significantly limits their use in the biomedical field. By controlling toughening processes, we designed a composite double-network hydrogel with ∼90% water content, which creates a dissipative interface and robustly adheres to soft tissues such as cartilage and meniscus. A double-network matrix composed of covalently cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and ionically cross-linked alginate was reinforced with nanofibrillated cellulose. No tissue surface modification was needed to obtain high adhesion properties of the developed hydrogel. Instead, mechanistic principles were used to control interfacial crack propagation. Comparing to commercial tissue adhesives, the integration of the dissipative polymeric network on the soft tissue surfaces allowed a significant increase in the adhesion strength, such as ∼130 kPa for articular cartilage. Our findings highlight the significant role of controlling hydrogel structure and dissipation processes for toughening the interface. This research provides a promising path to the development of highly adhesive hydrogels for tissues repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martin Broome
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery , Lausanne University Hospital , CH-1011 Lausanne , Switzerland
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26
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Evora MC, Lu X, Hiremath N, Kang NG, Hong K, Uribe R, Bhat G, Mays J. Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:545-554. [PMID: 29527431 PMCID: PMC5827762 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns exhibit low tensile strength compared to conventional high-performance carbon fibers due to the facile sliding of CNTs past one another. Electron beam (e-beam) irradiation was employed for in a single-step surface modification of CNTs to improve the mechanical properties of this material. To this end, CNT yarns were simultaneously functionalized and crosslinked using acrylic acid (AA) and acrylonitrile (AN) in an e-beam irradiation process. The chemical modification of CNT yarns was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The best improvement in mechanical properties was achieved on a sample treated with an aqueous solution of AA and subsequent irradiation. CNT yarn treatment with AA enhanced the strength (444.5 ± 68.4 MPa) by more than 75% and the modulus (21.5 ± 0.6 GPa) by more than 144% as compared to untreated CNT yarn (strength 251 ± 26.5 MPa and modulus 8.8 ± 1.2 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Evora
- Institute for Advanced Studies- IEAV/DCTA, São Jose dos Campos, SP 12228, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Nitilaksha Hiremath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Nam-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Roberto Uribe
- College of Applied Engineering, Sustainability and Technology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Gajanan Bhat
- Fibers and textiles Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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27
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Ha J, Jung HY, Hao J, Li B, Raeliarijaona A, Alarcón J, Terrones H, Ajayan PM, Jung YJ, Kim J, Kim D. Ultrafast structural evolution and formation of linear carbon chains in single-walled carbon nanotube networks by femtosecond laser irradiation. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16627-16631. [PMID: 29086781 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05883g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inter-allotropic structural transformation of sp2 structured nanocarbon is a topic of fundamental and technological interest in scalable nanomanufacturing. Such modifications usually require extremely high temperature or high-energy irradiation, and are usually a destructive and time-consuming process. Here, we demonstrate a method for engineering a molecular structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their network properties by femtosecond laser irradiation. This method allows effective coalescence between SWNTs, transforming them into other allotropic nanocarbon structures (double-walled, triple-walled and multi-walled nanotubes) with the formation of linear carbon chains. The nanocarbon network created by this laser-induced transformation process shows extraordinarily strong coalescence induced mode in Raman spectra and two-times enhanced electrical conductivity. This work suggests a powerful method for engineering sp2 carbon allotropes and their junctions, which provides possibilities for next generation materials with structural hybridization at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghong Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Yadav MD, Dasgupta K, Patwardhan AW, Joshi JB. High Performance Fibers from Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Composites—A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manishkumar D. Yadav
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Kinshuk Dasgupta
- Materials
Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ashwin W. Patwardhan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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29
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Deng J, Wang C, Guan G, Wu H, Sun H, Qiu L, Chen P, Pan Z, Sun H, Zhang B, Che R, Peng H. The Deformations of Carbon Nanotubes under Cutting. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8464-8470. [PMID: 28767215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The determination of structural evolution at the atomic level is essential to understanding the intrinsic physics and chemistries of nanomaterials. Mechanochemistry represents a promising method to trace structural evolution, but conventional mechanical tension generates random breaking points, which makes it unavailable for effective analysis. It remains difficult to find an appropriate model to study shear deformations. Here, we synthesize high-modulus carbon nanotubes that can be cut precisely, and the structural evolution is efficiently investigated through a combination of geometry phase analysis and first-principles calculations. The lattice fluctuation depends on the anisotropy, chirality, curvature, and slicing rate. The strain distribution further reveals a plastic breaking mechanism for the conjugated carbon atoms under cutting. The resulting sliced carbon nanotubes with controllable sizes and open ends are promising for various applications, for example, as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guozhen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Longbin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Renchao Che
