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Junisu BA, Sun YS. Hierarchical Surface Instability in Polymer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15249-15259. [PMID: 37862459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates hierarchical instabilities in thin films. The hierarchical instabilities display three morphological characteristics: (1) windmill-like patterns at the macroscale, (2) Bénard cells and striations at the microscale, and (3) holes at the mesoscale. Such hierarchical instabilities occurred when spin coating was performed on high-volatile solutions under a high relative humidity (RH) but were suppressed when spin coating was performed on low-volatile solutions regardless of the RH. The high-volatile solutions comprise poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) in methanol or ethanol. The low-volatility solutions comprise P4VP in propanol or butanol. P4VP molecular weights, P4VP concentrations, spin rates, and film thicknesses are not vital factors in forming hierarchical instability in spin-coated P4VP films. Instead, the formation of hierarchical instabilities depends on the RH and solvent types. Namely, the hierarchical instabilities are driven by Bénard-Marangoni convection, water vapor condensation, and disturbance of spin-up and spin-off stages during spin coating of highly volatile solutions under high RH. Mechanisms of hierarchical instabilities are interpreted in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belda Amelia Junisu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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2
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Junisu BA, Ching-Ya Chang I, Sun YS. Film Instability Induced by Swelling and Drying. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13009-13020. [PMID: 36263886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-vinyl pyridine), P2VP, films display a surface pattern of craters in a dried state after being immersed in aqueous solutions containing HAuCl4 and its mixtures with low contents of K2CO3. The morphologies of craters indicate that the formation of craters involves three stages through film blistering and drying: (i) the permeability of water and solutes to swell P2VP films, (ii) partial wetting of liquid droplets near the substrate interface in the presence of the P2VP film, and (iii) evaporation-driven flows. The three stages produce the swelling pressure, Laplace pressure, and interplays among capillary flows, Marangoni flows, and pinning effects, respectively, by which craters of different dimensions and morphologies are obtained. The first stage softens the P2VP films and produces swelling pressure. This stage relies on interactions between AuCl4- ions, water, and protonated P2VP chains. The second stage produces liquid droplets inside the film and near the substrate interface. The surface tensions of those liquid droplets at contact lines deform swollen P2VP films. Changing film thicknesses or substrate types alters craters' lateral dimension and depth. The results indicate that film thicknesses and substrate interface energies influence the shape and dimension of liquid droplets on the substrate interface. The third stage determines morphologies of craters through interplays among capillary flows, Marangoni flows, and pinning/depinning events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belda Amelia Junisu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Iris Ching-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
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3
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Lee G, Zarei M, Wei Q, Zhu Y, Lee SG. Surface Wrinkling for Flexible and Stretchable Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203491. [PMID: 36047645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanolithography, miniaturization, and material science, along with developments in wearable electronics, are pushing the frontiers of sensor technology into the large-scale fabrication of highly sensitive, flexible, stretchable, and multimodal detection systems. Various strategies, including surface engineering, have been developed to control the electrical and mechanical characteristics of sensors. In particular, surface wrinkling provides an effective alternative for improving both the sensing performance and mechanical deformability of flexible and stretchable sensors by releasing interfacial stress, preventing electrical failure, and enlarging surface areas. In this study, recent developments in the fabrication strategies of wrinkling structures for sensor applications are discussed. The fundamental mechanics, geometry control strategies, and various fabricating methods for wrinkling patterns are summarized. Furthermore, the current state of wrinkling approaches and their impacts on the development of various types of sensors, including strain, pressure, temperature, chemical, photodetectors, and multimodal sensors, are reviewed. Finally, existing wrinkling approaches, designs, and sensing strategies are extrapolated into future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, South Korea
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, South Korea
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Hu J, Gu R, Mi HY, Jing X, Antwi-Afari MF, Dong B, Liu C, Shen C. Self-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Wrinkled Foams with High Energy Absorption Realized by Gas Cooling Assisted Supercritical CO 2 Foaming. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruixing Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hao-Yang Mi
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Xin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | | | - Binbin Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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5
