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Tzadka S, Ureña Martin C, Toledo E, Yassin AAK, Pandey A, Le Saux G, Porgador A, Schvartzman M. A Novel Approach for Colloidal Lithography: From Dry Particle Assembly to High-Throughput Nanofabrication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17846-17856. [PMID: 38549366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
We introduce a novel approach for colloidal lithography based on the dry particle assembly into a dense monolayer on an elastomer, followed by mechanical transfer to a substrate of any material and curvature. This method can be implemented either manually or automatically and it produces large area patterns with the quality obtained by the state-of-the-art colloidal lithography at a very high throughput. We first demonstrated the fabrication of nanopatterns with a periodicity ranging between 200 nm and 2 μm. We then demonstrated two nanotechnological applications of this approach. The first one is antireflective structures, fabricated on silicon and sapphire, with different geometries including arrays of bumps and holes and adjusted for different spectral ranges. The second one is smart 3D nanostructures for mechanostimulation of T cells that are used for their effective proliferation, with potential application in cancer immunotherapy. This new approach unleashes the potential of bottom-up nanofabrication and paves the way for nanoscale devices and systems in numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Tzadka
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Carlos Ureña Martin
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Esti Toledo
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Abed Al Kader Yassin
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ashish Pandey
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Guillaume Le Saux
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Mark Schvartzman
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Saeed S, Zia A, Liu R, Liu D, Cao L, Wang Z. Optimizing broadband antireflection with Au micropatterns: a combined FDTD simulation and two-beam LIL approach. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:1394-1401. [PMID: 38437320 DOI: 10.1364/ao.514445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Broadband antireflection (AR) is highly significant in a wide range of optical applications, and using a gold (Au) micropattern presents a viable method for controlling the behavior of light propagation. This study investigates a novel, to the best of our knowledge, methodology to achieve broadband AR properties in Au micropatterns. It employed the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to simulate and optimize the design of micropatterns. In contrast, the fabrication of Au micropatterns was carried out using two-beam laser interference lithography (LIL). The fabricated Au micropatterns were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and spectroscope to validate their antireflection and transmission properties and evaluate their performance at various wavelengths. The optimized Au micropatterns had a high transmittance rating of 96.2%. In addition, the device exhibits a broad-spectrum antireflective property, covering wavelengths ranging from 400 to 1100 nm. The simulation data and experimentally derived results show comparable patterns. These structures can potentially be employed in many optical devices, such as solar cells and photodetectors, whereby achieving optimal device performance reduced reflection and enhanced light absorption.
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Hopmann E, Zhang W, Li H, Elezzabi AY. Advances in electrochromic device technology through the exploitation of nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic effects. NANOPHOTONICS 2023; 12:637-657. [PMID: 36844468 PMCID: PMC9945060 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research regarding electrochromic (EC) materials, such materials that change their color upon application of an electrochemical stimulus, has been conducted for centuries. However, most recently, increasing efforts have been put into developing novel solutions to utilize these on-off switching materials in advanced nanoplasmonic and nanophotonic devices. Due to the significant change in dielectric properties of oxides such as WO3, NiO, Mn2O3 and conducting polymers like PEDOT:PSS and PANI, EC materials have transcended beyond simple smart window applications and are now found in plasmonic devices for full-color displays and enhanced modulation transmission and photonic devices with ultra-high on-off ratios and sensing abilities. Advancements in nanophotonic ECDs have further decreased EC switching speed by several orders of magnitude, allowing integration in real-time measurement and lab-on-chip applications. The EC nature of such nanoscale devices promises low energy consumption with low operating voltages paired with bistability and long lifetimes. We summarize these novel approaches to EC device design, lay out the current short comings and draw a path forward for future utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hopmann
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Wu Zhang
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Haizeng Li
- Optics & Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266273, China
| | - Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2V4, Canada
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4
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Palinski TJ, Guan B, Bradshaw-Hajek BH, Lienhard MA, Priest C, Miranda FA. Reversible colorimetric sensing of volatile analytes by wicking in close proximity to a photonic film. RSC Adv 2022; 12:36150-36157. [PMID: 36545087 PMCID: PMC9756422 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of volatile analytes from environmental or biological fluids is a rate-determining step that can delay the response time for continuous sensing. In this paper, we demonstrate a colorimetric sensing system that enables the rapid detection of gas-phase analytes released from a flowing micro-volume fluid sample. The sensor platform is an analyte-responsive metal-insulator-metal (MIM) thin-film structure integrated with a large area quartz micropillar array. This allows precise planar alignment and microscale separation (310 μm) of the optical and fluidic structures. This configuration offers rapid and homogeneous color changes over large areas that permits detection by low-resolution optics or eye, which is well-suited to portable/wearable devices. For our proof-of-principle demonstration, we utilized a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spacer and evaluated the sensor's response (color change) to ethanol vapor. We show that the RGB color value is quantitatively linked to the spacer swelling, which is reversible and repeatable. The optofluidic platform reduces the sensor response time from minutes to seconds compared with experiments using a conventional chamber. The sensor's concentration-dependent response was examined, confirming the potential of the reported sensing platform for continuous, compact, and quantitative colorimetric analysis of volatile analytes in low-volume samples, such as biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Palinski
- Communications & Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland Ohio 44135 USA
| | - Bin Guan
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
| | | | - Michael A Lienhard
- Communications & Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland Ohio 44135 USA
| | - Craig Priest
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility - South Australia Node, University of South Australia SA 5095 Australia
| | - Félix A Miranda
- Communications & Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland Ohio 44135 USA
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Ma C, Zhao F, Zhou F, Li M, Zheng Z, Yan J, Li J, Li X, Guan BO, Chen K. Etching-free high-throughput intersectional nanofabrication of diverse optical nanoantennas for nanoscale light manipulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:950-959. [PMID: 35561613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The capabilities to manipulate light-matter interaction at the nanoscale lie at the core of many promising photonic applications. Optical nanoantennas, made of metallic or dielectric materials, have seen a rapid development for their remarkable optical properties facilitating the coupling of electromagnetic waves with subwavelength entities. However, high-throughput and cost-effective fabrication of these nanoantennas is still a daunting challenge. In this work, we provide a versatile nanofabrication method capable of producing large scale optical nanoantennas with different shapes. It is developed from colloidal lithography with no dry etching required. Furthermore, both metallic and all-dielectric nanoantennas can be readily fabrication in a high-throughput fashion. Au and Si nanodisks were fabricated and employed to assemble heterostructures with monolayer tungsten disulfide. Strong coupling is observed in both systems between plasmon modes (Au nanodisks) or anapole modes (Si nanodisks) with excitons. We believe that this nanofabrication method could find a wide range of applications with the diverse optical nanoantennas it can engineer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Churong Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fangrong Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahao Yan
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bai-Ou Guan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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6
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Andersson J, Svirelis J, Ferrand-Drake Del Castillo G, Sannomiya T, Dahlin A. Surface plasmon resonance sensing with thin films of palladium and platinum - quantitative and real-time analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4588-4594. [PMID: 35132976 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05381g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a highly useful technique in biology and is gradually becoming useful also for materials science. However, measurements to date have been performed almost exclusively on gold, which limits the possibility to probe chemical modifications of other metals. In this work we show that 20 nm Pd and Pt films work "fairly well" for quantitative SPR sensing of organic films despite the high light absorption. In the interval between total reflection and the SPR angle, high intensity changes occur when a film is formed on the surface. Fresnel models accurately describe the full angular spectra and our data analysis provides good resolution of surface coverage in air (a few ng cm-2). Overall, the Pd sensors behave quite similarly to 50 nm gold in terms of sensitivity and field extension, although the noise level in real-time measurements is ∼5 times higher. The Pt sensors exhibit a longer extension of the evanescent field and ∼10 times higher noise compared to gold. Yet, formation of organic layers a few nm in thickness can still be monitored in real-time. As a model system, we use thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) to make Pd and Pt protein repelling. Our findings show how SPR can be used for studying chemical modifications of two metals that are important in several contexts, for instance within heterogeneous catalysis. We emphasize the advantages of simple sample preparation and accurate quantitative analysis in the planar geometry by Fresnel models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden.
| | - Justas Svirelis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden.
| | | | - Takumi Sannomiya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta Midoriku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden.