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, China
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30
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Yang J, Xu F. Synergistic Reinforcing Mechanisms in Cellulose Nanofibrils Composite Hydrogels: Interfacial Dynamics, Energy Dissipation, and Damage Resistance. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2623-2632. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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31
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Hossain MM, Islam MA, Shima H, Hasan M, Lee M. Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotube Fibers Through Nanoparticles: A Route for Controlling Mechanical and Electrical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5530-5542. [PMID: 28106367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study that describes how semiconducting ZnO can act as an alignment agent in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fibers. Because of the alignment of CNTs through the ZnO nanoparticles linking groups, the CNTs inside the fibers were equally distributed by the attraction of bonding forces into sheetlike bunches, such that any applied mechanical breaking load was equally distributed to each CNT inside the fiber, making them mechanically robust against breaking loads. Although semiconductive ZnO nanoparticles were used here, the electrical conductivity of the aligned CNT fiber was comparable to bare CNT fibers, suggesting that the total electron movement through the CNTs inside the aligned CNT fiber is not disrupted by the insulating behavior of ZnO nanoparticles. A high degree of control over the electrical conductivity was also demonstrated by the ZnO nanoparticles, working as electron movement bridges between CNTs in the longitudinal and crosswise directions. Well-organized surface interface chemistry was also observed, which supports the notion of CNT alignment inside the fibers. This research represents a new area of surface interface chemistry for interfacially linked CNTs and ZnO nanomaterials with improved mechanical properties and electrical conductivity within aligned CNT fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Akherul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology , Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Hossain Shima
- Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi Univesity , Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mudassir Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Khalid University , Abha 61411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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32
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Jung HY, Jung SM, Kim DW, Jung YJ. Inter-allotropic transformations in the heterogeneous carbon nanotube networks. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1014-1021. [PMID: 28045165 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08393e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The allotropic transformations of carbon provide an immense technological interest for tailoring the desired molecular structures in the scalable nanoelectronic devices. Herein, we explore the effects of morphology and geometric alignment of the nanotubes for the re-engineering of carbon bonds in the heterogeneous carbon nanotube (CNT) networks. By applying alternating voltage pulses and electrical forces, the single-walled CNTs in networks were predominantly transformed into other predetermined sp2 carbon structures (multi-walled CNTs and multi-layered graphitic nanoribbons), showing a larger intensity in a coalescence-induced mode of Raman spectra with the increasing channel width. Moreover, the transformed networks have a newly discovered sp2-sp3 hybrid nanostructures in accordance with the alignment. The sp3 carbon structures at the small channel are controlled, such that they contain up to about 29.4% networks. This study provides a controllable method for specific types of inter-allotropic transformations/hybridizations, which opens up the further possibility for the engineering of nanocarbon allotropes in the robust large-scale network-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52725, South Korea.
| | - Sung Mi Jung
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52834, South Korea
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52725, South Korea.
| | - Yung Joon Jung
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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33
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Janas D, Koziol KK. Carbon nanotube fibers and films: synthesis, applications and perspectives of the direct-spinning method. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19475-19490. [PMID: 27874140 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07549e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct-spinning method of creation of CNT macroassemblies has received a lot of attention because of its simplicity to produce high-performance material without apparent limits to its size. CNT fibers or films have shown unparalleled properties and opened new areas of research and commercial development. The process designed more than a decade ago has already given interesting information about the basic science of nanomaterials, which in parallel led to the creation of the first prototypes with high potential of implementation in everyday life. Because of this, there has been growing interest in this technique with research articles coming into view from all around the world on a frequent basis. This review aims to summarize all the progress made in the direct-spinning process on a spectrum of fronts ranging from the study of complex synthesis parameters, material properties to its viable applications. The strong and weak points of the "Cambridge process" are carefully evaluated to put forward what challenges are most pressing. The future overlook puts the state of the art into perspective and suggests the prospective research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Janas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Krzysztof K Koziol
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK.
