1
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Lengle D, Schwarz M, Patjens S, Stuckelberger ME, Ruhmlieb C, Mews A, Dorn A. Tracking Cation Exchange in Individual Nanowires via Transistor Characterization. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18036-18045. [PMID: 38916252 PMCID: PMC11238621 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Cation exchange is a versatile method for modifying the material composition and properties of nanostructures. However, control of the degree of exchange and material properties is difficult at the single-particle level. Successive cation exchange from CdSe to Ag2Se has been utilized here on the same individual nanowires to monitor the change of electronic properties in field-effect transistor devices. The transistors were fabricated by direct synthesis of CdSe nanowires on prepatterned substrates followed by optical lithography. The devices were then subjected to cation exchange by submerging them in an exchange solution containing silver nitrate. By removal of the devices from solution and probing the electrical transport properties at different times, the change in electronic properties of individual nanowires could be monitored throughout the entire exchange reaction from CdSe to Ag2Se. Transistor characterization revealed that the electrical conductivity can be tuned by up to 8 orders of magnitude and the charge-carrier mobility by 7 orders of magnitude. While analysis of the material composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed successful cation exchange from CdSe to Ag2Se, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy proved that cation exchange also took place below the contacts. The method presented here demonstrates an efficient way to tune the material composition and access the resulting properties nondestructively at the single-particle level. This approach can be readily applied to many other material systems and can be used to study the electrical properties of nanostructures as a function of material composition or to optimize nanostructure-based devices after fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lengle
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schwarz
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Patjens
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael E. Stuckelberger
- Centre
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Ruhmlieb
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alf Mews
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Crêpellière J, El Hachemi M, Menguelti K, Adjeroud N, Gerard M, Bouton O, Lunca Popa P, Michel M, Leturcq R. Haze factor of silver nanowires in variable refractive index environment: experimental and simulation approaches. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:375703. [PMID: 38897181 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad59ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
While silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have been demonstrated as a highly efficient transparent conducting material, they suffer from strong light scattering, which is quantified by a large haze factor (HF) in the optical spectrum. Here we investigate the influence of the dielectric environment on the light scattering of Ag NWs by comparing experimental measurements and simulations. In air, two peaks on the HF spectra are observed experimentally at the wavelength ofλI= 350 nm andλII= 380 nm and are attributed by simulations to the influence of the Ag NWs pentagonal shape on the localized surface plasmon resonance. The relative intensity between the two peaks is found to be dependent on whether the Ag NWs are in contact with the glass substrate or not. The HF behaviour in the near IR region seems to be dominated by Rayleigh scattering following simulations results. Dielectric environments of Ag NWs with various refractive indexes were obtained experimentally by the conformal deposition of different metal oxide coatings using atomic layer deposition, including Al-doped zinc oxide, Al2O3and SiO2coatings. The HF is found to be correlated with the refractive index environment in terms of HF peaks position, intensity and broadening. This trend of HF peaks is supported by a theoretical model to understand the optical mechanism behind this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Crêpellière
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - M El Hachemi
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - K Menguelti
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - N Adjeroud
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - M Gerard
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - O Bouton
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - P Lunca Popa
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - M Michel
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - R Leturcq
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
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3
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Kim JJ, Shuji K, Zheng J, He X, Sajjad A, Zhang H, Su H, Choy WCH. Tri-system integration in metal-oxide nanocomposites via in-situ solution-processed method for ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2070. [PMID: 38453936 PMCID: PMC10920808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
For stable operation of ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes (uFTEs), it is critical to implement effective risk management during concurrent multi-loading operation of electrical bias and mechanical folding cycles in high-humidity environments. Despite extensive efforts in preparing solution-processed uFTEs with cost-effective and high-throughput means, achieving in-situ nano-adhesion in heterogeneous metal-oxide nanocomposites remains challenging. In this work, we observed by serendipity liquid-like behaviour of transparent metal-oxide-semiconductor zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) onto silver nanowires (AgNWs) developed by in-situ solution processed method (iSPM). This enabled us to address the long-standing issue of vulnerability in the nanocomposite caused by the interface of dissimilar materials between AgNWs and ZnONPs, resulting in a remarkably improved multi-loading operation. Importantly, substrate-integrated uFTEs constituted of the metal-oxide nanocomposite electrode semi-embedded in the polymer matrix of greatly thin <0.5 μm thickness is successfully demonstrated with the smooth surface topography, promoted by the tri-system integration including (i) AgNW-AgNW, (ii) ZnONP-ZnONP, and (iii) AgNW-ZnONP systems. Our finding unveils the complex interfacial dynamics associated with the heterogeneous interface system between AgNWs and ZnONPs and holds great promise in understanding the in-situ nano-adhesion process and increasing the design flexibility of next generation solution-processed uFTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jinwook Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kojima Shuji
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinjun He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ahmad Sajjad
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haibin Su
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Ji Y, Chen W, Yan D, Bullock J, Xu Y, Su Z, Yang W, Laird JS, Zheng T, Wu N, Zha W, Luo Q, Ma CQ, Smith TA, Liu F, Mulvaney P. An ITO-Free Kesterite Solar Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307242. [PMID: 37771206 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic thin film solar cells based on kesterite Cu2 ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) have reached 13.8% sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency. However, this efficiency is still far from the Shockley-Queisser radiative limit and is hindered by the significant deficit in open circuit voltage (VOC ). The presence of high-density interface states between the absorber layer and buffer or window layer leads to the recombination of photogenerated carriers, thereby reducing effective carrier collection. To tackle this issue, a new window structure ZnO/AgNW/ZnO/AgNW (ZAZA) comprising layers of ZnO and silver nanowires (AgNWs) is proposed. This structure offers a simple and low-damage processing method, resulting in improved optoelectronic properties and junction quality. The ZAZA-based devices exhibit enhanced VOC due to the higher built-in voltage (Vbi ) and reduced interface recombination compared to the usual indium tin oxide (ITO) based structures. Additionally, improved carrier collection is demonstrated as a result of the shortened collection paths and the more uniform carrier lifetime distribution. These advances enable the fabrication of the first ITO-free CZTSSe solar cells with over 10% efficiency without an anti-reflective coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Ji
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Wangxian Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Di Yan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James Bullock
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yang Xu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Zhenghua Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wentong Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jamie Stuart Laird
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Tian Zheng
- The Materials Characterisation and Fabrication Platform, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Na Wu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Wusong Zha
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qun Luo