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Junisu BA, Chang ICY, Lin CC, Sun YS. Surface Wrinkling on Polymer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3907-3916. [PMID: 35298168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of gold precursor solutions are prepared by dissolving HAuCl4 and its mixtures with K2CO3 of different contents in deionized (DI) water. Neat HAuCl4 predominately forms AuCl4- ions in an aqueous solution. In the presence of K2CO3, AuCl4- ions hydrolyze to form [AuCl4-x(OH)x]- complex ions. Increasing the content of K2CO3 in a gold precursor solution increases the content of [AuCl4-x(OH)x]- complex ions and decreases the content of AuCl4- ions. Poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) films of two different molecular weights are deposited on SiOx/Si by spin coating, by which the thicknesses are controlled by polymer weight fractions in butanol. Those P4VP films form periodic wrinkles when immersed in aqueous solutions, followed by drying. The surface wrinkling is induced by swelling pressure that overwhelms the mechanical property of the P4VP film. The periodicity and amplitude of wrinkles grown on the P4VP films strongly correlate with initial thickness, AuCl4- ion content, and residual stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belda Amelia Junisu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Iris Ching-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Tan Y, Hu B, Song J, Chu Z, Wu W. Bioinspired Multiscale Wrinkling Patterns on Curved Substrates: An Overview. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:101. [PMID: 34138101 PMCID: PMC7770713 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The surface wrinkling of biological tissues is ubiquitous in nature. Accumulating evidence suggests that the mechanical force plays a significant role in shaping the biological morphologies. Controlled wrinkling has been demonstrated to be able to spontaneously form rich multiscale patterns, on either planar or curved surfaces. The surface wrinkling on planar substrates has been investigated thoroughly during the past decades. However, most wrinkling morphologies in nature are based on the curved biological surfaces and the research of controllable patterning on curved substrates still remains weak. The study of wrinkling on curved substrates is critical for understanding the biological growth, developing three-dimensional (3D) or four-dimensional (4D) fabrication techniques, and creating novel topographic patterns. In this review, fundamental wrinkling mechanics and recent advances in both fabrications and applications of the wrinkling patterns on curved substrates are summarized. The mechanics behind the wrinkles is compared between the planar and the curved cases. Beyond the film thickness, modulus ratio, and mismatch strain, the substrate curvature is one more significant parameter controlling the surface wrinkling. Curved substrates can be both solid and hollow with various 3D geometries across multiple length scales. Up to date, the wrinkling morphologies on solid/hollow core-shell spheres and cylinders have been simulated and selectively produced. Emerging applications of the curved topographic patterns have been found in smart wetting surfaces, cell culture interfaces, healthcare materials, and actuators, which may accelerate the development of artificial organs, stimuli-responsive devices, and micro/nano fabrications with higher dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Tan
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Biru Hu
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Song
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengyong Chu
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjian Wu
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
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Liang X, Gao M, Xie H, Xu Q, Wu Y, Hu J, Lu A, Zhang L. Controllable Wrinkling Patterns on Chitosan Microspheres Generated from Self-Assembling Metal Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22824-22833. [PMID: 31188553 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Materials with surface wrinkles at a micro/nanoscale possess extraordinary fascinating properties, and various techniques have been employed to create controllable wrinkles. Herein, natural polysaccharide was used to construct the surface wrinkled microsphere with controllable wrinkling patterns. A robust microsphere with an average size of about 55 μm fabricated from chitosan in alkali/urea aqueous solution was swelled and then coated orderly by introducing rigid silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with an average size of about 5 nm as the shell onto the surface through electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly followed by deswelling, resulting in a surface wrinkled microsphere. The significant difference in the swelling behaviors between the stiff Ag shell and swelled chitosan microsphere could generate enough driving forces to form 3D micro- and nanoscale wrinkling surface topography. The surface wrinkled microspheres exhibited the hierarchically porous structure and hydrophobicity, and the topographical patterns could be adjusted by controlling the thickness of the Ag NP layer to achieve the sizes of wrinkling ranging from 60 to 300 nm. It was demonstrated that the wrinkled microspheres were superior as 3D surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, in which the wrinkled structure with spatial periodicity was proved to be effective for enhancing the SERS signal. The microsphere with controllable wrinkled surface topography could be applied to be a miniature 3D device, which promises potential technological applications in various areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Mengyue Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Hongxia Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Jiming Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Ang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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8
