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Georgiou K, Wang Y, Ma X. Orientation Sensitive SEIRA Sensors Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Near Fields. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10540-10546. [PMID: 39141843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Molecular vibrations that bear information about intrinsic properties of chemical compounds are challenging to detect at submonolayer densities. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy has been proven to be a viable approach to enhance and detect weak vibration signals. Here, we report a SEIRA sensor based on mid-infrared surface plasmon resonances supported by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Due to the 1D nature of SWCNTs, their plasmon modes are highly polarized with the electromagnetic fields spatially confined to nanometer scales. Leveraging these characteristics of SWCNTs, we observe a polarization selective coupling between their surface plasmons and vibrational modes of chemical bonds introduced onto their surfaces. A maximum modulation of ∼15% to the plasmon resonance peak is obtained for a submonolayer chemical group coverage. These findings suggest that SWCNTs may potentially serve as a highly sensitive SEIRA platform for revealing intricate information about molecular compositions and bond orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos Georgiou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yulei Wang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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2
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Rust C, Schill E, Garrity O, Spari M, Li H, Bacher A, Guttmann M, Reich S, Flavel BS. Radial Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes via Dead-End Filtration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207684. [PMID: 36775908 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dead-end filtration is a facile method to globally align single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in large area films with a 2D order parameter, S2D , approaching unity. Uniaxial alignment has been achieved using pristine and hot-embossed membranes but more sophisticated geometries have yet to be investigated. In this work, three different patterns with radial symmetry and an area of 3.8 cm2 are created. Two of these patterns are replicated by the filtered SWCNTs and S2D values of ≈0.85 are obtained. Each of the radially aligned SWCNT films is characterized by scanning cross-polarized microscopy in reflectance and laser imaging in transmittance with linear, radial, and azimuthal polarized light fields. The former is used to define a novel indicator akin to the 2D order parameter using Malu's law, yielding 0.82 for the respective film. The films are then transferred to a flexible printed circuit board and terminal two-probe electrical measurements are conducted to explore the potential of those new alignment geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rust
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elias Schill
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Oisín Garrity
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Spari
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bacher
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Guttmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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3
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Rust C, Shapturenka P, Spari M, Jin Q, Li H, Bacher A, Guttmann M, Zheng M, Adel T, Walker ARH, Fagan JA, Flavel BS. The Impact of Carbon Nanotube Length and Diameter on their Global Alignment by Dead-End Filtration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206774. [PMID: 36549899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dead-end filtration has proven to effectively prepare macroscopically (3.8 cm2 ) aligned thin films from solutionbased single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). However, to make this technique broadly applicable, the role of SWCNT length and diameter must be understood. To date, most groups report the alignment of unsorted, large diameter (≈1.4 nm) SWCNTs, but systematic studies on their small diameter are rare (≈0.78 nm). In this work, films with an area of A = 3.81 cm2 and a thickness of ≈40 nm are prepared from length-sorted fractions comprising of small and large diameter SWCNTs, respectively. The alignment is characterized by cross-polarized microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, absorption and Raman spectroscopy. For the longest fractions (Lavg = 952 nm ± 431 nm, Δ = 1.58 and Lavg = 667 nm ± 246 nm, Δ = 1.55), the 2D order parameter, S2D, values of ≈0.6 and ≈0.76 are reported for the small and large diameter SWCNTs over an area of A = 625 µm2 , respectively. A comparison of Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory calculations with the aligned domain size is then used to propose a law identifying the required length of a carbon nanotube with a given diameter and zeta potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rust
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Pavel Shapturenka
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Manuel Spari
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Qihao Jin
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bacher
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Guttmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Tehseen Adel
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Angela R Hight Walker
