1
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Qi Y, Wang H, Wu J, Wang R, Xu Z, Cui X, Liu Z. Microfluidic device reveals new insights into impairment of neutrophil transmigration in patients with sepsis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116460. [PMID: 38843769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils need to migrate through tight tissue spaces to eliminate pathogens, but their movement is often hindered by their large and stiff nuclei. Neutrophil migration is impaired in sepsis patients, but it is unclear whether this defect is related to the deformability of their nuclei. Herein, we designed microfluidic devices with micron-scale narrow slits to simulate biological barriers. This setup allowed us to observe and record neutrophil movement and nuclear deformation in real-time. We also developed a method for morphological analysis to quantify nucleus deformation in numerous individual cells. Our studies showed that neutrophils from healthy individuals could adjust their nuclear shape to squeeze through these constrictions, whereas those from sepsis patients demonstrated less flexibility. Neutrophils with rigid nuclei struggled to pass through narrow gaps and were more likely to rupture under pressure. These findings suggest that the migration defects of neutrophils observed in sepsis may be attributed to the inability of neutrophils to deform their nuclei, highlighting the crucial role of microfluidic technologies in offering new insights into migration defects under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Heyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Runnan Wang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xueling Cui
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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2
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Hou X, Ouyang J, Tang L, Wu P, Deng X, Yan Q, Shi L, Fan S, Fan C, Guo C, Liao Q, Li Y, Xiong W, Li G, Zeng Z, Wang F. KCNK1 promotes proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by activating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and up-regulating H3K18 lactylation. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002666. [PMID: 38905316 PMCID: PMC11192366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy and the most significant contributor to mortality in female oncology patients. Potassium Two Pore Domain Channel Subfamily K Member 1 (KCNK1) is differentially expressed in a variety of tumors, but the mechanism of its function in breast cancer is unknown. In this study, we found for the first time that KCNK1 was significantly up-regulated in human breast cancer and was correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. KCNK1 promoted breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Further studies unexpectedly revealed that KCNK1 increased the glycolysis and lactate production in breast cancer cells by binding to and activating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which promoted histones lysine lactylation to induce the expression of a series of downstream genes and LDHA itself. Notably, increased expression of LDHA served as a vicious positive feedback to reduce tumor cell stiffness and adhesion, which eventually resulted in the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer. In conclusion, our results suggest that KCNK1 may serve as a potential breast cancer biomarker, and deeper insight into the cancer-promoting mechanism of KCNK1 may uncover a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchan Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiawei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Ferraro R, Guido S, Caserta S, Tassieri M. i -Rheo-optical assay: Measuring the viscoelastic properties of multicellular spheroids. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101066. [PMID: 38693994 PMCID: PMC11061759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a novel mechanobiology assay, named "i-Rheo-optical assay", that integrates rheology with optical microscopy for analysing the viscoelastic properties of multicellular spheroids. These spheroids serve as three-dimensional models resembling tissue structures. The innovative technique enables real-time observation and quantification of morphological responses to applied stress using a cost-effective microscope coverslip for constant compression force application. By bridging a knowledge gap in biophysical research, which has predominantly focused on the elastic properties while only minimally exploring the viscoelastic nature in multicellular systems, the i-Rheo-optical assay emerges as an effective tool. It facilitates the measurement of broadband viscoelastic compressional moduli in spheroids, here derived from cancer (PANC-1) and non-tumoral (NIH/3T3) cell lines during compression tests. This approach plays a crucial role in elucidating the mechanical properties of spheroids and holds potential for identifying biomarkers to discriminate between healthy tissues and their pathological counterparts. Offering comprehensive insights into the biomechanical behaviour of biological systems, i-Rheo-optical assay marks a significant advancement in tissue engineering, cancer research, and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Ferraro
- DICMaPI, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- DICMaPI, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- DICMaPI, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G11 6EW, UK
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4
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Conboy JP, Istúriz Petitjean I, van der Net A, Koenderink GH. How cytoskeletal crosstalk makes cells move: Bridging cell-free and cell studies. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:021307. [PMID: 38840976 PMCID: PMC11151447 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental process for life and is highly dependent on the dynamical and mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton. Intensive physical and biochemical crosstalk among actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments ensures their coordination to facilitate and enable migration. In this review, we discuss the different mechanical aspects that govern cell migration and provide, for each mechanical aspect, a novel perspective by juxtaposing two complementary approaches to the biophysical study of cytoskeletal crosstalk: live-cell studies (often referred to as top-down studies) and cell-free studies (often referred to as bottom-up studies). We summarize the main findings from both experimental approaches, and we provide our perspective on bridging the two perspectives to address the open questions of how cytoskeletal crosstalk governs cell migration and makes cells move.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Conboy
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Istúriz Petitjean
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Net
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsje H. Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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5
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Byfield FJ, Eftekhari B, Kaymak-Loveless K, Mandal K, Li D, Wells RG, Chen W, Brujic J, Bergamaschi G, Wuite GJL, Patteson AE, Janmey PA. Metabolically intact nuclei are fluidized by the activity of the chromatin remodeling motor BRG1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.589275. [PMID: 38659735 PMCID: PMC11042217 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.589275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of the cell nucleus regulate nearly every facet of the cell. Changes in nuclear shape limit cell motility and gene expression. Although the nucleus is generally seen as the stiffest organelle in the cell, cells can nevertheless deform the nucleus to large strains by small mechanical stresses. Here, we show that the mechanical response of the cell nucleus exhibits active fluidization that is driven by the BRG 1 motor of the SWI/SNF/BAF chromatin-remodeling complex. Atomic force microscopy measurements show that the nucleus alters stiffness in response to the cell substrate stiffness, which is retained after the nucleus is isolated and that the work of nuclear compression is mostly dissipated rather than elastically stored. Inhibiting BRG 1 stiffens the nucleus and eliminates dissipation and nuclear remodeling both in isolated nuclei and in intact cells. These findings demonstrate a novel link between nuclear motor activity and global nuclear mechanics.