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7
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Abasahl B, Santschi C, Raziman TV, Martin OJF. Fabrication of plasmonic structures with well-controlled nanometric features: a comparison between lift-off and ion beam etching. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:475202. [PMID: 34348240 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1a93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After providing a detailed overview of nanofabrication techniques for plasmonics, we discuss in detail two different approaches for the fabrication of metallic nanostructures based on e-beam lithography. The first approach relies on a negative e-beam resist, followed by ion beam milling, while the second uses a positive e-beam resist and lift-off. Overall, ion beam etching provides smaller and more regular features including tiny gaps between sub-parts, that can be controlled down to about 10 nm. In the lift-off process, the metal atoms are deposited within the resist mask and can diffuse on the substrate, giving rise to the formation of nanoclusters that render the nanostructure outline slightly fuzzy. Scattering cross sections computed for both approaches highlight some spectral differences, which are especially visible for structures that support complex resonances, such as Fano resonances. Both techniques can produce useful nanostructures and the results reported therein should guide the researcher to choose the best suited approach for a given application, depending on the available technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abasahl
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Insititute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Santschi
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Insititute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T V Raziman
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Insititute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O J F Martin
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Insititute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Dahlin A. Biochemical Sensing with Nanoplasmonic Architectures: We Know How but Do We Know Why? ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:281-297. [PMID: 33761272 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091420-090751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, the research field of nanoplasmonic sensors is placed under scrutiny, with focus on affinity-based detection using refractive index changes. This review describes how nanostructured plasmonic sensors can deliver unique advantages compared to the established surface plasmon resonance technique, where a planar metal surface is used. At the same time, it shows that these features are actually only useful in quite specific situations. Recent trends in the field are also discussed and some devices that claim extraordinary performance are questioned. It is argued that the most important challenges are related to limited receptor affinity and nonspecific binding rather than instrumental performance. Although some nanoplasmonic sensors may be useful in certain situations, it seems likely that conventional surface plasmon resonance will continue to dominate biomolecular interaction analysis. For detection of analytes in complex samples, plasmonics may be an important tool, but probably not in the form of direct refractometric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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9
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Park J, In S, Park N. Dispersion-Controlled Gold-Aluminum-Silicon Dioxide-Aluminum Nanopawn Structures for Visible to NIR Light Modulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007831. [PMID: 33599009 PMCID: PMC11468642 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an efficient patterning method for nanostructures, nanocolloidal lithography (NCL) presents a controllable and scalable means for achieving a uniform and good sidewall profile, and a high aspect ratio. While high selectivity between the etching mask and targeted materials is also essential for NCL-based precision nanophotonic structures, its realization in multi-material nanophotonic structures still remains a challenge due to the dielectric- or metallic-material-dependent etching selectivity. Here, dispersion-controlled Au-NCL is proposed, which enables high selectivity for Al and SiO2 over a Au nanoparticle (Au-NP) mask. Utilizing the proposed process, wafer-scale, uniformly dispersed multi-material nanopawn structures (Au-NPs/Al-SiO2 cylinders) on an Al ultrathin film are realized, obtaining excellent vertical sidewall (≈90°) and aspect ratio (>1). The high sidewall verticality and aspect ratio of the nanopawn structures support optical modes highly sensitive to the excitation direction of incident waves through the mixing of the interface-gap-assisted localized surface plasmons (GLSPs) formed in between the Au-NP and Al-disk interface, and plasmonic Fabry-Pérot (FP) modes formed in between the Al-disk and Al substrate; complementary spectral responses between reflected and scattered light are also demonstrated. As an application example, information encryption based on the triple-channel (i.e., reflection, scattering, and transmission) angle-dependent complementary-color responses is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jusung Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Sungjun In
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Namkyoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
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10
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Palasingh C, Ström A, Amer H, Nypelö T. Oxidized xylan additive for nanocellulose films - A swelling modifier. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:753-759. [PMID: 33727189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric wood hemicelluloses are depicted to join cellulose, starch and chitosan as key polysaccharides for sustainable materials engineering. However, the approaches to incorporate hemicelluloses in emerging bio-based products are challenged by lack of specific benefit, other than the biomass-origin, although their utilization would contribute to sustainable material use since they currently are a side stream that is not valorized. Here we demonstrate wood-xylans as swelling modifiers for neutral and charged nanocellulose films that have already entered the sustainable packaging applications, however, suffer from humidity sensitivity. The oxidative modification is used to modulate the water-solubility of xylan and hence enable adsorption in an aqueous environment. A high molecular weight grade, hence less water-soluble, adsorbed preferentially on the neutral surface while the adsorbed amount on a negatively charged surface was independent of the molecular weight, and hence, solubility. The adsorption of the oxidized xylans on a neutral cellulose surface resulted in an increase in the amount of water in the film while on the negatively charged cellulose the total amount of water decreased. The finding of synergy of two hygroscopic materials to decrease swelling in hydrophilic bio-polymer films demonstrates the oxidized macromolecule xylan as structurally functional component in emerging cellulose products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonnipa Palasingh
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ström
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hassan Amer
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; Department of Natural and Microbial Products Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 AlBohous St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Darvill D, Iarossi M, Abraham Ekeroth RM, Hubarevich A, Huang JA, De Angelis F. Breaking the symmetry of nanosphere lithography with anisotropic plasma etching induced by temperature gradients. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:359-369. [PMID: 36131733 PMCID: PMC9419189 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel anisotropic process, termed plasma etching induced by temperature gradients (PE-TG), which we use to modify the 3D morphology of a hexagonally close-packed polystyrene sphere array. Specifically, we combined an isotropic oxygen plasma (generated by a plasma cleaner) and a vertical temperature gradient applied from the bottom to the top of a colloidal mask to create an anisotropic etching process. As a result, an ordered array of well-defined and separated nano mushrooms is obtained. We demonstrate that the features of the mushrooms, namely the hat size and their intrinsic undercut, as well as the pillar diameter and height, can be easily tuned by adjusting the main parameters of the process i.e. the temperature gradient and etching time, or the spheres' size. We show that PS mushroom arrays can be used as nanostructured templates to fabricate plasmonic arrays, such as gold-capped nano mushrooms and ultra-small nanoapertures, by using vertical and oblique gold sputtering deposition respectively. PE-TG reveals a new, cheap and facile approach to produce plasmonic nanostructures of great interest in the fields of molecular sensing, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), energy harvesting and optoelectronics. We study the optical properties of the Au-capped nano mushroom arrays and their performance as biosensing platforms by performing SERS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Darvill
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16136 Genova Italy
| | - Marzia Iarossi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16136 Genova Italy
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS), Università; degli Studi di Genova Via Balbi 5 16126 Genova Italy
| | - Ricardo M Abraham Ekeroth
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16136 Genova Italy
- Instituto de Física Arroyo Seco (CIFICEN-CICPBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Pinto 399 7000 Tandil Argentina
| | | | - Jian-An Huang
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16136 Genova Italy
