1
|
Glück N, Hill NS, Giza M, Hutter E, Grill I, Schlipf J, Bach U, Müller-Buschbaum P, Hartschuh A, Bein T, Savenije T, Docampo P. The balancing act between high electronic and low ionic transport influenced by perovskite grain boundaries. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2024; 12:11635-11643. [PMID: 38751728 PMCID: PMC11093097 DOI: 10.1039/d3ta04458k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A better understanding of the materials' fundamental physical processes is necessary to push hybrid perovskite photovoltaic devices towards their theoretical limits. The role of the perovskite grain boundaries is essential to optimise the system thoroughly. The influence of the perovskite grain size and crystal orientation on physical properties and their resulting photovoltaic performance is examined. We develop a novel, straightforward synthesis approach that yields crystals of a similar size but allows the tuning of their orientation to either the (200) or (002) facet alignment parallel to the substrate by manipulating dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and tetrahydrothiophene-1-oxide (THTO) ratios. This decouples crystal orientation from grain size, allowing the study of charge carrier mobility, found to be improved with larger grain sizes, highlighting the importance of minimising crystal disorder to achieve efficient devices. However, devices incorporating crystals with the (200) facet exhibit an s-shape in the current density-voltage curve when standard scan rates are used, which typically signals an energetic interfacial barrier. Using the drift-diffusion simulations, we attribute this to slower-moving ions (mobility of 0.37 × 10-10 cm2 V-1 s-1) in combination with a lower density of mobile ions. This counterintuitive result highlights that reducing ion migration does not necessarily minimise hysteresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Glück
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Nathan S Hill
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University Herschel Building Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Marcin Giza
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Pl Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Eline Hutter
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft The Netherlands
| | - Irene Grill
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Johannes Schlipf
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Udo Bach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Achim Hartschuh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Tom Savenije
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Docampo
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Pl Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li M, Liu M, Qi F, Lin FR, Jen AKY. Self-Assembled Monolayers for Interfacial Engineering in Solution-Processed Thin-Film Electronic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2138-2204. [PMID: 38421811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial engineering has long been a vital means of improving thin-film device performance, especially for organic electronics, perovskites, and hybrid devices. It greatly facilitates the fabrication and performance of solution-processed thin-film devices, including organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, due to the limitation of traditional interfacial materials, further progress of these thin-film devices is hampered particularly in terms of stability, flexibility, and sensitivity. The deadlock has gradually been broken through the development of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which possess distinct benefits in transparency, diversity, stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and surface passivation ability. In this review, we first showed the evolution of SAMs, elucidating their working mechanisms and structure-property relationships by assessing a wide range of SAM materials reported to date. A comprehensive comparison of various SAM growth, fabrication, and characterization methods was presented to help readers interested in applying SAM to their works. Moreover, the recent progress of the SAM design and applications in mainstream thin-film electronic devices, including OFETs, OSCs, PVSCs and OLEDs, was summarized. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the major challenges for the further development of SAMs used in thin-film devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Puerto Galvis CE, González Ruiz DA, Martínez-Ferrero E, Palomares E. Challenges in the design and synthesis of self-assembling molecules as selective contacts in perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1534-1556. [PMID: 38303950 PMCID: PMC10829004 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04668k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling molecules (SAMs), as selective contacts, play an important role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), determining the performance and stability of these photovoltaic devices. These materials offer many advantages over other traditional materials used as hole-selective contacts, as they can be easily deposited on a large area of metal oxides, can modify the work function of these substrates, and reduce optical and electric losses with low material consumption. However, the most interesting thing about SAMs is that by modifying the chemical structure of the small molecules used, the energy levels, molecular dipoles, and surface properties of this assembled monolayer can be modulated to fine-tune the desired interactions between the substrate and the active layer. Due to the important role of organic chemistry in the field of photovoltaics, in this review, we will cover the current challenges for the design and synthesis of SAMs PSCs. Discussing, the structural features that define a SAM, (ii) disclosing how commercial molecules inspired the synthesis of new SAMs; and (iii) detailing the pros- and cons- of the reported synthetic protocols that have been employed for the synthesis of molecules for SAMs, helping synthetic chemists to develop novel structures and promoting the fast industrialization of PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Puerto Galvis