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6
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Li M. Harnessing atomic force microscopy-based single-cell analysis to advance physical oncology. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:631-659. [PMID: 38053519 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is an emerging and promising frontier in the field of life sciences, which is expected to facilitate the exploration of fundamental laws of physiological and pathological processes. Single-cell analysis allows experimental access to cell-to-cell heterogeneity to reveal the distinctive behaviors of individual cells, offering novel opportunities to dissect the complexity of severe human diseases such as cancers. Among the single-cell analysis tools, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful and versatile one which is able to nondestructively image the fine topographies and quantitatively measure multiple mechanical properties of single living cancer cells in their native states under aqueous conditions with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Over the past few decades, AFM has been widely utilized to detect the structural and mechanical behaviors of individual cancer cells during the process of tumor formation, invasion, and metastasis, yielding numerous unique insights into tumor pathogenesis from the biomechanical perspective and contributing much to the field of cancer mechanobiology. Here, the achievements of AFM-based analysis of single cancer cells to advance physical oncology are comprehensively summarized, and challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Achievements of AFM in characterizing the structural and mechanical behaviors of single cancer cells are summarized, and future directions are discussed. AFM is not only capable of visualizing cellular fine structures, but can also measure multiple cellular mechanical properties as well as cell-generated mechanical forces. There is still plenty of room for harnessing AFM-based single-cell analysis to advance physical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Zou J, Peng B, Fan N, Liu Y. Simulation and experimental study on the influence of lamina on nanoneedle penetration into the cell nucleus. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024:10.1007/s10237-024-01836-4. [PMID: 38526703 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a finite element model to simulate the penetration of nanoneedles into the cellular nucleus. It is found that the nuclear lamina, the primary supporting structure of the nuclear membrane, plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the nuclear envelope and enhancing stress concentration in the nuclear membrane. Notably, nuclear lamina A exhibits a more pronounced effect compared to nuclear lamina B. Subsequently, we further conducted experiments by controlling the time of osteopontin (OPN) treatment to modify the nuclear lamina density, and the results showed that an increase in nuclear lamina density enhances the probability of nanoneedle penetration into the nuclear membrane. Through employing both simulation and experimental techniques, we have gathered compelling evidence indicating that an augmented density of nuclear lamina A can enhance the penetration of nanoneedles into the nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zou
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Bei Peng
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Na Fan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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8
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Bastianello G, Porcella G, Beznoussenko GV, Kidiyoor G, Ascione F, Li Q, Cattaneo A, Matafora V, Disanza A, Quarto M, Mironov AA, Oldani A, Barozzi S, Bachi A, Costanzo V, Scita G, Foiani M. Cell stretching activates an ATM mechano-transduction pathway that remodels cytoskeleton and chromatin. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113555. [PMID: 38088930 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) DNA damage response (DDR) kinases contain elastic domains. ATM also responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATR to nuclear mechanical stress. Mre11 mediates ATM activation following DNA damage; ATM mutations cause ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). Here, using in vivo imaging, electron microscopy, proteomic, and mechano-biology approaches, we study how ATM responds to mechanical stress. We report that cytoskeleton and ROS, but not Mre11, mediate ATM activation following cell deformation. ATM deficiency causes hyper-stiffness, stress fiber accumulation, Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear enrichment, plasma and nuclear membrane alterations during interstitial migration, and H3 hyper-methylation. ATM locates to the actin cytoskeleton and, following cytoskeleton stress, promotes phosphorylation of key cytoskeleton and chromatin regulators. Our data contribute to explain some clinical features of patients with A-T and pinpoint the existence of an integrated mechano-response in which ATM and ATR have distinct roles unrelated to their canonical DDR functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bastianello
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - Gururaj Kidiyoor
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Flora Ascione
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Qingsen Li
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Micaela Quarto
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Amanda Oldani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Barozzi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Costanzo
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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9
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Buxboim A, Kronenberg-Tenga R, Salajkova S, Avidan N, Shahak H, Thurston A, Medalia O. Scaffold, mechanics and functions of nuclear lamins. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2791-2805. [PMID: 37813648 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins are type-V intermediate filaments that are involved in many nuclear processes. In mammals, A- and B-type lamins assemble into separate physical meshwork underneath the inner nuclear membrane, the nuclear lamina, with some residual fraction localized within the nucleoplasm. Lamins are the major part of the nucleoskeleton, providing mechanical strength and flexibility to protect the genome and allow nuclear deformability, while also contributing to gene regulation via interactions with chromatin. While lamins are the evolutionary ancestors of all intermediate filament family proteins, their ultimate filamentous assembly is markedly different from their cytoplasmic counterparts. Interestingly, hundreds of genetic mutations in the lamina proteins have been causally linked with a broad range of human pathologies, termed laminopathies. These include muscular, neurological and metabolic disorders, as well as premature aging diseases. Recent technological advances have contributed to resolving the filamentous structure of lamins and the corresponding lamina organization. In this review, we revisit the multiscale lamin organization and discuss its implications on nuclear mechanics and chromatin organization within lamina-associated domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Buxboim
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Sarka Salajkova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nili Avidan
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hen Shahak
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alice Thurston
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Pérez-Domínguez S, Kulkarni SG, Pabijan J, Gnanachandran K, Holuigue H, Eroles M, Lorenc E, Berardi M, Antonovaite N, Marini ML, Lopez Alonso J, Redonto-Morata L, Dupres V, Janel S, Acharya S, Otero J, Navajas D, Bielawski K, Schillers H, Lafont F, Rico F, Podestà A, Radmacher M, Lekka M. Reliable, standardized measurements for cell mechanical properties. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16371-16380. [PMID: 37789717 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02034g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become indispensable for studying biological and medical samples. More than two decades of experiments have revealed that cancer cells are softer than healthy cells (for measured cells cultured on stiff substrates). The softness or, more precisely, the larger deformability of cancer cells, primarily independent of cancer types, could be used as a sensitive marker of pathological changes. The wide application of biomechanics in clinics would require designing instruments with specific calibration, data collection, and analysis procedures. For these reasons, such development is, at present, still very limited, hampering the clinical exploitation of mechanical measurements. Here, we propose a standardized operational protocol (SOP), developed within the EU ITN network Phys2BioMed, which allows the detection of the biomechanical properties of living cancer cells regardless of the nanoindentation instruments used (AFMs and other indenters) and the laboratory involved in the research. We standardized the cell cultures, AFM calibration, measurements, and data analysis. This effort resulted in a step-by-step SOP for cell cultures, instrument calibration, measurements, and data analysis, leading to the concordance of the results (Young's modulus) measured among the six EU laboratories involved. Our results highlight the importance of the SOP in obtaining a reproducible mechanical characterization of cancer cells and paving the way toward exploiting biomechanics for diagnostic purposes in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shruti G Kulkarni
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Joanna Pabijan
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kajangi Gnanachandran
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Hatice Holuigue
- Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli" and CIMAINA, University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mar Eroles
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Ewelina Lorenc
- Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli" and CIMAINA, University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Berardi
- Laserlab, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Optics11 Life, Hettenheuvelweg 37-39, 1101 BM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nelda Antonovaite
- Optics11 Life, Hettenheuvelweg 37-39, 1101 BM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Luisa Marini
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Javier Lopez Alonso
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lorena Redonto-Morata
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Dupres
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastien Janel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sovon Acharya
- Institute of Physiology II, University Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jorge Otero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin Bielawski
- Optics11 Life, Hettenheuvelweg 37-39, 1101 BM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hermann Schillers
- Institute of Physiology II, University Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Lafont
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Felix Rico
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli" and CIMAINA, University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Manfred Radmacher
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
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11
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Wu H, Li G, Hou J, Sotthewes K. Probing surface properties of organic molecular layers by scanning tunneling microscopy. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102956. [PMID: 37393823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In view of the relevance of organic thin layers in many fields, the fundamentals, growth mechanisms, and dynamics of thin organic layers, in particular thiol-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) are systematically elaborated. From both theoretical and practical perspectives, dynamical and structural features of the SAMs are of great intrigue. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a remarkably powerful technique employed in the characterization of SAMs. Numerous research examples of investigation about the structural and dynamical properties of SAMs using STM, sometimes combined with other techniques, are listed in the review. Advanced options to enhance the time resolution of STM are discussed. Additionally, we elaborate on the extremely diverse dynamics of various SAMs, such as phase transitions and structural changes at the molecular level. In brief, the current review is expected to supply a better understanding and novel insights regarding the dynamical events happening in organic SAMs and how to characterize these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Genglin Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jirui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Kai Sotthewes
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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12