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Kotlarek D, Fossati S, Venugopalan P, Gisbert Quilis N, Slabý J, Homola J, Lequeux M, Amiard F, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Jonas U, Dostálek J. Actuated plasmonic nanohole arrays for sensing and optical spectroscopy applications. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9756-9768. [PMID: 32324184 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new approach to rapidly actuate the plasmonic characteristics of thin gold films perforated with nanohole arrays that are coupled with arrays of gold nanoparticles. The near-field interaction between the localized and propagating surface plasmon modes supported by the structure was actively modulated by changing the distance between the nanoholes and nanoparticles and varying the refractive index symmetry of the structure. This approach was applied by using a thin responsive hydrogel cushion, which swelled and collapsed by a temperature stimulus. The detailed experimental study of the changes and interplay of localized and propagating surface plasmons was complemented by numerical simulations. We demonstrate that the interrogation and excitation of the optical resonance to these modes allow the label-free SPR observation of the binding of biomolecules, and is applicable for in situ SERS studies of low molecular weight molecules attached in the gap between the nanoholes and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kotlarek
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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13
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Hopmann E, Elezzabi AY. Plasmochromic Nanocavity Dynamic Light Color Switching. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1876-1882. [PMID: 32049542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Static plasmonic metal-insulator-nanohole (MIN) cavities have been shown to create high chromaticity spectral colors for display applications. While on-off switching of said devices has been demonstrated, introducing active control over the spectral color of a single cavity is an ongoing challenge. Electrochromic oxides such as tungsten oxide (WO3) offer the possibility to tune their refractive index (2.1-1.8) and extinction (0-0.5) upon ion insertion, allowing active control over resonance conditions for MIN based devices. In combination with the dynamic change in the WO3 layer, the utilization of a plasmonic superstructure allows creation of well-defined spectral reflection of the nanocavity. Here, we employ inorganic, electrochromic WO3 as the tunable dielectric in a MIN nanocavity, resulting in a theoretically achievable resonance wavelength modulation from 601 to 505 nm, while maintaining 35% of reflectance intensity. Experimental values for the spectral modulation result in a 64 nm shift of peak wavelength with high reproducibility and fast switching speed. Remarkably, the introduced device shows electrochemical stability over 100 switching cycles while most of the intercalated charge can be regained (91.1%), leading to low power consumption (5.6 mW/cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hopmann
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Abdulhakem Y Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
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14
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Ohnishi H, Sabatani E, Vu Thi D, Yanagimoto S, Sannomiya T. Highly sensitive pressure and temperature induced SPP resonance shift at gold nanohole arrays. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:024705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5131206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ohnishi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technologies, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Eyal Sabatani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technologies, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Chemistry Division, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, Beer Sheva 8491000, Israel
| | - Dung Vu Thi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technologies, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Sotatsu Yanagimoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technologies, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takumi Sannomiya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technologies, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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15
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Li P, Dou X, Schönherr H. Micropatterning and nanopatterning with polymeric materials for advanced biointerface‐controlled systems. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ)University of Siegen Siegen Germany
| | - Xiaoqiu Dou
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ)University of Siegen Siegen Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ)University of Siegen Siegen Germany
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16
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Emilsson G, Röder E, Malekian B, Xiong K, Manzi J, Tsai FC, Cho NJ, Bally M, Dahlin A. Nanoplasmonic Sensor Detects Preferential Binding of IRSp53 to Negative Membrane Curvature. Front Chem 2019; 7:1. [PMID: 30778383 PMCID: PMC6369594 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors based on plasmonic nanostructures are widely used in various applications and benefit from numerous operational advantages. One type of application where nanostructured sensors provide unique value in comparison with, for instance, conventional surface plasmon resonance, is investigations of the influence of nanoscale geometry on biomolecular binding events. In this study, we show that plasmonic "nanowells" conformally coated with a continuous lipid bilayer can be used to detect the preferential binding of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate protein (IRSp53) I-BAR domain to regions of negative surface curvature, i.e., the interior of the nanowells. Two different sensor architectures with and without an additional niobium oxide layer are compared for this purpose. In both cases, curvature preferential binding of IRSp53 (at around 0.025 nm-1 and higher) can be detected qualitatively. The high refractive index niobium oxide influences the near field distribution and makes the signature for bilayer formation less clear, but the contrast for accumulation at regions of negative curvature is slightly higher. This work shows the first example of analyzing preferential binding of an average-sized and biologically important protein to negative membrane curvature in a label-free manner and in real-time, illustrating a unique application for nanoplasmonic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn Röder
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bita Malekian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kunli Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - John Manzi
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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17
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Zhang G, Hsu C, Lan C, Gao R, Wen Y, Zhou J. Tailoring Nanohole Plasmonic Resonance with Light-Responsive Azobenzene Compound. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2254-2263. [PMID: 30569700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based nanohole structures, featuring a continuous matrix and discrete voids, have seen a wide spectrum of practical applications, ranging from plasmonic sensing to extraordinary optical transmission. It would not be uncommon to pursue further enhancement of their optical tunability, and incorporation with other functional materials offers an intriguing lead. In this study, the first step involves colloidal lithography fabrication of gold-based, short-range ordered nanohole structures on a glass substrate with varying geometrical parameters. Plasmonic resonance in optical waveband is readily achieved from the coupling between bonding surface plasmons and nanohole lattices. Resonant features observed in transmission measurements could also be well reproduced both from numerical simulations as well as theoretical calculations based on the grating coupling mechanism. With the introduction of a thin layer of azobenzene compound by spin-coating comes the critical transformation that not only alters optical performances by impacting the surface environment but also bestows the structures with light responsiveness. After 488 nm of laser irradiation, it is observed that the structures underwent cross polarization conversion, which could be attributed to the photoalignment behavior from trans-cis isomerization within the azobenzene layer, yielding further optical tunability with the linearly polarized probe light compared to that in the preirradiated state. The tuning of plasmonic resonances through light stimuli paves a noncontacting path for achieving desired optical responses with potentially high spatial and temporal resolution. This work may serve as a fountainhead for future efforts on optically tailorable photonic devices associated with nanohole plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chuwen Lan
- Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks & Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, School of Information and Communication Engineering , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing 100876 , China
| | - Rui Gao
- High Temperature Thermochemistry Laboratory, Department of Mining and Materials Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
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18
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Malekian B, Schoch RL, Robson T, Ferrand-Drake Del Castillo G, Xiong K, Emilsson G, Kapinos LE, Lim RYH, Dahlin A. Detecting Selective Protein Binding Inside Plasmonic Nanopores: Toward a Mimic of the Nuclear Pore Complex. Front Chem 2018; 6:637. [PMID: 30619840 PMCID: PMC6308133 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors based on plasmonic nanostructures offer label-free and real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions. However, so do many other surface sensitive techniques with equal or better resolution in terms of surface coverage. Yet, plasmonic nanostructures offer unique possibilities to study effects associated with nanoscale geometry. In this work we use plasmonic nanopores with double gold films and detect binding of proteins inside them. By thiol and trietoxysilane chemistry, receptors are selectively positioned on the silicon nitride interior walls. Larger (~150 nm) nanopores are used detect binding of averaged sized proteins (~60 kg/mol) with high signal to noise (>100). Further, we fabricate pores that approach the size of the nuclear pore complex (diameter down to 50 nm) and graft disordered phenylalanine-glycine nucleoporin domains to the walls, followed by titration of karyopherinβ1 transport receptors. The interactions are shown to occur with similar affinity as determined by conventional surface plasmon resonance on planar surfaces. Our work illustrates another unique application of plasmonic nanostructures, namely the possibility to mimic the geometry of a biological nanomachine with integrated optical sensing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Malekian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rafael L Schoch