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
| | - Dora A González Ruiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica., Universitat Rovira i Virgili Avda. Països Catalans, 26 Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23 Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alexander A, Kamalon VP, Dev VV, Raees A M, Reghunathan S, Nair PR, Namboothiry MAG. Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells through Defect Passivation and Controlled Crystal Growth Using Allantoin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58406-58415. [PMID: 38079513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a robust approach that concurrently manages crystal growth and defect passivation within the perovskite layer through the introduction of a small molecule additive─allantoin. The precise regulation of crystal growth in the presence of allantoin yields perovskite films characterized by enhanced morphology, larger grain size, and improved grain orientation. Notably, the carbonyl and amino groups present in allantoin passivate under-coordinated Pb2+ and I- defects, respectively, through molecular interactions. Trap density in the perovskite layer is measured, and it is 0.39 × 1016 cm-3 for the allantoin-incorporated device and 0.83 × 1016 cm-3 for the pristine device. This reduction in defects leads to reduced trap-assisted nonradiative recombination, as confirmed by the photoluminescence, transient photo voltage, and impedance measurements. As a result, when these allantoin-incorporated perovskite films are implemented as the active layer in solar cells, a noteworthy efficiency enhancement to 20.63% is attained, surpassing the 18.04% of their pristine counterparts. Furthermore, devices with allantoin exhibit remarkable operational stability, maintaining 80% of their efficiency even after 500 h of continuous illumination, whereas the pristine device degraded to 65% of its initial efficiency in 400 h. Also, allantoin-incorporated devices exhibited exceptional stability against high humidity and elevated temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Alexander
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 551, Kerala, India
| | - Vishnupriya P Kamalon
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 551, Kerala, India
| | - Vivek V Dev
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 551, Kerala, India
| | - Muhammed Raees A
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 551, Kerala, India
| | - Sidharth Reghunathan
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 551, Kerala, India
| | - Pradeep R Nair
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Manoj A G Namboothiry
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 551, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu L, Liu R, Wan Z, Cao W, Dong C, Wang Y, Chen C, Chen J, Naveed F, Kuang J, Lei L, Cheng L, Wang M. Parallel Planar Heterojunction Strategy Enables Sb 2 S 3 Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 8 . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312951. [PMID: 37904667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed solar cells based on inorganic heterojunctions provide a potential approach to the efficient, stable and low-cost solar cells required for the terrestrial generation of photovoltaic energy. Antimony trisulfide (Sb2 S3 ) is a promising photovoltaic absorber. Here, an easily solution-processed parallel planar heterojunction (PPHJ) strategy and related principle are developed to prepare efficient multiple planar heterojunction (PHJ) solar cells, and the PPHJ strategy boosts the efficiency of solution-processed Sb2 S3 solar cells up to 8.32 % that is the highest amongst Sb2 S3 devices. The Sb2 S3 -based PPHJ device consists of two kinds of conventional planar heterojunction (PHJ) subcells in a parallel connection: Sb2 S3 -based PHJ subcells dominating the absorption and charge generation and CH3 NH3 PbI3 -based PHJ subcells governing the electron transport towards collection electrode, but it belongs to an Sb2 S3 device in nature. The resulting PPHJ device combines together the distinctive structural features of Sb2 S3 absorbing layer as a main absorber and the duplexity of well-crystallized/oriented CH3 NH3 PbI3 layer in charge transportation as an additional absorber, while the presence of perovskite does not affect device stability. The PPHJ strategy maintains the facile preparation by the conventional sequential depositions of multiple layers, but eliminates the normal complexity in both tandem and parallel tandem PHJ systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangxin Zhu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Wan
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chao Dong
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chong Chen
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Chen
- School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Faisal Naveed
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiajin Kuang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Longhui Lei
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Liquan Cheng