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Ghosh D, Hsu J, Soriano K, Peña CM, Lee AH, Dizon DS, Dawson MR. Spatial Heterogeneity in Cytoskeletal Mechanics Response to TGF-β1 and Hypoxia Mediates Partial Epithelial-to-Meshenchymal Transition in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3186. [PMID: 37370796 PMCID: PMC10296400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) involves the partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells in the primary tumor and dissemination into peritoneal fluid. In part to the high degree of heterogeneity in EOC cells, the identification of EMT in highly epithelial cells in response to differences in matrix mechanics, growth factor signaling, and tissue hypoxia is very difficult. We analyzed different degrees of EMT by tracking changes in cell and nuclear morphology, along with the organization of cytoskeletal proteins. In our analysis, we see a small percentage of individual cells that show dramatic response to TGF-β1 and hypoxia treatment. We demonstrate that EOC cells are spatially aware of their surroundings, with a subpopulation of EOC cells at the periphery of a cell cluster in 2D environments exhibited a greater degree of EMT. These peripheral cancer cells underwent partial EMT, displaying a hybrid of mesenchymal and epithelial characteristics, which often included less cortical actin and more perinuclear cytokeratin expression. Collectively, these data show that tumor-promoting microenvironment conditions can mediate invasive cell behavior in a spatially regulated context in a small subpopulation of highly epithelial clustered cancer cells that maintain epithelial characteristics while also acquiring some mesenchymal traits through partial EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepraj Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.G.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.G.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Kylen Soriano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.G.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Carolina Mejia Peña
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.G.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Amy H. Lee
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Don S. Dizon
- Lifespan Cancer Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Michelle R. Dawson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.G.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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13
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Feng Y, Jia D, Yue H, Wang J, Song W, Li L, Zhang AM, Li S, Chang X, Zhou D. Breaking through Barriers: Ultrafast Microbullet Based on Cavitation Bubble. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207565. [PMID: 36732889 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors hold great promise for extensive practical applications such as those in biomedical domains and reservoir exploration. However, insufficient propulsion of the micromotor limits its application in crossing biological barriers and breaking reservoir boundaries. In this study, an ultrafast microbullet based on laser cavitation that can utilize the energy of a cavitation bubble and realize its own hurtling motion is reported. The experiments are performed using high-speed photography. A boundary integral method is adopted to reveal the motion mechanism of a polystyrene (PS)/magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) microbullet under the action of laser cavitation. Furthermore, the influence of certain factors (including laser intensity, microbullet size, and ambient temperature) on the motion of the microbullet was explored. For the PS/MNP microbullet driven by laser cavitation, the instantaneous velocity obtained can reach 5.23 m s-1 . This strategy of driving the PS/MNP microbullet provides strong penetration ability and targeted motion. It is believed that the reported propulsion mechanism opens up new possibilities for micromotors in a wide range of engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Deli Jia
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Honger Yue
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wenping Song
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 401151, China
| | - Longqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - A-Man Zhang
- College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaocong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 401151, China
| | - Dekai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 401151, China
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14
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Yang BA, da Rocha AM, Newton I, Shcherbina A, Wong SW, Fraczek PM, Larouche JA, Hiraki HL, Baker BM, Shin JW, Takayama S, Thouless MD, Aguilar CA. Manipulation of the nucleoscaffold potentiates cellular reprogramming kinetics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.12.532246. [PMID: 36993714 PMCID: PMC10055010 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.12.532246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cell fate is an outcome set by the activities of specific transcription factors and the chromatin landscape and is maintained by gene silencing of alternate cell fates through physical interactions with the nuclear scaffold. Here, we evaluate the role of the nuclear scaffold as a guardian of cell fate in human fibroblasts by comparing the effects of transient loss (knockdown) and mutation (progeria) of functional Lamin A/C, a core component of the nuclear scaffold. We observed that Lamin A/C deficiency or mutation disrupts nuclear morphology, heterochromatin levels, and increases access to DNA in lamina-associated domains. Changes in Lamin A/C were also found to impact the mechanical properties of the nucleus when measured by a microfluidic cellular squeezing device. We also show that transient loss of Lamin A/C accelerates the kinetics of cellular reprogramming to pluripotency through opening of previously silenced heterochromatin domains while genetic mutation of Lamin A/C into progerin induces a senescent phenotype that inhibits the induction of reprogramming genes. Our results highlight the physical role of the nuclear scaffold in safeguarding cellular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Yang
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Isabel Newton
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Dept. of Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sing-Wan Wong
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paula M. Fraczek
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jacqueline A. Larouche
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Harrison L. Hiraki
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - M. D. Thouless
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carlos A. Aguilar
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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15
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Liu S, Li Y, Hong Y, Wang M, Zhang H, Ma J, Qu K, Huang G, Lu TJ. Mechanotherapy in oncology: Targeting nuclear mechanics and mechanotransduction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 194:114722. [PMID: 36738968 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotherapy is proposed as a new option for cancer treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that characteristic differences are present in the nuclear mechanics and mechanotransduction of cancer cells compared with those of normal cells. Recent advances in understanding nuclear mechanics and mechanotransduction provide not only further insights into the process of malignant transformation but also useful references for developing new therapeutic approaches. Herein, we present an overview of the alterations of nuclear mechanics and mechanotransduction in cancer cells and highlight their implications in cancer mechanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China; MIIT Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yuan Hong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China; MIIT Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China
| | - Jinlu Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China; MIIT Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China.
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16
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Medical micro- and nanomotors in the body. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:517-541. [PMID: 36873176 PMCID: PMC9979267 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Attributed to the miniaturized body size and active mobility, micro- and nanomotors (MNMs) have demonstrated tremendous potential for medical applications. However, from bench to bedside, massive efforts are needed to address critical issues, such as cost-effective fabrication, on-demand integration of multiple functions, biocompatibility, biodegradability, controlled propulsion and in vivo navigation. Herein, we summarize the advances of biomedical MNMs reported in the past two decades, with particular emphasis on the design, fabrication, propulsion, navigation, and the abilities of biological barriers penetration, biosensing, diagnosis, minimally invasive surgery and targeted cargo delivery. Future perspectives and challenges are discussed as well. This review can lay the foundation for the future direction of medical MNMs, pushing one step forward on the road to achieving practical theranostics using MNMs.
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17
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Kahle ER, Patel N, Sreenivasappa HB, Marcolongo MS, Han L. Targeting cell-matrix interface mechanobiology by integrating AFM with fluorescence microscopy. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 176:67-81. [PMID: 36055517 PMCID: PMC9691605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensing at the interface of a cell and its surrounding microenvironment is an essential driving force of physiological processes. Understanding molecular activities at the cell-matrix interface has the potential to provide novel targets for improving tissue regeneration and early disease intervention. In the past few decades, the advancement of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has offered a unique platform for probing mechanobiology at this crucial microdomain. In this review, we describe key advances under this topic through the use of an integrated system of AFM (as a biomechanical testing tool) with complementary immunofluorescence (IF) imaging (as an in situ navigation system). We first describe the body of work investigating the micromechanics of the pericellular matrix (PCM), the immediate cell micro-niche, in healthy, diseased, and genetically modified tissues, with a focus on articular cartilage. We then summarize the key findings in understanding cellular biomechanics and mechanotransduction, in which, molecular mechanisms governing transmembrane ion channel-mediated mechanosensing, cytoskeleton remodeling, and nucleus remodeling have been studied in various cell and tissue types. Lastly, we provide an overview of major technical advances that have enabled more in-depth studies of mechanobiology, including the integration of AFM with a side-view microscope, multiple optomicroscopy, a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) module, and a tensile stretching device. The innovations described here have contributed greatly to advancing the fundamental knowledge of extracellular matrix biomechanics and cell mechanobiology for improved understanding, detection, and intervention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Kahle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Neil Patel
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Harini B Sreenivasappa
- Cell Imaging Center, Office of Research and Innovation, Drexel University, PA 19104, United States
| | - Michele S Marcolongo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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18
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Discriminating bladder cancer cells through rheological mechanomarkers at cell and spheroid levels. J Biomech 2022; 144:111346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Fenelon KD, Thomas E, Samani M, Zhu M, Tao H, Sun Y, McNeill H, Hopyan S. Transgenic force sensors and software to measure force transmission across the mammalian nuclear envelope in vivo. Biol Open 2022; 11:281166. [DOI: 10.1242/bio.059656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Nuclear mechanotransduction is a growing field with exciting implications for the regulation of gene expression and cellular function. Mechanical signals may be transduced to the nuclear interior biochemically or physically through connections between the cell surface and chromatin. To define mechanical stresses upon the nucleus in physiological settings, we generated transgenic mouse strains that harbour FRET-based tension sensors or control constructs in the outer and inner aspects of the nuclear envelope. We knocked-in a published esprin-2G sensor to measure tensions across the LINC complex and generated a new sensor that links the inner nuclear membrane to chromatin. To mitigate challenges inherent to fluorescence lifetime analysis in vivo, we developed software (FLIMvivo) that markedly improves the fitting of fluorescence decay curves. In the mouse embryo, the sensors responded to cytoskeletal relaxation and stretch applied by micro-aspiration. They reported organ-specific differences and a spatiotemporal tension gradient along the proximodistal axis of the limb bud, raising the possibility that mechanical mechanisms coregulate pattern formation. These mouse strains and software are potentially valuable tools for testing and refining mechanotransduction hypotheses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli D. Fenelon
