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Narayan J, Bezborah K. Recent advances in the functionalization, substitutional doping and applications of graphene/graphene composite nanomaterials. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13413-13444. [PMID: 38660531 PMCID: PMC11041312 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have emerged as advanced carbon functional materials with specialized unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. These properties have made graphene an exceptional material for a wide range of promising applications in biological and non-biological fields. The present review illustrates the structural modifications of pristine graphene resulting in a wide variety of derivatives. The significance of substitutional doping with alkali-metals, alkaline earth metals, and III-VII group elements apart from the transition metals of the periodic table is discussed. The paper reviews various chemical and physical preparation routes of graphene, its derivatives and graphene-based nanocomposites at room and elevated temperatures in various solvents. The difficulty in dispersing it in water and organic solvents make it essential to functionalize graphene and its derivatives. Recent trends and advances are discussed at length. Controlled reduction reactions in the presence of various dopants leading to nanocomposites along with suitable surfactants essential to enhance its potential applications in the semiconductor industry and biological fields are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Narayan
- Synthetic Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences & Social Sciences, (Chemistry Division) School of Technology, North Eastern Hill University Shillong 793022 Meghalaya India
| | - Kangkana Bezborah
- Synthetic Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences & Social Sciences, (Chemistry Division) School of Technology, North Eastern Hill University Shillong 793022 Meghalaya India
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2
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Mondal M, Ganapathy R. Hierarchical Colloidal Self-Assembly on Lattice-Mismatched Moiré Patterns. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:619-626. [PMID: 36633917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extending atomic epitaxy concepts to colloidal systems for realizing functional surface structures has recently piqued scientific interest. Akin to the growth of ordered metal clusters on graphene moiré, spatially ordered colloidal crystals have been realized on soft lithographically fabricated moiré patterns. In addition to moiré periodicity, lattice misfit strain can bring about a further level of hierarchy in colloidal self-assembly, although its role in self-organization remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the self-organized growth of micrometer-sized colloidal pyramid arrays with lateral order extending over millimeter length scales on lattice-mismatched moiré patterns. By probing the film growth dynamics with single-particle resolution, we uncovered the interplay between lattice misfit strain and topographically varying surface potential within the moiré unit cell, which significantly alters the nucleation process. We also show that the structural organization of colloids within moiré regions primarily depends on the moiré angle, and by tuning it, multiple levels of hierarchy can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manodeep Mondal
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560064, India
| | - Rajesh Ganapathy
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560064, India
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3
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Gao ZY, Xu W, Gao Y, Guzman R, Guo H, Wang X, Zheng Q, Zhu Z, Zhang YY, Lin X, Huan Q, Li G, Zhang L, Zhou W, Gao HJ. Experimental Realization of Atomic Monolayer Si 9 C 15. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204779. [PMID: 35816107 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer Six Cy constitutes an important family of 2D materials that is predicted to feature a honeycomb structure and appreciable bandgaps. However, due to its binary chemical nature and the lack of bulk polymorphs with a layered structure, the fabrication of such materials has so far been challenging. Here, the synthesis of atomic monolayer Si9 C15 on Ru (0001) and Rh(111) substrates is reported. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations is used to infer that the 2D lattice of Si9 C15 is a buckled honeycomb structure. Monolayer Si9 C15 shows semiconducting behavior with a bandgap of ≈1.9 eV. Remarkably, the Si9 C15 lattice remains intact after exposure to ambient conditions, indicating good air stability. The present work expands the 2D-materials library and provides a promising platform for future studies in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yan Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenpeng Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Roger Guzman
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhili Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qing Huan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Geng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Zhang Z, Hu J, Yang P, Pan S, Quan W, Li N, Zhu L, Zhang Y. Modulating the periods and electronic properties of striped moiré superstructures for monolayer WSe 2 on Au(100) by varied interface coupling. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7720-7728. [PMID: 35579051 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01442d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices formed by the stacking of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide lattices on substrate lattices have been reported to imply a crucial effect on the electronic properties of 2D materials (e.g., band gap, doping level) and their physical properties. Herein, we report the direct observation of various striped moiré superstructures for monolayer WSe2 on the Au(100) facet, due to the lattice symmetry difference and relative rotation. The periodicities or the inter-stripe distances for striped superstructures fall in a range of 0-15 nm or 0-3 nm after relatively low or high temperature annealing processes, respectively. The diverse striped moiré superstructures then served as perfect platforms for examining the electronic band gap tunability for monolayer WSe2/Au(100) by using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS), which increases from ∼1.59 eV to ∼1.90 eV with increasing moiré periods from ∼1.62 to ∼11.58 nm. The coupling strength of monolayer WSe2/Au(100) with various striped patterns is thus proposed to be modulated by the different relative orientations. This work should hereby provide some fundamental references for the domain orientation control, interface coupling strength, and application explorations of two-dimensional layered materials in future electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyuan Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenzhi Quan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijie Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Waleska NJ, Düll F, Bachmann P, Hemauer F, Steinhauer J, Papp C. Reactivity and Passivation of Fe Nanoclusters on h-BN/Rh(111). Chemistry 2021; 27:17087-17093. [PMID: 34342077 PMCID: PMC9290904 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of iron nanocluster arrays on h‐BN/Rh(111) was studied using in situ high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology and reactivity of the iron nanoclusters (Fe‐NCs) were investigated by CO adsorption. On‐top and hollow/edge sites were determined to be the available adsorption sites on the as‐prepared Fe‐NCs and CO dissociation was observed at 300 K. C‐ and O‐precovered Fe‐NCs showed no catalytic activity towards CO dissociation because the hollow/edge sites were blocked by the C and O atoms. Therefore, these adsorption sites were identified to be the most active sites of the Fe‐NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Waleska
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Düll
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Hemauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johann Steinhauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Zhang L, Dong J, Guan Z, Zhang X, Ding F. The alignment-dependent properties and applications of graphene moiré superstructures on the Ru(0001) surface. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12831-12839. [PMID: 32515760 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02370a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The moiré superstructure of graphene on a lattice-mismatched metal substrate has profound effects on the electronic properties of graphene and can be used for many applications. Here, we propose to systematically tune the moiré superstructure of graphene on the Ru(0001) surface by rotating the graphene layer. Our study reveals two kinds of graphene moiré superstructures: (i) the ultra-flat graphene layers with height variations of less than 0.1 Å for rotation angles greater than 20° that have the same structural and electronic properties everywhere, and (ii) the highly corrugated graphene moiré superstructures with height variations from 0.4 to 1.6 Å for rotation angles less than 20°, whose electronic properties are highly modulated by the interaction with the substrate. Moreover, these rotated graphene moiré superstructures can serve as templates to produce matrices of size-tunable metal clusters from a few to ∼100 atoms. This study reveals the causes of the structural fluctuation of moiré superstructures of graphene on the transition metal surface and suggests a pathway to tune graphene's electronic properties for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leining Zhang