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Trevor A Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fangyang Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Wu Z, Xing X, Sun Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li S, Wang W. Flexible Transparent Electrode Based on Ag Nanowires: Ag Nanoparticles Co-Doped System for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:505. [PMID: 38276445 PMCID: PMC10817252 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Flexible organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs) have promising potential for future wearable applications because of their exceptional mechanical flexibility. Silver nanowire (Ag NW) networks are the most promising candidates to replace indium tin oxide (ITO), which is limited by its poor bendability. In this study, three different methods including methanol impregnation, argon plasma treatment, and ultraviolet radiation were used to reduce the junction resistance of Ag NWs to optimize the flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs); which were prepared using Ag NWs and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS). Then, the optoelectronic properties of the FTEs were further improved by using a co-doped system of silver nanowires and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), the structure of which consisted of PET/Ag NWs: Ag NPs/PEDOT: PSS/DMSO. The largest FOM value of 1.42 × 10-2 ohm-1 and a low sheet resistance value of 13.86 ohm/sq were obtained using the optimized FTEs. The prepared FOLED based on the optimized FTEs had a luminous efficiency of 6.04 cd/A and a maximum EQE of 1.92%, and exhibited no observed decline in efficiency when reaching maximum luminance. After 500 bending tests, the luminance still reached 82% of the original value. It is demonstrated that the FTEs prepared via the co-doped system have excellent optoelectronic properties as well as high mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Wu
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xiaolin Xing
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Shuhong Li
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
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Min J, Jung Y, Ahn J, Lee JG, Lee J, Ko SH. Recent Advances in Biodegradable Green Electronic Materials and Sensor Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211273. [PMID: 36934454 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As environmental issues have become the dominant agenda worldwide, the necessity for more environmentally friendly electronics has recently emerged. Accordingly, biodegradable or nature-derived materials for green electronics have attracted increased interest. Initially, metal-green hybrid electronics are extensively studied. Although these materials are partially biodegradable, they have high utility owing to their metallic components. Subsequently, carbon-framed materials (such as graphite, cylindrical carbon nanomaterials, graphene, graphene oxide, laser-induced graphene) have been investigated. This has led to the adoption of various strategies for carbon-based materials, such as blending them with biodegradable materials. Moreover, various conductive polymers have been developed and researchers have studied their potential use in green electronics. Researchers have attempted to fabricate conductive polymer composites with high biodegradability by shortening the polymer chains. Furthermore, various physical, chemical, and biological sensors that are essential to modern society have been studied using biodegradable compounds. These recent advances in green electronics have paved the way toward their application in real life, providing a brighter future for society.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinKi Min
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongju Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Ahn
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gun Lee
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research/Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Tareq S, Kirkil G, Özuğur Uysal B. Superior Conductivity of Transparent ZnO/MoS 2 Composite Films for Optoelectronic and Solar Cell Applications. Gels 2023; 9:906. [PMID: 37998996 PMCID: PMC10671341 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of transparent conductive oxides in optoelectronics created a revolution where new-generation materials with high transmittance, low sheet resistance values, durability, and portability can be achieved without decreasing efficiency or increasing costs. Transparent ZnO/MoS2 sandwich-structured conductive composite films were produced in this study via the sol-gel method, which is considered the most efficient method due to its simple process and low cost. The crystal structure properties of ZnO/MoS2 were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The crystal sizes of ZnO films doped with different amounts of MoS2 were determined. A UV-visible absorption spectrometer was used to perform the spectroscopic analysis of the film. The area under the absorption curve and the full width of the half-maxima of absorbance data were calculated. Using these values, the optimum amount of MoS2 was determined for the best additive distribution. In addition, in order to determine the best transparent conductive material, resistance values measured via the four-point probe method were compared for different MoS2 additive amounts. The optical and electrical characterizations of transparent ZnO/MoS2 conductive oxide films were investigated. According to the parameters obtained via UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, and four-point probe measurements, the most effective dispersion that exhibits a low width ratio and high resonance ratio was found for ZnO/MoS2 with a doping amount of 4 mg, the crystallite size of the films was found to be within the range of 21.5 and 24.6 nm, and these observations demonstrated a figure-of-merit value of more than 4.8 × 10-2 with respect to these sandwich-structured films. Compared to the values of previous studies on various transparent ZnO-doped conductive oxide materials, it is possible to claim that these new films have a structure that is very similar to the transparent conductivity characteristics of other films, and they may even be superior relative to some MoS2 amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bengü Özuğur Uysal
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, 34083 Istanbul, Turkey
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Feng J, Liu R, Yuan X, Cao C, Xie J, Sun Z, Ma S, Nie S. MXene-enhanced ePatch with antibacterial activity for wound healing. Front Chem 2023; 11:1280040. [PMID: 37927562 PMCID: PMC10620505 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1280040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prudent wound-healing strategies hold great potential in expediting tissue renovation and regeneration. Despite the widespread adoption of hydrogels as preferred carriers for wound healing patches, achieving optimal mechanical compatibility and superior wound performance remains a formidable challenge. Consequently, meticulous attention must be given to the formulation of hydrogel structure and materials design to overcome these hurdles. In response, we have developed an ePatch composed of polyacrylamide (PAAM) as the primary hydrogel structure, augmented with MXene, silver nanowires (AgNWs), and resveratrol to act as sustained-release agents, structural enhancers, and antibacterial agents, respectively. Notably, the ePatch exhibited exceptional wound-fitting capabilities and impressive mechanical stretchability (with a relative standard deviation [RSD] of only 1.36% after 55 stretches) and Young's modulus. In contrast to the commercial 3M Tegaderm, the ePatch demonstrated superior wound healing properties, with the inclusion of MXene into PAAM/AgNWs playing a pivotal role in expanding the ePatch's potential use across various interconnected fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changkui Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Kumar S, Seo Y. Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrodes: Unveiling Growth Mechanisms, Material Dimensions, Fabrication Methods, and Design Strategies. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300908. [PMID: 37821417 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) constitute an indispensable component in state-of-the-art electronic devices, such as wearable flexible sensors, flexible displays, artificial skin, and biomedical devices, etc. This review paper offers a comprehensive overview of the fabrication techniques, growth modes, material dimensions, design, and their impacts on FTCEs fabrication. The growth modes, such as the "Stranski-Krastanov growth," "Frank-van der Merwe growth," and "Volmer-Weber growth" modes provide flexibility in fabricating FTCEs. Application of different materials including 0D, 1D, 2D, polymer composites, conductive oxides, and hybrid materials in FTCE fabrication, emphasizing their suitability in flexible devices are discussed. This review also delves into the design strategies of FTCEs, including microgrids, nanotroughs, nanomesh, nanowires network, and "kirigami"-inspired patterns, etc. The pros and cons associated with these materials and designs are also addressed appropriately. Considerations such as trade-offs between electrical conductivity and optical transparency or "figure of merit (FoM)," "strain engineering," "work function," and "haze" are also discussed briefly. Finally, this review outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of FTCEs for flexible electronics, including the improved trade-offs between optoelectronic parameters, novel materials development, mechanical stability, reproducibility, scalability, and durability enhancement, safety, biocompatibility, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yongho Seo
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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10