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
- University of Toronto 2 Department of Molecular Genetics , , Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Evan Thomas
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
| | - Mohammad Samani
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
| | - Min Zhu
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
- University of Toronto 3 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , , Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 , Canada
| | - Hirotaka Tao
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- University of Toronto 3 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , , Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 , Canada
| | - Helen McNeill
- Washington University 4 Department of Developmental Biology , , St. Louis, MO 63110 , USA
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute 5 , Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 , Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
- University of Toronto 2 Department of Molecular Genetics , , Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 , Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto 6 Division of Orthopaedic Surgery , , ON M5G 1X8 , Canada
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20
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Liu L, Simon M, Muggiolu G, Vilotte F, Antoine M, Caron J, Kantor G, Barberet P, Seznec H, Audoin B. Changes in intra-nuclear mechanics in response to DNA damaging agents revealed by time-domain Brillouin micro-spectroscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 27:100385. [PMID: 36068801 PMCID: PMC9441258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
How DNA damage and repair processes affect the biomechanical properties of the nucleus interior remains unknown. Here, an opto-acoustic microscope based on time-domain Brillouin spectroscopy (TDBS) was used to investigate the induced regulation of intra-nuclear mechanics. With this ultrafast pump-probe technique, coherent acoustic phonons were tracked along their propagation in the intra-nucleus nanostructure and the complex stiffness moduli and thicknesses were measured with an optical resolution. Osteosarcoma cells were exposed to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and the presence of DNA damage was tested using immunodetection targeted against damage signaling proteins. TDBS revealed that the intra-nuclear storage modulus decreased significantly upon exposure to MMS, as a result of the chromatin decondensation and reorganization that favors molecular diffusion within the organelle. When the damaging agent was removed and cells incubated for 2 h in the buffer solution before fixation the intra-nuclear reorganization led to an inverse evolution of the storage modulus, the nucleus stiffened. The same tendency was measured when DNA double-strand breaks were caused by cell exposure to ionizing radiation. TDBS microscopy also revealed changes in acoustic dissipation, another mechanical probe of the intra-nucleus organization at the nano-scale, and changes in nucleus thickness during exposure to MMS and after recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Liu
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Marina Simon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | | | - Florent Vilotte
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Regional Cancer Centre of Bordeaux and Southwest and University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Mikael Antoine
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Regional Cancer Centre of Bordeaux and Southwest and University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Jerôme Caron
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Regional Cancer Centre of Bordeaux and Southwest and University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Guy Kantor
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Regional Cancer Centre of Bordeaux and Southwest and University of Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hervé Seznec
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Bertrand Audoin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
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21
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AFM imaging of the transcriptionally active chromatin in mammalian cells' nuclei. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130234. [PMID: 36007722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear rigidity is traditionally associated with lamina and densely packed heterochromatin. Actively transcribed DNA is thought to be less densely packed. Currently, approaches for direct measurements of the transcriptionally active chromatin rigidity are quite limited. METHODS Isolated nuclei were subjected to mechanical stress at 60 g and analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). RESULTS Nuclei of the normal fibroblast cells were completely flattened under mechanical stress, whereas nuclei of the cancerous HeLa were extremely resistant. In the deformed HeLa nuclei, AFM revealed a highly-branched landscape assembled of ~400 nm closed-packed globules and their structure was changing in response to external influence. Normal and cancerous cells' isolated nuclei were strikingly different by DNA resistance to applied mechanical stress. Paradoxically, more transcriptionally active and less optically dense chromatin of the nuclei of the cancerous cells demonstrated higher physical rigidity. A high concentration of the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D led to complete flattening of HeLa nuclei, that might be related to the relaxation of supercoiled DNA tending to deformation. At a low concentration of actinomycin D, we observed the intermediary formation of stochastically distributed nanoloops and nanofilaments with different shapes but constant width ~ 180 nm. We related this phenomenon with partial DNA relaxation, while non-relaxed DNA still remained rigid. CONCLUSIONS The resistance to deformation of nuclear chromatin correlates with fundamental biological processes in the cell nucleus, such as transcription, as assessed by AFM. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A new outlook to studying internal nuclei structure is proposed.
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22
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Katiyar A, Zhang J, Antani JD, Yu Y, Scott KL, Lele PP, Reinhart‐King CA, Sniadecki NJ, Roux KJ, Dickinson RB, Lele TP. The Nucleus Bypasses Obstacles by Deforming Like a Drop with Surface Tension Mediated by Lamin A/C. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201248. [PMID: 35712768 PMCID: PMC9376816 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Migrating cells must deform their stiff cell nucleus to move through pores and fibers in tissue. Lamin A/C is known to hinder cell migration by limiting nuclear deformation and passage through confining channels, but its role in nuclear deformation and passage through fibrous environments is less clear. Cell and nuclear migration through discrete, closely spaced, slender obstacles which mimic the mechanical properties of collagen fibers are studied. Nuclei bypass slender obstacles while preserving their overall morphology by deforming around them with deep local invaginations of little resisting force. The obstacles do not impede the nuclear trajectory and do not cause rupture of the nuclear envelope. Nuclei likewise deform around single collagen fibers in cells migrating in 3D collagen gels. In contrast to its limiting role in nuclear passage through confining channels, lamin A/C facilitates nuclear deformation and passage through fibrous environments; nuclei in lamin-null (Lmna-/- ) cells lose their overall morphology and become entangled on the obstacles. Analogous to surface tension-mediated deformation of a liquid drop, lamin A/C imparts a surface tension on the nucleus that allows nuclear invaginations with little mechanical resistance, preventing nuclear entanglement and allowing nuclear passage through fibrous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Katiyar
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTexas A&M University101 Bizzell St.College StationTX77843USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt University2301 Vanderbilt PlaceNashvilleTN37235USA
| | - Jyot D. Antani
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M University3122 TAMUCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Florida1030 Center DriveGainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Kelsey L. Scott
- Enabling Technologies GroupSanford Research2301 East 60th St NSioux FallsSD57104USA
| | - Pushkar P. Lele
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M University3122 TAMUCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Cynthia A. Reinhart‐King
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt University2301 Vanderbilt PlaceNashvilleTN37235USA
| | - Nathan J. Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringDepartment of Lab Medicine and PathologyInstitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineCenter for Cardiac BiologyUniversity of WashingtonStevens Way, Box 352600SeattleWA98195USA
| | - Kyle J. Roux
- Enabling Technologies GroupSanford Research2301 East 60th St NSioux FallsSD57104USA
- Department of PediatricsSanford School of MedicineUniversity of South Dakota414 E Clark StVermillionSD57069USA
| | - Richard B. Dickinson
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Florida1030 Center DriveGainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTexas A&M University101 Bizzell St.College StationTX77843USA
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M University3122 TAMUCollege StationTX77843USA
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesTexas A&M University2121 W Holcombe St.HoustonTX77030USA
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Abstract
Recent years have seen substantial efforts aimed at constructing artificial cells from various molecular components with the aim of mimicking the processes, behaviours and architectures found in biological systems. Artificial cell development ultimately aims to produce model constructs that progress our understanding of biology, as well as forming the basis for functional bio-inspired devices that can be used in fields such as therapeutic delivery, biosensing, cell therapy and bioremediation. Typically, artificial cells rely on a bilayer membrane chassis and have fluid aqueous interiors to mimic biological cells. However, a desire to more accurately replicate the gel-like properties of intracellular and extracellular biological environments has driven increasing efforts to build cell mimics based on hydrogels. This has enabled researchers to exploit some of the unique functional properties of hydrogels that have seen them deployed in fields such as tissue engineering, biomaterials and drug delivery. In this Review, we explore how hydrogels can be leveraged in the context of artificial cell development. We also discuss how hydrogels can potentially be incorporated within the next generation of artificial cells to engineer improved biological mimics and functional microsystems.
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24
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Mechanical signatures of human colon cancers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12475. [PMID: 35864200 PMCID: PMC9304395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the standard parameters used for colorectal cancer (CRC) management, new features are needed in clinical practice to improve progression-free and overall survival. In some cancers, the microenvironment mechanical properties can contribute to cancer progression and metastasis formation, or constitute a physical barrier for drug penetration or immune cell infiltration. These mechanical properties remain poorly known for colon tissues. Using a multidisciplinary approach including clinical data, physics and geostatistics, we characterized the stiffness of healthy and malignant colon specimens. For this purpose, we analyzed a prospective cohort of 18 patients with untreated colon adenocarcinoma using atomic force microscopy to generate micrometer-scale mechanical maps. We characterized the stiffness of normal epithelium samples taken far away or close to the tumor area and selected tumor tissue areas. These data showed that normal epithelium was softer than tumors. In tumors, stroma areas were stiffer than malignant epithelial cell areas. Among the clinical parameters, tumor left location, higher stage, and RAS mutations were associated with increased tissue stiffness. Thus, in patients with CRC, measuring tumor tissue rigidity may have a translational value and an impact on patient care.
