1
|
Luo A, Feng Y, Zhu C, Wang Y, Wu X. Transfer Learning for Modeling Plasmonic Nanowire Waveguides. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3624. [PMID: 36296814 PMCID: PMC9612048 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Retrieving waveguiding properties of plasmonic metal nanowires (MNWs) through numerical simulations is time- and computational-resource-consuming, especially for those with abrupt geometric features and broken symmetries. Deep learning provides an alternative approach but is challenging to use due to inadequate generalization performance and the requirement of large sets of training data. Here, we overcome these constraints by proposing a transfer learning approach for modeling MNWs under the guidance of physics. We show that the basic knowledge of plasmon modes can first be learned from free-standing circular MNWs with computationally inexpensive data, and then reused to significantly improve performance in predicting waveguiding properties of MNWs with various complex configurations, enabling much smaller errors (~23-61% reduction), less trainable parameters (~42% reduction), and smaller sets of training data (~50-80% reduction) than direct learning. Compared to numerical simulations, our model reduces the computational time by five orders of magnitude. Compared to other non-deep learning methods, such as the circular-area-equivalence approach and the diagonal-circle approximation, our approach enables not only much higher accuracies, but also more comprehensive characterizations, offering an effective and efficient framework to investigate MNWs that may greatly facilitate the design of polaritonic components and devices.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu X, Wang Y. A physics-based machine learning approach for modeling the complex reflection coefficients of metal nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:205701. [PMID: 35108696 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac512e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanowires are attractive building blocks for next-generation plasmonic devices with high performance and compact footprint. The complex reflection coefficients of the plasmonic waveguides are crucial for estimation of the resonating, lasing, or sensing performance. By incorporating physics-guided objective functions and constraints, we propose a simple approach to convert the specific reflection problem of nanowires to a universal regression problem. Our approach is able to efficiently and reliably determine both the reflectivity and reflection phase of the metal nanowires with arbitrary geometry parameters, working environments, and terminal shapes, merging the merits of the physics-based modeling and the data-driven modeling. The results may provide valuable reference for building comprehensive datasets of plasmonic architectures, facilitating theoretical investigations and large-scale designs of nanophotonic components and devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agreda A, Sharma DK, Colas des Francs G, Kumar GVP, Bouhelier A. Modal and wavelength conversions in plasmonic nanowires. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:15366-15381. [PMID: 33985237 DOI: 10.1364/oe.421183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show that plasmonic nanowire-nanoparticle systems can perform nonlinear wavelength and modal conversions and potentially serve as building blocks for signal multiplexing and novel trafficking modalities. When a surface plasmon excited by a pulsed laser beam propagates in a nanowire, it generates a localized broadband nonlinear continuum at the nanowire surface as well as at active locations defined by sites where nanoparticles are absorbed (enhancement sites). The local response may couple to new sets of propagating modes enabling a complex routing of optical signals through modal and spectral conversions. Different aspects influencing the optical signal conversions are presented, including the parameters defining the local formation of the continuum and the subsequent modal routing in the nanowire.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamagiwa K, Shibuta M, Nakajima A. Visualization of Surface Plasmons Propagating at the Buried Organic/Metal Interface with Silver Nanocluster Sensitizers. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2044-2052. [PMID: 31999096 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation at dielectric/metal interfaces is indispensable in providing opportunities for the precise designing and controlling of the functionalities of future plasmonic nanodevices. Here, we report the visualization of SPPs propagating along the buried organic/metal interface of fullerene (C60)/Au(111), through dual-colored two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (2P-PEEM) which precisely visualizes the SPP propagation of plasmonic metal nanostructures. Although SPPs excited by near-infrared photons at the few monolayer C60/Au(111) interface are clearly visualized as interference beat patterns between the SPPs and incident light, faithfully reflecting SPP properties modulated by the overlayer, photoemission signals are suppressed for thicker C60 films, due to less valence electrons participating in 2P-photoemission processes. With the use of silver (Agn (n = 21 and 55)) nanoclusters, which exhibit enhancement of overall photoemission intensities due to localized surface plasmons functioning as SPP sensitizers, it is revealed that the 2P-PEEM is applicable to the imaging of SPPs for thick C60/Au(111) interfaces, where SPP properties are hardly modulated by the added small amount (∼0.1 monolayer) of Agn sensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yamagiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Science (KiPAS) , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Science (KiPAS) , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vlassov S, Mets M, Polyakov B, Bian J, Dorogin L, Zadin V. Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2468-2476. [PMID: 31921525 PMCID: PMC6941403 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pentagonal Ag and Au nanowires (NWs) were bent in cantilever beam configuration inside a scanning electron microscope. We demonstrated an unusual, abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition, observed as a sudden change of the NW profile from smooth arc-shaped to angled knee-like during the bending in the narrow range of bending angles. In contrast to the behavior of NWs in the tensile and three-point bending tests, where extensive elastic deformation was followed by brittle fracture, in our case, after the abrupt plastic event, the NW was still far from fracture and enabled further bending without breaking. A possible explanation is that the five-fold twinned structure prevents propagation of critical defects, leading to dislocation pile up that may lead to sudden stress release, which is observed as an abrupt plastic event. Moreover, we found that if the NWs are coated with alumina, the abrupt plastic event is not observed and the NWs can withstand severe deformation in the elastic regime without fracture. The coating may possibly prevent formation of dislocations. Mechanical durability under high and inhomogeneous strain fields is an important aspect of exploiting Ag and Au NWs in applications like waveguiding or conductive networks in flexible polymer composite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Vlassov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
- ITMO University, Kronverskiy pr., 49, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Magnus Mets
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Boris Polyakov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jianjun Bian
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Leonid Dorogin
- ITMO University, Kronverskiy pr., 49, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vahur Zadin
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ramalingam V. Multifunctionality of gold nanoparticles: Plausible and convincing properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 271:101989. [PMID: 31330396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In a couple of decades, nanotechnology has become a trending area in science due to it covers all subject that combines diverse range of fields including but not limited to chemistry, physics and medicine. Various metal and metal oxide nanomaterials have been developed for wide range applications. However, the application of gold nanostructures and nanoparticles has been received more attention in various biomedical applications. The unique property of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is surface plasmon resonance (SPR) that determine the size, shape and stability. The wide surface area of AuNPs eases the proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, and many other compounds to tether and enhance the biological activity of AuNPs. AuNPs have multifunctionality including antimicrobial, anticancer, drug and gene delivery, sensing applications and imaging. This state-of-the-art review is focused on the role of unique properties of AuNPs in multifunctionality and its various applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Requejo KI, Liopo AV, Derry PJ, Zubarev ER. Improving the Shape Yield and Long-Term Stability of Gold Nanoprisms with Poly(vinylpyrrolidone). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9777-9784. [PMID: 31290673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoprisms (AuNPRs) are anisotropic nanostructures that have gained great attention in recent years because of their interesting and unique optical properties that can be tailored for biomedical, energy, and sensing applications. At present, several protocols have reported the high yield synthesis of AuNPRs of different dimensions using a seed-mediated approach. However, there is a need to develop reproducible and scalable methods with the goal of a controllable synthesis. Here, we report an improved seed-mediated synthesis of small monodisperse AuNPRs of distinct sizes in high yield using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as an additive in nanomolar concentrations. We show optimal synthetic parameters for a blue-shifting of the surface plasmon resonance band which correlates with the reduction in the edge length (L) of AuNPRs from 75 to 35 nm. Using measured extinction coefficients for AuNPRs of different sizes, a linear equation is proposed to estimate the concentration of unknown samples by using Beer's law. Interestingly, the use of nanomolar amounts of PVP during the growth of AuNPRs significantly improves the shape yield. The surface chemistry properties of AuNPRs were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy and revealed that PVP chains interact with AuNPRs through the carbonyl oxygen. This method is reproducible and scalable and enables the synthesis of AuNPRs with long-term shape stability (1 year) in aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherinne I Requejo
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Anton V Liopo