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34
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Oh JY, Kim YS, Jung Y, Yang SJ, Park CR. Preparation and Exceptional Mechanical Properties of Bone-Mimicking Size-Tuned Graphene Oxide@Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Paper. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2184-2192. [PMID: 26795353 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembled nanostructures of carbon nanomaterials possess a damage-tolerable architecture crucial for the inherent mechanical properties at both micro- and macroscopic levels. Bone, or "natural composite," has been known to have superior energy dissipation and fracture resistance abilities due to its unique load-bearing hybrid structure. However, few approaches have emulated the desirable structure using carbon nanomaterials. In this paper, we present an approach in fabricating a hybrid composite paper based on graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotube (CNT) that mimicks the natural bone structure. The size-tuning strategy enables smaller GO sheets to have more cross-linking reactions with CNTs and be homogeneously incorporated into CNT-assembled paper, which is advantageous for effective stress transfer. The resultant hybrid composite film has enhanced mechanical strength, modulus, toughness, and even electrical conductivity compared to previously reported CNT-GO based composites. We further demonstrate the usefulness of the size-tuned GOs as the "stress transfer medium" by performing in situ Raman spectroscopy during the tensile test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Oh
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Yern Seung Kim
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jung
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Seung Jae Yang
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
- Advanced Nanohybrids Laboratory, Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Chong Rae Park
- Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
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35
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Senokos E, Reguero V, Palma J, Vilatela JJ, Marcilla R. Macroscopic fibres of CNTs as electrodes for multifunctional electric double layer capacitors: from quantum capacitance to device performance. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3620-3628. [PMID: 26809811 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07697h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present a combined electrochemical and mechanical study of mesoporous electrodes based on CNT fibres in the context of electric double layer capacitors. We show that through control of the synthetic and assembly processes of the fibres, it is possible to obtain an active material that combines a surface area of 250 m(2) g(-1), high electrical conductivity (3.5 × 10(5) S m(-1)) and mechanical properties in the high-performance range including toughness (35 J g(-1)) comparable to that of aramid fibre (e.g. Kevlar). These properties are a consequence of the predominant orientation of the CNTs, observed by wide- and small-angle X-ray diffraction, and to the exceptionally long CNT length on the millimetre scale. Cyclic voltammetry measurements in a three-electrode configuration and using 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI) ionic liquid electrolyte, show that the CNT fibres have a large quantum capacitance, evidenced by the near linear dependence of geometric capacitance (and conductivity) on potential bias. This reflects the low dimensionality of the CNT building blocks, which were purposely synthesised to have 1-5 layers and a high degree of graphitization. From the charge-discharge measurements of supercapacitor devices with symmetric CNT fibre electrodes we obtain power and energy densities as high as 58 kW kg(-1) and 14 Wh kg(-1), respectively. These record-high values for CNT fibre-based supercapacitors, are a consequence of the low equivalent series resistance due to the high conductivity of the fibres, the large contribution from quantum capacitance, and the wide stability window of the ionic liquid (3.5 V). Cycle life experiments demonstrate stable capacitance and energy retention over 10,000 cycles of charge-discharge at 3.5 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Senokos
- IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935, Madrid, Spain. and IMDEA Materials Institute, C/ Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906, Madrid, Spain.
| | - V Reguero
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/ Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Palma
- IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J J Vilatela
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/ Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Marcilla
- IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935, Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Wang Y, Ostanin I, Gaidău C, Dumitric T. Twisting Carbon Nanotube Ropes with the Mesoscopic Distinct Element Method: Geometry, Packing, and Nanomechanics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12323-12327. [PMID: 26411396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The geometry and internal packing of twisted ropes composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered, and a numerical solution in the context of the mesoscopic distinct element method (MDEM) is proposed. Compared to the state of the art, MDEM accounts in a computationally tractable manner for both the deformation of the fiber and the distributed van der Waals cohesive energy between fibers. These features enable us to investigate the torsional response in a new regime where the twisted rope develops packing rearrangements and aspect-ratio-dependent geometric nonlinearities. MDEM emerges as a robust simulation method for studying twisted agglomerates comprising semiflexible nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Ostanin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Cristian Gaidău
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Alemán B, Reguero V, Mas B, Vilatela JJ. Strong Carbon Nanotube Fibers by Drawing Inspiration from Polymer Fiber Spinning. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7392-7398. [PMID: 26082976 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to spin highly oriented continuous fibers of adjustable carbon nanotube (CNT) type, with mechanical properties in the high-performance range. By lowering the concentration of nanotubes in the gas phase, through either reduction of the precursor feed rate or increase in carrier gas flow rate, the density of entanglements is reduced and the CNT aerogel can thus be drawn (up to 18 draw ratio) and wound at fast rates (>50 m/min). This is achieved without affecting the synthesis process, as demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy, and implies that the parameters controlling composition in terms of CNT diameter and number of layers are decoupled from those fixing CNT orientation. Applying polymer fiber wet-spinning principles then, strong CNT fibers (1 GPa/SG) are produced under dilute conditions and high draw ratios, corresponding to highly aligned fibers (from wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering). This is demonstrated for fibers either made up of predominantly single-wall CNTs (SWCNTs) or predominantly multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs), which surprisingly have very similar tensile properties. Finally, we show that postspin densification has no substantial effect on either alignment or properties (mechanical and electrical). These results demonstrate a route to control CNT assembly and reinforce their potential as a high-performance fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Alemán