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25
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Sohrabi Kashani A, Larocque K, Piekny A, Packirisamy M. Gold Nano-Bio-Interaction to Modulate Mechanobiological Responses for Cancer Therapy Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3741-3752. [PMID: 35839330 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the mechanobiological responses of human lung cancer that may occur through their interactions with two different types of gold nanoparticles: nanostars and nanospheres. Hyperspectral images of nanoparticle-treated cells revealed different spatial distributions of nanoparticles in cells depending on their morphology, with nanospheres being more uniformly distributed in cells than nanostars. Gold nanospheres were also found to be more effective in mechanobiological modulations. They significantly suppressed the migratory ability of cells under different incubation times while lowering the bulk stiffness and adhesion of cells. This in vitro study suggests the potential applications of gold nanoparticles to manage cell migration. Nano-bio-interactions appeared to impact the cytoskeletal organization of cells and consequently alter the mechanical properties of cells, which could influence the cellular functions of cells. According to the results and migratory index model, it is thought that nanoparticle-treated cells experience mechanical changes in their body, which largely reduces their migratory potentials. These findings provide a better understanding of nano-bio-interaction in terms of cell mechanics and highlight the importance of mechanobiological responses in designing gold nanoparticles for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sohrabi Kashani
- Optical Bio-Microsystem Lab, Micro-Nano-Bio-Integration Centre, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering of Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1M8
| | - Kevin Larocque
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6
| | - Alisa Piekny
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6
| | - Muthukumaran Packirisamy
- Optical Bio-Microsystem Lab, Micro-Nano-Bio-Integration Centre, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering of Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1M8
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26
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Mechanical Characterization and Modelling of Subcellular Components of Oocytes. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071087. [PMID: 35888904 PMCID: PMC9319074 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The early steps of embryogenesis are controlled exclusively by the quality of oocyte that linked closely to its mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of an oocyte were commonly characterized by assuming it was homogeneous such that the result deviated significantly from the true fact that it was composed of subcellular components. In this work, we accessed and characterized the subcellular components of the oocytes and developed a layered high-fidelity finite element model for describing the viscoelastic responses of an oocyte under loading. The zona pellucida (ZP) and cytoplasm were isolated from an oocyte using an in-house robotic micromanipulation platform and placed on AFM to separately characterizing their mechanical profiling by analyzing the creep behavior with the force clamping technique. The spring and damping parameters of a Kelvin–Voigt model were derived by fitting the creeping curve to the model, which were used to define the shear relaxation modulus and relaxation time of ZP or cytoplasm in the ZP and cytoplasm model. In the micropipette aspiration experiment, the model was accurate sufficiently to deliver the time-varying aspiration depth of the oocytes under the step negative pressure of a micropipette. In the micropipette microinjection experiment, the model accurately described the intracellular strain introduced by the penetration. The developed oocyte FEM model has implications for further investigating the viscoelastic responses of the oocytes under different loading settings.
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27
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Rix J, Uckermann O, Kirsche K, Schackert G, Koch E, Kirsch M, Galli R. Correlation of biomechanics and cancer cell phenotype by combined Brillouin and Raman spectroscopy of U87-MG glioblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, INTERFACE 2022; 19:20220209. [PMID: 35857926 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of biomechanics furthers our understanding of brain tumour biology. Brillouin spectroscopy is a new optical method that addresses viscoelastic properties down to subcellular resolution in a contact-free manner. Moreover, it can be combined with Raman spectroscopy to obtain co-localized biochemical information. Here, we applied co-registered Brillouin and Raman spectroscopy to U87-MG human glioblastoma cells in vitro. Using two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures, we related biomechanical properties to local biochemical composition at the subcellular level, as well as the cell phenotype. Brillouin and Raman mapping of adherent cells showed that the nucleus and nucleoli are stiffer than the perinuclear region and the cytoplasm. The biomechanics of the cell cytoplasm is affected by culturing conditions, i.e. cells grown as spheroids are stiffer than adherent cells. Inside the spheroids, the presence of lipid droplets as assessed by Raman spectroscopy revealed higher Brillouin shifts that are not related to a local increase in stiffness, but are due to a higher refractive index combined with a lower mass density. This highlights the importance of locally defined biochemical reference data for a correct interpretation of the Brillouin shift of cells and tissues in future studies investigating the biomechanics of brain tumour models by Brillouin spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rix
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.,Division of Medical Biology, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Kirsche
- Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.,Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Asklepios Kliniken Schildautal, Karl-Herold-Strasse 1, D-38723 Seesen, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberta Galli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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28
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A role for nuclear stretching and NPCs changes in the cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking of YAP: An experimental and numerical modelling approach. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100335. [PMID: 35813578 PMCID: PMC9263995 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces, acting on eukaryotic cells, are responsible for cell shape, cell proliferation, cell polarity, and cell differentiation thanks to two cells abilities known as mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Mechanosensing consists of the ability of a cell to sense mechanical cues, while mechanotransduction is the capacity of a cell to respond to these signals by translating mechanical stimuli into biochemical ones. These signals propagate from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus with different well known physical connections, but how the mechanical signals are transduced into biochemical ones remains an open challenge. Recent findings showed that the cell-generated forces affect the translocation of transcription factors (TFs) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. This mechanism is affected by the features of nuclear pore complexes. Owing to the complex patterns of strains and stresses of the nuclear envelope caused by cytoskeletal forces, it is likely that the morphology of NPC changes as cytoskeleton assemblies’ change. This may ultimately affect molecular transport through the nucleus, hence altering cell functions. Among the various TFs, Yes-associated protein (YAP), which is typically involved in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, is able to activate specific pathways when entrapped into the cell nucleus. Here, starting from experimental results, we develop a multiscale finite element (FE) model aimed to simulate the macroscopic cell spreading and consequent changes in the cell mechanical behaviour to be related to the NPCs changes and YAP nuclear transport.
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29
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Villa S, Palamidessi A, Frittoli E, Scita G, Cerbino R, Giavazzi F. Non-invasive measurement of nuclear relative stiffness from quantitative analysis of microscopy data. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:50. [PMID: 35604494 PMCID: PMC9165292 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The connection between the properties of a cell tissue and those of the single constituent cells remains to be elucidated. At the purely mechanical level, the degree of rigidity of different cellular components, such as the nucleus and the cytoplasm, modulates the interplay between the cell inner processes and the external environment, while simultaneously mediating the mechanical interactions between neighboring cells. Being able to quantify the correlation between single-cell and tissue properties would improve our mechanobiological understanding of cell tissues. Here we develop a methodology to quantitatively extract a set of structural and motility parameters from the analysis of time-lapse movies of nuclei belonging to jammed and flocking cell monolayers. We then study in detail the correlation between the dynamical state of the tissue and the deformation of the nuclei. We observe that the nuclear deformation rate linearly correlates with the local divergence of the velocity field, which leads to a non-invasive estimate of the elastic modulus of the nucleus relative to the one of the cytoplasm. We also find that nuclei belonging to flocking monolayers, subjected to larger mechanical perturbations, are about two time stiffer than nuclei belonging to dynamically arrested monolayers, in agreement with atomic force microscopy results. Our results demonstrate a non-invasive route to the determination of nuclear relative stiffness for cells in a monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Villa
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | | | | | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Emato-Oncologia, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cerbino
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabio Giavazzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Segrate, Italy
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30
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Wen Y, Xie D, Liu Z. Advances in protein analysis in single live cells: principle, instrumentation and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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31