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Fagan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Zhang J, Yang L, Xu H, Zhou J, Sang Y, Cui Z, Liu C, Liu J, Guo T, Wang X, Wang L, Chen G, Chen X. Dip-Coating Self-Assembly Fabrication and Polarization Sensitive Photoresponse of Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Film. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:490. [PMID: 35062451 PMCID: PMC8779663 DOI: 10.3390/s22020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to obtain wafer-scaled aligned films for completely exploiting the promising properties of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs). Aligned s-SWCNTs with a large area can be obtained by combining water evaporation and slow withdrawal-induced self-assembly in a dip-coating process. Moreover, the tunability of deposition morphology parameters such as stripe width and spacing is examined. The polarized Raman results show that s-SWCNTs can be aligned in ±8.6°. The derived two terminal photodetector shows both a high negative responsivity of 41 A/W at 520 nm and high polarization sensitivity. Our results indicate that aligned films with a large area may be useful to electronics- and optoelectronics-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Huang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- Mathematics and Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuxiang Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianle Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.C.); (C.L.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (X.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Kolegov K, Barash L. Applying droplets and films in evaporative lithography. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 285:102271. [PMID: 33010576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review covers experimental results of evaporative lithography and analyzes existing mathematical models of this method. Evaporating droplets and films are used in different fields, such as cooling of heated surfaces of electronic devices, diagnostics in health care, creation of transparent conductive coatings on flexible substrates, and surface patterning. A method called evaporative lithography emerged after the connection between the coffee ring effect taking place in drying colloidal droplets and naturally occurring inhomogeneous vapor flux densities from liquid-vapor interfaces was established. Essential control of the colloidal particle deposit patterns is achieved in this method by producing ambient conditions that induce a nonuniform evaporation profile from the colloidal liquid surface. Evaporative lithography is part of a wider field known as "evaporative-induced self-assembly" (EISA). EISA involves methods based on contact line processes, methods employing particle interaction effects, and evaporative lithography. As a rule, evaporative lithography is a flexible and single-stage process with such advantages as simplicity, low price, and the possibility of application to almost any substrate without pretreatment. Since there is no mechanical impact on the template in evaporative lithography, the template integrity is preserved in the process. The method is also useful for creating materials with localized functions, such as slipperiness and self-healing. For these reasons, evaporative lithography attracts increasing attention and has a number of noticeable achievements at present. We also analyze limitations of the approach and ways of its further development.
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6
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Li H, Zhao L, Zhu W, Qu X, Wang C, Liu R, Fan Y, Li Z. Fabrication of Concentric Carbon Nanotube Rings and Their Application on Regulating Cell Growth. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16209-16216. [PMID: 31592164 PMCID: PMC6777072 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The carbon nanotube (CNT) pattern plays an important role in various electronic devices and biological fields for its superior conductivity and biocompatibility. Herein, we fabricated regularly arranged concentric multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) rings in a Petri dish by evaporation-driven self-assembly technology. By adjusting the dispersion ratio, heating temperature, and solution volume, various MWCNT rings with different shapes and morphologies were obtained. The variation law of ring radius, formation range, and ring numbers was processed with statistical analysis. With fine adjustment of parameters, the control of desired MWCNT rings can be achieved for further scientific researches. By culturing L929 cells with these rings, oriented cell growth along the rings was achieved, which is of significance for cell regulation, tissue repairing, and related biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Beijing
Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory
for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry,
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Luming Zhao
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro−Nano
Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weibo Zhu
- School
of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Xuecheng Qu
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro−Nano
Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chan Wang
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro−Nano
Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruping Liu
- School
of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing
Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory
for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry,
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- National
Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, China
- E-mail: (Y.F.)
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro−Nano
Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College
of Nanoscience and Technology, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- E-mail: (Z.L.)