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Paul J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Eugene R Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khanal BP, Zubarev ER. Chemical Transformation of Nanorods to Nanowires: Reversible Growth and Dissolution of Anisotropic Gold Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2370-2378. [PMID: 30753055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes a reversible wet chemical process for the tip-selective one-dimensional (1D) growth and dissolution of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and gold nanowires (AuNWs). Tip-selective dissolution was achieved by oxidation of AuNRs with a Au(III)/CTAB complex, whereas the growth of AuNRs was carried out by the reduction of Au(I) ions on the AuNR surface with a mild reducing agent, ascorbic acid (AA). Both the dissolution and growth processes are highly tip selective and proceed exclusively in one dimension. A decrease in the aspect ratio (AR) of AuNRs during the dissolution resulted in a blue shift in the longitudinal plasmon band (LPB) position, and red shifts in the LPB position were achieved by increasing the AR by 1D growth of AuNRs. Both growth and dissolution processes are fully controllable and can be stopped and resumed at any given time when the desired AR and/or LPB position is achieved. In addition, the tip-selective 1D growth of AuNRs can be continued with the additional supply of Au(I)/CTAB/AA solution to produce extremely long AuNWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P Khanal
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Eugene R Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Q, Pan D, Wei H, Xu H. Plasmon-Assisted Selective and Super-Resolving Excitation of Individual Quantum Emitters on a Metal Nanowire. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2009-2015. [PMID: 29485884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid systems composed of multiple quantum emitters coupled with plasmonic waveguides are promising building blocks for future integrated quantum nanophotonic circuits. The techniques that can super-resolve and selectively excite contiguous quantum emitters in a diffraction-limited area are of great importance for studying the plasmon-mediated interaction between quantum emitters and manipulating the single plasmon generation and propagation in plasmonic circuits. Here we show that multiple quantum dots coupled with a silver nanowire can be controllably excited by tuning the interference field of surface plasmons on the nanowire. Because of the period of the interference pattern is much smaller than the diffraction limit, we demonstrate the selective excitation of two quantum dots separated by a distance as short as 100 nm. We also numerically demonstrate a new kind of super-resolution imaging method that combines the tunable surface plasmon interference pattern on the NW with the structured illumination microscopy technique. Our work provides a novel high-resolution optical excitation and imaging method for the coupled systems of multiple quantum emitters and plasmonic waveguides, which adds a new tool for studying and manipulating single quantum emitters and single plasmons for quantum plasmonic circuitry applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Deng Pan
- School of Physics and Technology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Hong Wei
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
- Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei H, Pan D, Zhang S, Li Z, Li Q, Liu N, Wang W, Xu H. Plasmon Waveguiding in Nanowires. Chem Rev 2018; 118:2882-2926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Deng Pan
- School of Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boutelle RC, Neuhauser D, Weiss S. Far-Field Super-resolution Detection of Plasmonic Near-Fields. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7955-7962. [PMID: 27501216 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a far-field single molecule super-resolution method that maps plasmonic near-fields. The method is largely invariant to fluorescence quenching (arising from probe proximity to a metal), has reduced point-spread-function distortion compared to fluorescent dyes (arising from strong coupling to nanoscopic metallic features), and has a large dynamic range (of 2 orders of magnitude) allowing mapping of plasmonic field-enhancements regions. The method takes advantage of the sensitivity of quantum dot (QD) stochastic blinking to plasmonic near-fields. The modulation of the blinking characteristics thus provides an indirect measure of the local field strength. Since QD blinking can be monitored in the far-field, the method can measure localized plasmonic near-fields at high throughput using a simple far-field optical setup. Using this method, propagation lengths and penetration depths were mapped-out for silver nanowires of different diameters and for different dielectric environments, with a spatial accuracy of ∼15 nm. We initially use sparse sampling to ensure single molecule localization for accurate characterization of the plasmonic near-field with plans to increase density of emitters in further studies. The measured propagation lengths and penetration depths values agree well with Maxwell finite-difference time-domain calculations and with published literature values. This method offers advantages such as low cost, high throughput, and superresolved mapping of localized plasmonic fields at high sensitivity and fidelity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shimon Weiss