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Holuigue H, Lorenc E, Chighizola M, Schulte C, Varinelli L, Deraco M, Guaglio M, Gariboldi M, Podestà A. Force Sensing on Cells and Tissues by Atomic Force Microscopy. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22062197. [PMID: 35336366 PMCID: PMC8955449 DOI: 10.3390/s22062197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are aimed at detecting tiny physical and chemical stimuli in biological systems. Physical forces are ubiquitous, being implied in all cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Given the strong interplay between cells and their microenvironment, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the structural and mechanical properties of the ECM play an important role in the transmission of external stimuli to single cells within the tissue. Vice versa, cells themselves also use self-generated forces to probe the biophysical properties of the ECM. ECM mechanics influence cell fate, regulate tissue development, and show peculiar features in health and disease conditions of living organisms. Force sensing in biological systems is therefore crucial to dissecting and understanding complex biological processes, such as mechanotransduction. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), which can both sense and apply forces at the nanoscale, with sub-nanonewton sensitivity, represents an enabling technology and a crucial experimental tool in biophysics and mechanobiology. In this work, we report on the application of AFM to the study of biomechanical fingerprints of different components of biological systems, such as the ECM, the whole cell, and cellular components, such as the nucleus, lamellipodia and the glycocalyx. We show that physical observables such as the (spatially resolved) Young’s Modulus (YM) of elasticity of ECMs or cells, and the effective thickness and stiffness of the glycocalyx, can be quantitatively characterized by AFM. Their modification can be correlated to changes in the microenvironment, physio-pathological conditions, or gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Holuigue
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy; (H.H.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Ewelina Lorenc
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy; (H.H.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Matteo Chighizola
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy; (H.H.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Carsten Schulte
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy; (H.H.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Luca Varinelli
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcello Deraco
- Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Unit, Colorectal Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcello Guaglio
- Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Unit, Colorectal Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy; (H.H.); (E.L.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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32
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Rothermel TM, Cook BL, Alford PW. Cellular Microbiaxial Stretching Assay for Measurement and Characterization of the Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Micropatterned Cells. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e370. [PMID: 35195953 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the mechanical properties of single cells is important for developing descriptive models of tissue mechanics and improving the understanding of mechanically driven cell processes. Standard methods for measuring single-cell mechanical properties typically provide isotropic mechanical descriptions. However, many cells exhibit specialized geometries in vivo, with anisotropic cytoskeletal architectures reflective of their function, and are exposed to dynamic multiaxial loads, raising the need for more complete descriptions of their anisotropic mechanical properties under complex deformations. Here, we describe the cellular microbiaxial stretching (CμBS) assay in which controlled deformations are applied to micropatterned cells while simultaneously measuring cell stress. CμBS utilizes a set of linear actuators to apply tensile or compressive, short- or long-term deformations to cells micropatterned on a fluorescent bead-doped polyacrylamide gel. Using traction force microscopy principles and the known geometry of the cell and the mechanical properties of the underlying gel, we calculate the stress within the cell to formulate stress-strain curves that can be further used to create mechanical descriptions of the cells, such as strain energy density functions. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Assembly of CμBS stretching constructs Basic Protocol 2: Polymerization of micropatterned, bead-doped polyacrylamide gel on an elastomer membrane Support Protocol: Cell culture and seeding onto CμBS constructs Basic Protocol 3: Implementing CμBS stretching protocols and traction force microscopy Basic Protocol 4: Data analysis and cell stress measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Rothermel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bernard L Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Patrick W Alford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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33
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Sun W, Gao X, Lei H, Wang W, Cao Y. Biophysical Approaches for Applying and Measuring Biological Forces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105254. [PMID: 34923777 PMCID: PMC8844594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, increasing evidence has indicated that mechanical loads can regulate the morphogenesis, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of living cells. Investigations of how cells sense mechanical stimuli or the mechanotransduction mechanism is an active field of biomaterials and biophysics. Gaining a further understanding of mechanical regulation and depicting the mechanotransduction network inside cells require advanced experimental techniques and new theories. In this review, the fundamental principles of various experimental approaches that have been developed to characterize various types and magnitudes of forces experienced at the cellular and subcellular levels are summarized. The broad applications of these techniques are introduced with an emphasis on the difficulties in implementing these techniques in special biological systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed, which can guide readers to choose the most suitable technique for their questions. A perspective on future directions in this field is also provided. It is anticipated that technical advancement can be a driving force for the development of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Sun
- School of SciencesNantong UniversityNantong226019P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Hai Lei
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation CenterNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and TechnologyDepartment of Polymer Science & EngineeringCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation CenterNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
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34
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Fang B, Zhao L, Du X, Liu Q, Yang H, Li F, Sheng Y, Zhao W, Zhong H. Studying the
Rhodopsin‐Like
G Protein Coupled Receptors by Atomic Force Microscopy. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 78:400-416. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Information Engineering Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Information Engineering Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Information Engineering Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Information Engineering Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Information Engineering Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohuan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Information Engineering Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Information Engineering Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Haijian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Information Engineering Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education Gannan Medical University Ganzhou People's Republic of China
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Sirotin MA, Romodina MN, Lyubin EV, Soboleva IV, Fedyanin AA. Single-cell all-optical coherence elastography with optical tweezers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:14-25. [PMID: 35154850 PMCID: PMC8803033 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The elastic properties of cells are important for many of their functions, however the development of label free noninvasive cellular elastography method is a challenging topic. We present a novel single-cell all-optical coherence elastography method that combines optical tweezers producing mechanical excitation on the cell membrane or organelle and phase-sensitive optical coherence microscopy measuring sample response and determining its mechanical properties. The method allows living cells imaging with a lateral resolution of 0.5 μm and an axial resolution up to 10 nm, making it possible to detect nanometer displacements of the cell organelles and to record the propagation of mechanical wave along the cell membrane in response to optical tweezers excitation. We also demonstrate applicability of the method on single living red blood cells, yeast and cancer cells. The all-optical nature of the method developed makes it a promising and easily applicable tool for studying cellular and subcellular mechanics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Sirotin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maria N. Romodina
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Lyubin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina V. Soboleva
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Fedyanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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36
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Zhang Y, Li L, Wang J. Role of Ligand Distribution in the Cytoskeleton-Associated Endocytosis of Ellipsoidal Nanoparticles. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120993. [PMID: 34940494 PMCID: PMC8705050 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)–cell interaction mediated by receptor–ligand bonds is a crucial phenomenon in pathology, cellular immunity, and drug delivery systems, and relies strongly on the shape of NPs and the stiffness of the cell. Given this significance, a fundamental question is raised on how the ligand distribution may affect the membrane wrapping of non-spherical NPs under the influence of cytoskeleton deformation. To address this issue, in this work we use a coupled elasticity–diffusion model to systematically investigate the role of ligand distribution in the cytoskeleton-associated endocytosis of ellipsoidal NPs for different NP shapes, sizes, cytoskeleton stiffness, and the initial receptor densities. In this model, we have taken into account the effects of receptor diffusion, receptor–ligand binding, cytoskeleton and membrane deformations, and changes in the configuration entropy of receptors. By solving this model, we find that the uptake process can be significantly influenced by the ligand distribution. Additionally, there exists an optimal state of such a distribution, which corresponds to the fastest uptake efficiency and depends on the NP aspect ratio and cytoskeleton stiffness. We also find that the optimal distribution usually needs local ligand density to be sufficiently high at the large curvature region. Furthermore, the optimal state of NP entry into cells can tolerate slight changes to the corresponding optimal distribution of the ligands. The tolerance to such a change is enhanced as the average receptor density and NP size increase. These results may provide guidelines to control NP–cell interactions and improve the efficiency of target drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Long Li
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (J.W.)