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Sun J, Li H, Huang Y, Zheng X, Liu Y, Zhuang J, Wu D. Simple and Affordable Way To Achieve Polymeric Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Biomimetic Hierarchical Roughness. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2750-2757. [PMID: 31459509 PMCID: PMC6648443 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A water contact angle greater than 150° together with a sliding angle less than 10° is a special surface phenomenon that appears on superhydrophobic surfaces. In this paper, a brief introduction of the development history and present research on superhydrophobic surfaces was given. Polymeric superhydrophobic surfaces with biomimetic hierarchical roughness were fabricated by a simple method of hot embossing without any chemical treatments. Stainless steel meshes with different mesh numbers were used as template. Moreover, the influences of processing parameters, including mesh number, mold temperature, and pressure, were deeply investigated. Hierarchical microplatforms, microfibers, and oriented arrayed nanowrinkles structure on them, which were resembled with the nanowrinkles structure and hierarchical roughness on a red rose petal, were observed by a scanning electron microscope. A water contact angle of 154° can be achieved after parameter optimization. The method proposed in this study offered a fine and affordable choice for the fabrication of polymeric superhydrophobic surfaces. With the rapid development of functional applications in micro- and nanodevices, this method will show greater superiority in large-area and large-scale production due to its advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and high reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Sun
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanwen Li
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yao Huang
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiuting Zheng
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Daming Wu
- College
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing 100029, China
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9
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Chen Z, Zhang X, Song J. Surface wrinkling of an elastic graded layer. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8717-8723. [PMID: 30357243 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface instabilities have been extensively studied for homogeneous materials or film/substrate systems but with less studies on elastic graded materials. This paper studies surface wrinkling of an elastic graded layer theoretically, numerically and experimentally. A theoretical model for the onset of surface wrinkling with a sinusoidal mode is established. The predicted critical wrinkling strain and wavelength agree well with finite element analysis (FEA) for the elastic graded layer with exponentially decaying modulus. The influence of the layer thickness as well as the material properties on the critical conditions for the onset of surface wrinkling is fully investigated. The morphology evolution of surface wrinkling from FEA indicates the transitions of the sinusoidal mode to the arch mode and then to the period-doubling mode with a co-existing crease mode and folding mode, which agree well quantitatively with experimental observations. These results are helpful to provide physical insights into the influence of material inhomogeneity on surface instabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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10
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An Q, Huang T, Shi F. Covalent layer-by-layer films: chemistry, design, and multidisciplinary applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5061-5098. [PMID: 29767189 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covalent layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a powerful method used to construct functional ultrathin films that enables nanoscopic structural precision, componential diversity, and flexible design. Compared with conventional LbL films built using multiple noncovalent interactions, LbL films prepared using covalent crosslinking offer the following distinctive characteristics: (i) enhanced film endurance or rigidity; (ii) improved componential diversity when uncharged species or small molecules are stably built into the films by forming covalent bonds; and (iii) increased structural diversity when covalent crosslinking is employed in componential, spacial, or temporal (labile bonds) selective manners. In this review, we document the chemical methods used to build covalent LbL films as well as the film properties and applications achievable using various film design strategies. We expect to translate the achievement in the discipline of chemistry (film-building methods) into readily available techniques for materials engineers and thus provide diverse functional material design protocols to address the energy, biomedical, and environmental challenges faced by the entire scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
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11
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Kwon D, Wooh S, Yoon H, Char K. Mechanoresponsive Tuning of Anisotropic Wetting on Hierarchically Structured Patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4732-4738. [PMID: 29595266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a simple mechanoresponsive system on patterned soft surfaces to manipulate both anisotropy and orientation of liquid wetting. On the poly(dimethylsiloxane) embedding line patterned structures, additional topographies, such as wrinkles and cracks, can be provided by applying compressive and tensile stress, respectively. This tunable hierarchy of structures with the different scales and directions of lines, wrinkles, and cracks allow the mechanoresponsive control of anisotropic wetting in a single platform. In addition, the wetting behavior on those surfaces is precisely investigated based on the concept of critical contact angle to overcome the ridges in a step flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanghyuk Wooh
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsik Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Seoul National University of Science & Technology , Seoul 01811 , Republic of Korea
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Burke JM, Gleitsman K, Friedrich SM, Liu KJ, Wang TH. A Simple Thermoplastic Substrate Containing Hierarchical Silica Lamellae for High-Molecular-Weight DNA Extraction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10630-10636. [PMID: 27862402 PMCID: PMC5234087 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An inexpensive, magnetic thermoplastic nanomaterial is developed utilizing a hierarchical layering of micro- and nanoscale silica lamellae to create a high-surface-area and low-shear substrate capable of capturing vast amounts of ultrahigh-molecular-weight DNA. Extraction is performed via a simple 45 min process and is capable of achieving binding capacities up to 1 000 000 times greater than silica microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency of Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sarah M Friedrich