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7
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Bae J, Lee J, Zhou Q, Kim T. Micro-/Nanofluidics for Liquid-Mediated Patterning of Hybrid-Scale Material Structures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804953. [PMID: 30600554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Various materials are fabricated to form specific structures/patterns at the micro-/nanoscale, which exhibit additional functions and performance. Recent liquid-mediated fabrication methods utilizing bottom-up approaches benefit from micro-/nanofluidic technologies that provide a high controllability for manipulating fluids containing various solutes, suspensions, and building blocks at the microscale and/or nanoscale. Here, the state-of-the-art micro-/nanofluidic approaches are discussed, which facilitate the liquid-mediated patterning of various hybrid-scale material structures, thereby showing many additional advantages in cost, labor, resolution, and throughput. Such systems are categorized here according to three representative forms defined by the degree of the free-fluid-fluid interface: free, semiconfined, and fully confined forms. The micro-/nanofluidic methods for each form are discussed, followed by recent examples of their applications. To close, the remaining issues and potential applications are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeol Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Qitao Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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8
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Jinkins KR, Chan J, Brady GJ, Gronski KK, Gopalan P, Evensen HT, Berson A, Arnold MS. Nanotube Alignment Mechanism in Floating Evaporative Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13407-13414. [PMID: 29058446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of assembling semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) into densely packed, aligned arrays has limited the scalability and practicality of high-performance nanotube-based electronics technologies. The aligned deposition of s-SWCNTs via floating evaporative self-assembly (FESA) has promise for overcoming this challenge; however, the mechanisms behind FESA need to be elucidated before the technique can be improved and scaled. Here, we gain a deeper understanding of the FESA process by studying a stationary analogue of FESA and optically tracking the dynamics of the organic ink/water/substrate and ink/air/substrate interfaces during the typical FESA process. We observe that the ink/water interface serves to collect and confine the s-SWCNTs before alignment and that the deposition of aligned bands of s-SWCNTs occurs at the ink/water/substrate contact line during the depinning of both the ink/air/substrate and ink/water/substrate contact lines. We also demonstrate improved control over the interband spacing, bandwidth, and packing density of FESA-aligned s-SWCNT arrays. The substrate lift rate (5-15 mm min-1) is used to tailor the interband spacing from 90 to 280 μm while maintaining a constant aligned s-SWCNT bandwidth of 50 μm. Varying the s-SWCNT ink concentration (0.75-10 μg mL-1) allows the control of the bandwidth from 2.5 to 45 μm. A steep increase in packing density is observed from 11 s-SWCNTs μm-1 at 0.75 μg mL-1 to 20 s-SWCNTs μm-1 at 2 μg mL-1, with a saturated packing density of ∼24 s-SWCNTs μm-1. We also demonstrate the scaling of FESA to align s-SWCNTs on a 2.5 × 2.5 cm2 scale while preserving high-quality alignment on the nanometer scale. These findings help realize the scalable fabrication of well-aligned s-SWCNT arrays to serve as large-area platforms for next-generation semiconductor electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Jinkins
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jason Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1513 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gerald J Brady
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | - Arganthaël Berson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1513 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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9
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Mae K, Toyama H, Nawa-Okita E, Yamamoto D, Chen YJ, Yoshikawa K, Toshimitsu F, Nakashima N, Matsuda K, Shioi A. Self-Organized Micro-Spiral of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5267. [PMID: 28706232 PMCID: PMC5509688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are reported to spontaneously align in a rotational pattern by drying a liquid droplet of toluene containing polyfluorene as a dispersant. By situating a droplet of an SWCNT solution around a glass bead, spiral patterns are generated. The parallel alignment of SWCNTs along one stripe of such a pattern is confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and polarized optical microscopy. The orientation order increases toward the outer edge of a stripe. The stripe width in the pattern is proportional to the solute concentration, and the width and position of the stripes follow geometric sequences. The growth of the rotational pattern is also observed in real time. The process of spiral pattern formation is visualized, indicating the role of the annihilation of counter-traveling accompanied by continuous depinning. The geometric sequences for the stripe width and position are explained by the near-constant traveling speed and solute enrichment at the droplet periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mae
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Toyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Erika Nawa-Okita
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Daigo Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Toshimitsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Nakashima
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Matsuda
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akihisa Shioi
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan.