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
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8
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Vincent T, Voloshina E, Pons S, Simon S, Fonin M, Wang K, Paulus B, Roditchev D, Dedkov Y, Vlaic S. Quantum Well States for Graphene Spin-Texture Engineering. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1594-1600. [PMID: 32013453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The modification of graphene band structure, in particular via induced spin-orbit coupling, is currently a great challenge for the scientific community from both a fundamental and applied point of view. Here, we investigate the modification of the electronic structure of graphene (gr) initially adsorbed on Ir(111) via intercalation of one monolayer Pd by means of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory. We reveal that for the gr/Pd/Ir(111) intercalated system, a spin splitting of graphene π states higher than 200 meV is present near the graphene K point. This spin separation arises from the hybridization of the graphene valence band states with spin-polarized quantum well states of a single Pd layer on Ir(111). Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach on the tailoring of the dimensionality of heavy materials interfaced with a graphene layer might lead to a giant spin-orbit splitting of the graphene valence band states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vincent
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux , ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 8213, Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ. Paris 06, 75005 Paris , France
| | - Elena Voloshina
- Department of Physics , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , 200444 Shanghai , China
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry , Southern Federal University , 344090 Rostov on Don , Russia
| | - Stéphane Pons
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux , ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 8213, Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ. Paris 06, 75005 Paris , France
| | - Sabina Simon
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , 78457 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Mikhail Fonin
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , 78457 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Kangli Wang
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Dimitri Roditchev
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux , ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 8213, Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ. Paris 06, 75005 Paris , France
- INSP , UPMC Paris 6 and CNRS-UMR 7588, 4 place Jussieu , 75252 Paris , France
| | - Yuriy Dedkov
- Department of Physics , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , 200444 Shanghai , China
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry , Southern Federal University , 344090 Rostov on Don , Russia
| | - Sergio Vlaic
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux , ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 8213, Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ. Paris 06, 75005 Paris , France
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9
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Ansari AS, Chern ZY, Cai PY, Huang YW, Liao GJ, Wang JH, Luo MF. Distinct dependence on size of Pt and Rh nanoclusters on graphene/Pt(111) in the decomposition of methanol-d 4. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224707. [PMID: 31837670 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pt and Rh nanoclusters, grown on deposition of Pt and Rh vapors onto graphene/Pt(111), show separate reactivity toward the decomposition of methanol-d4. The Pt (Rh) clusters had a mean diameter 2.0-3.5 nm (2.1-4.0 nm) and height 0.45-0.94 nm (0.41-0.9 nm) evolving with the coverage; they were structurally ordered, having an fcc phase and growing in (111) orientation, and had lattice constants similar to their bulk values. Methanol-d4 on the Pt clusters did not decompose but desorbed mostly, disparate from that on Pt(111) surface; the disparity arose as the adsorption energies of methanol-d4 on most surface sites of the Pt clusters became smaller than their single crystal counterpart. This size effect, nevertheless, did not apply on the Rh clusters, despite their similar atomic stacking; the Rh clusters showed a reactivity similar to that of the Rh(111) surface because the adsorption energies of methanol-d4 on both Rh clusters and Rh(111) are comparable. The distinct size dependence was rationalized through their electronic structures and charge distribution of Fukui function mapping. Our results suggest that reactive transition metals do not necessarily become more reactive while they are scaled down to nanoscale; their reactivity evolves with their size in a manner largely dependent on their electronic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ansari
- Department of Physics, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Road, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Ying Chern
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yang Cai
- Department of Physics, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Road, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Huang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Road, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jr Liao
- Department of Physics, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Road, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Han Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Fan Luo
- Department of Physics, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Road, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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10
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Song A, Shi R, Lu H, Gao L, Li Q, Guo H, Liu Y, Zhang J, Ma Y, Tang X, Du S, Li X, Liu X, Hu YZ, Gao HJ, Luo J, Ma TB. Modeling Atomic-Scale Electrical Contact Quality Across Two-Dimensional Interfaces. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3654-3662. [PMID: 31088050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contacting interfaces with physical isolation and weak interactions usually act as barriers for electrical conduction. The electrical contact conductance across interfaces has long been correlated with the true contact area or the "contact quantity". Much of the physical understanding of the interfacial electrical contact quality was primarily based on Landauer's theory or Richardson formulation. However, a quantitative model directly connecting contact conductance to interfacial atomistic structures still remains absent. Here, we measure the atomic-scale local electrical contact conductance instead of local electronic surface states in graphene/Ru(0001) superstructure, via atomically resolved conductive atomic force microscopy. By defining the "quality" of individual atom-atom contact as the carrier tunneling probability along the interatomic electron transport pathways, we establish a relationship between the atomic-scale contact quality and local interfacial atomistic structure. This real-space model unravels the atomic-level spatial modulation of contact conductance, and the twist angle-dependent interlayer conductance between misoriented graphene layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ruoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Qunyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- AML, CNMM, School of Aerospace Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yanmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Shixuan Du
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xin Li
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jianbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Tian-Bao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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11
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12