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Mingtai Wang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Feng Q, Li S, Nan G. Role of Dipolar Organic Cations on Light-triggered Charge Transfer at TiO 2 /CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Interfaces. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300376. [PMID: 37584533 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The TiO2 /MAPbI3 (MA=CH3 NH3 ) interfaces have manifested correlation with current-voltage hysteresis in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under light illumination conditions, but the relations between the photo-induced charge transfer and the collective polarization response of the dipolar MA cations are largely unexplored. In this work, we adopt density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT approach to study the light-triggered charge transfer across the TiO2 /MAPbI3 interfaces with MAI- and PbI-exposed terminations. It is found that regardless of the surface exposure of the MAPbI3 , the photo-induced charge transfer varies when going from the ground-state geometries to the excited-state configurations. Besides, thanks to the electrostatic interactions between the ends of MA cations and the photogenerated electrons, the photo-induced charge transfer across the interfaces is enhanced (weakened) by the negatively (positively) charged CH3 (NH3 ) moieties of the MA species. Resultantly, the positively charged iodine vacancies at the TiO2 /MAPbI3 interfaces tend to inhibit the charge transfer induced by light. Combining with the energy level alignment which is significantly modulated by the orientation of the MA species at the interfaces, the dipolar MA cations might be a double-edge sword for the hysteresis in PSCs with the TiO2 /MAPbI3 interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Qingjie Feng
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Institute of Photoelectronics & Zhejiang Institute for Advanced Light Source, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Nan
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Institute of Photoelectronics & Zhejiang Institute for Advanced Light Source, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Zhou Y, Chen M, Wang D, Chao L, Lv Y, Zhang H, Xia Y, Li M, Hu Z, Chen Y. Novel Bilayer SnO 2 Electron Transport Layers with Atomic Layer Deposition for High-Performance α-FAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303254. [PMID: 37226363 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) have achieved remarkable photovoltaic efficiency. However, the commercial SnO2 ETLs show various shortcomings. The SnO2 precursor is prone to agglomeration, resulting in poor morphology with numerous interface defects. Additionally, the open circuit voltage (Voc ) would be constrained by the energy level mismatch between the SnO2 and the perovskite. And, few studies designed SnO2 -based ETLs to promote crystal growth of PbI2 , a crucial prerequisite for obtaining high-quality perovskite films via the two-step method. Herein, we proposed a novel bilayer SnO2 structure that combined the atomic layer deposition (ALD) and sol-gel solution to well address the aforementioned issues. Due to the unique conformal effect of ALD-SnO2 , it can effectively modulate the roughness of FTO substrate, enhance the quality of ETL, and induce the growth of PbI2 crystal phase to develop the crystallinity of perovskite layer. Furthermore, a created built-in field of the bilayer SnO2 can help to overcome the electron accumulation at the ETL/perovskite interface, leading to a higher Voc and fill factor. Consequently, the efficiency of PSCs with ionic liquid solvent increases from 22.09% to 23.86%, maintaining 85% initial efficiency in a 20% humidity N2 environment for 1300 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuecong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Muyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Dianxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lingfeng Chao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yingdong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Zhelu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hill NS, Cowley MV, Gluck N, Fsadni MH, Clarke W, Hu Y, Wolf MJ, Healy N, Freitag M, Penfold TJ, Richardson G, Walker AB, Cameron PJ, Docampo P. Ionic Accumulation as a Diagnostic Tool in Perovskite Solar Cells: Characterizing Band Alignment with Rapid Voltage Pulses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302146. [PMID: 37145114 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite record-breaking devices, interfaces in perovskite solar cells are still poorly understood, inhibiting further progress. Their mixed ionic-electronic nature results in compositional variations at the interfaces, depending on the history of externally applied biases. This makes it difficult to measure the band energy alignment of charge extraction layers accurately. As a result, the field often resorts to a trial-and-error process to optimize these interfaces. Current approaches are typically carried out in a vacuum and on incomplete cells, hence values may not reflect those found in working devices. To address this, a pulsed measurement technique characterizing the electrostatic potential energy drop across the perovskite layer in a functioning device is developed. This method reconstructs the current-voltage (JV) curve for a range of stabilization biases, holding the ion distribution "static" during subsequent rapid voltage pulses. Two different regimes are observed: at low biases, the reconstructed JV curve is "s-shaped", whereas, at high biases, typical diode-shaped curves are returned. Using drift-diffusion simulations, it is demonstrated that the intersection of the two regimes reflects the band offsets at the interfaces. This approach effectively allows measurements of interfacial energy level alignment in a complete device under illumination and without the need for expensive vacuum equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Hill