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Wang B, Yu S, Huang L. Zinc Oxide-Encapsulated Copper Nanowires for Stable Transparent Conductors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2659. [PMID: 37836300 PMCID: PMC10574395 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Cu nanowire (NW)-based transparent conductors are considered to be highly promising constituents of next-generation flexible transparent electronics. However, the fast oxidation of copper under ambient conditions hinders the use of Cu NWs. Herein, we demonstrate a low-cost and scalable approach for preparing a ZnO shell on the surface of Cu NWs under ambient conditions. The covered ZnO shells enhance the oxidative stability of Cu NWs. The optical and electrical properties of ZnO@Cu NWs remain similar to the original performance of the Cu NWs (for example, before encapsulating: 13.5 Ω/sq. at 84.3%, after encapsulating: 19.2 Ω/sq. at 86.7%), which indicates that encapsulation with a ZnO shell enables the preservation of the transparency and conductivity of Cu NW networks. More importantly, the ZnO@Cu NWs exhibit excellent stability in terms of long-term storage, hot/humid environments, and strong oxidizing atmosphere/solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Shihui Yu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Liang Huang
- National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
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11
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Chavan GT, Kim Y, Khokhar MQ, Hussain SQ, Cho EC, Yi J, Ahmad Z, Rosaiah P, Jeon CW. A Brief Review of Transparent Conducting Oxides (TCO): The Influence of Different Deposition Techniques on the Efficiency of Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1226. [PMID: 37049320 PMCID: PMC10096935 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Global-warming-induced climate changes and socioeconomic issues increasingly stimulate reviews of renewable energy. Among energy-generation devices, solar cells are often considered as renewable sources of energy. Lately, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are playing a significant role as back/front contact electrodes in silicon heterojunction solar cells (SHJ SCs). In particular, the optimized Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) has served as a capable TCO material to improve the efficiency of SHJ SCs, due to excellent physicochemical properties such as high transmittance, electrical conductivity, mobility, bandgap, and a low refractive index. The doped-ITO thin films had promising characteristics and helped in promoting the efficiency of SHJ SCs. Further, SHJ technology, together with an interdigitated back contact structure, achieved an outstanding efficiency of 26.7%. The present article discusses the deposition of TCO films by various techniques, parameters affecting TCO properties, characteristics of doped and undoped TCO materials, and their influence on SHJ SC efficiency, based on a review of ongoing research and development activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh T. Chavan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Youngkuk Kim
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahzada Qamar Hussain
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Eun-Chel Cho
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsin Yi
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Applied College, Mahala Campus, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pitcheri Rosaiah
- Department of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Chan-Wook Jeon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea;
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12
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Słoma M. 3D printed electronics with nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5623-5648. [PMID: 36880539 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A large variety of printing, deposition and writing techniques have been incorporated to fabricate electronic devices in the last decades. This approach, printed electronics, has gained great interest in research and practical applications and is successfully fuelling the growth in materials science and technology. On the other hand, a new player is emerging, additive manufacturing, called 3D printing, introducing a new capability to create geometrically complex constructs with low cost and minimal material waste. Having such tremendous technology in our hands, it was just a matter of time to combine advances of printed electronics technology for the fabrication of unique 3D structural electronics. Nanomaterial patterning with additive manufacturing techniques can enable harnessing their nanoscale properties and the fabrication of active structures with unique electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, magnetic and biological properties. In this paper, we will briefly review the properties of selected nanomaterials suitable for electronic applications and look closer at the current achievements in the synergistic integration of nanomaterials with additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate 3D printed structural electronics. The focus is fixed strictly on techniques allowing as much as possible fabrication of spatial 3D objects, or at least conformal ones on 3D printed substrates, while only selected techniques are adaptable for 3D printing of electronics. Advances in the fabrication of conductive paths and circuits, passive components, antennas, active and photonic components, energy devices, microelectromechanical systems and sensors are presented. Finally, perspectives for development with new nanomaterials, multimaterial and hybrid techniques, bioelectronics, integration with discrete components and 4D-printing are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Słoma
- Micro- and Nanotechnology Division, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, 8 Sw. A Boboli St., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Yoon H, Matteini P, Hwang B. Effect of the Blade-Coating Conditions on the Electrical and Optical Properties of Transparent Ag Nanowire Electrodes. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:114. [PMID: 36677175 PMCID: PMC9862827 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the coating conditions for a doctor blading system is important when seeking to improve the performance of Ag nanowire electrodes. In this study, the effect of the blading height and speed on the optical and electrical properties of Ag nanowire electrodes was investigated. Ag nanowires were first spread on a PET substrate using a doctor blade with differing heights at a fixed blading speed. An increase in the blading height resulted in the degradation of the optical transmittance and stronger haze due to the higher probability of Ag nanowire agglomeration arising from the greater wet thickness. When the blading speed was varied, the optical transmittance and haze were unaffected up until 20 mm/s, followed by minor degradation of the optical properties at blading speeds over 25 mm/s. The higher speeds hindered the spread of the Ag nanowire solution, which also increased the probability of Ag nanowire agglomeration. However, this degradation was less serious compared to that observed with a change in the blading height. Therefore, optimizing the blading height was confirmed to be the priority for the production of high-performance transparent Ag nanowire electrodes. Our study thus provides practical guidance for the fabrication of Ag nanowire electrodes using doctor blading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsub Yoon
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Byungil Hwang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kim S, Lee K, Lee Y, Youe W, Gwon J, Lee S. Transparent and Multi-Foldable Nanocellulose Paper Microsupercapacitors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203720. [PMID: 36257816 PMCID: PMC9731695 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ever-increasing demand for transparent power sources in wireless optoelectronics, most of them have still relied on synthetic chemicals, thus limiting their versatile applications. Here, a class of transparent nanocellulose paper microsupercapacitors (TNP-MSCs) as a beyond-synthetic-material strategy is demonstrated. Onto semi-interpenetrating polymer network-structured, thiol-modified transparent nanocellulose paper, a thin layer of silver nanowire and a conducting polymer (chosen as a pseudocapacitive electrode material) are consecutively introduced through microscale-patterned masks (which are fabricated by electrohydrodynamic jet printing) to produce a transparent conductive electrode (TNP-TCE) with planar interdigitated structure. This TNP-TCE, in combination with solid-state gel electrolytes, enables on-demand (in-series/in-parallel) cell configurations in a single body of TNP-MSC. Driven by this structural uniqueness and scalable microfabrication, the TNP-MSC exhibits improvements in optical transparency (T = 85%), areal capacitance (0.24 mF cm-2 ), controllable voltage (7.2 V per cell), and mechanical flexibility (origami airplane), which exceed those of previously reported transparent MSCs based on synthetic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang‐Woo Kim
- Department of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UNIST‐gil 50, Eonyang‐eup, Ulju‐gunUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon‐Hyung Lee
- Department of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UNIST‐gil 50, Eonyang‐eup, Ulju‐gunUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Hyeok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei University50, Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐guSeoul03772Republic of Korea
| | - Won‐Jae Youe
- Department of Forest ProductsNational Institute of Forest ScienceSeoul02455Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Gyoung Gwon