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37
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Hobson CM, Falvo MR, Superfine R. A survey of physical methods for studying nuclear mechanics and mechanobiology. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041508. [PMID: 34849443 PMCID: PMC8604565 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that the cell nucleus is not only a home for DNA but also a complex material that resists physical deformations and dynamically responds to external mechanical cues. The molecules that confer mechanical properties to nuclei certainly contribute to laminopathies and possibly contribute to cellular mechanotransduction and physical processes in cancer such as metastasis. Studying nuclear mechanics and the downstream biochemical consequences or their modulation requires a suite of complex assays for applying, measuring, and visualizing mechanical forces across diverse length, time, and force scales. Here, we review the current methods in nuclear mechanics and mechanobiology, placing specific emphasis on each of their unique advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we explore important considerations in selecting a new methodology as are demonstrated by recent examples from the literature. We conclude by providing an outlook on the development of new methods and the judicious use of the current techniques for continued exploration into the role of nuclear mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R. Falvo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Applied Physical Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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38
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Sanchez JG, Espinosa FM, Miguez R, Garcia R. The viscoelasticity of adherent cells follows a single power-law with distinct local variations within a single cell and across cell lines. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16339-16348. [PMID: 34581722 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03894j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AFM-based force-distance curves are commonly used to characterize the nanomechanical properties of live cells. The transformation of these curves into nanomechanical properties requires the development of contact mechanics models. Spatially-resolved force-distance curves involving 1 to 2 μm deformations were obtained on HeLa and NIH 3T3 (fibroblast) cells. An elastic and two viscoelastic models were used to describe the experimental force-distance curves. The best agreement was obtained by applying a contact mechanics model that accounts for the geometry of the contact and the finite-thickness of the cell and assumes a single power-law dependence with time. Our findings show the shortcomings of elastic and semi-infinite viscoelastic models to characterize the mechanical response of a mammalian cell under micrometer-scale deformations. The parameters of the 3D power-law viscoelastic model, compressive modulus and fluidity exponent showed local variations within a single cell and across the two cell lines. The corresponding nanomechanical maps revealed structures that were not visible in the AFM topographic maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan G Sanchez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco M Espinosa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ruben Miguez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Garcia
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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39
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Kim PH, Chen NY, Heizer PJ, Tu Y, Weston TA, Fong JLC, Gill NK, Rowat AC, Young SG, Fong LG. Nuclear membrane ruptures underlie the vascular pathology in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. JCI Insight 2021; 6:151515. [PMID: 34423791 PMCID: PMC8409987 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutant nuclear lamin protein (progerin) produced in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) results in loss of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), but the mechanism has been unclear. We found that progerin induces repetitive nuclear membrane (NM) ruptures, DNA damage, and cell death in cultured SMCs. Reducing lamin B1 expression and exposing cells to mechanical stress - to mirror conditions in the aorta - triggered more frequent NM ruptures. Increasing lamin B1 protein levels had the opposite effect, reducing NM ruptures and improving cell survival. Remarkably, raising lamin B1 levels increased nuclear compliance in cells and was able to offset the increased nuclear stiffness caused by progerin. In mice, lamin B1 expression in aortic SMCs is normally very low, and in mice with a targeted HGPS mutation (LmnaG609G), levels of lamin B1 decrease further with age while progerin levels increase. Those observations suggest that NM ruptures might occur in aortic SMCs in vivo. Indeed, studies in LmnaG609G mice identified NM ruptures in aortic SMCs, along with ultrastructural abnormalities in the cell nucleus that preceded SMC loss. Our studies identify NM ruptures in SMCs as likely causes of vascular pathology in HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Kim
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering
| | - Natalie Y. Chen
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy C. Rowat
- Department of Bioengineering
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, and
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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40
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Bend, Push, Stretch: Remarkable Structure and Mechanics of Single Intermediate Filaments and Meshworks. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081960. [PMID: 34440729 PMCID: PMC8394331 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton of the eukaryotic cell provides a structural and functional scaffold enabling biochemical and cellular functions. While actin and microtubules form the main framework of the cell, intermediate filament networks provide unique mechanical properties that increase the resilience of both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, thereby maintaining cellular function while under mechanical pressure. Intermediate filaments (IFs) are imperative to a plethora of regulatory and signaling functions in mechanotransduction. Mutations in all types of IF proteins are known to affect the architectural integrity and function of cellular processes, leading to debilitating diseases. The basic building block of all IFs are elongated α-helical coiled-coils that assemble hierarchically into complex meshworks. A remarkable mechanical feature of IFs is the capability of coiled-coils to metamorphize into β-sheets under stress, making them one of the strongest and most resilient mechanical entities in nature. Here, we discuss structural and mechanical aspects of IFs with a focus on nuclear lamins and vimentin.
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41
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Balogh P, Gounley J, Roychowdhury S, Randles A. A data-driven approach to modeling cancer cell mechanics during microcirculatory transport. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15232. [PMID: 34315934 PMCID: PMC8316468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the effect of cellular level features on the transport of circulating cancer cells in the microcirculation, there has been an increasing reliance on high-resolution in silico models. Accurate simulation of cancer cells flowing with blood cells requires resolving cellular-scale interactions in 3D, which is a significant computational undertaking warranting a cancer cell model that is both computationally efficient yet sufficiently complex to capture relevant behavior. Given that the characteristics of metastatic spread are known to depend on cancer type, it is crucial to account for mechanistic behavior representative of a specific cancer's cells. To address this gap, in the present work we develop and validate a means by which an efficient and popular membrane model-based approach can be used to simulate deformable cancer cells and reproduce experimental data from specific cell lines. Here, cells are modeled using the immersed boundary method (IBM) within a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) fluid solver, and the finite element method (FEM) is used to model cell membrane resistance to deformation. Through detailed comparisons with experiments, we (i) validate this model to represent cancer cells undergoing large deformation, (ii) outline a systematic approach to parameterize different cell lines to optimally fit experimental data over a range of deformations, and (iii) provide new insight into nucleated vs. non-nucleated cell models and their ability to match experiments. While many works have used the membrane-model based method employed here to model generic cancer cells, no quantitative comparisons with experiments exist in the literature for specific cell lines undergoing large deformation. Here, we describe a phenomenological, data-driven approach that can not only yield good agreement for large deformations, but explicitly detail how it can be used to represent different cancer cell lines. This model is readily incorporated into cell-resolved hemodynamic transport simulations, and thus offers significant potential to complement experiments towards providing new insights into various aspects of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Balogh
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - John Gounley
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Computational Sciences and Engineering, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Sayan Roychowdhury
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Amanda Randles
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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42
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Modelling Nuclear Morphology and Shape Transformation: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070540. [PMID: 34357190 PMCID: PMC8304582 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most important cellular compartments, the nucleus contains genetic materials and separates them from the cytoplasm with the nuclear envelope (NE), a thin membrane that is susceptible to deformations caused by intracellular forces. Interestingly, accumulating evidence has also indicated that the morphology change of NE is tightly related to nuclear mechanotransduction and the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer and Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Theoretically, with the help of well-designed experiments, significant progress has been made in understanding the physical mechanisms behind nuclear shape transformation in different cellular processes as well as its biological implications. Here, we review different continuum-level (i.e., energy minimization, boundary integral and finite element-based) approaches that have been developed to predict the morphology and shape change of the cell nucleus. Essential gradients, relative advantages and limitations of each model will be discussed in detail, with the hope of sparking a greater research interest in this important topic in the future.
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43
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Qu J, Liu X. Recent Advances on SEM-Based In Situ Multiphysical Characterization of Nanomaterials. SCANNING 2021; 2021:4426254. [PMID: 34211620 PMCID: PMC8208868 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4426254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional nanomaterials possess exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties which have significantly benefited their diverse applications to a variety of scientific and engineering problems. In order to fully understand their characteristics and further guide their synthesis and device application, the multiphysical properties of these nanomaterials need to be characterized accurately and efficiently. Among various experimental tools for nanomaterial characterization, scanning electron microscopy- (SEM-) based platforms provide merits of high imaging resolution, accuracy and stability, well-controlled testing conditions, and the compatibility with other high-resolution material characterization techniques (e.g., atomic force microscopy), thus, various SEM-enabled techniques have been well developed for characterizing the multiphysical properties of nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize existing SEM-based platforms for nanomaterial multiphysical (mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical) in situ characterization, outline critical experimental challenges for nanomaterial optical characterization in SEM, and discuss potential demands of the SEM-based platforms to characterizing multiphysical properties of the nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntian Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology & Institute of Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision/Ultra-Precision Manufacturing Equipments and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
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44
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Alibert C, Pereira D, Lardier N, Etienne-Manneville S, Goud B, Asnacios A, Manneville JB. Multiscale rheology of glioma cells. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120903. [PMID: 34102526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cells tend to soften during cancer progression, suggesting that mechanical phenotyping could be used as a diagnostic or prognostic method. Here we investigate the cell mechanics of gliomas, brain tumors that originate from glial cells or glial progenitors. Using two microrheology techniques, a single-cell parallel plates rheometer to probe whole-cell mechanics and optical tweezers to probe intracellular rheology, we show that cell mechanics discriminates human glioma cells of different grades. When probed globally, grade IV glioblastoma cells are softer than grade III astrocytoma cells, while they are surprisingly stiffer at the intracellular level. We explain this difference between global and local intracellular behaviours by changes in the composition and spatial organization of the cytoskeleton, and by changes in nuclear mechanics. Our study highlights the need to combine rheology techniques for potential diagnostic or prognostic methods based on cancer cell mechanophenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Alibert
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - David Pereira
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR7057, Université Paris-Diderot, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Lardier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR7057, Université Paris-Diderot, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Manneville
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.