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Cheng F, Hu Z, Xu H, Shao Y, Su J, Chen Z, Ji W, Loh KP. Interface Engineering of Au(111) for the Growth of 1T'-MoSe 2. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2316-2323. [PMID: 30632743 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phase-controlled synthesis of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is of great interest due to the distinct properties of the different phases. However, it is challenging to prepare metallic phase of group-VI TMDCs due to their metastability. At the monolayer level, interface engineering can be used to stabilize the metastable phase. Here, we demonstrate the selective growth of either single-layer 1H- or 1T'-MoSe2 on Au(111) by molecular-beam epitaxy; the two phases can be unambiguously distinguished using scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy. While the growth of 1H-MoSe2 is favorable on pristine Au(111), the growth of 1T'-MoSe2 is promoted by the predeposition of Se on Au(111). The selective growth of the 1T'-MoSe2 on Se-pretreated Au(111) is attributed to the Mo intercalation induced stabilization of the 1T' phase, which is supported by density functional theory calculations. In addition, 1T' twin boundaries and 1H-1T' heterojunctions were observed and found to exhibit enhanced tunnelling conductivity. The substrate pretreatment approach for phase-controlled epitaxy could be applicable to other group-VI TMDCs grown on Au (111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 117543 Singapore
| | - Zhixin Hu
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Institute of Science , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Hai Xu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 117543 Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre , National University of Singapore 117546 , Singapore
| | - Yan Shao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 117543 Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre , National University of Singapore 117546 , Singapore
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 117543 Singapore
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 117543 Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre , National University of Singapore 117546 , Singapore
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13
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Halle J, Mehler A, Néel N, Kröger J. Preparation of graphene bilayers on platinum by sequential chemical vapour deposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3140-3144. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07569g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pt deposition reactivates graphene-covered Pt(111) for the epitaxy of a second graphene sheet and subsequent formation of bilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Halle
- Institut für Physik
- Technische Universität Ilmenau
- D-98693 Ilmenau
- Germany
| | - Alexander Mehler
- Institut für Physik
- Technische Universität Ilmenau
- D-98693 Ilmenau
- Germany
| | - Nicolas Néel
- Institut für Physik
- Technische Universität Ilmenau
- D-98693 Ilmenau
- Germany
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Physik
- Technische Universität Ilmenau
- D-98693 Ilmenau
- Germany
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14
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Will M, Atodiresei N, Caciuc V, Valerius P, Herbig C, Michely T. A Monolayer of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Ir(111) as a Template for Cluster Superlattices. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6871-6880. [PMID: 29920200 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The moiré of a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride on Ir(111) is found to be a template for Ir, C, and Au cluster superlattices. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, the cluster structure and epitaxial relation to the substrate, the cluster binding site, the role of defects, as well as the thermal stability of the cluster lattice are investigated. The Ir and C cluster superlattices display a high thermal stability, before they decay by intercalation and Smoluchowski ripening. Ab initio calculations explain the extraordinarily strong Ir cluster binding through selective sp3 rehybridization of boron nitride involving B-Ir cluster bonds and a strengthening of the nitrogen bonds to the Ir substrate in a specific, initially only chemisorbed valley area within the moiré.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Will
- II. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Cologne D-50937 , Germany
| | - Nicolae Atodiresei
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-1) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-1) , Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA , Jülich D-52425 , Germany
| | - Vasile Caciuc
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-1) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-1) , Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA , Jülich D-52425 , Germany
| | - Philipp Valerius
- II. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Cologne D-50937 , Germany
| | - Charlotte Herbig
- II. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Cologne D-50937 , Germany
| | - Thomas Michely
- II. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Cologne D-50937 , Germany
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15
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Vlaic S, Rougemaille N, Artaud A, Renard V, Huder L, Rouvière JL, Kimouche A, Santos B, Locatelli A, Guisset V, David P, Chapelier C, Magaud L, Canals B, Coraux J. Graphene as a Mechanically Active, Deformable Two-Dimensional Surfactant. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2523-2531. [PMID: 29688019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In crystal growth, surfactants are additive molecules used in dilute amount or as dense, permeable layers to control surface morphologies. We investigate the properties of a strikingly different surfactant: a 2D and covalent layer with close atomic packing, graphene. Using in situ, real-time electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, and continuum mechanics calculations, we reveal why metallic atomic layers can grow in a 2D manner below an impermeable graphene membrane. Upon metal growth, graphene dynamically opens nanochannels called wrinkles, facilitating mass transport while at the same time storing and releasing elastic energy via lattice distortions. Graphene thus behaves as a mechanically active, deformable surfactant. The wrinkle-driven mass transport of the metallic layer intercalated between graphene and the substrate is observed for two graphene-based systems, characterized by different physicochemical interactions, between graphene and the substrate and between the intercalated material and graphene. The deformable surfactant character of graphene that we unveil should then apply to a broad variety of species, opening new avenues for using graphene as a 2D surfactant forcing the growth of flat films, nanostructures, and unconventional crystalline phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vlaic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL , Grenoble INP , 38000 Grenoble , France
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University , CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 6 , 10 rue Vauquelin , Paris F-75005 , France
| | - Nicolas Rougemaille
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL , Grenoble INP , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Alexandre Artaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CEA, INAC, PHELIQS, MEM , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Vincent Renard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CEA, INAC, PHELIQS, MEM , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Loïc Huder
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CEA, INAC, PHELIQS, MEM , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Jean-Luc Rouvière
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CEA, INAC, PHELIQS, MEM , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Amina Kimouche
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL , Grenoble INP , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Benito Santos
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park , I-34149 Basovizza , Trieste , Italy
| | - Andrea Locatelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park , I-34149 Basovizza , Trieste , Italy
| | - Valérie Guisset
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL , Grenoble INP , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Philippe David
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL , Grenoble INP , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Claude Chapelier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CEA, INAC, PHELIQS, MEM , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Laurence Magaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL , Grenoble INP , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Benjamin Canals
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL , Grenoble INP , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Johann Coraux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL , Grenoble INP , 38000 Grenoble , France
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16