- Department of Forest ProductsNational Institute of Forest ScienceSeoul02455Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei University50, Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐guSeoul03772Republic of Korea
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15
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Qin Y, Yao L, Zhang F, Li R, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cheng T, Lai W, Mi B, Zhang X, Huang W. Highly Stable Silver Nanowires/Biomaterial Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38021-38030. [PMID: 35959592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) possess excellent optoelectrical properties, mechanical robustness, and environmental adaptability are important for the industrial scale development of flexible electronics. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are widely used in FTEs owing to their excellent optoelectrical properties and mechanical flexibility. However, the high surface roughness and poor stability of AgNWs FTEs still limit their practical applications. Here, highly stable FTEs are demonstrated via combining AgNWs and biomaterial propolis which is eco-friendly and antioxidative. The AgNWs/propolis composite transparent electrodes exhibit excellent optoelectrical performance as well as a smooth surface (root-mean-square roughness ∼ 6.2 nm). Meanwhile, the composite electrodes possess high mechanical stability (10,000 bending cycles), thermal stability, and environmental adaptability (60 °C and 85 ± 3% humidity for 700 h). The versatile composite FTEs show great potential applications in organic light-emitting diodes and pressure sensors, which exhibit high performance, mechanical stability, and environmental adaptability. Our strategy of introducing biocompatible materials into metallic nanowires opens up new possibilities to achieve high-quality FTEs in a simple and eco-friendly way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lanqian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuehua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenyong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baoxiu Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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16
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Chae WH, Patil JJ, Grossman JC. Conformal Encapsulation of Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes by Nanosized Reduced Graphene Oxide Leading to Improved All-Round Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34997-35009. [PMID: 35861058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are promising as next-generation transparent conductive electrodes due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, mechanical flexibility, as well as low material and processing costs. However, AgNWs are prone to thermally induced fragmentation and chemical degradation, necessitating a conformal protective coating typically achieved by low-throughput methods such as sputtering or atomic layer deposition. Herein, we report a facile all-solution-based approach to synthesize a conformally coated AgNW network by nanosized reduced graphene oxide R(nGO). In this method, probe ultrasonication is used to obtain nanosized GO, which is coated on AgNWs by a layer-by-layer approach and then chemically treated to form R(nGO)/AgNW. We show that our transparent electrode has excellent transmittance (85-92%) and sheet resistance (17.5 Ω/sq), combined with outstanding thermal and electrothermal stability, thanks to the conformal nature of the R(nGO) film, and demonstrate its use as a transparent heater with a high maximum temperature. This, in conjunction with improved long-term chemical and mechanical bending stability of R(nGO)/AgNW, indicates that our newly developed process represents an effective and low-cost strategy to improve the overall operational resilience of metal nanowire-based transparent conductive electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyun Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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17
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Ilatovskii DA, Gilshtein EP, Glukhova OE, Nasibulin AG. Transparent Conducting Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes: Rational Design toward the Theoretical Limit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201673. [PMID: 35712777 PMCID: PMC9405519 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive thin-film materials possessing high transparency are essential components for many optoelectronic devices. The advancement in the transparent conductor applications requires a replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO), one of the key materials in electronics. ITO and other transparent conductive metal oxides have several drawbacks, including poor flexibility, high refractive index and haze, limited chemical stability, and depleted raw material supply. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a promising alternative for transparent conducting films (TCFs) because of their unique and excellent chemical and physical properties. Here, the latest achievements in the optoelectronic performance of TCFs based on SWCNTs are analyzed. Various approaches to evaluate the performance of transparent electrodes are briefly reviewed. A roadmap for further research and development of the transparent conductors using "rational design," which breaks the deadlock for obtaining the TCFs with a performance close to the theoretical limit, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A. Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel Str. 3Moscow143026Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniia P. Gilshtein
- Empa‐Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129Dübendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Saratov State UniversityAstrakhanskaya Str. 83Saratov410012Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityBolshaya Pirogovskaya Str. 2–4Moscow119991Russian Federation
| | - Albert G. Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel Str. 3Moscow143026Russian Federation
- Aalto UniversityEspooFI‐00076Finland
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18
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Zhou H, Han SJ, Harit AK, Kim DH, Kim DY, Choi YS, Kwon H, Kim KN, Go GT, Yun HJ, Hong BH, Suh MC, Ryu SY, Woo HY, Lee TW. Graphene-Based Intrinsically Stretchable 2D-Contact Electrodes for Highly Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203040. [PMID: 35697021 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable organic light-emitting diodes (ISOLEDs) are becoming essential components of wearable electronics. However, the efficiencies of ISOLEDs have been highly inferior compared with their rigid counterparts, which is due to the lack of ideal stretchable electrode materials that can overcome the poor charge injection at 1D metallic nanowire/organic interfaces. Herein, highly efficient ISOLEDs that use graphene-based 2D-contact stretchable electrodes (TCSEs) that incorporate a graphene layer on top of embedded metallic nanowires are demonstrated. The graphene layer modifies the work function, promotes charge spreading, and impedes inward diffusion of oxygen and moisture. The work function (WF) of 3.57 eV is achieved by forming a strong interfacial dipole after deposition of a newly designed conjugated polyelectrolyte with crown ether and anionic sulfonate groups on TCSE; this is the lowest value ever reported among ISOLEDs, which overcomes the existing problem of very poor electron injection in ISOLEDs. Subsequent pressure-controlled lamination yields a highly efficient fluorescent ISOLED with an unprecedently high current efficiency of 20.3 cd A-1 , which even exceeds that of an otherwise-identical rigid counterpart. Lastly, a 3 inch five-by-five passive matrix ISOLED is demonstrated using convex stretching. This work can provide a rational protocol for designing intrinsically stretchable high-efficiency optoelectronic devices with favorable interfacial electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jung Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University, Sejong Campus, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yoon Kim
- Graphene Square Inc., Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyeokjun Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Nyeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Tak Go
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Yun
- Advanced Nano Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Graphene Square Inc., Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Suh
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Ryu
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University, Sejong Campus, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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19
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Tang B, Zhao Y, Yang S, Guo Z, Wang Z, Xing A, Liu X. Effect of Surface Charge Characteristics of Ferroelectric LiNbO 3 on Wettability of Ionic Liquids. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122085. [PMID: 35745424 PMCID: PMC9228295 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Electrowetting is a widely used and effective method to tune the wettability of ionic liquids at solid-liquid interfaces, but it usually requires an external electric field. Here, we proposed a strategy for conveniently tuning ionic liquid wettability by adopting ferroelectric LiNbO3 single crystals as functional substrates. A heating pretreatment process was applied to modulate the surface charge characteristics of LiNbO3 substrates, leading to an improved wettability of [EMIM][BF4] and [EMIM][NTf2] on the LiNbO3 substrates with both positively poled (+Z) and negatively poled (−Z) surfaces. This work may be of great interest in the field of ferroelectric-based microelectronics.