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Matthew V Cowley
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Nadja Gluck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 20 Research Way (Building 82), Monash University Clayton Campus, Monash, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Miriam H Fsadni
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Will Clarke
- Mathematical Sciences University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yinghong Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Matthew J Wolf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Noel Healy
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Marina Freitag
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Giles Richardson
- Mathematical Sciences University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Alison B Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Petra J Cameron
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Pablo Docampo
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University P1, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen M, Tang Y, Qin R, Su Z, Yang F, Qin C, Yang J, Tang X, Li M, Liu H. Perylene Monoimide Phosphorus Salt Interfacial Modified Crystallization for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5556-5565. [PMID: 36689684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the interfacial defects of perovskite films is key to improving the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, two kinds of perylene monoimide (PMI) derivative phosphonium bromide salts were designed and used as a multifunctional interface-modified layer in PSCs. These two molecules are inserted between SnO2 and perovskite to produce a bidirectional passivation effect. The interaction with SnO2 reduces the oxygen vacancy on the surface of SnO2 and tunes the energy level of the electron transport layer, making more matches with the perovskite layer. The modified layer can promote the growth of perovskite crystals and reduce the interfacial defects of the perovskite film. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs increased from 19.49 to 22.85%, and the open-circuit voltage (VOC) increased from 1.06 to 1.14 V. At the same time, the PCE of the SnO2/PMI-TPP-based device remained 88% of the initial PCE after 240 h of continuous illumination. In addition, these two PMI derivatives with a quasi-planar structure can improve the flexibility of flexible PSCs. This study provided a new strategy for the interfacial modification of PSCs and a new insight into the application of flexible PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ying Tang
- School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ruiping Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chaochao Qin
- School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jien Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaodan Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hairui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun X, Li L, Shen S, Wang F. TiO 2/SnO 2 Bilayer Electron Transport Layer for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:249. [PMID: 36678002 PMCID: PMC9862634 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The electron transport layer (ETL) has been extensively investigated as one of the important components to construct high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among them, inorganic semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), and tin oxide (SnO2) present great advantages in both fabrication and efficiency. However, the surface defects and uniformity are still concerns for high performance devices. Here, we demonstrated a bilayer ETL architecture PSC in which the ETL is composed of a chemical-bath-deposition-based TiO2 thin layer and a spin-coating-based SnO2 thin layer. Such a bilayer-structure ETL can not only produce a larger grain size of PSCs, but also provide a higher current density and a reduced hysteresis. Compared to the mono-ETL PCSs with a low efficiency of 16.16%, the bilayer ETL device features a higher efficiency of 17.64%, accomplished with an open-circuit voltage of 1.041 V, short-circuit current density of 22.58 mA/cm2, and a filling factor of 75.0%, respectively. These results highlight the unique potential of TiO2/SnO2 combined bilayer ETL architecture, paving a new way to fabricate high-performance and low-hysteresis PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Sun
- School of Aeronautical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- School of Aeronautical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing 211100, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shu H, Peng C, Chen Q, Huang Z, Deng C, Luo W, Li H, Zhang W, Zhang W, Huang Y. Strategy of Enhancing Built-in Field to Promote the Application of C-TiO 2 /SnO 2 Bilayer Electron Transport Layer in High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells (24.3%). SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204446. [PMID: 36166716 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Combining two kinds of electron transport layer (ETL) which have complementary advantages into a bilayer structure to form a bilayer ETL is an effective way to transcend inherent limitations of single-layer ETL, which is very helpful in the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a strategy is proposed to break constraints on the application of the staggered bilayer ETL in high-efficiency PSC, namely utilizing a built-in field to overcome the dilemma in ECBM