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Mishra S, Krzeszewski M, Pignedoli CA, Ruffieux P, Fasel R, Gryko DT. On-surface synthesis of a nitrogen-embedded buckybowl with inverse Stone-Thrower-Wales topology. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1714. [PMID: 29712921 PMCID: PMC5928119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Curved π-conjugated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, buckybowls, constitute an important class of materials with wide applications in materials science. Heteroatom doping of buckybowls is a viable route to tune their intrinsic physicochemical properties. However, synthesis of heteroatom-doped buckybowls is a challenging task. We report on a combined in-solution and on-surface synthetic strategy toward the fabrication of a buckybowl containing two fused nitrogen-doped pentagonal rings. We employ ultra-high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, in combination with density functional theory calculations to characterize the final compound. The buckybowl contains a unique combination of non-hexagonal rings at its core, identified as the inverse Stone–Thrower–Wales topology, resulting in a distinctive bowl-opening-down conformation of the buckybowl on the surface. Our controlled design of non-alternant, heteroatom-doped polycyclic aromatic frameworks with established bottom-up fabrication techniques opens new opportunities in the synthesis of carbon nanostructures with the perspective of engineering properties of graphene-based devices. Heteroatom doping of buckybowls is a viable route to tune their intrinsic physico-chemical properties, but their synthesis remains challenging. Here, the authors report on a combined in-solution and on-surface synthetic strategy towards the fabrication of a buckybowl containing two fused nitrogen-doped pentagonal rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Mishra
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland.
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17
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Simon S, Voloshina E, Tesch J, Förschner F, Enenkel V, Herbig C, Knispel T, Tries A, Kröger J, Dedkov Y, Fonin M. Layer-by-Layer Decoupling of Twisted Graphene Sheets Epitaxially Grown on a Metal Substrate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703701. [PMID: 29450969 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of graphene can be efficiently altered upon interaction with the underlying substrate resulting in a dramatic change of charge carrier behavior. Here, the evolution of the local electronic properties of epitaxial graphene on a metal upon the controlled formation of multilayers, which are produced by intercalation of atomic carbon in graphene/Ir(111), is investigated. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and Landau-level spectroscopy, it is shown that for a monolayer and bilayers with small-angle rotations, Landau levels are fully suppressed, indicating that the metal-graphene interaction is largely confined to the first graphene layer. Bilayers with large twist angles as well as twisted trilayers demonstrate a sequence of pronounced Landau levels characteristic for a free-standing graphene monolayer pointing toward an effective decoupling of the top layer from the metal substrate. These findings give evidence for the controlled preparation of epitaxial graphene multilayers with a different degree of decoupling, which represent an ideal platform for future electronic and spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Simon
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elena Voloshina
- Physics Department, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Julia Tesch
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Felix Förschner
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vivien Enenkel
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Charlotte Herbig
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Köln, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Timo Knispel
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Alexander Tries
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Yuriy Dedkov
- Physics Department, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Mikhail Fonin
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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18
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Li G, Zhang YY, Guo H, Huang L, Lu H, Lin X, Wang YL, Du S, Gao HJ. Epitaxial growth and physical properties of 2D materials beyond graphene: from monatomic materials to binary compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6073-6100. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00286j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances of epitaxial growth of 2D materials beyond graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Li
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation
| | - Hui Guo
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation
| | - Ye-Liang Wang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation
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19
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Qi Y, Han N, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Deng B, Li Q, Liu M, Zhao J, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Strong Adlayer-Substrate Interactions "Break" the Patching Growth of h-BN onto Graphene on Re(0001). ACS NANO 2017; 11:1807-1815. [PMID: 28110522 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hetero-epitaxial growth of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) from the edges of graphene domains or vice versa has been widely observed during synthesis of in-plane heterostructures of h-BN-G on Rh(111), Ir(111), and even Cu foil. We report that on a strongly coupled Re(0001) substrate via a similar two-step sequential growth strategy, h-BN preferably nucleated on the edges of Re(0001) steps rather than on the edges of existing graphene domains. Statistically, one-third of the domain boundaries of graphene and h-BN were patched seamlessly, and the others were characterized by obvious "defect lines" when the total coverage approached a full monolayer. This imperfect merging behavior can be explained by translational misalignment and lattice mismatch of the resulting separated component domains. According to density functional theory calculations, this coexisting patching and non-patching growth behavior was radically mediated by the strong adlayer-substrate (A-S) interactions, as well as the disparate formation energies of the attachment of B-N pairs or B-N lines along the edges of the Re(0001) steps versus the graphene domains. This work will be of fundamental significance for the controllable synthesis of in-plane heterostructures constructed from two-dimensional layered materials with consideration of A-S interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Han
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education , Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanchang Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhepeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiebo Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Deng
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiucheng Li
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education , Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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20
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Fu Q, Bao X. Surface chemistry and catalysis confined under two-dimensional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1842-1874. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00424e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interfaces between 2D material overlayers and solid surfaces provide confined spaces for chemical processes, which have stimulated new chemistry under a 2D cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- iChEM
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- iChEM
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
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21
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Structural and electronic properties of graphene nanoflakes on Au(111) and Ag(111). Sci Rep 2016; 6:23439. [PMID: 27002297 PMCID: PMC4802307 DOI: 10.1038/srep23439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the electronic properties of graphene nanoflakes on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy as well as density functional theory calculations. Quasiparticle interference mapping allows for the clear distinction of substrate-derived contributions in scattering and those originating from graphene nanoflakes. Our analysis shows that the parabolic dispersion of Au(111) and Ag(111) surface states remains unchanged with the band minimum shifted to higher energies for the regions of the metal surface covered by graphene, reflecting a rather weak interaction between graphene and the metal surface. The analysis of graphene-related scattering on single nanoflakes yields a linear dispersion relation E(k), with a slight p-doping for graphene/Au(111) and a larger n-doping for graphene/Ag(111). The obtained experimental data (doping level, band dispersions around EF, and Fermi velocity) are very well reproduced within DFT-D2/D3 approaches, which provide a detailed insight into the site-specific interaction between graphene and the underlying substrate.