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45
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Roberts AB, Zhang J, Raj Singh V, Nikolić M, Moeendarbary E, Kamm RD, So PTC, Scarcelli G. Tumor cell nuclei soften during transendothelial migration. J Biomech 2021; 121:110400. [PMID: 33882444 PMCID: PMC8274349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During cancer metastasis, tumor cells undergo significant deformation in order to traverse through endothelial cell junctions in the walls of blood vessels. As cells pass through narrow gaps, smaller than the nuclear diameter, the spatial configuration of chromatin must change along with the distribution of nuclear enzymes. Nuclear stiffness is an important determinant of the ability of cells to undergo transendothelial migration, yet no studies have been conducted to assess whether tumor cell cytoskeletal or nuclear stiffness changes during this critical process in order to facilitate passage. To address this question, we employed two non-contact methods, Brillouin confocal microscopy (BCM) and confocal reflectance quantitative phase microscopy (QPM), to track the changes in mechanical properties of live, transmigrating tumor cells in an in vitro collagen gel platform. Using these two imaging modalities to study transmigrating MDA-MB-231, A549, and A375 cells, we found that both the cells and their nuclei soften upon extravasation and that the nuclear membranes remain soft for at least 24 h. These new data suggest that tumor cells adjust their mechanical properties in order to facilitate extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya B Roberts
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, MD, USA
| | - Vijay Raj Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Miloš Nikolić
- Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.
| | - Peter T C So
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, MD, USA; Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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46
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Dey K, Roca E, Ramorino G, Sartore L. Progress in the mechanical modulation of cell functions in tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:7033-7081. [PMID: 33150878 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, mechanics at multiple stages-nucleus to cell to ECM-underlie multiple physiological and pathological functions from its development to reproduction to death. Under this inspiration, substantial research has established the role of multiple aspects of mechanics in regulating fundamental cellular processes, including spreading, migration, growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, our understanding of how these mechanical mechanisms are orchestrated or tuned at different stages to maintain or restore the healthy environment at the tissue or organ level remains largely a mystery. Over the past few decades, research in the mechanical manipulation of the surrounding environment-known as substrate or matrix or scaffold on which, or within which, cells are seeded-has been exceptionally enriched in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To do so, traditional tissue engineering aims at recapitulating key mechanical milestones of native ECM into a substrate for guiding the cell fate and functions towards specific tissue regeneration. Despite tremendous progress, a big puzzle that remains is how the cells compute a host of mechanical cues, such as stiffness (elasticity), viscoelasticity, plasticity, non-linear elasticity, anisotropy, mechanical forces, and mechanical memory, into many biological functions in a cooperative, controlled, and safe manner. High throughput understanding of key cellular decisions as well as associated mechanosensitive downstream signaling pathway(s) for executing these decisions in response to mechanical cues, solo or combined, is essential to address this issue. While many reports have been made towards the progress and understanding of mechanical cues-particularly, substrate bulk stiffness and viscoelasticity-in regulating the cellular responses, a complete picture of mechanical cues is lacking. This review highlights a comprehensive view on the mechanical cues that are linked to modulate many cellular functions and consequent tissue functionality. For a very basic understanding, a brief discussion of the key mechanical players of ECM and the principle of mechanotransduction process is outlined. In addition, this review gathers together the most important data on the stiffness of various cells and ECM components as well as various tissues/organs and proposes an associated link from the mechanical perspective that is not yet reported. Finally, beyond addressing the challenges involved in tuning the interplaying mechanical cues in an independent manner, emerging advances in designing biomaterials for tissue engineering are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamol Dey
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
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47
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Li M, Xi N, Liu L. Peak force tapping atomic force microscopy for advancing cell and molecular biology. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8358-8375. [PMID: 33913463 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides an exciting tool to detect molecular and cellular behaviors under aqueous conditions. AFM is able to not only visualize the surface topography of the specimens, but also can quantify the mechanical properties of the specimens by force spectroscopy assay. Nevertheless, integrating AFM topographic imaging with force spectroscopy assay has long been limited due to the low spatiotemporal resolution. In recent years, the appearance of a new AFM imaging mode called peak force tapping (PFT) has shattered this limit. PFT allows AFM to simultaneously acquire the topography and mechanical properties of biological samples with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. The practical applications of PFT in the field of life sciences in the past decade have demonstrated the excellent capabilities of PFT in characterizing the fine structures and mechanics of living biological systems in their native states, offering novel possibilities to reveal the underlying mechanisms guiding physiological/pathological activities. In this paper, the recent progress in cell and molecular biology that has been made with the utilization of PFT is summarized, and future perspectives for further progression and biomedical applications of PFT are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China and Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China and Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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48
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Intracellular detection and communication of a wireless chip in cell. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5967. [PMID: 33727598 PMCID: PMC7966781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth and development of technology has had significant implications for healthcare, personalized medicine, and our understanding of biology. In this work, we leverage the miniaturization of electronics to realize the first demonstration of wireless detection and communication of an electronic device inside a cell. This is a significant forward step towards a vision of non-invasive, intracellular wireless platforms for single-cell analyses. We demonstrate that a 25 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\upmu $$\end{document}μm wireless radio frequency identification (RFID) device can not only be taken up by a mammalian cell but can also be detected and specifically identified externally while located intracellularly. The S-parameters and power delivery efficiency of the electronic communication system is quantified before and after immersion in a biological environment; the results show distinct electrical responses for different RFID tags, allowing for classification of cells by examining the electrical output noninvasively. This versatile platform can be adapted for realization of a broad modality of sensors and actuators. This work precedes and facilitates the development of long-term intracellular real-time measurement systems for personalized medicine and furthering our understanding of intrinsic biological behaviors. It helps provide an advanced technique to better assess the long-term evolution of cellular physiology as a result of drug and disease stimuli in a way that is not feasible using current methods.
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Shen Y, Yue J, Xu W, Xu S. Recent progress of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for subcellular compartment analysis. Theranostics 2021; 11:4872-4893. [PMID: 33754033 PMCID: PMC7978302 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelles are involved in many cell life activities, and their metabolic or functional disorders are closely related to apoptosis, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and the development and metastasis of cancers. The explorations of subcellular structures, microenvironments, and their abnormal conditions are conducive to a deeper understanding of many pathological mechanisms, which are expected to achieve the early diagnosis and the effective therapy of diseases. Organelles are also the targeted locations of drugs, and they play significant roles in many targeting therapeutic strategies. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical tool that can provide the molecular fingerprint information of subcellular compartments and the real-time cellular dynamics in a non-invasive and non-destructive way. This review aims to summarize the recent advances of SERS studies on subcellular compartments, including five parts. The introductions of SERS and subcellular compartments are given. SERS is promising in subcellular compartment studies due to its molecular specificity and high sensitivity, and both of which highly match the high demands of cellular/subcellular investigations. Intracellular SERS is mainly cataloged as the labeling and label-free methods. For subcellular targeted detections and therapies, how to internalize plasmonic nanoparticles or nanostructure in the target locations is a key point. The subcellular compartment SERS detections, SERS measurements of isolated organelles, investigations of therapeutic mechanisms from subcellular compartments and microenvironments, and integration of SERS diagnosis and treatment are sequentially presented. A perspective view of the subcellular SERS studies is discussed from six aspects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SERS applications in subcellular compartment researches, which will be a useful reference for designing the SERS-involved therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Li M, Xi N, Wang YC, Liu LQ. Atomic force microscopy for revealing micro/nanoscale mechanics in tumor metastasis: from single cells to microenvironmental cues. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:323-339. [PMID: 32807839 PMCID: PMC8027022 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics are intrinsic properties which appears throughout the formation, development, and aging processes of biological systems. Mechanics have been shown to play important roles in regulating the development and metastasis of tumors, and understanding tumor mechanics has emerged as a promising way to reveal the underlying mechanisms guiding tumor behaviors. In particular, tumors are highly complex diseases associated with multifaceted factors, including alterations in cancerous cells, tissues, and organs as well as microenvironmental cues, indicating that investigating tumor mechanics on multiple levels is significantly helpful for comprehensively understanding the effects of mechanics on tumor progression. Recently, diverse techniques have been developed for probing the mechanics of tumors, among which atomic force microscopy (AFM) has appeared as an excellent platform enabling simultaneously characterizing the structures and mechanical properties of living biological systems ranging from individual molecules and cells to tissue samples with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, offering novel possibilities for understanding tumor physics and contributing much to the studies of cancer. In this review, we survey the recent progress that has been achieved with the use of AFM for revealing micro/nanoscale mechanics in tumor development and metastasis. Challenges and future progress are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lian-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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