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Li Y, Li X, Guo W, Wu M, Sun J. Spontaneous wrinkling of layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte films for humidity-responsive superhydrophobicity. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Yu S, Sun Y, Ni Y, Zhang X, Zhou H. Controlled Formation of Surface Patterns in Metal Films Deposited on Elasticity-Gradient PDMS Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5706-14. [PMID: 26859513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlled surface patterns are useful in a wide range of applications including flexible electronics, elastomeric optics, fluidic channels, surface engineering, measurement technique, biological templates, stamps, and sensors. In this work, we report on the controlled formation of surface patterns in metal films deposited on elasticity-gradient polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. Because of the temperature gradient during the curing process, the PDMS substrate in each sample successively changes from a purely liquid state at one side to a purely elastic state at the opposite side. It is found that surface folds appear in the liquid or viscous PDMS region while wrinkles form in the elastic region. In the transition region from the liquid to elastic PDMS, a nested pattern (i.e., the coexisting of folds and wrinkles) can be observed. The folding wave is triggered by the intrinsic stress during the film deposition and its wavelength is independent of the film thickness. The wrinkling wave is induced by the thermal compression after deposition and its wavelength is proportional to the film thickness. The report in this work could promote better understanding of the effect of substrate elasticity on the surface patterns and fabrication of such patterns (folds and wrinkles) by tuning the substrate property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senjiang Yu
- Department of Physics, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Sun
- Department of Physics, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Physics, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physics, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
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15
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Smith-Palmer T, Lin S, Oguejiofor I, Leng T, Pustam A, Yang J, Graham LL, Wyeth RC, Bishop CD, DeMont ME, Pink D. In Situ Confocal Raman Microscopy of Hydrated Early Stages of Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Various Surfaces in a Flow Cell. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:289-301. [PMID: 26903564 DOI: 10.1177/0003702815620539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are precursors to biofouling by other microorganisms. Understanding their initiation may allow us to design better ways to inhibit them, and thus to inhibit subsequent biofouling. In this study, the ability of confocal Raman microscopy to follow the initiation of biofouling by a marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. NCIMB 2021 (NCIMB 2021), in a flow cell, using optical and confocal Raman microscopy, was investigated. The base of the flow cell comprised a cover glass. The cell was inoculated and the bacteria attached to, and grew on, the cover glass. Bright field images and Raman spectra were collected directly from the hydrated biofilms over several days. Although macroscopically the laser had no effect on the biofilm, within the first 24 h cells migrated away from the position of the laser beam. In the absence of flow, a buildup of extracellular substances occurred at the base of the biofilm. When different coatings were applied to cover glasses before they were assembled into the flow cells, the growth rate, structure, and composition of the resulting biofilm was affected. In particular, the ratio of Resonance Raman peaks from cytochrome c (CC) in the extracellular polymeric substances, to the Raman phenylalanine (Phe) peak from protein in the bacteria, depended on both the nature of the surface and the age of the biofilm. The ratios were highest for 24 h colonies on a hydrophobic surface. Absorption of a surfactant with an ethyleneoxy chain into the hydrophobic coating created a surface similar to that given with a simple PEG coating, where bacteria grew in colonies away from the surface rather than along the surface, and CC:Phe ratios were initially low but increased at least fivefold in the first 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truis Smith-Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sicheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ikenna Oguejiofor
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tianyang Leng
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amanda Pustam
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lori L Graham
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Russell C Wyeth
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Cory D Bishop
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M Edwin DeMont
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David Pink
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Chen XC, Ren KF, Chen JY, Wang J, Zhang H, Ji J. Self-wrinkling polyelectrolyte multilayers: construction, smoothing and the underlying mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31168-31174. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05419f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous formation of these surface features can be attributed to swelling-induced film deformation during the assembling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-chao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Ke-feng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jia-yan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - He Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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17