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22
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Curcio D, Omiciuolo L, Pozzo M, Lacovig P, Lizzit S, Jabeen N, Petaccia L, Alfè D, Baraldi A. Molecular Lifting, Twisting, and Curling during Metal-Assisted Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Dehydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3395-402. [PMID: 26829531 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The atomistic understanding of the dissociation mechanisms for large molecules adsorbed on surfaces is still a challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. This is especially true for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which represent an important class of organic compounds used to produce novel graphene-based architectures. Here, we show that coronene molecules adsorbed on Ir(111) undergo major conformational changes during dissociation. They first tilt upward with respect to the surface, still keeping their planar configuration, and subsequently experience a rotation, which changes the molecular axis orientation. Upon lifting, the internal C-C strain is initially relieved; as the dehydrogenation proceeds, the molecules experience a progressive increase in the average interatomic distance and gradually settle to form dome-shaped nanographene flakes. Our results provide important insight into the complex mechanism of molecular breakup, which could have implications in the synthesis of new carbon-based nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Curcio
- Physics Department, University of Trieste , Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Omiciuolo
- Physics Department, University of Trieste , Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Pozzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Thomas Young Centre@UCL, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Lacovig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Lizzit
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Naila Jabeen
- Physics Department, University of Trieste , Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,International Centre for Theoretical Physics , Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy.,Nanosciences & Catalysis Division, National Centre for Physics , Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Luca Petaccia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario Alfè
- Department of Earth Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Thomas Young Centre@UCL, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Baraldi
- Physics Department, University of Trieste , Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.,Laboratorio TASC, IOM-CNR , AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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23
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Yang H, Vu AD, Hallal A, Rougemaille N, Coraux J, Chen G, Schmid AK, Chshiev M. Anatomy and Giant Enhancement of the Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of Cobalt-Graphene Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:145-51. [PMID: 26641927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report strongly enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of Co films by graphene coating from both first-principles and experiments. Our calculations show that graphene can dramatically boost the surface anisotropy of Co films up to twice the value of its pristine counterpart and can extend the out-of-plane effective anisotropy up to unprecedented thickness of 25 Å. These findings are supported by our experiments on graphene coating on Co films grown on Ir substrate. Furthermore, we report layer-resolved and orbital-hybridization-resolved anisotropy analysis, which help understanding of the physical mechanisms of PMA and more practically can help design structures with giant PMA. As an example, we propose superexchange stabilized Co-graphene heterostructures with a robust constant effective PMA and linearly increasing interfacial anisotropy as a function of film thickness. These findings point toward possibilities to engineer graphene/ferromagnetic metal heterostructures with giant magnetic anisotropy more than 20-times larger compared to conventional multilayers, which constitutes a hallmark for future graphene and traditional spintronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Yang
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPINTEC , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, SPINTEC , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, INAC-SPINTEC , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anh Duc Vu
- Univ. Grenoble Alples, Inst. NEEL , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Inst. NEEL , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ali Hallal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPINTEC , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, SPINTEC , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, INAC-SPINTEC , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Rougemaille
- Univ. Grenoble Alples, Inst. NEEL , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Inst. NEEL , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Johann Coraux
- Univ. Grenoble Alples, Inst. NEEL , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Inst. NEEL , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gong Chen
- NCEM, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andreas K Schmid
- NCEM, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPINTEC , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, SPINTEC , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, INAC-SPINTEC , F-38000 Grenoble, France
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24
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Tatti R, Aversa L, Verucchi R, Cavaliere E, Garberoglio G, Pugno NM, Speranza G, Taioli S. Synthesis of single layer graphene on Cu(111) by C60 supersonic molecular beam epitaxy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02274j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High kinetic energy impacts between inorganic surfaces and molecular beams seeded by organics represent a fundamental tool in materials science, particularly when they activate chemical–physical processes leading to nanocrystals' growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tatti
- CNR
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM)
- Sede di Trento
- Italy
| | - Lucrezia Aversa
- CNR
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM)
- Sede di Trento
- Italy
| | - Roberto Verucchi
- CNR
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM)
- Sede di Trento
- Italy
| | - Emanuele Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Nicola Tartaglia & Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (I-LAMP)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
- Brescia
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Garberoglio
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*)
- Bruno Kessler Foundation & Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA-INFN)
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Nicola M. Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering
- University of Trento
- Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Giorgio Speranza
- Center for Materials and Microsystems
- Bruno Kessler Foundation
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Simone Taioli
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*)
- Bruno Kessler Foundation & Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA-INFN)
- Trento
- Italy
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