making it possible to improve VOC and FF simultaneously by tuning the Fermi level of ETLs properly. According to the strategy, a bilayer ETL structure comprised of C-TiO2 and SnO2 layer and corresponding Li-doping process are developed, and the characterization results confirm the effectiveness of the strategy, making the potentials of the C-TiO2 (Li)/SnO2 bilayer ETL fully released for its application in high-efficiency PSCs: a VOC of 1.201 V for an ordinary triple-cation-perovskite-based PSC and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 24.3% for a low-bandgap-perovskite-based PSC with high haze FTO superstrate are successfully achieved, indicating that the C-TiO2 (Li)/SnO2 bilayer ETL is a successful application paradigm of the proposed strategy and very promising in the application of high-efficiency PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shu
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Changtao Peng
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Zhangfeng Huang
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Chen Deng
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Haijin Li
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Yuelong Huang
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao Y, Liu J, Isikgor FH, Wang M, Khan JI, De Wolf S, Laquai F. Probing Ultrafast Interfacial Carrier Dynamics in Metal Halide Perovskite Films and Devices by Transient Reflection Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34281-34290. [PMID: 35559656 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces in metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells cause carrier recombination and thereby reduce their power conversion efficiency. Here, ultrafast (picosecond to nanosecond) transient reflection (TR) spectroscopy has been used to probe interfacial carrier dynamics in thin films of the reference MHP MAPbI3 and state-of-the-art (Cs0.15MA0.15FA0.70)Pb(Br0.20I0.80)3 (CsFAMA). First, MAPbI3 films in contact with fullerene-based charge extraction layers (CTLs) in the presence and absence of LiF used as an interlayer (ITL) were studied. To quantify and discriminate between interface-induced and bulk carrier recombination, we employed a one-dimensional diffusion and recombination model. The interface-induced carrier recombination velocity was found to be 1229 ± 78 cm s-1 in nonpassivated MAPbI3 films, which was increased to 2248 ± 75 cm s-1 when MAPbI3 interfaced directly with C60, whereas it was reduced to 145 ± 63 cm s-1 when inserting a 1 nm thin LiF interlayer between MAPbI3 and C60, in turn improving the open-circuit voltage of devices by 33 mV. Second, the effect of surface and grain boundary passivation by PhenHCl in CsFAMA was revealed. Here, the recombination velocity decreased from 605 ± 52 to 0.16 ± 5.28 and 7.294 ± 34.5 cm s-1, respectively. The approach and data analysis presented here are immediately applicable to other perovskite/interlayer/CTL interfaces and passivation protocols, and they add to our understanding of the impact of surfaces and interfaces in MHP-based thin films on carrier recombination and device efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Gao
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiang Liu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Furkan H Isikgor
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mingcong Wang
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jafar I Khan
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deng X, Qi F, Li F, Wu S, Lin FR, Zhang Z, Guan Z, Yang Z, Lee C, Jen AK. Co‐assembled Monolayers as Hole‐Selective Contact for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Optimized Recombination Loss and Long‐Term Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203088. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Fengzhu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Shengfan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Francis R. Lin
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Zhuomin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Zhengbao Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Chun‐Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Alex K.‐Y. Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have captured the attention of the global energy research community in recent years by showing an exponential augmentation in their performance and stability. The supremacy of the light-harvesting efficiency and wider band gap of perovskite sensitizers have led to these devices being compared with the most outstanding rival silicon-based solar cells. Nevertheless, there are some issues such as their poor lifetime stability, considerable J–V hysteresis, and the toxicity of the conventional constituent materials which restrict their prevalence in the marketplace. The poor stability of PSCs with regard to humidity, UV radiation, oxygen and heat especially limits their industrial application. This review focuses on the in-depth studies of different direct and indirect parameters of PSC device instability. The mechanism for device degradation for several parameters and the complementary materials showing promising results are systematically analyzed. The main objective of this work is to review the effectual strategies of enhancing the stability of PSCs. Several important factors such as material engineering, novel device structure design, hole-transporting materials (HTMs), electron-transporting materials (ETMs), electrode materials preparation, and encapsulation methods that need to be taken care of in order to improve the stability of PSCs are discussed extensively. Conclusively, this review discusses some opportunities for the commercialization of PSCs with high efficiency and stability.