- IMDEA Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Reguero
- IMDEA Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Mas
- IMDEA Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Vilatela
- IMDEA Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid, Spain
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Yao S, Zhu Y. Nanomaterial-enabled stretchable conductors: strategies, materials and devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1480-511. [PMID: 25619358 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are attracting intensive attention due to their promising applications in many areas where electronic devices undergo large deformation and/or form intimate contact with curvilinear surfaces. On the other hand, a plethora of nanomaterials with outstanding properties have emerged over the past decades. The understanding of nanoscale phenomena, materials, and devices has progressed to a point where substantial strides in nanomaterial-enabled applications become realistic. This review summarizes recent advances in one such application, nanomaterial-enabled stretchable conductors (one of the most important components for stretchable electronics) and related stretchable devices (e.g., capacitive sensors, supercapacitors and electroactive polymer actuators), over the past five years. Focusing on bottom-up synthesized carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene) and metal nanomaterials (e.g., metal nanowires and nanoparticles), this review provides fundamental insights into the strategies for developing nanomaterial-enabled highly conductive and stretchable conductors. Finally, some of the challenges and important directions in the area of nanomaterial-enabled stretchable conductors and devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7910, USA
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Park J, Mitchel WC, Elhamri S, Grazulis L, Hoelscher J, Mahalingam K, Hwang C, Mo SK, Lee J. Observation of the intrinsic bandgap behaviour in as-grown epitaxial twisted graphene. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5677. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Sculpting carbon bonds for allotropic transformation through solid-state re-engineering of -sp2 carbon. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4941. [PMID: 25222600 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon forms one of nature's strongest chemical bonds; its allotropes having provided some of the most exciting scientific discoveries in recent times. The possibility of inter-allotropic transformations/hybridization of carbon is hence a topic of immense fundamental and technological interest. Such modifications usually require extreme conditions (high temperature, pressure and/or high-energy irradiations), and are usually not well controlled. Here we demonstrate inter-allotropic transformations/hybridizations of specific types that appear uniformly across large-area carbon networks, using moderate alternating voltage pulses. By controlling the pulse magnitude, small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes can be transformed predominantly into larger-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes of different morphologies, multi-layered graphene nanoribbons or structures with sp(3) bonds. This re-engineering of carbon bonds evolves via a coalescence-induced reconfiguration of sp(2) hybridization, terminates with negligible introduction of defects and demonstrates remarkable reproducibility. This reflects a potential step forward for large-scale engineering of nanocarbon allotropes and their junctions.
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Wang JN, Luo XG, Wu T, Chen Y. High-strength carbon nanotube fibre-like ribbon with high ductility and high electrical conductivity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3848. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Pierlot AP, Woodhead AL, Church JS. Thermal annealing effects on multi-walled carbon nanotube yarns probed by Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 117:598-603. [PMID: 24103230 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The realized mechanical properties of CNT macrostructures such as webs and yarns remain significantly lower than those of the individual CNTs. Structural changes induced by thermal annealing under inert atmosphere were assessed using Raman spectroscopy. Annealing above 1000 °C resulted in a marked decrease in the D/G ratio which can be attributed to an increase in the crystallite size or the distance between defects. The band component parameters obtained by spectral deconvolution reveal that the D band peak maximum shifts to slightly higher energy with increased annealing temperature. In contrast, the energy of the G band did not change. The full widths at half height (FWHH) of the D and G bands are seen to decrease with increasing annealing temperature. The tensile properties of the yarns have been investigated and it was found that the yarn tenacity did not improve with these structural changes. The effect of impurities in the annealing system such as oxygen, adsorbed water or organic surface contamination was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Pierlot
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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Karim MR, Hatakeyama K, Matsui T, Takehira H, Taniguchi T, Koinuma M, Matsumoto Y, Akutagawa T, Nakamura T, Noro SI, Yamada T, Kitagawa H, Hayami S. Graphene Oxide Nanosheet with High Proton Conductivity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8097-100. [DOI: 10.1021/ja401060q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Razaul Karim
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1
Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School
of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh
| | - Kazuto Hatakeyama
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1
Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1
Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takehira
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1
Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takaaki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1
Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Michio Koinuma
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1
Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1
Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary
Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakamura
- Research Institute for Electronic
Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10 Kita-ku,
Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Noro
- Research Institute for Electronic
Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10 Kita-ku,
Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Division
of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
- Division
of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1
Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Beese AM, Sarkar S, Nair A, Naraghi M, An Z, Moravsky A, Loutfy RO, Buehler MJ, Nguyen ST, Espinosa HD. Bio-inspired carbon nanotube-polymer composite yarns with hydrogen bond-mediated lateral interactions. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3434-3446. [PMID: 23548065 DOI: 10.1021/nn400346r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymer composite yarns containing a high loading of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) have been developed in which the inherent acrylate-based organic coating on the surface of the DWNT bundles interacts strongly with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) through an extensive hydrogen-bond network. This design takes advantage of a toughening mechanism seen in spider silk and collagen, which contain an abundance of hydrogen bonds that can break and reform, allowing for large deformation while maintaining structural stability. Similar to that observed in natural materials, unfolding of the polymeric matrix at large deformations increases ductility without sacrificing stiffness. As the PVA content in the composite increases, the stiffness and energy to failure of the composite also increases up to an optimal point, beyond which mechanical performance in tension decreases. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirm this trend, showing the dominance of nonproductive hydrogen bonding between PVA molecules at high PVA contents, which lubricates the interface between DWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Beese
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3111, United States
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Behabtu N, Young CC, Tsentalovich DE, Kleinerman O, Wang X, Ma AWK, Bengio EA, ter Waarbeek RF, de Jong JJ, Hoogerwerf RE, Fairchild SB, Ferguson JB, Maruyama B, Kono J, Talmon Y, Cohen Y, Otto MJ, Pasquali M. Strong, Light, Multifunctional Fibers of Carbon Nanotubes with Ultrahigh Conductivity. Science 2013; 339:182-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1228061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 965] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Espinosa HD, Filleter T, Naraghi M. Multiscale experimental mechanics of hierarchical carbon-based materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:2805-2823. [PMID: 22576263 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the mechanics of natural materials, such as spider silk, abalone shells, and bone, has provided great insight into the design of materials that can simultaneously achieve high specific strength and toughness. Research has shown that their emergent mechanical properties are owed in part to their specific self-organization in hierarchical molecular structures, from nanoscale to macroscale, as well as their mixing and bonding. To apply these findings to manmade materials, researchers have devoted significant efforts in developing a fundamental understanding of multiscale mechanics of materials and its application to the design of novel materials with superior mechanical performance. These efforts included the utilization of some of the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene, together with a variety of matrix materials. At the core of these efforts lies the need to characterize material mechanical behavior across multiple length scales starting from nanoscale characterization of constituents and their interactions to emerging micro- and macroscale properties. In this report, progress made in experimental tools and methods currently used for material characterization across multiple length scales is reviewed, as well as a discussion of how they have impacted our current understanding of the mechanics of hierarchical carbon-based materials. In addition, insight is provided into strategies for bridging experiments across length scales, which are essential in establishing a multiscale characterization approach. While the focus of this progress report is in experimental methods, their concerted use with theoretical-computational approaches towards the establishment of a robust material by design methodology is also discussed, which can pave the way for the development of novel materials possessing unprecedented mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio D Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3111, USA.
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Shang Y, He X, Li Y, Zhang L, Li Z, Ji C, Shi E, Li P, Zhu K, Peng Q, Wang C, Zhang X, Wang R, Wei J, Wang K, Zhu H, Wu D, Cao A. Super-stretchable spring-like carbon nanotube ropes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:2896-900. [PMID: 22539213 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spring-like carbon nanotube ropes consisting of perfectly arranged loops are fabricated by spinning single-walled nanotube films, and can sustain tensile strains as high as 285%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shang
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
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Lu W, Zu M, Byun JH, Kim BS, Chou TW. State of the art of carbon nanotube fibers: opportunities and challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:1805-1833. [PMID: 22438092 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The superb mechanical and physical properties of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have provided the impetus for researchers in developing high-performance continuous fibers based upon CNTs. The reported high specific strength, specific stiffness and electrical conductivity of CNT fibers demonstrate the potential of their wide application in many fields. In this review paper, we assess the state of the art advances in CNT-based continuous fibers in terms of their fabrication methods, characterization and modeling of mechanical and physical properties, and applications. The opportunities and challenges in CNT fiber research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibang Lu
- Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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