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25
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Monazami E, Bignardi L, Rudolf P, Reinke P. Strain Lattice Imprinting in Graphene by C60 Intercalation at the Graphene/Cu Interface. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:7421-7430. [PMID: 26426671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation of C60 molecules at the graphene-substrate interface by annealing leads to amorphous and crystalline structures. A comparison of topography and electronic structure with wrinkles and moiré patterns confirms intercalation. The intercalated molecules imprint a local strain/deformation on the graphene layer whose magnitude is controlled by the intermolecular distance. The crystalline intercalated structure exhibits a superlattice peak in the local density of states. This work provides control of local strain in graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Monazami
- University of Virginia , 395 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400745, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4745, United States
| | - L Bignardi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Reinke
- University of Virginia , 395 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400745, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4745, United States
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26
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Dedkov Y, Voloshina E. Graphene growth and properties on metal substrates. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:303002. [PMID: 26151341 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/30/303002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-metal interface as one of the interesting graphene-based objects attracts much attention from both application and fundamental science points of view. This paper gives a timely review of the recent experimental works on the growth and the electronic properties of the graphene-metal interfaces. This work makes a link between huge amount of experimental and theoretical data allowing one to understand the influence of the metallic substrate on the electronic properties of a graphene overlayer and how its properties can be modified in a controllable way. The further directions of studies and applications of the graphene-metal interfaces are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Dedkov
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH, Voltastrasse 5, 13355 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Li G, Zhou H, Pan L, Zhang Y, Huang L, Xu W, Du S, Ouyang M, Ferrari AC, Gao HJ. Role of Cooperative Interactions in the Intercalation of Heteroatoms between Graphene and a Metal Substrate. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7099-103. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Li
- Institute
of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Institute
of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Lida Pan
- Institute
of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute
of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute
of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Institute
of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute
of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Min Ouyang
- Department
of Physics and Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Andrea C. Ferrari
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute
of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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28
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Cattelan M, Peng GW, Cavaliere E, Artiglia L, Barinov A, Roling LT, Favaro M, Píš I, Nappini S, Magnano E, Bondino F, Gavioli L, Agnoli S, Mavrikakis M, Granozzi G. The nature of the Fe-graphene interface at the nanometer level. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2450-2460. [PMID: 25565421 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04956j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The emerging fields of graphene-based magnetic and spintronic devices require a deep understanding of the interface between graphene and ferromagnetic metals. This paper reports a detailed investigation at the nanometer level of the Fe-graphene interface carried out by angle-resolved photoemission, high-resolution photoemission from core levels, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure, scanning tunnelling microscopy and spin polarized density functional theory calculations. Quasi-free-standing graphene was grown on Pt(111), and the iron film was either deposited atop or intercalated beneath graphene. Calculations and experimental results show that iron strongly modifies the graphene band structure and lifts its π band spin degeneracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cattelan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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29
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Qi Y, Zhou X, Liu M, Li Q, Ma D, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Controllable synthesis of graphene using novel aromatic 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene molecules on Rh(111). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12848j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3,5-Triethynylbenzene is selected as carbon precursor for graphene synthesis on Rh(111). The temperature-programmed annealing and direct annealing growth pathways are designed to synthesize high-quality graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
| | - Xiebo Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
| | - Qiucheng Li
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
| | - Donglin Ma
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
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30
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31
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Cosma DA, Wallbank JR, Cheianov V, Fal'ko VI. Moiré pattern as a magnifying glass for strain and dislocations in van der Waals heterostructures. Faraday Discuss 2014; 173:137-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Petrović M, Šrut Rakić I, Runte S, Busse C, Sadowski JT, Lazić P, Pletikosić I, Pan ZH, Milun M, Pervan P, Atodiresei N, Brako R, Šokčević D, Valla T, Michely T, Kralj M. The mechanism of caesium intercalation of graphene. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2772. [PMID: 24212475 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of many layered materials, including copper- and iron-based superconductors, topological insulators, graphite and epitaxial graphene, can be manipulated by the inclusion of different atomic and molecular species between the layers via a process known as intercalation. For example, intercalation in graphite can lead to superconductivity and is crucial in the working cycle of modern batteries and supercapacitors. Intercalation involves complex diffusion processes along and across the layers; however, the microscopic mechanisms and dynamics of these processes are not well understood. Here we report on a novel mechanism for intercalation and entrapment of alkali atoms under epitaxial graphene. We find that the intercalation is adjusted by the van der Waals interaction, with the dynamics governed by defects anchored to graphene wrinkles. Our findings are relevant for the future design and application of graphene-based nano-structures. Similar mechanisms can also have a role for intercalation of layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Petrović