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Lin H, Wang Y, Gan Y, Hou H, Yin J, Jiang X. Simultaneous Formation of a Self-Wrinkled Surface and Silver Nanoparticles on a Functional Photocuring Coating. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11800-11808. [PMID: 26471347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired functional surface with micro/nanostructures are particularly attractive because of the potential for outstanding characteristics, such as self-cleaning, self-replenishing and antibiosis. Here, we presented a facile approach to fabricate a functional photocuring coating with both a self-wrinkling patterned surface and incorporated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Fluorinated polymeric photoinitiator (FPPI) and silver precursor (TFAAg) can self-assemble together on the air/acrylate interface to form a top layer of photocuring liquid resin. Under UV irradiation, a wrinkled pattern was formed as a result of the mismatch in shrinkage caused by photopolymerization between the top layer and the bulk layer. Simultaneously, Ag NPs with sizes of 15 ± 8 nm in diameter were in situ generated in the photocuring coating through the photoreduction of TFAAg. Their number density is higher in the top layer than in the bulk. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements revealed that the characteristic wavelength (λ) and amplitude (A) of the wrinkled morphology increased with growing concentration of FPPI, and that the generation of Ag NPs led to the wrinkle-to-fold transition. Furthermore, the obtained functional coatings possess a low surface energy and self-replenishing and antibiosis capabilities as a result of the synergistic effect of the wrinkled surface covered by FPPI and Ag NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Lin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd. , Shanghai 200436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchang Gan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Hou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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18
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Huang X, Zacharia NS. Functional polyelectrolyte multilayer assemblies for surfaces with controlled wetting behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Texas A&M University, College Station; Texas 77843
| | - Nicole S. Zacharia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Texas A&M University, College Station; Texas 77843
- Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Akron; Akron Ohio 44325
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19
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Rodríguez-Hernández J. Wrinkled interfaces: Taking advantage of surface instabilities to pattern polymer surfaces. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Rodríguez-Hernández J, del Campo A. Fabrication of hierarchical wrinkled morphologies through sequential UVO treatments. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC); C/Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Adolfo del Campo
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV-CSIC); C/Kelsen 5, 28049-Madrid Spain
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21
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Cheng Y, Lu S, Xu W. Controllable wettability of micro- and nano-dendritic structures formed on aluminum substrates. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A stable superhydrophobic surface with excellent anti-corrosion, anti-icing and deicing properties has been fabricated via annealing treatment from a superhydrophilic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Shixiang Lu
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Xu
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
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22
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Yuan H, Singh G, Raghavan D, Al-Enizi AM, Elzatahry A, Karim A. Dispersion morphology and correlation to moduli using buckling metrology in clay-biopolymer nanocomposite thin films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13378-13388. [PMID: 25062299 DOI: 10.1021/am5026819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Structure-interaction-mechanical property correlation in bionanocomposite thin films is an area of growing interest for research and application areas from barrier to molecular transport to UV blocking layers for polymer solar cells to dielectric properties modification. Here we study flow coated ultrathin to thin films (70-150 nm) of clay bionanocomposites to understand the nanoparticle dispersion and its effect on nanomechanical properties. Binary and ternary thin film systems of polylactide (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and Cloisite 30B (C30B) clay platelets were investigated. While C30B was only partially intercalated by PLA, it was almost completely intercalated by PCL due to strong hydrogen bonding. In addition, the dispersion of C30B improved continuously and linearly with increasing PCL content in homogeneously cast blended PLA:PCL. GIWAXS confirmed that the intercalated clay platelets in PLA and PCL were dominantly oriented parallel to the substrate. The method of strain induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) showed that pure PLA and PCL had in-plane modulus unchanged from bulk values for this range of ultrathin-thin films. In PLA/C30B nanocomposite thin films, the in-plane elastic modulus rapidly increased by up to 26% with 2 wt % C30B, but saturated thereafter up to 10 wt % C30B forming C30B aggregates. On the other hand, the in-plane elastic modulus of PCL/C30B thin films increased linearly by up to 43% with 10 wt % C30B due to the higher interaction driven dispersion, results that were shown to fit well with the Halpin-Tsai model. We conclude that the different strengthening behavior came from different interaction driven dispersion states of C30B in polymer matrices, governed by their molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Yuan
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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23