Collapse
|
15
|
Joshi H, Shankar A, Limbu N, Ram M, Laref A, Patra PK, Ismailova OB, Zuala L, Chatterjee S, Rai DP. Pressure-Induced Enhanced Optical Absorption in Sulvanite Compound Cu 3TaX 4 (X = S, Se, and Te): An ab Initio Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19070-19079. [PMID: 35722007 PMCID: PMC9202285 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio study on the family of ternary copper chalcogenides Cu3TaX4 (X = S, Se, and Te) is performed to investigate the suitability of these compounds to applications as photovoltaic absorber materials. The density functional theory based full potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW method) is employed for computational purposes. The electronic structure and optical properties are determined including electron-electron interaction and spin-orbit coupling (SOC), within the generalized gradient approximation plus Hubbard U (GGA+U) and GGA+U+SOC approximation. The large optical band gaps of Cu3TaS4 and Cu3TaSe4 considered ineffective for absorber materials, and also the hole effective mass has been modulated through applied pressure. These materials show extreme resistance to external pressure, and are found to be stable up to a pressure range of 10 GPa, investigated using phonon dispersion calculations. The observed optical properties and the absorption coefficients within the visible-light spectrum make these compounds promising materials for photovoltaic applications. The calculated energy and optical band gaps are consistent with the available literature and are compared with the experimental results where available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Joshi
- Condensed
Matter Theory Research Lab, Kurseong College, Darjeeling 734203, India
- Department
of Physics, St. Josephs College, North Point, Darjeeling 734103, India
| | - Amit Shankar
- Condensed
Matter Theory Research Lab, Kurseong College, Darjeeling 734203, India
| | - Nihal Limbu
- Condensed
Matter Theory Research Lab, Kurseong College, Darjeeling 734203, India
- Department
of Physics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Mahesh Ram
- Condensed
Matter Theory Research Lab, Kurseong College, Darjeeling 734203, India
- Department
of Physics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Amel Laref
- Physics
Department, Faculty of Science, King Saudi
University, Riyad 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasanta Kumar Patra
- Department
of Physics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Oksana Bakhtiyarovna Ismailova
- Uzbekistan-Japan
Innovation Center of Youth, Tashkent 100180, Uzbekistan
- Turin
Polytechnic
University in Tashkent, Tashkent 100095, Uzbekistan
| | - Lalhriat Zuala
- Physical
Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Department of Physics, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796001, India
| | - Suman Chatterjee
- Department
of Physics, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Dibya Prakash Rai
- Physical
Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Department of Physics, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796001, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng X, Qi F, Li F, Wu S, Lin FR, Zhang Z, Guan Z, Yang Z, Lee CS, Jen AKY. Co‐assembled Monolayers as Hole ‐se lective Contact for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Optimized Recombination Loss and Long‐Term Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Deng
- CityU: City University of Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong HONG KONG
| | - Feng Qi
- CityU: City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Fengzhu Li
- CityU: City University of Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering HONG KONG
| | - Shengfan Wu
- CityU: City University of Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering HONG KONG
| | - Francis R. Lin
- CityU: City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Zhuomin Zhang
- CityU: City University of Hong Kong Department of Mechanical Engineering HONG KONG
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- CityU: City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Zhengbao Yang
- CityU: City University of Hong Kong Department of Mechanical Engineering HONG KONG
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- CityU: City University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- City University of Hong Kong Chemistry Tat Chee Ave 999077 Kowloon CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dkhili M, Lucarelli G, De Rossi F, Taheri B, Hammedi K, Ezzaouia H, Brunetti F, Brown TM. Attributes of High-Performance Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells on Flexible PET versus on Glass. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:4096-4107. [PMID: 35497682 PMCID: PMC9044394 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport layers (ETLs) play a fundamental role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) through charge extraction. Here, we developed flexible PSCs on 12 different kinds of ETLs based on SnO2. We show that ETLs need to be specifically developed for plastic substrates in order to attain 15% efficient flexible cells. Recipes developed for glass substrates do not typically transfer directly. Among all the ETLs, ZnO/SnO2 double layers delivered the highest average power conversion efficiency of 14.6% (best cell 14.8%), 39% higher than that of flexible cells of the same batch based on SnO2-only ETLs. However, the cells with a single ETL made of SnO2 nanoparticles were found to be more stable as well as more efficient and reproducible than SnO2 formed from a liquid precursor (SnO2-LP). We aimed at increasing the understanding of what makes a good ETL on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. More so than ensuring electron transport (as seen from on-current and series resistance analysis), delivering high shunt resistances (R SH) and lower recombination currents (I off) is key to obtain high efficiency. In fact, R SH of PSCs fabricated on glass was twice as large, and I off was 76% lower in relative terms, on average, than those on PET, indicating considerably better blocking behavior of ETLs on glass, which to a large extent explains the differences in average PCE (+29% in relative terms for glass vs PET) between these two types of devices. Importantly, we also found a clear trend for all ETLs and for different substrates between the wetting behavior of each surface and the final performance of the device, with efficiencies increasing with lower contact angles (ranging between ∼50 and 80°). Better wetting, with average contact angles being lower by 25% on glass versus PET, was conducive to delivering higher-quality layers and interfaces. This cognizance can help further optimize flexible devices and close the efficiency gap that still exists with their glass counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Dkhili