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Robson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Kunli Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Larisa E Kapinos
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roderick Y H Lim
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Vala M, Jordan LR, Warrington AE, Maher LJ, Rodriguez M, Wittenberg NJ, Oh SH. Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing on Naturally Derived Membranes: A Remyelination-Promoting Human Antibody Binds Myelin with Extraordinary Affinity. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12567-12573. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Vala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Luke R. Jordan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Arthur E. Warrington
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - L. James Maher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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20
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Savić-Šević S, Pantelić D, Jelenković B, Salatić B, Stojanović DV. Golden moth-inspired structures with a synergistic effect of interference, absorption and scattering. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5595-5603. [PMID: 29911714 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new type of photonic material inspired by a Diachrysia chrysitis moth, whose nano-structured wings exhibit a prominent golden color. This is a layered photonic structure with a large refractive index contrast, whose alternating layers are rough at the nanoscale level. Theoretical analysis shows that the scattering and interference interact to enhance the local field within the layers and increase the absorption of the material, particularly in the UV-blue part of the spectrum. Theory is experimentally verified using holographically manufactured Bragg gratings in the dichromated-pullulan (DCP). Alternating air-pullulan layers are produced and held in place by sparsely separated nano-pillars. Air voids are filled with 20-100 nm diameter spherical nanoparticles which act as scatterers. Such materials, with a high refractive index contrast and nano-scale scatterers, are important for achieving large reflectance and a broad spectrum, with scattering as an additional mechanism for spectral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Savić-Šević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Serbia.
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21
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Poplausks R, Jevdokimovs D, Malinovskis U, Erts D, Prikulis J. Variable Thickness Porous Anodic Alumina/Metal Film Bilayers for Optimization of Plasmonic Scattering by Nanoholes on Mirror. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5783-5788. [PMID: 31458778 PMCID: PMC6641977 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuously variable thickness porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAAO) films were obtained using electrochemical oxidation of bulk aluminum sheet while both electrodes were simultaneously withdrawn from the electrolyte solution. The thickness gradient was controlled by the withdrawal rate (1-10 mm/min range) and thickness variation demonstrated from below 50 nm to above 1 micrometer. The thickness increased linearly with the sample lateral coordinate, whereas the nanopore structure (diameter and interpore distance) remained unchanged. Effects of the initial pore growth and capillary forces are discussed. The presented method can be used for tuning optimal PAAO thickness for optical and other applications as exemplified by finding maximum plasmonic scattering in structured Al-PAAO-Au multilayers. Enhanced scattering from porous gold film separated by a specific-thickness PAAO layer from aluminum mirror surface is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimonds Poplausks
- Institute
of Chemical Physics and Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Daniels Jevdokimovs
- Institute
of Chemical Physics and Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Uldis Malinovskis
- Institute
of Chemical Physics and Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Donats Erts
- Institute
of Chemical Physics and Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Juris Prikulis
- Institute
of Chemical Physics and Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga LV-1586, Latvia
- E-mail:
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22
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Ferhan AR, Jackman JA, Malekian B, Xiong K, Emilsson G, Park S, Dahlin AB, Cho NJ. Nanoplasmonic Sensing Architectures for Decoding Membrane Curvature-Dependent Biomacromolecular Interactions. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7458-7466. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahim Ferhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Joshua A. Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Bita Malekian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kunli Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Soohyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Andreas B. Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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23
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Jackman JA, Rahim Ferhan A, Cho NJ. Nanoplasmonic sensors for biointerfacial science. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:3615-3660. [PMID: 28383083 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00494f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoplasmonic sensors have become widely used for the label-free detection of biomolecules across medical, biotechnology, and environmental science applications. To date, many nanoplasmonic sensing strategies have been developed with outstanding measurement capabilities, enabling detection down to the single-molecule level. One of the most promising directions has been surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors, and the potential of such technologies is still emerging. Going beyond detection, surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors open the door to enhanced, quantitative measurement capabilities across the biointerfacial sciences by taking advantage of high surface sensitivity that pairs well with the size of medically important biomacromolecules and biological particulates such as viruses and exosomes. The goal of this review is to introduce the latest advances in nanoplasmonic sensors for the biointerfacial sciences, including ongoing development of nanoparticle and nanohole arrays for exploring different classes of biomacromolecules interacting at solid-liquid interfaces. The measurement principles for nanoplasmonic sensors based on utilizing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) phenomena are first introduced. The following sections are then categorized around different themes within the biointerfacial sciences, specifically protein binding and conformational changes, lipid membrane fabrication, membrane-protein interactions, exosome and virus detection and analysis, and probing nucleic acid conformations and binding interactions. Across these themes, we discuss the growing trend to utilize nanoplasmonic sensors for advanced measurement capabilities, including positional sensing, biomacromolecular conformation analysis, and real-time kinetic monitoring of complex biological interactions. Altogether, these advances highlight the rich potential of nanoplasmonic sensors and the future growth prospects of the community as a whole. With ongoing development of commercial nanoplasmonic sensors and analytical models to interpret corresponding measurement data in the context of biologically relevant interactions, there is significant opportunity to utilize nanoplasmonic sensing strategies for not only fundamental biointerfacial science, but also translational science applications related to clinical medicine and pharmaceutical drug development among countless possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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24
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Emilsson G, Xiong K, Sakiyama Y, Malekian B, Ahlberg Gagnér V, Schoch RL, Lim RYH, Dahlin AB. Polymer brushes in solid-state nanopores form an impenetrable entropic barrier for proteins. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4663-4669. [PMID: 29468241 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are widely used to prevent the adsorption of proteins, but the mechanisms by which they operate have remained heavily debated for many decades. We show conclusive evidence that a polymer brush can be a remarkably strong kinetic barrier towards proteins by using poly(ethylene glycol) grafted to the sidewalls of pores in 30 nm thin gold films. Despite consisting of about 90% water, the free coils seal apertures up to 100 nm entirely with respect to serum protein translocation, as monitored label-free through the plasmonic activity of the nanopores. The conclusions are further supported by atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. A theoretical model indicates that the brush undergoes a morphology transition to a sealing state when the ratio between the extension and the radius of curvature is approximately 0.8. The brush-sealed pores represent a new type of ultrathin filter with potential applications in bioanalytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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25