- Department of Physics, Bar Ilan University , Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ledin PA, Jeon JW, Geldmeier JA, Ponder JF, Mahmoud MA, El-Sayed M, Reynolds JR, Tsukruk VV. Design of Hybrid Electrochromic Materials with Large Electrical Modulation of Plasmonic Resonances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13064-13075. [PMID: 27145297 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a rational approach to fabricating plasmonically active hybrid polymer-metal nanomaterials with electrochemical tunability of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of noble metal nanostructures embedded in an electroactive polymer matrix. The key requirement for being able to significantly modulate the LSPR band position is a close overlap between the refractive index change [Δn(λ)] of a stimuli-responsive polymeric matrix and the intrinsic LSPR bands. For this purpose, gold nanorods with a controlled aspect ratio, synthesized to provide high refractive index sensitivity while maintaining good oxidative stability, were combined with a solution-processable electroactive and electrochromic polymer (ECP): alkoxy-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) [PProDOT(CH2OEtHx)2]. Spectral characteristics of the ECP, in particular the Δn(λ) variation, were evaluated as the material was switched between oxidized and reduced states. We fabricated ultrathin plasmonic electrochromic hybrid films consisting of gold nanorods and ECP that exhibited a large, stable, and reversible LSPR modulation of up to 25-30 nm with an applied electrical potential. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations confirm a good match between the experimentally measured refractive index change in the ECP and the plasmonic response during electrochemical modulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr A Ledin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ju-Won Jeon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Geldmeier
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - James F Ponder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Mostafa El-Sayed
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Johns P, Yu K, Devadas MS, Hartland GV. Role of Resonances in the Transmission of Surface Plasmon Polaritons between Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3375-3381. [PMID: 26866536 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagate in metal nanostructures is important for the development of plasmonic devices. In this paper, we study the transmission of SPPs between single-crystal gold nanobars on a glass substrate using transient absorption microscopy. The coupled structures were produced by creating gaps in single nanobars by focused ion beam milling. SPPs were launched by focusing the pump laser at the end of the nanobar, and the transmission across the gaps was imaged by scanning the probe laser over the nanostructure. The results show larger losses at small gap sizes. Finite element method calculations were used to investigate this effect. The calculations show two main modes for nanobars on a glass surface: a leaky mode localized at the air-gold interface, and a bound mode localized at the glass-gold interface. At specific gap sizes (approximately 50 nm for our system), these SPP modes can excite localized surface plasmon modes associated with the gap, which dissipate energy. This increases the energy losses at small gap sizes. Experiments and simulations were also performed for the nanobars in microscope immersion oil, which creates a more homogeneous optical environment, and consistent results were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Johns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mary Sajini Devadas
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University , Towson, Maryland 21252, United States
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brazhe NA, Evlyukhin AB, Goodilin EA, Semenova AA, Novikov SM, Bozhevolnyi SI, Chichkov BN, Sarycheva AS, Baizhumanov AA, Nikelshparg EI, Deev LI, Maksimov EG, Maksimov GV, Sosnovtseva O. Probing cytochrome c in living mitochondria with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13793. [PMID: 26346634 PMCID: PMC4561893 DOI: 10.1038/srep13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective study of the electron transport chain components in living mitochondria is essential for fundamental biophysical research and for the development of new medical diagnostic methods. However, many important details of inter- and intramembrane mitochondrial processes have remained in shadow due to the lack of non-invasive techniques. Here we suggest a novel label-free approach based on the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to monitor the redox state and conformation of cytochrome c in the electron transport chain in living mitochondria. We demonstrate that SERS spectra of living mitochondria placed on hierarchically structured silver-ring substrates provide exclusive information about cytochrome c behavior under modulation of inner mitochondrial membrane potential, proton gradient and the activity of ATP-synthetase. Mathematical simulation explains the observed enhancement of Raman scattering due to high concentration of electric near-field and large contact area between mitochondria and nanostructured surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda A. Brazhe
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Andrey B. Evlyukhin
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e. V., Hollerihallee 8, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, DK-5230 Denmark
| | - Eugene A. Goodilin
- Department of Nanomaterials, Faculty of Material Sciences, Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie gory 1/73, 119991, Russia
- Department of Inorganic chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie gory 1/3, 119991, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Leninskiy prospekt, 119992, Russia
| | - Anna A. Semenova
- Department of Nanomaterials, Faculty of Material Sciences, Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie gory 1/73, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Novikov
- Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, DK-5230 Denmark
| | - Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi
- Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, DK-5230 Denmark
| | - Boris N. Chichkov