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Yang S, Ju J, Qiu Y, He Y, Wang X, Dou S, Liu K, Jiang L. Peanut leaf inspired multifunctional surfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:294-9. [PMID: 23908145 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature has long served as a source of inspiration for scientists and engineers to design and construct multifunctional artificial materials. The lotus and the peanut are two typical plants living in the aquatic and the arid (or semiarid) habitats, respectively, which have evolved different optimized solutions to survive. For the lotus leaf, an air layer is formed between its surface and water, exhibiting a discontinuous three-phase contact line, which resulted in the low adhesive superhydrophobic self-cleaning effect to avoid the leaf decomposition. In contrast to the lotus leaf, the peanut leaf shows high-adhesive superhydrophobicity, arising from the formation of the quasi-continuous and discontinuous three-phase contact line at the microscale and nanoscale, respectively, which provides a new avenue for the fabrication of high adhesive superhydrophobic materials. Further, this high adhesive and superhydrophobic peanut leaf is proved to be efficient in fog capture. Inspired by the peanut leaf, multifunctional surfaces with structural similarity to the natural peanut leaf are prepared, exhibiting simultaneous superhydrophobicity and high adhesion towards water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
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24
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Cheong S, Kim Y, Kwon T, Kim BJ, Cho J. Inorganic nanoparticle multilayers using photo-crosslinking layer-by-layer assembly and their applications in nonvolatile memory devices. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:12356-12364. [PMID: 24162469 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a general and facile method for the preparation of organic/inorganic nanoparticle (NP) nanocomposite multilayer films that allows vertical growth of various NP layers (i.e., metal or transition metal oxide NPs) in a densely packed structure. Our approach is based on the successive photo-crosslinking layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly between hydrophobic ligands onto a NP surface and photoinitiator (PI) molecules. Therefore, our approach requires neither the additional surface modification needed for well-defined NPs synthesized in organic media nor the deposition step that inserts a polymer layer bridge between adjacent inorganic NP layers in the preparation of traditional LbL-assembled NP films. We also demonstrate that photo-crosslinking LbL-assembled (metal oxide NP)n films could be used as a nonvolatile memory layer without a high-temperature thermal treatment, unlike conventional vacuum-deposition- or sol-gel-derived memory devices, which require thermal treatments at temperatures greater than 200 °C. This robust method could open a facile route for the design of functional NP-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk Cheong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea.
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25
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Li Y, Dai S, John J, Carter KR. Superhydrophobic surfaces from hierarchically structured wrinkled polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:11066-11073. [PMID: 24131534 DOI: 10.1021/am403209r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the creation of superhydrophobic wrinkled surfaces with hierarchical structures at both the nanoscale and microscale. A nanoscale structure with 500 nm line gratings was first fabricated on poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) films by nanoimprint lithography while a secondary micro-scale structure was created by spontaneous wrinkling. Compared with random wrinkles whose patterns show no specific orientation, the hierarchical wrinkles exhibit interesting orientation due to confinement effects of pre-imprinted line patterns. The hierarchically wrinkled surfaces have significantly higher water contact angles than random wrinkled surfaces, exhibiting superhydrophobicity with water contact angles higher than 160° and water sliding angle lower than 5°. The hierarchically structured wrinkled surfaces exhibit tunable wettability from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic and there is an observed transition from anisotropic to isotropic wetting behavior achievable by adjusting the initial film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyong Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9263, United States
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26
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Chen N, Pan Q. Versatile fabrication of ultralight magnetic foams and application for oil-water separation. ACS NANO 2013; 7:6875-83. [PMID: 23875978 DOI: 10.1021/nn4020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultralow-density (<10 mg cm(-3)) materials have many important technological applications; however, most of them were fabricated using either expensive materials or complicated procedures. In this study, ultralight magnetic Fe2O3/C, Co/C, and Ni/C foams (with a density <5 mg cm(-3)) were fabricated on the centimeter scale by pyrolyzing commercial polyurethane sponge grafted with polyelectrolyte layers based on the corresponding metal acrylate at 400 °C. The ultralight foams consisted of 3D interconnected hollow tubes that have a diameter of micrometer and nanoscale wall thickness, forming hierarchical structures from macroscopic to nanometer length scales. More interesting was that the wall thickness and morphology of the microtubes could be tuned by controlling the concentrations of acrylic acid and metallic cations. After modification with low-surface-energy polysiloxane, the ultralight foams showed superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, which quickly and selectively absorbed a variety of oils from a polluted water surface under magnetic field. The oil absorption capacity reached 100 times of the foams' own weight, exhibiting one of the highest values among existing absorptive counterparts. By controlling the composition and conformation of the grafted polyelectrolyte layers, the present approach is extendable to fabricate a variety of ultralow-density materials desirable for absorptive materials, electrode materials, catalyst supports, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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27