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Hackett LP, Ameen A, Li W, Dar FK, Goddard LL, Liu GL. Spectrometer-Free Plasmonic Biosensing with Metal-Insulator-Metal Nanocup Arrays. ACS Sens 2018; 3:290-298. [PMID: 29380595 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of high performing and accessible sensors is crucial to future point-of-care diagnostic sensing systems. Here, we report on a gold-titanium dioxide-gold metal-insulator-metal plasmonic nanocup array device for spectrometer-free refractometric sensing with a performance exceeding conventional surface plasmon resonance sensors. This device shows distinct spectral properties such that a superstrate refractive index increase causes a transmission intensity increase at the peak resonance wavelength. There is no spectral shift at this peak and there are spectral regions with no transmission intensity change, which can be used as internal device references. The sensing mechanism, plasmon-cavity coupling optimization, and material properties are studied using electromagnetic simulations. The optimal device structure is determined using simulation and experimental parameter sweeps to tune the cavity confinement and the resonance coupling. An experimental sensitivity of 800 ΔT%/RIU is demonstrated. Spectrometer-free, imaged-based detection is also carried out for the cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen with a 10 ng/mL limit of detection. The high performance and distinct spectral features of this metal-insulator-metal plasmonic nanocup array make this device promising for future portable optical sensing systems with minimal instrumentation requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P. Hackett
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Agricultural and
Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Abid Ameen
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Agricultural and
Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wenyue Li
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Agricultural and
Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Faiza Khawar Dar
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Agricultural and
Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lynford L. Goddard
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Agricultural and
Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gang Logan Liu
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ∥Department of Agricultural and
Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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26
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Couture M, Brulé T, Laing S, Cui W, Sarkar M, Charron B, Faulds K, Peng W, Canva M, Masson JF. High Figure of Merit (FOM) of Bragg Modes in Au-Coated Nanodisk Arrays for Plasmonic Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13. [PMID: 28834166 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gold-coated nanodisk arrays of nearly micron periodicity are reported that have high figure of merit (FOM) and sensitivity necessary for plasmonic refractometric sensing, with the added benefit of suitability for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), large-scale microfabrication using standard photolithographic techniques and a simple instrumental setup. Gold nanodisk arrays are covered with a gold layer to excite the Bragg modes (BM), which are the propagative surface plasmons localized by the diffraction from the disk array. This generates surface-guided modes, localized as standing waves, leading to highly confined fields confirmed by a mapping of the SERS intensity and numerical simulations with 3D finite element method. The optimal gold-coated nanodisk arrays are applied for refractometric sensing in transmission spectroscopy with better performance than nanohole arrays and they are integrated to a 96-well plate reader for detection of IgY proteins in the nanometer range in PBS. The potential for sensing in biofluids is assessed with IgG detection in 1:1 diluted urine. The structure exhibits a high FOM of up to 46, exceeding the FOM of structures supporting surface plasmon polaritons and comparable to more complex nanostructures, demonstrating that subwavelength features are not necessary for high-performance plasmonic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Couture
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, CP. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Thibault Brulé
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, CP. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stacey Laing
- Bionanotechnologies, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Wenli Cui
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Mitradeep Sarkar
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, 2 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91127, Palaiseau, France
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes LN2 - CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique, 3000 boul. de l'Université Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - Benjamin Charron
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, CP. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Karen Faulds
- Bionanotechnologies, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Michael Canva
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, 2 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91127, Palaiseau, France
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes LN2 - CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique, 3000 boul. de l'Université Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, CP. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF)
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27
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Zheng G, Cong J, Chen Y, Xu L, Xiao S. Angularly dense comb-like enhanced absorption of graphene monolayer with attenuated-total-reflection configuration. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2984-2987. [PMID: 28957225 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A multiline absorber based on the excitation of guided-mode resonance of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D-PhCs), including a surface graphene monolayer under the attenuated-total-reflection configuration, is proposed and demonstrated. By carefully designing the structure parameters of the 1D-PhCs, the guided mode can be modulated by the periodic distribution of the refractive index. Our results reveal that the critical coupling of the guided resonance in periodical PhCs to graphene produces the perfect absorption. The number of absorption peaks within the photonic band corresponds to the number of unit cells. An ultrahigh Q-factor value of 4.75×106 is obtained at resonance with unity absorption, which could serve as a promising replacement of metallic thin film as a sensor probe for future biosensing applications.
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28
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Malekian B, Xiong K, Emilsson G, Andersson J, Fager C, Olsson E, Larsson-Langhammer EM, Dahlin AB. Fabrication and Characterization of Plasmonic Nanopores with Cavities in the Solid Support. SENSORS 2017. [PMID: 28632153 PMCID: PMC5492491 DOI: 10.3390/s17061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures are widely used for various sensing applications by monitoring changes in refractive index through optical spectroscopy or as substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. However, in most practical situations conventional surface plasmon resonance is preferred for biomolecular interaction analysis because of its high resolution in surface coverage and the simple single-material planar interface. Still, plasmonic nanostructures may find unique sensing applications, for instance when the nanoscale geometry itself is of interest. This calls for new methods to prepare nanoscale particles and cavities with controllable dimensions and curvature. In this work, we present two types of plasmonic nanopores where the solid support underneath a nanohole array has been etched, thereby creating cavities denoted as ‘nanowells’ or ‘nanocaves’ depending on the degree of anisotropy (dry or wet etch). The refractometric sensitivity is shown to be enhanced upon removing the solid support because of an increased probing volume and a shift of the asymmetric plasmonic field towards the liquid side of the finite gold film. Furthermore, the structures exhibit different spectral changes upon binding inside the cavities compared to the gold surface, which means that the structures can be used for location-specific detection. Other sensing applications are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Malekian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kunli Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jenny Andersson
- Insplorion AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8A, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Fager
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Andreas B Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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29
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Abstract
We present an original, low-cost nanoplasmonic (bio)sensor based on crossed surface relief gratings (CSRGs) generated from orthogonally superimposed surface relief gratings (SRGs) on gold-coated azo-glass substrate. This surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensing approach is unique, since the light transmitted through a CSRG is zero except in the narrow bandwidth where the SPR conversion occurs, enabling quantitative monitoring of only the plasmonic signal from biomolecular interactions in real time. We validated the individual SRG plasmonic signature of CSRGs by observing their respective SPR excitation peaks, and tested them to detect both bulk and near-surface refractive index (RI) changes. Compared to simple SRGs, CSRGs portray a much-improved sensitivity of 647.8 nm/RIU, a resolution on the order of 10-5 RIU, and a figure of merit (FOM) of 14 for bulk RI-change sensing. We also demonstrate their ability to perform as biosensors, through the detection and monitoring of near-surface biomolecular interactions in real time, a first for CSRGs. The minimum detectable concentration of biotin-streptavidin binding events was 8.3 nM. Due to their sensing abilities, low cost (<10 cents/unit), ease of fabrication, and inherent suitability for integration with microfluidics, we anticipate that CSRGs will stand as strong candidates in the portable diagnostics arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Nair
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, 19 Division Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Carlos Escobedo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, 19 Division Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ribal Georges Sabat
- Department
of Physics, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada
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30
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Pantelić D, Savić-Šević S, Stojanović DV, Ćurčić S, Krmpot AJ, Rabasović M, Pavlović D, Lazović V, Milošević V. Scattering-enhanced absorption and interference produce a golden wing color of the burnished brass moth, Diachrysia chrysitis. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:032405. [PMID: 28415223 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.032405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report how interference and scattering-enhanced absorption act together to produce the golden wing patches of the burnished brass moth. The key mechanism is scattering on rough internal surfaces of the wing scales, accompanied by a large increase of absorption in the UV-blue spectral range. Unscattered light interferes and efficiently reflects from the multilayer composed of the scales and the wing membranes. The resulting spectrum is remarkably similar to the spectrum of metallic gold. Subwavelength morphology and spectral and absorptive properties of the wings are described. Theories of subwavelength surface scattering and local intensity enhancement are used to quantitatively explain the observed reflectance spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Pantelić
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Savić-Šević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan V Stojanović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Srećko Ćurčić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar J Krmpot
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihailo Rabasović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Pavlović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Lazović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Milošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
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31
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Yi Jia G, Zhang Q, Xian Huang Z, Bin Huang S, Xu J. Ultrathin gold film modified optical properties of excitons in monolayer MoS2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27259-27265. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05260j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The incident angle for maximum C excitonic absorption deviates from the SPR angle due to the ultrathin-gold-film-induced optical scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yi Jia
- School of Science
- Tianjin University of Commerce
- Tianjin 300134
- P. R. China
- Department of Applied Physics
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xian Huang
- School of Science
- Tianjin University of Commerce
- Tianjin 300134
- P. R. China
| | - Shu Bin Huang
- School of Science
- Tianjin University of Commerce
- Tianjin 300134
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Science
- Tianjin University of Commerce
- Tianjin 300134
- P. R. China
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32
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Xiong K, Emilsson G, Maziz A, Yang X, Shao L, Jager EWH, Dahlin AB. Plasmonic Metasurfaces with Conjugated Polymers for Flexible Electronic Paper in Color. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9956-9960. [PMID: 27670834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A flexible electronic paper in full color is realized by plasmonic metasurfaces with conjugated polymers. An ultrathin large-area electrochromic material is presented which provides high polarization-independent reflection, strong contrast, fast response time, and long-term stability. This technology opens up for new electronic readers and posters with ultralow power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ali Maziz
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Edwin W H Jager
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas B Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
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33
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Rupert DLM, Shelke GV, Emilsson G, Claudio V, Block S, Lässer C, Dahlin A, Lötvall JO, Bally M, Zhdanov VP, Höök F. Dual-Wavelength Surface Plasmon Resonance for Determining the Size and Concentration of Sub-Populations of Extracellular Vesicles. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9980-9988. [PMID: 27644331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accurate concentration determination of subpopulations of extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, is of importance both in the context of understanding their fundamental biological role and of potentially using them as disease biomarkers. In principle, this can be achieved by measuring the rate of diffusion-limited mass uptake to a sensor surface modified with a receptor designed to only bind the subpopulation of interest. However, a significant error is introduced if the targeted EV subpopulation has a size, and thus hydrodynamic diffusion coefficient, that differs from the mean size and diffusion coefficient of the whole EV population and/or if the EVs become deformed upon binding to the surface. We here demonstrate a new approach to determine the mean size (or effective film thickness) of bound nanoparticles, in general, and EV subpopulation carrying a marker of interest, in particular. The method is based on operating surface plasmon resonance simultaneously at two wavelengths with different sensing depths and using the ratio of the corresponding responses to extract the particle size on the surface. By estimating in this way the degree of deformation of adsorbed EVs, we markedly improved their bulk concentration determination and showed that EVs carrying the exosomal marker CD63 correspond to not more than around 10% of the EV sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L M Rupert
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ganesh V Shelke
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg , SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginia Claudio
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Block
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg , SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan O Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg , SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS, UMR 168, Physico-Chimie Curie, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences , 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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34
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Xiong K, Emilsson G, Dahlin AB. Biosensing using plasmonic nanohole arrays with small, homogenous and tunable aperture diameters. Analyst 2016; 141:3803-10. [PMID: 26867475 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00046k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanohole arrays are widely used for optical label-free molecular detection. An important factor for many applications is the diameter of the apertures. So far nanohole arrays with controllable diameters below 100 nm have not been demonstrated and it has not been systematically investigated how the diameter influences the optical properties. In this work we fine-tune the diameter in short range ordered nanohole arrays down to 50 nm. The experimental far field spectra show how the wavelength of maximum extinction remains unaffected while the transmission maximum blue shifts with smaller diameters. The near field is visualized by numerical simulations, showing a homogenous enhancement throughout the cylindrical void at the transmission maximum for diameters between 50 and 100 nm. For diameters below 50 nm plasmon excitation is no longer possible experimentally or by simulations. Further, we investigate the refractive index sensing capabilities of the smaller holes. As the diameter was reduced, the sensitivity in terms of resonance shift with bulk liquid refractive index was found to be unaltered. However, for the transmission maximum the sensitivity becomes more strongly localized to the hole interior. By directing molecular binding to the bottom of the holes we demonstrate how smaller holes enhance the sensitivity in terms of signal per molecule. A real-time detection limit well below one protein per nanohole is demonstrated. The smaller plasmonic nanoholes should be suitable for studies of molecules confined in small volumes and as mimics of biological nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Xiong
- Dept. of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Techology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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35
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Tu L, Huang L, Wang T, Wang W. Study of flow rate induced measurement error in flow-through nano-hole plasmonic sensor. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:064111. [PMID: 26649131 PMCID: PMC4662672 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow-through gold film perforated with periodically arrayed sub-wavelength nano-holes can cause extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), which has recently emerged as a label-free surface plasmon resonance sensor in biochemical detection by measuring the transmission spectral shift. This paper describes a systematic study of the effect of microfluidic field on the spectrum of EOT associated with the porous gold film. To detect biochemical molecules, the sub-micron-thick film is free-standing in a microfluidic field and thus subject to hydrodynamic deformation. The film deformation alone may cause spectral shift as measurement error, which is coupled with the spectral shift as real signal associated with the molecules. However, this microfluid-induced measurement error has long been overlooked in the field and needs to be identified in order to improve the measurement accuracy. Therefore, we have conducted simulation and analytic analysis to investigate how the microfluidic flow rate affects the EOT spectrum and verified the effect through experiment with a sandwiched device combining Au/Cr/Si3N4 nano-hole film and polydimethylsiloxane microchannels. We found significant spectral blue shift associated with even small flow rates, for example, 12.60 nm for 4.2 μl/min. This measurement error corresponds to 90 times the optical resolution of the current state-of-the-art commercially available spectrometer or 8400 times the limit of detection. This really severe measurement error suggests that we should pay attention to the microfluidic parameter setting for EOT-based flow-through nano-hole sensors and adopt right scheme to improve the measurement accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