- Institut za fiziku, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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33
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Bianchini F, Patera LL, Peressi M, Africh C, Comelli G. Atomic Scale Identification of Coexisting Graphene Structures on Ni(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:467-73. [PMID: 26276594 DOI: 10.1021/jz402609d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Through a combined scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) approach, we provide a full characterization of the different chemisorbed configurations of epitaxial graphene coexisting on the Ni(111) single crystal surface. Top-fcc, top-hcp, and top-bridge are found to be stable structures with comparable adsorption energy. By comparison of experiments and simulations, we solve an existing debate, unambiguously distinguishing these configurations in high-resolution STM images and characterizing the transitions between adjacent domains. Such transitions, described in detail through atomistic models, occur not only via sharp domain boundaries, with extended defects, but predominantly via smooth in-plane distortions of the carbon network, without disruption of the hexagonal rings, which are expected not to significantly affect electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bianchini
- †Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Alfonso Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laerte L Patera
- †Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Alfonso Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- ‡IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, s.s. 14 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Peressi
- †Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Alfonso Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- §IOM-CNR DEMOCRITOS Theory@Elettra Group, Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, s.s. 14 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- ∥Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Unità di ricerca di Trieste, piazzale Europa 1, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Africh
- ‡IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, s.s. 14 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Comelli
- †Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Alfonso Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- ‡IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, s.s. 14 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- ⊥Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT), Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Alfonso Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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34
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Stojanov P, Voloshina E, Dedkov Y, Schmitt S, Haenke T, Thissen A. Graphene on Rh(111): Combined DFT, STM, and NC-AFM Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Schumacher S, Wehling TO, Lazić P, Runte S, Förster DF, Busse C, Petrović M, Kralj M, Blügel S, Atodiresei N, Caciuc V, Michely T. The backside of graphene: manipulating adsorption by intercalation. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:5013-5019. [PMID: 24131290 DOI: 10.1021/nl402797j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ease by which graphene is affected through contact with other materials is one of its unique features and defines an integral part of its potential for applications. Here, it will be demonstrated that intercalation, the insertion of atomic layers in between the backside of graphene and the supporting substrate, is an efficient tool to change its interaction with the environment on the frontside. By partial intercalation of graphene on Ir(111) with Eu or Cs we induce strongly n-doped graphene patches through the contact with these intercalants. They coexist with nonintercalated, slightly p-doped graphene patches. We employ these backside doping patterns to directly visualize doping induced binding energy differences of ionic adsorbates to graphene through low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Density functional theory confirms these binding energy differences and shows that they are related to the graphene doping level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schumacher
- II. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
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36
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Strain and curvature induced evolution of electronic band structures in twisted graphene bilayer. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2159. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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37
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Gao Y, Zhang Y, Chen P, Li Y, Liu M, Gao T, Ma D, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Qiu X, Duan W, Liu Z. Toward single-layer uniform hexagonal boron nitride-graphene patchworks with zigzag linking edges. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:3439-3443. [PMID: 23758663 DOI: 10.1021/nl4021123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The atomic layer of hybridized hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene has attracted a great deal of attention after the pioneering work of P. M. Ajayan et al. on Cu foils because of their unusual electronic properties (Ci, L. J.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 430-435). However, many fundamental issues are still not clear, including the in-plane atomic continuity as well as the edge type at the boundary of hybridized h-BN and graphene domains. To clarify these issues, we have successfully grown a perfect single-layer h-BN-graphene (BNC) patchwork on a selected Rh(111) substrate, via a two-step patching growth approach. With the ideal sample, we convinced that at the in-plane linking interface, graphene and h-BN can be linked perfectly at an atomic scale. More importantly, we found that zigzag linking edges were preferably formed, as demonstrated by atomic-scale scanning tunneling microscopy images, which was also theoretically verified using density functional theory calculations. We believe the experimental and theoretical works are of particular importance to obtain a fundamental understanding of the BNC hybrid and to establish a deliberate structural control targeting high-performance electronic and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Gao
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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38
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Schumacher S, Förster DF, Rösner M, Wehling TO, Michely T. Strain in epitaxial graphene visualized by intercalation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:086111. [PMID: 23473177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.086111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation of Eu under graphene on Ir(111) results in patterns oriented along the graphene moiré and quantized in size by its unit mesh. The patterns are formed by stripes, compact islands, and channels. Over a wide range of intercalated amounts the step concentration of the pattern has a rather constant saturation value. These findings are explained by the chemically modulated binding of graphene to the substrate and the preexisting strain in graphene due to its cooldown from the growth temperature. Local variations in the intercalation step density appear to reflect local variations in the preexisting strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schumacher
- II Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany.