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Manna U, Carter MCD, Lynn DM. "Shrink-to-fit" superhydrophobicity: thermally-induced microscale wrinkling of thin hydrophobic multilayers fabricated on flexible shrink-wrap substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:3085-3089. [PMID: 23649745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An approach to the design of flexible superhydrophobic surfaces based on thermally induced wrinkling of thin, hydrophobic polymer multilayers on heat-shrinkable polymer films is reported. This approach exploits shrinking processes common to "heat-shrink" plastics, and can thus be used to create "shrink-to-fit" superhydrophobic coatings on complex surfaces, manipulate the dimensions and densities of patterned features, and promote heat-activated repair of full-thickness defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Manna
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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28
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Yang Y, Han X, Ding W, Jiang S, Cao Y, Lu C. Controlled free edge effects in surface wrinkling via combination of external straining and selective O2 plasma exposure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7170-7177. [PMID: 23705830 DOI: 10.1021/la4010517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein the edge effect from the traction-free boundary condition is utilized to direct the spontaneous surface wrinkling. This boundary condition is attained by a simple combination of mechanical straining and selective exposure of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate to O2 plasma (OP) through a copper grid. When the strained PDMS sheet is subjected to selective OP treatment, a patterned heterogeneous surface composed of the OP-exposed "hard" oxidized SiOx region (denoted as D1) and the OP-unexposed "soft" region (denoted as D2) is produced. The subsequent full release of the prestrain (ε(pre)) leads to the selective wrinkling in D1, rather than in D2. It is seen that even in D1, no wrinkling occurs in the vicinity of the D1 edge that is perpendicular to the wavevector. Furthermore, the average wrinkle wavelength in D1 (λ(D1)) is smaller than that of the exposed copper grid-free blank area (λ(blank)). This wavelength decrement between λ(D1) and λ(blank), which can be used to roughly estimate the edge-effect extent, increases with the applied mesh number of copper grids and exposure duration, while decreases with the increase of ε(pre). Meanwhile, there exists a decrease in the amplitude of the patterned wrinkles, when compared with that of the blank region. Additionally, hierarchical wrinkling is induced when the strain-free PDMS substrate is selectively exposed to OP, followed by uniaxial stretching and the subsequent blanket exposure. Consequently, oriented wrinkles perpendicular to the stretching direction are generated in D2. With respect to D1, no wrinkling happens or orthogonal wrinkles occur in this region depending on the applied mesh number, exposure duration, and ε(pre). In the above wrinkling process, the combinative edge effects in two perpendicular directions that are involved sequentially have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P R China
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29
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Celia E, Darmanin T, Taffin de Givenchy E, Amigoni S, Guittard F. Recent advances in designing superhydrophobic surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 402:1-18. [PMID: 23647693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The interest in superhydrophobic surfaces has grown exponentially over recent decades. Since the lotus leaf dual hierarchical structure was discovered, researchers have investigated the foundations of self-cleaning behavior. Generally, surface micro/nanostructuring combined with low surface energy of materials leads to extreme anti-wetting properties. The great number of papers on this subject attests the efforts of scientists in mimicking nature to generate superhydrophobicity. Besides the thirst for knowledge, scientists have been driven by the many possible industrial applications of superhydrophobic materials in several fields. Many methods and techniques have been developed to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces, and the aim of this paper is to review the recent progresses in preparing manmade superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Celia
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis & CNRS, Laboratoire Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), UMR 7336, Groupe Surfaces & Interfaces, Nice, France
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30
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Li Y, Peterson JJ, Jhaveri SB, Carter KR. Patterned polymer films via reactive silane infusion-induced wrinkling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4632-4639. [PMID: 23496840 DOI: 10.1021/la400155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A method for simultaneously patterning and functionalizing thin poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) films through a reactive silane infusion based wrinkling is developed. Wrinkled patterns with tunable wavelengths on submicrometer size are easily produced over large area surfaces and can express a wide variety of chemical functional groups on the surface. The characteristic wavelength of wrinkling scales linearly with initial film thickness, in agreement with a gradationally swollen film model. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm that the wrinkled film is composed of two layers: a gradient cross-linked top layer and a uniform un-cross-linked bottom layer. The surface chemical properties of wrinkles can be easily tuned by infusion of different functional silanes. Hierarchical wrinkled patterns with micro/nano structure can be achieved by combining wrinkling with other simple lithography methods. Wrinkled nanopatterns can be used as a mold to transfer the topology to a variety of other materials using nanoimprint lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyong Li
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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