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Park JH, Kim JS, Choi YJ, Lee WH, Lee DY, Cho JH. Gate- and Light-Tunable pn Heterojunction Microwire Arrays Fabricated via Evaporative Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:3857-3864. [PMID: 28032754 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) nano/microwires have attracted considerable attention as versatile building blocks for use in diverse electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic device applications. The large-area assembly of nano/microwires at desired positions presents a significant challenge for developing high-density electronic devices. Here, we demonstrated the fabrication of cross-stacked pn heterojunction diode arrays by integrating well-aligned inorganic and organic microwires fabricated via evaporative assembly. We utilized solution-processed n-type inorganic indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) microwires and p-type organic 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-PEN) microwires. The formation of organic TIPS-PEN semiconductor microwire and their electrical properties were optimized by controlling both the amounts of added insulating polymer and the widths of the microwires. The resulting cross-stacked IGZO/TIPS-PEN microwire pn heterojunction devices exhibited rectifying behavior with a forward-to-reverse bias current ratio exceeding 102. The ultrathin nature of the underlying n-type IGZO microwires yielded gate tunability in the charge transport behaviors, ranging from insulating to rectifying. The rectifying behaviors of the heterojunction devices could be modulated by controlling the optical power of the irradiated light. The fabrication of semiconducting microwires through evaporative assembly provides a facile and reliable approach to patterning or positioning 1D microwires for the fabrication of future flexible large-area electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, 41566, Korea
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11
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Li H, Ouyang H, Yu M, Wu N, Wang X, Jiang W, Liu Z, Tian J, Jin Y, Feng H, Fan Y, Li Z. Thermo-Driven Evaporation Self-Assembly and Dynamic Analysis of Homocentric Carbon Nanotube Rings. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13. [PMID: 27925434 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
MWCNTs self-assemble into various homocentric rings in a thermo-driven self-assembly system. Closely packed and scatteredly packed MWCNT rings self-assemble on a Si-SiO2 substrate, whereas on a Au substrate smoothly packed MWCNT rings, rings with waviness, and rings with shuttle-like holes are seen to self-assemble. The dynamic self-assembly process includes convection flow and swirling flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Han Ouyang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Jin
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hongqin Feng
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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12
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Ghane-Motlagh B, Javanbakht T, Shoghi F, Wilkinson KJ, Martel R, Sawan M. Physicochemical properties of peptide-coated microelectrode arrays and their in vitro effects on neuroblast cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:642-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Zhang S, Luan W, Zhong Q, Yin S, Yang F. Evaporation-induced self-assembly of quantum dots-based concentric rings on polymer-based nanocomposite films. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8285-8296. [PMID: 27714345 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01417h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The "ball-on-film" template is used to construct concentric rings on the surface of PMMA-QDs (polymethyl methacrylate - quantum dots) nanocomposite films via the evaporation of pure chloroform droplets, which are confined by a steel ball. The concentric rings consist of QDs, as revealed by the fluorescence images of the concentric rings. The photoluminescence intensity of the concentric rings increases with the increase of the distance to the ball center, suggesting that the amount of QDs accumulated around the contact line at individual stick state increases with the increase of the distance to the ball center. Both the wavelength and cross-sectional area (width) of the concentric rings increase approximately linearly with increasing distance to the ball center, independent of the ball size, the film thickness and the QDs concentration. For the PMMA-QDs nanocomposite films prepared from the same QDs concentration in chloroform, the thicker the PMMA-QDs nanocomposite film, the larger the wavelength for the same distance to the ball center. The effect of confinement of two steel balls on the surface patterns over the PMMA-QDs nanocomposite films is studied via a template of "two spheres on film". Symmetric surface patterns are formed. There exist two types of featureless zone between the two balls, depending on the distance between the two balls: one is the inner featureless zone and the other is the outer featureless zone. The size of both featureless zones increases with the increase of the ball distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety (MOE), School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Weiling Luan
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety (MOE), School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety (MOE), School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Shaofeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety (MOE), School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Fuqian Yang
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40513, USA.