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36
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Junesch J, Emilsson G, Xiong K, Kumar S, Sannomiya T, Pace H, Vörös J, Oh SH, Bally M, Dahlin AB. Location-specific nanoplasmonic sensing of biomolecular binding to lipid membranes with negative curvature. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15080-15085. [PMID: 26351000 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical processes of cell membranes are sensitive to the geometry of the lipid bilayer. We show how plasmonic "nanowells" provide label-free real-time analysis of molecules on membranes with detection of preferential binding at negative curvature. It is demonstrated that norovirus accumulate in invaginations due to multivalent interactions with glycosphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Junesch
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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37
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Emilsson G, Schoch RL, Feuz L, Höök F, Lim RYH, Dahlin AB. Strongly stretched protein resistant poly(ethylene glycol) brushes prepared by grafting-to. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7505-15. [PMID: 25812004 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a new grafting-to method for resistant "non-fouling" poly(ethylene glycol) brushes, which is based on grafting of polymers with reactive end groups in 0.9 M Na2SO4 at room temperature. The grafting process, the resulting brushes, and the resistance toward biomolecular adsorption are investigated by surface plasmon resonance, quartz crystal microbalance, and atomic force microscopy. We determine both grafting density and thickness independently and use narrow molecular weight distributions which result in well-defined brushes. High density (e.g., 0.4 coils per nm(2) for 10 kDa) and thick (40 nm for 20 kDa) brushes are readily achieved that suppress adsorption from complete serum (10× dilution, exposure for 50 min) by up to 99% on gold (down to 4 ng/cm(2) protein coverage). The brushes outperform oligo(ethylene glycol) monolayers prepared on the same surfaces and analyzed in the same manner. The brush heights are in agreement with calculations based on a simple model similar to the de Gennes "strongly stretched" brush, where the height is proportional to molecular weight. This result has so far generally been considered to be possible only for brushes prepared by grafting-from. Our results are consistent with the theory that the brushes act as kinetic barriers rather than efficient prevention of adsorption at equilibrium. We suggest that the free energy barrier for passing the brush depends on both monomer concentration and thickness. The extraordinary simplicity of the method and good inert properties of the brushes should make our results widely applicable in biointerface science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Emilsson
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rafael L Schoch
- ‡Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Fredrik Höök
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Roderick Y H Lim
- ‡Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas B Dahlin
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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38
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Abstract
A review of sensing applications based on plasmonic nanopores is given. Many new types of plasmonic nanopores have recently been fabricated, including pores penetrating multilayers of thin films, using a great variety of fabrication techniques based on either serial nanolithography or self-assembly. One unique advantage with nanopores compared to other plasmonic sensors is that sample liquids can flow through the surface, which increases the rate of binding and improves the detection limit under certain conditions. Also, by utilizing the continuous metal films, electrical control can be implemented for electrochemistry, dielectrophoresis and resistive heating. Much effort is still spent on trying to improve sensor performance in various ways, but the literature uses inconsistent benchmark parameters. Recently plasmonic nanopores have been used to analyse targets of high clinical or academic interest. Although this is an important step forward, one should probably reflect upon whether the same results could have been achieved with another optical technique. Overall, this critical review suggests that the research field would benefit by focusing on applications where plasmonic nanopores truly can offer unique advantages over similar techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Dahlin
- Chalmers University of Technology, Dept. of Applied Physics, Fysikgränd 3, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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39
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Dielacher B, Tiefenauer RF, Junesch J, Vörös J. Iodide sensing via electrochemical etching of ultrathin gold films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:025202. [PMID: 25513753 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/2/025202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Iodide is an essential element for humans and animals and insufficient intake is still a major problem. Affordable and accurate methods are required to quantify iodide concentrations in biological and environmental fluids. A simple and low cost sensing device is presented which is based on iodide induced electrochemical etching of ultrathin gold films. The sensitivity of resistance measurements to film thickness changes is increased by using films with a thickness smaller than the electron mean free path. The underlying mechanism is demonstrated by simultaneous cyclic voltammetry experiments and resistance change measurements in a buffer solution. Iodide sensing is conducted in buffer solutions as well as in lake water with limits of detection in the range of 1 μM (127 μg L(-1)) and 2 μM (254 μg L(-1)), respectively. In addition, nanoholes embedded in the thin films are tested for suitability of optical iodide sensing based on localized surface plasmon resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Dielacher
- Laboratory of Biosensors & Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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40
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Choi D, Shin CK, Yoon D, Chung DS, Jin YW, Lee LP. Plasmonic optical interference. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3374-3381. [PMID: 24807869 DOI: 10.1021/nl5008823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding optical interference is of great importance in fundamental and analytical optical design for next-generation personal, industrial, and military applications. So far, various researches have been performed for optical interference phenomena, but there have been no reports on plasmonic optical interference. Here, we report that optical interference could be effectively coupled with surface plasmons, resulting in enhanced optical absorption. We prepared a three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructure that consists of a plasmonic layer at the top, a nanoporous dielectric layer at the center, and a mirror layer at the bottom. The plasmonic layer mediates strong plasmonic absorption when the constructive interference pattern is matched with the plasmonic component. By tailoring the thickness of the dielectric layer, the strong plasmonic absorption can facilely be controlled and covers the full visible range. The plasmonic interference in the 3D nanostructure thus creates brilliant structural colors. We develop a design equation to determine the thickness of the dielectric layer in a 3D plasmonic nanostructure that could create the maximum absorption at a given wavelength. It is further demonstrated that the 3D plasmonic nanostructure can be realized on a flexible substrate. Our 3D plasmonic nanostructures will have a huge impact on the fields of optoelectronic systems, biochemical optical sensors, and spectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dukhyun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Kyung Hee University , Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
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41
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Virk M, Xiong K, Svedendahl M, Käll M, Dahlin AB. A thermal plasmonic sensor platform: resistive heating of nanohole arrays. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3544-9. [PMID: 24807397 DOI: 10.1021/nl5011542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have created a simple and efficient thermal plasmonic sensor platform by letting a DC current heat plasmonic nanohole arrays. The sensor can be used to determine thermodynamic parameters in addition to monitoring molecular reactions in real-time. As an application example, we use the thermal sensor to determine the kinetics and activation energy for desorption of thiol monolayers on gold. Further, the temperature of the metal can be measured optically by the spectral shift of the bonding surface plasmon mode (0.015 nm/K). We show that this resonance shift is caused by thermal lattice expansion, which reduces the plasma frequency of the metal. The sensor is also used to determine the thin film thermal expansion coefficient through a theoretical model for the expected resonance shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Virk
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg, Sweden
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42