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20
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Wang L, Feng Y, Li Z, Liu G. Nanoscale thermoplasmonic welding. iScience 2022; 25:104422. [PMID: 35663015 PMCID: PMC9156941 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing direct, close contact between individual nano-objects is crucial to fabricating hierarchical and multifunctional nanostructures. Nanowelding is a technical prerequisite for successfully manufacturing such structures. In this paper, we review the nanoscale thermoplasmonic welding with a focus on its physical mechanisms, key influencing factor, and emerging applications. The basic mechanisms are firstly described from the photothermal conversion to self-limited heating physics. Key aspects related to the welding process including material scrutinization, nanoparticle geometric and spatial configuration, heating scheme and performance characterization are then discussed in terms of the distinctive properties of plasmonic welding. Based on the characteristics of high precision and flexible platform of thermoplasmonic welding, the potential applications are further highlighted from electronics and optics to additive manufacturing. Finally, the future challenges and prospects are outlined for future prospects of this dynamic field. This work summarizes these innovative concepts and works on thermoplasmonic welding, which is significant to establish a common link between nanoscale welding and additive manufacturing communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yijun Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ze Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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21
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Ye H, Zhuang G, Pan Y, Wang H, Li Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Zeng X. Controllable synthesis of silver nanowires via an organic cation‐mediated polyol method and their application as transparent electrode for touch screen. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huangqing Ye
- SZU‐NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Guisheng Zhuang
- Research and develop center Shenzhen Huake‐Tek Co., Ltd. Shenzhen China
| | - Yingying Pan
- Research and develop center Shenzhen Huake‐Tek Co., Ltd. Shenzhen China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Research and develop center Shenzhen Huake‐Tek Co., Ltd. Shenzhen China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Research and develop center Shenzhen Huake‐Tek Co., Ltd. Shenzhen China
| | - Yishan Lin
- Research and develop center Shenzhen Huake‐Tek Co., Ltd. Shenzhen China
| | - Yu Wang
- SZU‐NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Xiping Zeng
- Research and develop center Shenzhen Huake‐Tek Co., Ltd. Shenzhen China
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22
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Khan S, Stamate E. Comparative Study of Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide, Gallium-Doped Zinc Oxide and Indium-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1539. [PMID: 35564248 PMCID: PMC9104591 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A timely replacement of the rather expensive indium-doped tin oxide with aluminum-doped zinc oxide is hindered by the poor uniformity of electronic properties when deposited by magnetron sputtering. Recent results demonstrated the ability to improve the uniformity and to decrease the resistivity of aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films by decreasing the energy of the oxygen-negative ions assisting in thin film growth by using a tuning electrode. In this context, a comparative study was designed to elucidate if the same phenomenology holds for gallium-doped zinc oxide and indium-doped tin oxide as well. The metal oxide thin films have been deposited in the same setup for similar discharge parameters, and their properties were measured with high spatial resolution and correlated with the erosion track on the target's surface. Furthermore, the films were also subject to post annealing and degradation tests by wet etching. While the tuning electrode was able to reduce the self-bias for all three materials, only the doped zinc oxide films exhibited properties correlating with the erosion track.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugen Stamate
- National Center for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 347, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Yan S, Wang H, Li P. A solution-processed Ag@ZnO core–shell nanowire network for stretchable transparent electromagnetic interference shielding application. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We develop a method to prepare Ag@ZnO core–shell heterojunction nanowire networks with high EMI shielding effectiveness due to enhancement in microwave absorption via microwave-assisted interface charge transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Yan
- School of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Henan Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
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24
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Enhancing SERS Intensity by Coupling PSPR and LSPR in a Crater Structure with Ag Nanowires. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112411855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive characteristics of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can be applied to various fields, and this has been of interest to many researchers. Propagating surface plasmon resonance (PSPR) was initially utilized but, recently, it has been studied coupled with localized surface plasmon resonance that occurs in metal nanostructures. In this study, a new type of metal microstructure, named crater, was used for generating PSPR and Ag nanowires (AgNWs) for the generation of LSPR. A crater structure was fabricated on a GaAs (100) wafer using the wet chemical etching method. Then, a metal film was deposited inside the crater, and AgNWs were uniformly coated inside using the spray coating method. Metal films were used to enhance the electromagnetic field when coupled with AgNWs to obtain a high SERS intensity. The SERS intensity measured inside the crater structure with deposited AgNWs was up to 17.4 times higher than that of the flat structure with a deposited Ag film. These results suggest a new method for enhancing the SERS phenomenon, and it is expected that a larger SERS intensity can be obtained by fine-tuning the crater size and diameter and the length of the AgNWs.
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25
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Sha S, Lu H, Yang S, Li T, Wu J, Ma J, Wang K, Hou C, Sheng Z, Li Y. One-step electrodeposition of ZnO/graphene composite film as photoanode for dye-sensitised solar cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Zhao X, Li M, Jiang L, Tang H, Guan Y. Preparation of Device-Level ZnO-Covered Silver Nanowires Films and Their Applications as Sub-Electrode for Polymer Solar Cells. Front Chem 2021; 9:683728. [PMID: 34631656 PMCID: PMC8497896 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.683728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowire films are good candidates to be used as transparent conductive films that could be widely utilized in organic photoelectronic devices such as polymer solar cells. However, their application is usually limited, as they are mainly used as top electrode materials; otherwise, they would be prone to complex transferring processes. In this study, we successfully prepared device-level ZnO-covered silver nanowire (AgNWs/ZnO) films. ZnO was prepared by a spray pyrolysis method using zinc-ammonia solution at a relatively low temperature (95°C). The films showed good adhesive properties to the glass substrate, considering it withstood the process of applying polyimide tapes on the surface and tearing them off more than 100 times. It also exhibited good conductivity (∼24 Ω/sq) with high transmittance in the visible range (>80%). After a simple polish and patterning, AgNWs/ZnO showed a good performance as a sub-electrode for polymer solar cells. The PM6:Y6 devices achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 8.37% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.81 V, a short-circuit current density of 18.18 mA/cm2, and a yield of 81.25%. This indicates that the technology has a good prospect of large-scale fabrication of organic photoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Graduate Department, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Graduate Department, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Linping Jiang
- Graduate Department, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Hua Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Youwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
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27
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Research Progress of Transparent Electrode Materials with Sandwich Structure. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154097. [PMID: 34361291 PMCID: PMC8348534 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The nonrenewable nature of fossil energy has led to a gradual decrease in reserves. Meanwhile, as society becomes increasingly aware of the severe pollution caused by fossil energy, the demand for clean energy, such as solar energy, is rising. Moreover, in recent years, electronic devices with screens, such as mobile phones and computers, have had increasingly higher requirements for light transmittance. Whether in solar cells or in the display elements of electronic devices, transparent conductive films directly affect the performance of these devices as a cover layer. In this context, the development of transparent electrodes with low sheet resistance and high light transmittance has become one of the most urgent issues in related fields. At the same time, conventional electrodes can no longer meet the needs of some of the current flexible devices. Because of the high sheet resistance, poor light transmittance, and poor bending stability of the conventional tin-doped indium tin oxide conductive film and fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent conductive glass, there is a need to find alternatives with better performance. In this article, the progress of research on transparent electrode materials with sandwich structures and their advantages is reviewed according to the classification of conductive materials to provide reference for research in related fields.