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e. V., Hollerihallee 8, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Asya S. Sarycheva
- Department of Nanomaterials, Faculty of Material Sciences, Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie gory 1/73, 119991, Russia
| | - Adil A. Baizhumanov
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Evelina I. Nikelshparg
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Leonid I. Deev
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Eugene G. Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Georgy V. Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Olga Sosnovtseva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gong Y, Joly AG, Hu D, El-Khoury PZ, Hess WP. Ultrafast imaging of surface plasmons propagating on a gold surface. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:3472-3478. [PMID: 25844522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We record time-resolved nonlinear photoemission electron microscopy (tr-PEEM) images of propagating surface plasmons (PSPs) launched from a lithographically patterned rectangular trench on a flat gold surface. Our tr-PEEM scheme involves a pair of identical, spatially separated, and interferometrically locked femtosecond laser pulses. Power-dependent PEEM images provide experimental evidence for a sequential coherent nonlinear photoemission process, in which one laser source launches a PSP through a linear interaction, and the second subsequently probes the PSP via two-photon photoemission. The recorded time-resolved movies of a PSP allow us to directly measure various properties of the surface-bound wave packet, including its carrier wavelength (783 nm) and group velocity (0.95c). In addition, tr-PEEM images reveal that the launched PSP may be detected at least 250 μm away from the coupling trench structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- †Physical Sciences Division, ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Alan G Joly
- †Physical Sciences Division, ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Dehong Hu
- †Physical Sciences Division, ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- †Physical Sciences Division, ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Wayne P Hess
- †Physical Sciences Division, ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Taylor JN, Li CB, Cooper DR, Landes CF, Komatsuzaki T. Error-based extraction of states and energy landscapes from experimental single-molecule time-series. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9174. [PMID: 25779909 PMCID: PMC4361849 DOI: 10.1038/srep09174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of states, the essential components of the underlying energy landscapes, is one of the most intriguing subjects in single-molecule (SM) experiments due to the existence of noise inherent to the measurements. Here we present a method to extract the underlying state sequences from experimental SM time-series. Taking into account empirical error and the finite sampling of the time-series, the method extracts a steady-state network which provides an approximation of the underlying effective free energy landscape. The core of the method is the application of rate-distortion theory from information theory, allowing the individual data points to be assigned to multiple states simultaneously. We demonstrate the method's proficiency in its application to simulated trajectories as well as to experimental SM fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) trajectories obtained from isolated agonist binding domains of the AMPA receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor that is prevalent in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Nicholas Taylor
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020 Japan
| | - Chun-Biu Li
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020 Japan
| | - David R Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, Houston. TX 77005
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, Houston. TX 77005
| | - Tamiki Komatsuzaki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bian Y, Gong Q. Metallic-nanowire-loaded silicon-on-insulator structures: a route to low-loss plasmon waveguiding on the nanoscale. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4415-4422. [PMID: 25648863 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous realization of nanoscale field localization and low transmission loss remains one of the major challenges in nanophotonics. Metal nanowire waveguides can fulfill this goal to a certain extent by confining light within subwavelength space, yet their optical performances are still restricted by the tradeoff between confinement and loss, which results in quite limited propagation distances when their mode sizes are reduced down to the nanometer scale. Here we introduce a class of low-loss guiding schemes by integrating silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides with plasmon nanowire structures. The closely spaced silicon and metal configurations allow efficient light squeezing within the nanometer, low-index silica gaps between them, enabling deep-subwavelength light transmission with low modal attenuation. Optimizations of key structural parameters unravel the wide-range existence of the high-performance hybrid nanowire plasmon mode, which demonstrates improved guiding properties compared to the conventional hybrid and nanowire plasmon polaritons. The excitation strategy of the guided mode and the feasibility of the waveguide for compact photonic integration as well as active components are also discussed to lay the foundation for its practical implementation. The remarkable properties of these metallic-nanowire-loaded SOI waveguides potentially lend themselves to the implementation of high performance nanophotonic components, and open up promising opportunities for a variety of intriguing applications on the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gong Y, Joly AG, El-Khoury PZ, Hess WP. Interferometric Plasmonic Lensing with Nanohole Arrays. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:4243-4248. [PMID: 26273969 DOI: 10.1021/jz502296n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) of nanohole arrays in gold films is used to map propagating surface plasmons (PSPs) launched from lithographically patterned structures. Strong near-field photoemission patterns are observed in the PEEM images, recorded following low angle of incidence irradiation of nanohole arrays with sub-15 fs laser pulses centered at 780 nm. The recorded photoemission patterns are attributed to constructive and destructive interference between PSPs launched from the individual nanoholes which comprise the array. By exploiting the wave nature of PSPs, we demonstrate how varying the array geometry (hole diameter, pitch, and number of rows/columns) ultimately yields intense localized photoemission. Through a combination of PEEM experiments and finite-difference time-domain simulations, we identify the optimal array geometry for efficient light coupling and interferometric plasmonic lensing. We show a preliminary application of inteferometric plasmonic lensing by enhancing the photoemission from the vertex of a gold triangle using a nanohole array.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Alan G Joly
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Wayne P Hess
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu F, Hou H, Gao Z. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Gold Nanowires with Gemini Surfactants as Directing Agents. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3979-86. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Chu W, Foroushani AD, Wang H, Li D, Liu J, Barrow CJ, Wang X, Yang W. New Gold Nanostructures for Sensor Applications: A Review. MATERIALS 2014; 7:5169-5201. [PMID: 28788124 PMCID: PMC5455824 DOI: 10.3390/ma7075169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gold based structures such as nanoparticles (NPs) and nanowires (NWs) have widely been used as building blocks for sensing devices in chemistry and biochemistry fields because of their unusual optical, electrical and mechanical properties. This article gives a detailed review of the new properties and fabrication methods for gold nanostructures, especially gold nanowires (GNWs), and recent developments for their use in optical and electrochemical sensing tools, such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Deakin, VIC 3217, Australia.
| | - Wendy Chu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Deakin, VIC 3217, Australia.
| | | | - Hongbin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China.
| | - Da Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Deakin, VIC 3217, Australia.
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Colin J Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Deakin, VIC 3217, Australia.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Deakin, VIC 3217, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paul A, Zhen YR, Wang Y, Chang WS, Xia Y, Nordlander P, Link S. Dye-assisted gain of strongly confined surface plasmon polaritons in silver nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3628-3633. [PMID: 24798451 DOI: 10.1021/nl501363s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanowires are excellent candidates as subwavelength optical components in miniaturized devices due to their ability to support the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Nanoscale data transfer based on SPP propagation at optical frequencies has the advantage of larger bandwidths but also suffers from larger losses due to strong mode confinement. To overcome losses, SPP gain has been realized, but so far only for weakly confined SPPs in metal films and stripes. Here we report the demonstration of gain for subwavelength SPPs that were strongly confined in chemically prepared silver nanowires (mode area = λ(2)/40) using a dye-doped polymer film as the optical gain medium. Under continuous wave excitation at 514 nm, we measured a gain coefficient of 270 cm(-1) for SPPs at 633 nm, resulting in partial SPP loss compensation of 14%. This achievement for strongly confined SPPs represents a major step forward toward the realization of nanoscale plasmonic amplifiers and lasers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Paul
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, ∥Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stassi S, Cauda V, Canavese G, Manfredi D, Chiodoni A, Pirri CF. Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Silver Nature‐Like Spiky Particles for Piezoresistive Sensor Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stassi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy, http://www.polito.it
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy http://shr.iit.it/
| | - Giancarlo Canavese
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy http://shr.iit.it/
| | - Diego Manfredi
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy http://shr.iit.it/
| | - Angelica Chiodoni
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy http://shr.iit.it/
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy, http://www.polito.it
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy http://shr.iit.it/
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hartland GV. Management Strategies for the Nanoscale. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1496-1497. [PMID: 26269998 DOI: 10.1021/jz500590e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
|