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Junesch J, Sannomiya T. Ultrathin suspended nanopores with surface plasmon resonance fabricated by combined colloidal lithography and film transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6322-31. [PMID: 24701958 DOI: 10.1021/am405443y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Suspended plasmonic nanopores in ultrathin film layers were fabricated through a simple and widely applicable method combining colloidal lithography and thin film transfer, which allows mass production of short-range ordered nanopore arrays on a large scale. By this combined method, mechanically stable and flexible free-standing nanopore membranes with a thickness down to 15-30 nm were produced. The plasmon resonances of the ultrathin plasmonic nanopores fabricated in AlN/Au/AlN trilayer and single layer Au membranes were tuned to lie in the vis-NIR wavelength range by properly designing their dimensions. The optical responses to the refractive index changes were tested and applied to adlayer sensing. The trilayer nanopore membrane showed a unique property to support water only on one side of the membrane, which was confirmed by the resonance shift and comparison with numerical simulation. Pore size reduction down to 10 nm can be achieved through additional material deposition. The filtering function of such pore-size-reduced conical shaped nanofunnels has also been demonstrated. The presented nanopore fabrication method offers new platforms for ultrathin nanopore sensing or filtering devices with controlled pore-size and optical properties. The film transfer technique employed in this work would enable the transformation of any substrate-based nanostructures to free-standing membrane based devices without complicated multiple etching processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Junesch
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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43
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Wittenberg NJ, Johnson TW, Jordan LR, Xu X, Warrington AE, Rodriguez M, Oh SH. Formation of biomembrane microarrays with a squeegee-based assembly method. J Vis Exp 2014:51501. [PMID: 24837169 PMCID: PMC4032179 DOI: 10.3791/51501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid bilayer membranes form the plasma membranes of cells and define the boundaries of subcellular organelles. In nature, these membranes are heterogeneous mixtures of many types of lipids, contain membrane-bound proteins and are decorated with carbohydrates. In some experiments, it is desirable to decouple the biophysical or biochemical properties of the lipid bilayer from those of the natural membrane. Such cases call for the use of model systems such as giant vesicles, liposomes or supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). Arrays of SLBs are particularly attractive for sensing applications and mimicking cell-cell interactions. Here we describe a new method for forming SLB arrays. Submicron-diameter SiO2 beads are first coated with lipid bilayers to form spherical SLBs (SSLBs). The beads are then deposited into an array of micro-fabricated submicron-diameter microwells. The preparation technique uses a "squeegee" to clean the substrate surface, while leaving behind SSLBs that have settled into microwells. This method requires no chemical modification of the microwell substrate, nor any particular targeting ligands on the SSLB. Microwells are occupied by single beads because the well diameter is tuned to be just larger than the bead diameter. Typically, more 75% of the wells are occupied, while the rest remain empty. In buffer SSLB arrays display long-term stability of greater than one week. Multiple types of SSLBs can be placed in a single array by serial deposition, and the arrays can be used for sensing, which we demonstrate by characterizing the interaction of cholera toxin with ganglioside GM1. We also show that phospholipid vesicles without the bead supports and biomembranes from cellular sources can be arrayed with the same method and cell-specific membrane lipids can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy W Johnson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota
| | - Luke R Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | | | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota
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Tong L, Wei H, Zhang S, Xu H. Recent advances in plasmonic sensors. SENSORS 2014; 14:7959-73. [PMID: 24803189 PMCID: PMC4063061 DOI: 10.3390/s140507959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic sensing has been an important multidisciplinary research field and has been extensively used in detection of trace molecules in chemistry and biology. The sensing techniques are typically based on surface-enhanced spectroscopies and surface plasmon resonances (SPRs). This review article deals with some recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors and SPR sensors using either localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) or propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The advances discussed herein present some improvements in SERS and SPR sensing, as well as a new type of nanowire-based SPP sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Tong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shunping Zhang
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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46
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Junesch J, Sannomiya T. Reflection Phase and Amplitude Determination of Short-Range Ordered Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:247-252. [PMID: 26276208 DOI: 10.1021/jz402498n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The reflection phase and amplitude of a short-range ordered gold plasmonic nanohole array are measured in the vis-NIR range using an interferometric substrate. The phase flip is observed around the minimum of the reflection amplitude, which is consistent with the resonance of a single oscillator. Above the resonance wavelength, the phase shift roughly follows that of a continuous metal film with the same thickness. Numerical simulation of the corresponding hexagonal long-range ordered nanohole array exhibits similar phase behavior with a sharper phase flip at the amplitude minimum, where the field enhancement is strongest. By changing the refractive index of the surrounding medium, larger phase shifts as well as positive and negative amplitude changes were observed around the resonance wavelength. This interferometric substrate method enables simultaneous broad-band phase and amplitude acquisition on the second time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Junesch
- †Institute of Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Takumi Sannomiya
- ‡Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Kumar K, Dahlin AB, Sannomiya T, Kaufmann S, Isa L, Reimhult E. Embedded plasmonic nanomenhirs as location-specific biosensors. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:6122-6129. [PMID: 24188470 DOI: 10.1021/nl403445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel optical biosensing platform that exploits the asymmetry of nanostructures embedded in nanocavities, termed nanomenhirs. Upon oblique illumination using plane polarized white light, two plasmonic resonances attributable to the bases and the axes of the nanomenhirs emerge; these are used for location-specific sensing of membrane-binding events. Numerical simulations of the near field distributions confirmed the experimental results. As a proof-of-concept, we present a model biosensing experiment that exploits the dual-sensing capability, the size selectivity offered by the sensor geometry, and the possibility to separately biochemically modify the nanomenhirs and the nanocavities for the specific binding of lipid membrane structures to the nanomenhirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Kumar
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Bochenkov VE, Frederiksen M, Sutherland DS. Enhanced refractive index sensitivity of elevated short-range ordered nanohole arrays in optically thin plasmonic Au films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:14763-70. [PMID: 23787663 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.014763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A simple development of the colloidal lithography technique is demonstrated for fabrication of perforated plasmonic metal films elevated above the substrate surface. The bulk refractive index sensitivity of short-range ordered nanohole arrays in 20 nm thick Au films exhibits an increase of up to 37% due to reduction of substrate effect caused by lifting with a 40 nm silica layer. Analysis of the local electric field distribution suggests that the sensitivity increase is due to revealing of the enhanced field near the holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E Bochenkov
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Schwind M, Kasemo B, Zorić I. Localized and propagating plasmons in metal films with nanoholes. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1743-1750. [PMID: 23484456 DOI: 10.1021/nl400328x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of plasmon resonances in thin (~20 nm) Al and Au films, perforated with nanoholes, was studied. In both metals, two plasmon resonances were observed: (i) A surface plasmon polariton mode associated with a maximum in extinction and (ii) a localized resonance in the nanohole associated with a minimum in extinction. By varying the diameter of the nanoholes, the scaling of the peak positions of the plasmon resonances was determined as a function of hole diameter. In the large nanohole limit, the plasmon peak positions depend only on the nanohole diameter being independent of the material. On the other hand, for small nanoholes the plasmon peak positions are material and size dependent. In contrast to Al films where the localized plasmons can be excited from the near-IR to the UV, no plasmon resonances were observed for Au at energies above the interband threshold (2.4 eV). The interaction between a distinct interband transition in Al at 1.5 eV and the localized plasmon resonance is considered in detail. We observe for the first time experimentally a noncrossing behavior of the interband transition and the localized plasmon resonance. The energy (size) dependence of surface plasmon peak width, being a measure for the decay/damping of the latter, is very different for the two metals. This can be explained by considering the different decay mechanisms active in the two metals. Apart from these basic plasmonics results, we test the potential of using the shifts of the plasmon resonances in perforated Al films to follow the atmospheric oxidation/corrosion kinetics of Al. The results are quantified by model calculations. The obtained kinetic law for the oxide growth is in good agreement with a previous XPS study on plain Al films. This suggests that the nanohole-induced plasmon resonances can be a sensitive and simple measure for Al corrosion and metal corrosion in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schwind
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
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