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Park JH, Sun Q, Choi Y, Lee S, Lee DY, Kim YH, Cho JH. Wafer-Scale Microwire Transistor Array Fabricated via Evaporative Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:15543-50. [PMID: 27228025 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) nano/microwires have attracted significant attention as promising building blocks for various electronic and optical device applications. The integration of these elements into functional device networks with controlled alignment and density presents a significant challenge for practical device applications. Here, we demonstrated the fabrication of wafer-scale microwire field-effect transistor (FET) arrays based on well-aligned inorganic semiconductor microwires (indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO)) and organic polymeric insulator microwires fabricated via a simple and large-area evaporative assembly technique. This microwire fabrication method offers a facile approach to precisely manipulating the channel dimensions of the FETs. The resulting solution-processed monolithic IGZO microwire FETs exhibited a maximum electron mobility of 1.02 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and an on/off current ratio of 1 × 10(6). The appropriate choice of the polymeric microwires used to define the channel lengths enabled fine control over the threshold voltages of the devices, which were employed to fabricate high-performance depletion-load inverters. Low-voltage-operated microwire FETs were successfully fabricated on a plastic substrate using a high-capacitance ion gel gate dielectric. The microwire fabrication technique involving evaporative assembly provided a facile, effective, and reliable method for preparing flexible large-area electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qijun Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NCNST) , Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Korea
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Srikantharajah R, Gerstner K, Romeis S, Peukert W. Polarized Raman scattering and SEM combined full characterization of self-assembled nematic thin films. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7672-7682. [PMID: 26991247 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Elongated particles are predestined for a fast transfer of optical and electronical signals in a preferred direction, which is mandatory for a quick response in optoelectronic devices. The performance of the material is based on the quality of defect less alignment of the particles. On this account we present an easy non-invasive methodology for characterization of both surface and bulk order. The characterization of bulk order is performed by orientation dependent variation of the polarized Raman scattering signal on large areas by mapping. Scanning electron microscopy and image analysis on the surface complete the characterization. New insights in dip coated nematic structures clearly show the interplay of evaporation induced and shear-induced self-assembly and reveal a comprehensive mechanistic picture for nanorod assembly: the shear force dominated regime orients the particle in direction of withdrawal. At low withdrawal velocity, however, shear forces and evaporation counteract to produce a three-layered film where the top and bottom layers are oriented perpendicular to each other. The middle layer gives a clear evidence for a reorientation by convective flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srikantharajah
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - K Gerstner
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - S Romeis
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - W Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Li X, Xue Y, Lv P, Lin H, Du F, Hu Y, Shen J, Duan H. Liquid plasticine: controlled deformation and recovery of droplets with interfacial nanoparticle jamming. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:1655-1662. [PMID: 26742837 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Air-exposed droplet systems are widely applied in material preparation and experimental design. Recently, a droplet system with unusual properties featured by a liquid-like appearance and solid-like deformability was produced. However, it was then just an interesting and perplexing phenomenon in the absence of basic understandings and clear perspectives for applications. Here we reveal that stable droplet deformation is attributed to monolayer nanoparticle jamming at the water/vapor interface, and that the normal shape can be recovered by jamming relieving. The degree of jamming affects the droplet shape and transparency and can be tuned by the squeezing force and droplet volume. Using these properties and control methods, we develop the deformed droplet into "liquid plasticine" with predesigned shapes, super-high transparency, and arbitrarily large volume. We demonstrate that liquid plasticine could be used as liquid lenses, channel-like containers, and miniature reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Li X, Wang C, Shao J, Ding Y, Tian H, Li X, Wang L. Periodic parallel array of nanopillars and nanoholes resulting from colloidal stripes patterned by geometrically confined evaporative self-assembly for unique anisotropic wetting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:20300-20308. [PMID: 25353399 DOI: 10.1021/am505835z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present an economical process to create anisotropic microtextures based on periodic parallel stripes of monolayer silica nanoparticles (NPs) patterned by geometrically confined evaporative self-assembly (GCESA). In the GCESA process, a straight meniscus of a colloidal dispersion is initially formed in an opened enclosure, which is composed of two parallel plates bounded by a U-shaped spacer sidewall on three sides with an evaporating outlet on the fourth side. Lateral evaporation of the colloidal dispersion leads to periodic "stick-slip" receding of the meniscus (evaporative front), as triggered by the "coffee-ring" effect, promoting the assembly of silica NPs into periodic parallel stripes. The morphology of stripes can be well controlled by tailoring process variables such as substrate wettability, NP concentration, temperature, and gap height, etc. Furthermore, arrayed patterns of nanopillars or nanoholes are generated on a silicon wafer using the as-prepared colloidal stripes as an etching mask or template. Such arrayed patterns can reveal unique anisotropic wetting properties, which have a large contact angle hysteresis viewing from both the parallel and perpendicular directions in addition to a large wetting anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmeng Li
- Micro- and Nanotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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