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28
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Yang Y, Xu B, Hou J. Solution‐Processed
Silver Nanowire as Flexible Transparent Electrodes in Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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29
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Zhu X, Liu M, Qi X, Li H, Zhang YF, Li Z, Peng Z, Yang J, Qian L, Xu Q, Gou N, He J, Li D, Lan H. Templateless, Plating-Free Fabrication of Flexible Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Silver Mesh by Electric-Field-Driven Microscale 3D Printing and Hybrid Hot Embossing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007772. [PMID: 33829552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with an embedded metal mesh are considered a promising alternative to traditional indium tin oxide (ITO) due to their excellent photoelectric performance, surface roughness, and mechanical and environmental stability. However, great challenges remain for achieving simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly manufacturing of high-performance FTEs with embedded metal mesh. Herein, a maskless, templateless, and plating-free fabrication technique is proposed for FTEs with embedded silver mesh by combining an electric-field-driven (EFD) microscale 3D printing technique and a newly developed hybrid hot-embossing process. The final fabricated FTE exhibits superior optoelectronic properties with a transmittance of 85.79%, a sheet resistance of 0.75 Ω sq-1 , a smooth surface of silver mesh (Ra ≈ 18.8 nm) without any polishing treatment, and remarkable mechanical stability and environmental adaptability with a negligible increase in sheet resistance under diverse cyclic tests and harsh working conditions (1000 bending cycles, 80 adhesion tests, 120 scratch tests, 100 min ultrasonic test, and 72 h chemical attack). The practical viability of this FTE is successfully demonstrated with a flexible transparent heater applied to deicing. The technique proposed offers a promising fabrication strategy with a cost-effective and environmentally friendly process for high-performance FTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Hongke Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Zhang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Zilong Peng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
- College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Nairui Gou
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Jiankang He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Lan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
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30
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Yu S, Liu X, Wu M, Dong H, Wang X, Li L. All-Solution-Processed Molybdenum Oxide-Encapsulated Silver Nanowire Flexible Transparent Conductors with Improved Conductivity and Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14470-14478. [PMID: 33733722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel transparent conductive conductor composed of a silver nanowire (AgNW) network and MoOx on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, with contemporaneously improved adhesion and reduced resistivity, is prepared using the full-solution process without high-temperature annealing. Under the optimized conditions, a MoOx/AgNW/MoOx multilayer is achieved, which shows much superior optoelectronic performance to that obtained from ITO with a high optical transmittance of 89.2% and a low sheet resistance of ∼12.5 Ω/sq. Unlike pure AgNW films, the sheet resistance is little changed after the tape and ultrasonication tests, illustrating a very strong adhesion to the PET substrate after the encapsulation of MoOx. Moreover, the multilayer film exhibits excellent stability to resist mechanical bending and acid damage. In addition, the successful implementation of the flexible transparent heater demonstrates the practical application value of the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Yu
- School of Microelectronics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Microelectronics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Muying Wu
- School of Electronic Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Guangdong, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Helei Dong
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- School of Microelectronics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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31
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Bhatnagar P, Nguyen TT, Kim S, Seo JH, Patel M, Kim J. Transparent photovoltaic memory for neuromorphic device. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5243-5250. [PMID: 33650601 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08966d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspired electronic devices have significant potential for use in memory devices of the future, including in the context of neuromorphic computing and architecture. This study proposes a transparent heterojunction device for the artificial human visual cortex. Owing to their high transparency, such devices directly react to incoming light to mimic neurological and biological processes in the nervous system. Metal-oxide materials are applied to form a transparent heterojunction (n-type ZnO/p-type NiO) in the proposed device that also provides the photovoltaic function to realize the optic nerve system. The device also exhibits nociceptive features. Its transparent photovoltaic feature endows it with self-powered operation that ensures long-term reliability without needing to replace the power system. This self-powered and highly transparent visual electronic device can provide a route for sustainable applications of neuromorphic computing, including artificial eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhatnagar
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Thanh Tai Nguyen
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Sangho Kim
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Ji Heun Seo
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Malkeshkumar Patel
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Joondong Kim
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
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32
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Patil JJ, Chae WH, Trebach A, Carter KJ, Lee E, Sannicolo T, Grossman JC. Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004356. [PMID: 33346400 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanowire (MNW)-based transparent electrode technologies have significantly matured over the last decade to become a prominent low-cost alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). Beyond reaching the same level of performance as ITO, MNW networks offer additional advantages including flexibility and low materials cost. To facilitate adoption of MNW networks as a replacement to ITO, they must overcome their inherent stability issues while maintaining their properties and cost-effectiveness. Herein, the fundamental failure mechanisms of MNW networks are discussed in detail. Recent strategies to computationally model MNWs from the nano- to macroscale and suggest future work to capture dynamic failure to unravel mechanisms that account for convolution of the failure modes are highlighted. Strategies to characterize MNW network failure in situ and postmortem are also discussed. In addition, recent work about improving the stability of MNW networks via encapsulation is discussed. Lastly, a perspective is given on how to frame the requirements of MNW-encapsulant hybrids with reference to their target applications, namely: solar cells, transparent film heaters, sensors, and displays. A cost analysis to comment on the feasibility of implementing MNW hybrids is provided, and critical areas to focus on for future work on MNW networks are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Woo Hyun Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adam Trebach
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ki-Jana Carter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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33
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Qomariyah L, Widiyastuti W, Kusdianto K, Nurtono T, Anggoro D, Winardi S. Rapid electrospray synthesis and photocatalytic activities inhibition by ZnO–SiO2 composite particles. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Wang Y, Xu H, Zan G, Wu T, Wu Q. A pie-like structure double-sidedly assembled with ZnO-nanodisks vertically on Cu-nanoplates and its photochemical properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127292. [PMID: 32593007 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel pie-like structure of vertically stacked ZnO-nanodisks on Cu-nanoplates interlayer is prepared for the first time by a facile synthesis. The photochemical activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under UV-light. Because of the formation of heterojunction and closely-bonded layered structure, the novel nanocomposites can restrain the recombination of charge carriers and have better collection ability of light. The photocatalytic experiments show that the composites are 258% of the catalytic activity of pure ZnO-nanodisks prepared by the same method, and the target pollutant RhB was almost completely degraded (96.5%) within only 10 mins. The novel Cu-nanoplates/ZnO-nanodisks assembled materials with greatly promoted performance are of significant interest for chemical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongwu Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guangtao Zan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qingsheng Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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35
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Mathieu-Pennober T, Foldyna M, Zhang ST, Julien FH, Schneider N, Tchernycheva M. Improvement of carrier collection in Si/a-Si:H nanowire solar cells by using hybrid ITO/silver nanowires contacts. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:435408. [PMID: 32650318 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba4ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices based on high aspect ratio nanowires bring new challenges for transparent electrodes, which can be well addressed by using hybrid structures. Here we demonstrate that a composite contact to radial junction nanowire solar cells made of a thin indium-tin oxide (ITO) layer and silver nanowires greatly improves the collection of charge carriers as compared to a single thick ITO layer by reducing the series resistance losses while improving the transparency. The optimization is performed on p-i-n solar cells comprising of dense non-vertical nanowires with a p-doped c-Si core and an ultra-thin a-Si:H absorption layer grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on glass substrates. The optimal hybrid contact developed in this work is demonstrated to increase the solar cell conversion efficiency from 4.3% to 6.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Mathieu-Pennober
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), UMR 9001 CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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36
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Sorting purified silver nanowires using supercritical carbon dioxide elutriation coupled with membrane for fabricating flexible and transparent conductive electrodes. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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37
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Zhu J, Han D, Wu X, Ting J, Du S, Arias AC. Highly Flexible Transparent Micromesh Electrodes via Blade-Coated Polymer Networks for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31687-31695. [PMID: 32543852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The availability of transparent conductive thin films that exhibit mechanical flexibility and are adapted to low-cost and large-area fabrication is a major obstacle for high-performance flexible thin-film optoelectronics. Here, by combining printing, thin-film deposition, and wet-etching processes, interconnected transparent metal micromesh (TMM) electrodes are reported. Blade-coating is used to generate self-assembled polymer micromesh networks on flexible substrates. The network structures are subsequently converted into conductive metal networks. As-fabricated TMM films display a surface roughness of around 20 nm with thickness down to 50 nm. A transmittance of 86% and a conductance of 80 Ω sq-1 are achieved at the described optimal blade-coating suspension concentration. The electrodes show mechanical flexibility with no conductivity degradation with the smallest bending radius of 1 mm or at repeated bending over 3000 cycles at a bending radius of 15 mm. We successfully demonstrate organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using TMM electrodes via the blade-coating technique. The printed OLEDs have a low turn-on voltage of 3.4 V and can achieve a luminance of over 4000 cd/m2 at 6.5 V. At a luminance of 100 cd/m2, the OLEDs show a current density of 7.6 mA/cm2, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3.6%, and a luminous efficacy of 1.4 lm/W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Donggeon Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan Ting
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ana C Arias
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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38
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Chen J, Wang Y, Liu F, Luo S. Laser-Induced Graphene Paper Heaters with Multimodally Patternable Electrothermal Performance for Low-Energy Manufacturing of Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23284-23297. [PMID: 32329998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy manufacturing of polymeric composites through two-dimensional electrothermal heaters is a promising strategy over the traditional autoclave and oven. Laser-induced graphene paper (LIGP) is a recent emergent multifunctional material with the merits of one-step computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) as well as a flexible thin nature. To fully explore its capabilities of in situ heating, herein, we adventurously propose and investigate the customizable manufacture and modulation of LIGP enabled heaters with multimodally patternable performance. Developed by two modes (uniform and nonuniform) of laser processing, the LIGP heaters (LIGP-H) show distinctively unique characteristics, including high working range (>600 °C), fast stabilization (<8 s), high temperature efficiency (∼370 °C·cm2/W), and superb robustness. Most innovatively, the nonuniform processing could section LIGP-H into subzones with independently controlled heating performance, rendering various designable patterns. The above unique characteristics guarantee the LIGP-H to be highly reliable for in situ curing composites with flat, curved, and even inhomogeneous structures. With enormous energy-savings (∼85%), superb curing accuracy, and comparable mechanical strength, the proposed device is advantageous for assuring high-quality and highly efficient manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Fu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Sida Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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39
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Transparent Body-Attachable Multifunctional Pressure, Thermal, and Proximity Sensor and Heater. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2701. [PMID: 32060336 PMCID: PMC7021770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A multifunctional sensor capable of simultaneous sensing of temperature, pressure, and proximity has been developed. This transparent and body-attachable device is also capable of providing heat under low voltage. The multi-sensor consists of metal fibers fabricated by electrospinning and electroplating. The device comprises randomly deposited metal fibers, which not only provide heating but also perform as thermal and proximity sensors, and orderly aligned metal fibers that act as a pressure sensor. The sensor is fabricated by weaving straight rectangular electrodes on a transparent substrate (a matrix). The sensitivity is readily enhanced by installing numerous matrices that facilitate higher sensing resolution. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the heater is h = 0.014 W·cm−2·°C−1. The temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) and pressure sensitivity (ηP) are 0.038 °C−1 and 5.3 × 10−3 kPa−1, respectively. The superior sensitivity of the device is confirmed via quantitative comparison with similar devices. This multifunctional device also has a superior convective heat transfer coefficient than do other heaters reported in the literature.