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39
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Voloshina EN, Fertitta E, Garhofer A, Mittendorfer F, Fonin M, Thissen A, Dedkov YS. Electronic structure and imaging contrast of graphene moiré on metals. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1072. [PMID: 23330062 PMCID: PMC3547320 DOI: 10.1038/srep01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Realization of graphene moiré superstructures on the surface of 4d and 5d transition metals offers templates with periodically modulated electron density, which is responsible for a number of fascinating effects, including the formation of quantum dots and the site selective adsorption of organic molecules or metal clusters on graphene. Here, applying the combination of scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy and the density functional theory calculations, we gain a profound insight into the electronic and topographic contributions to the imaging contrast of the epitaxial graphene/Ir(111) system. We show directly that in STM imaging the electronic contribution is prevailing compared to the topographic one. In the force microscopy and spectroscopy experiments we observe a variation of the interaction strength between the tip and high-symmetry places within the graphene moiré supercell, which determine the adsorption sites for molecules or metal clusters on graphene/Ir(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Voloshina
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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40
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Gotterbarm K, Zhao W, Höfert O, Gleichweit C, Papp C, Steinrück HP. Growth and oxidation of graphene on Rh(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:19625-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Liu M, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Gao Y, Gao T, Ma D, Ji Q, Zhang Y, Li C, Liu Z. Thinning segregated graphene layers on high carbon solubility substrates of rhodium foils by tuning the quenching process. ACS NANO 2012; 6:10581-10589. [PMID: 23157621 DOI: 10.1021/nn3047154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of large-scale uniform graphene films on high carbon solubility substrates of Rh foils for the first time using an ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition method. We find that, by increasing the cooling rate in the growth process, the thickness of graphene can be tuned from multilayer to monolayer, resulting from the different segregation amount of carbon atoms from bulk to surface. The growth feature was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. We also find that bilayer or few-layer graphene prefers to stack deviating from the Bernal stacking geometry, with the formation of versatile moiré patterns. On the basis of these results, we put forward a segregation growth mechanism for graphene growth on Rh foils. Of particular importance, we propose that this randomly stacked few-layer graphene can be a model system for exploring some fantastic physical properties such as van Hove singularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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42
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Larciprete R, Ulstrup S, Lacovig P, Dalmiglio M, Bianchi M, Mazzola F, Hornekær L, Orlando F, Baraldi A, Hofmann P, Lizzit S. Oxygen switching of the epitaxial graphene-metal interaction. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9551-9558. [PMID: 23051045 DOI: 10.1021/nn302729j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using photoemission spectroscopy techniques, we show that oxygen intercalation is achieved on an extended layer of epitaxial graphene on Ir(111), which results in the "lifting" of the graphene layer and in its decoupling from the metal substrate. The oxygen adsorption below graphene proceeds as on clean Ir(111), giving only a slightly higher oxygen coverage. Upon lifting, the C 1s signal shows a downshift in binding energy, due to the charge transfer to graphene from the oxygen-covered metal surface. Moreover, the characteristic spectral signatures of the graphene-substrate interaction in the valence band are removed, and the spectrum of strongly hole-doped, quasi free-standing graphene with a single Dirac cone around the K point is observed. The oxygen can be deintercalated by annealing, and this process takes place at around T = 600 K, in a rather abrupt way. A small amount of carbon atoms is lost, implying that graphene has been etched. After deintercalation graphene restores its interaction with the Ir(111) substrate. Additional intercalation/deintercalation cycles readily occur at lower oxygen doses and temperatures, consistently with an increasingly defective lattice. Our findings demonstrate that oxygen intercalation is an efficient method for fully decoupling an extended layer of graphene from a metal substrate, such as Ir(111). They pave the way for the fundamental research on graphene, where extended, ordered layers of free-standing graphene are important and, due to the stability of the intercalated system in a wide temperature range, also for the advancement of next-generation graphene-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Larciprete
- CNR-Institute for Complex Systems, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
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43
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Yan W, Liu M, Dou RF, Meng L, Feng L, Chu ZD, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Nie JC, He L. Angle-dependent van Hove singularities in a slightly twisted graphene bilayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:126801. [PMID: 23005971 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that two low-energy van Hove singularities (VHSs) seen as two pronounced peaks in the density of states could be induced in a twisted graphene bilayer. Here, we report angle-dependent VHSs of a slightly twisted graphene bilayer studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We show that energy difference of the two VHSs follows ΔE(vhs)∼ℏν(F)ΔK between 1.0° and 3.0° [here ν(F)∼1.1 × 10(6) m/s is the Fermi velocity of monolayer graphene, and ΔK = 2Ksin(θ/2) is the shift between the corresponding Dirac points of the twisted graphene bilayer]. This result indicates that the rotation angle between graphene sheets does not result in a significant reduction of the Fermi velocity, which quite differs from that predicted by band structure calculations. However, around a twisted angle θ∼1.3°, the observed ΔE(vhs)∼0.11 eV is much smaller than the expected value ℏν(F)ΔK∼0.28 eV at 1.3°. The origin of the reduction of ΔE(vhs) at 1.3° is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, People's Republic of China
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44
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Gao T, Gao Y, Chang C, Chen Y, Liu M, Xie S, He K, Ma X, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Atomic-scale morphology and electronic structure of manganese atomic layers underneath epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001). ACS NANO 2012; 6:6562-6568. [PMID: 22861188 DOI: 10.1021/nn302303n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of a novel epitaxial graphene(EG)/Mn/SiC(0001) sandwiched structure through the intercalation of as-deposited Mn atoms on graphene surfaces, with the aid of scanning tunneling microscope, low energy electron diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We found that Mn can intercalate below both sp(3)-hybridized carbon-rich interface layer and monolayer graphene, along with the formation of various embedded Mn islands showing different surface morphologies. The unique trait of the sandwiched system is that the strong interaction between the carbon-rich interface layer and SiC(0001) can be decoupled to some degrees, and contemporaneous, an n-doping effect is observed by mapping the energy band of the system using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Moreover, what deserves our special attention is that the intercalated islands can only evolve below monolayer graphene when a bilayer coexists, accounting for an intriguing graphene thickness-dependent intercalation effect. In the long run, we believe that the construction of graphene/Mn/SiC(0001) systems offers ideal candidates for exploring some intriguing physical properties such as the magnetic property of two-dimensional transition metal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Gao
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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45
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Castellanos-Gomez A, Wojtaszek M, Tombros N, van Wees BJ. Reversible hydrogenation and bandgap opening of graphene and graphite surfaces probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:1607-1613. [PMID: 22431189 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of hydrogenation on the topography and electronic properties of graphene and graphite surfaces are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The surfaces are chemically modified using an Ar/H(2) plasma. By analyzing thousands of scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements it is determined that the hydrogen chemisorption on the surface of graphite/graphene opens on average an energy bandgap of 0.4 eV around the Fermi level. Although the plasma treatment modifies the surface topography in an irreversible way, the change in the electronic properties can be reversed by moderate thermal annealing and the samples can be hydrogenated again to yield a similar, but slightly reduced, semiconducting behavior after the second hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Castellanos-Gomez
- Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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