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Increasing solar light efficiency by engineering cell structures with modified Ti foil and specific concentrations of electrolyte in liquid dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sun Y, Sun B, He J, Yang G, Wang C. Millimeters long super flexible Mn 5Si 3@SiO 2 electrical nanocables applicable in harsh environments. Nat Commun 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32005830 PMCID: PMC6994472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing high performance electrical nano-interconnects for micro-nano electronics that are robust in harsh environments is highly demanded. Today, electrical nano-interconnects based on metallic nanowires, e.g. Ag and Cu, are limited by their positive physicochemical reactivity and ductility under large strain (i.e. irreversible dislocations and local necking-down elongation) at high temperatures or in strong oxidizing and acidic environments. Herein, to overcome these limitations, high-quality millimetre-sized soft manganese-based silicide (Mn5Si3@SiO2) nanowire nanocables are designed via a glassy Si–Mn–O matrix assisted growth. The proposed nanocables exhibit good electrical performance (resistivity of 1.28 to 3.84×10-6 Ωm and maximum current density 1.22 to 3.54×107 A cm−2) at temperatures higher than 317°C in air atmosphere, strongly acidic (HCl, PH=1.0) and oxidizing (H2O2, 10%) ambient, and under complex electric field. The proposed Mn5Si3@SiO2 nanocables, which withstand a strain of 16.7% free of failure, could be exploited for diverse applications in flexible electronics and complex wiring configurations. Though high performance electrical interconnects are required for micro/nano electronics, existing metallic nanowires lack structural and electrical stability. Here, the authors report soft manganese-based silicide nanowires with high electrical and structural performance in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Francis MK, Bhargav PB, Ahmed N, Chandra B, Gnanapraksh DM, Thyagarajan N, Racchana R. All‐solution Processed Highly Transparent Silver Nanowires/PEDOT:PSS Conducting Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew K Francis
- SSN Research CentreSSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam India 603110
| | | | - Nafis Ahmed
- SSN Research CentreSSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam India 603110
| | - Balaji Chandra
- SSN Research CentreSSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam India 603110
| | | | - Nivetha Thyagarajan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam India 603110
| | - Ramamurthy Racchana
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam India 603110
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Huang PS, Qin F, Lee JK. Role of the Interface between Ag and ZnO in the Electric Conductivity of Ag Nanoparticle-Embedded ZnO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4715-4721. [PMID: 31885248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with an average size of 30 nm into ZnO increases the electric conductivity up to 1000 times. While a similar increase in the conductivity is observed in a mixture of Ag nanoparticles and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films, a physical mechanism underlying the change in electric conductivity is not the same for Ag NP-added ZnO and Ag NP-added AZO. In Ag NP-added ZnO, an ohmic junction is formed at the ZnO-Ag interface, and electrons are accumulated in ZnO near the ZnO-Ag interface until electron-rich islands are connected. However, in Ag NP-added AZO, electrons in Ag NPs move to the AZO matrix via thermionic emission and travel through the AZO matrix. This change in electron transport at ZnO-Ag and AZO-Ag interfaces is due to the fact that the work function of ZnO (4.62 eV) is larger than those of Ag (4.24 eV) and AZO (4.15 eV). An increase in Ag NP content in the ZnO matrix leads to the overlap of the electron accumulation regions and forms a percolation path for the electron transport without deteriorating the electron mobility. Hence, the electron concentration increases to 2.4 × 1020/cm3 in the 1.4 vol % Ag NP-added ZnO film. In addition, Ag NPs have a negligible effect on the transmittance, and the best Haacke figure of merit (ΦH) values are 2.86 and 5.18 for ZnO:Ag NP and AZO:Ag NP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shun Huang
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Fen Qin
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Jung-Kun Lee
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
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Zhang Y, Ng SW, Lu X, Zheng Z. Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes for Emerging Thin-Film Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2049-2122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaokang Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Wing Ng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Chen WC, Shiao JH, Tsai TL, Jiang DH, Chen LC, Chang CH, Lin BH, Lin JH, Kuo CC. Multiple Scattering from Electrospun Nanofibers with Embedded Silver Nanoparticles of Tunable Shape for Random Lasers and White-Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2783-2792. [PMID: 31869205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Random lasers (RLs) are convenient, tunable, and widely applicable. However, the influence of fluorescence lifetime on the scattering and nanofiber distribution of nanofibers with various shapes of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) embedded within is unclear. We prepared poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers with Ag NPs through electrospinning (ES) and pyrromethene 597 dye doping. We determined the influences of the particles on scattering enhancement and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in RLs. The distinct scattering rates and LSPR can be used to control optical properties for sensing devices and other applications. Compared with traditional films, the threshold of the nanofibers with Ag NPs is 35% lower. In addition to improved matching between the LSPR and emission spectra, enhanced coupling of the electric field with nonradiative energy amplifies the radiative emission. Furthermore, the luminescence lifetime shortened by increasing the scattering rate. An excessive scattering rate may accelerate radiative recombination and convert some recombination into nonradiative recombination to produce a more sensitive device. Finally, we applied the prepared nanofibers to a backlight display and fabricated a white-light-emitting diode (LED) with a distinct thickness of nanofibers. The fabricated device is suitable for application in other LEDs and RL devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Jia-Huei Shiao
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Tien-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Dai-Hua Jiang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chin Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Chang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076 , Taiwan
| | - Ja-Hon Lin
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
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Jiang C, Zhou B, Wei Z, Zheng G, Ji Y, Mi L, Dai K, Liu C, Shen C. Transparent Conductive Flexible Trilayer Films for a Deicing Window and Self-Recover Bending Sensor Based on a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polyvinyl Butyral Interlayer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1454-1464. [PMID: 31841302 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A flexible transparent conductive film (TCF) is an important component in many modern smart devices. Recent TCF is always fabricated based on indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the drawbacks of ITO (e.g., brittle nature, high cost, and resource scarcity) and the complex preparation process of TCF limit the massive production and further application of TCF. Herein, a facile and low-cost method is proposed to prepare flexible TCF. Rolls of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer film were first fabricated by the roll-to-roll (R2R) spraying method. Then, the interlayer film was laminated between polycarbonate (PC) films (0.1 mm in thickness) to fabricate a transparent (80% optical transmittance) but flexible trilayer film. Such a prepared trilayer film shows multifunctional applications. For example, on the one hand, high conductivity and uniform distribution of resistance ensure that it can work as a deicing window with good performance at a low voltage. On the other hand, its flexibility, rapid self-recovery, and stable response enable it to be used as a bending sensor, which shows remarkable stability, repeatability, and durability. This study provides a facile method to fabricate TCF based on commercial but low-cost materials, which is suitable for industrial production and wide practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Bing Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Zhai Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Youxin Ji
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Liwei Mi
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Zhongyuan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450007 , China
| | - Kui Dai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
- Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province , Guangdong Industry Polytechnic , Guangzhou 510000 , China
| | - Changyu Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
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Jung J, Cho H, Yuksel R, Kim D, Lee H, Kwon J, Lee P, Yeo J, Hong S, Unalan HE, Han S, Ko SH. Stretchable/flexible silver nanowire Electrodes for energy device applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20356-20378. [PMID: 31403636 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Research on sustainable and high-efficiency energy devices has recently emerged as an important global issue. These devices are now moving beyond the form of a bulk, rigid platform to a portable, flexible/stretchable format that is easily available in our daily lives. Similar to the development of an active layer for the production of next-generation energy devices, the fabrication of flexible/stretchable electrodes for the easy flow of electrons is also very important. Silver nanowire electrodes have high electronic conductivity even in a flexible/stretchable state due to their high aspect ratio and percolation network structures compared to conventional electrodes. Herein, we summarize the research in the field of flexible/stretchable electronics on energy devices fabricated using silver nanowires as the electrodes. Additionally, for a systematic presentation of the current research trends, this review classifies the surveyed research efforts into the categories of energy production, storage, and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Cho
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea and Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Recep Yuksel
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkwan Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Habeom Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehag-ro, 63Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Kwon
- Manufacturing System R&BD Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Phillip Lee
- Photoelectronic Hybrid Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeob Yeo
- Novel Applied Nano Optics Lab, Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Pookgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjoon Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Husnu Emrah Unalan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Seungyong Han
- Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea and Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea and Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Aghazadehchors S, Nguyen VH, Muñoz-Rojas D, Jiménez C, Rapenne L, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Versatility of bilayer metal oxide coatings on silver nanowire networks for enhanced stability with minimal transparency loss. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19969-19979. [PMID: 31602448 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05658k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been lately much investigated thanks to their physical properties and are therefore foreseen to play a key role in many industrial devices as transparent electrodes, but their stability can be an issue. Although it has been shown that thin metal oxide coatings enhance the stability of AgNW networks, such stabilization is achieved at the expense of transparency. We demonstrate that by depositing a second oxide coating, which acts as an antireflective layer, it is possible to obtain highly stable and transparent composite electrodes. AgNW networks were deposited by the airbrush method, and zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) coatings were deposited, by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition (AP-SALD), using both glass and plastic substrates; therefore, the proposed fabrication method is low-cost and compatible with high-throughput scalable fabrication. The mechanical stability of bare, ZnO and ZnO/Al2O3-coated AgNWs upon bending is also presented. The obtained nanocomposites exhibit highly homogeneous and conformal oxide coatings with average thicknesses of a few tens of nanometers. Samples with bilayer coatings of 70 nm ZnO/70 nm Al2O3 still exhibit very good stability after annealing in air up to 450 °C for 6 repetitive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aghazadehchors
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France. and Département de Physique, Université de Liège, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam and Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Laetitia Rapenne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, Université de Liège, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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Sikdar D, Weir H, Kornyshev AA. Optical response of electro-tuneable 3D superstructures of plasmonic nanoparticles self-assembling on transparent columnar electrodes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26483-26498. [PMID: 31674529 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrically tuneable, guided self-assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) at polarized, patterned solid-liquid interfaces could enable numerous platforms for designing nanoplasmonic optical devices with new tuneable functionalities. Here, we propose a unique design of voltage-controlled guided 3D self-assembly of plasmonic NPs on transparent electrodes, patterned as columnar structures-arrays of vertical nanorods. NP assembly on the electrified surfaces of those columnar structures allows formation of a 3D superstructure of NPs, comprising stacking up of NPs in the voids between the columns, forming multiple NP-layers. A comprehensive theoretical model, based on quasi-static effective medium theory and multilayer Fresnel reflection scheme, is developed and verified against full-wave simulations for obtaining optical responses-reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance-from such systems of 3D self-assembled NPs. With a specific example of small gold nanospheres self-assembling on polarized zinc oxide columns, we show that the reflectance spectrum can be controlled by the number of stacked NP-layers. Numerical simulations show that peak reflectance can be enhanced up to ∼1.7 times, along with spectral broadening by a factor of ∼2-allowing wide-range tuning of optical reflectivity. Smaller NPs with superior mobility would be preferable over large NPs for realizing such devices for novel photonic and sensing applications.
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Sohn H, Park C, Oh JM, Kang SW, Kim MJ. Silver Nanowire Networks: Mechano-Electric Properties and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2526. [PMID: 31398876 PMCID: PMC6720749 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With increasing technological demand for portable electronic and photovoltaic devices, it has become critical to ensure the electrical and mechano-electric reliability of electrodes in such devices. However, the limited flexibility and high processing costs of traditional electrodes based on indium tin oxide undermine their application in flexible devices. Among various alternative materials for flexible electrodes, such as metallic/carbon nanowires or meshes, silver nanowire (Ag NW) networks are regarded as promising candidates owing to their excellent electrical, optical, and mechano-electric properties. In this context, there have been tremendous studies on the physico-chemical and mechano-electric properties of Ag NW networks. At the same time, it has been a crucial job to maximize the device performance (or their mechano-electric performance) by reconciliation of various properties. This review discusses the properties and device applications of Ag NW networks under dynamic motion by focusing on notable findings and cases in the recent literature. Initially, we introduce the fabrication (deposition process) of Ag NW network-based electrodes from solution-based coating processes (drop casting, spray coating, spin coating, etc.) to commercial processes (slot-die and roll-to-roll coating). We also discuss the electrical/optical properties of Ag NW networks, which are governed by percolation, and their electrical contacts. Second, the mechano-electric properties of Ag NW networks are reviewed by describing individual and combined properties of NW networks with dynamic motion under cyclic loading. The improved mechano-electric properties of Ag NW network-based flexible electrodes are also discussed by presenting various approaches, including post-treatment and hybridization. Third, various Ag NW-based flexible devices (electronic and optoelectronic devices) are introduced by discussing their operation principles, performance, and challenges. Finally, we offer remarks on the challenges facing the current studies and discuss the direction of research in this field, as well as forthcoming issues to be overcome to achieve integration into commercial devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiesang Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- Department of Electronic Material Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea.
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea.
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