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory
of Semiconductors, Nanostructures and Advanced Technology (LSNTA), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Photovoltaic
Laboratory, Research and Technology Centre
of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Giulia Lucarelli
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Rossi
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Babak Taheri
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Khadija Hammedi
- Laboratory
of Semiconductors, Nanostructures and Advanced Technology (LSNTA), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Photovoltaic
Laboratory, Research and Technology Centre
of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Ezzaouia
- Laboratory
of Semiconductors, Nanostructures and Advanced Technology (LSNTA), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Photovoltaic
Laboratory, Research and Technology Centre
of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Francesca Brunetti
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas M. Brown
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mo H, Wang D, Chen Q, Guo W, Maniyarasu S, Thomas AG, Curry RJ, Li L, Liu Z. Laser-Assisted Ultrafast Fabrication of Crystalline Ta-Doped TiO 2 for High-Humidity-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15141-15153. [PMID: 35330992 PMCID: PMC9098116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A titanium dioxide (TiO2) compact film is a widely used electron transport layer (ETL) for n-i-p planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, TiO2 sufferers from poor electrical conductivity, leading to high energy loss at the perovskite/ETL/transparent conductive oxide interface. Doping the TiO2 film with alkali- and transition-metal elements is an effective way to improve its electrical conductivity. The conventional method to prepare these metal-doped TiO2 films commonly requires time-consuming furnace treatments at 450-600 °C for 30 min to 3 h. Herein, a rapid one-step laser treatment is developed to enable doping of tantalum (Ta) in TiO2 (Ta-TiO2) and to simultaneously induce the crystallization of TiO2 films from its amorphous precursor to an anatase phase. The PSCs based on the Ta-TiO2 films treated with the optimized fiber laser (1070 nm) processing parameters (21 s with a peak processing temperature of 800-850 °C) show enhanced photovoltaic performance in comparison to that of the device fabricated using furnace-treated films at 500 °C for 30 min. The ambient-processed planar PSCs fabricated under high relative humidity (RH) of 50-70% display power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.34% and 16.04% for devices based on Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3 absorbers, respectively. These results are due to the improved physical and chemical properties of the Ta-TiO2 films treated by the optimal laser process in comparison to those for the furnace process. The laser process is rapid, simple, and potentially scalable to produce metal-doped TiO2 films for efficient PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Mo
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Laser
Processing Research Center, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Dong Wang
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Laser
Processing Research Center, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Wei Guo
- Laser
Processing Research Center, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Suresh Maniyarasu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Andrew G. Thomas
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Richard J. Curry
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Lin Li
- Laser
Processing Research Center, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Laser
Processing Research Center, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu D, Zhang W, Kloo L, Belova L. Inkjet-Printed Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247525. [PMID: 34947118 PMCID: PMC8704523 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inkjet printing emerged as an alternative deposition method to spin coating in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the potential of scalable, low-cost, and no-waste manufacturing. In this study, the materials TiO2, SrTiO3, and SnO2 were inkjet-printed as electron transport layers (ETLs), and the PSC performance based on these ETLs was optimized by adjusting the ink preparation methods and printing processes. For the mesoporous ETLs inkjet-printed from TiO2 and SrTiO3 nanoparticle inks, the selection of solvents for dispersing nanoparticles was found to be important and a cosolvent system is beneficial for the film formation. Meanwhile, to overcome the low current density and severe hysteresis in SrTiO3-based devices, mixed mesoporous SrTiO3/TiO2 ETLs were also investigated. In addition, inkjet-printed SnO2 thin films were fabricated by using a cosolvent system and the effect of the SnO2 ink concentrations on the device performance was investigated. In comparison with PSCs based on TiO2 and SrTiO3 ETLs, the SnO2-based devices offer an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.37% in combination with a low hysteresis. This work expands the range of suitable ETL materials for inkjet-printed PSCs and promotes the commercial applications of inkjet printing techniques in PSC manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden; (W.Z.); (L.K.)
| | - Lars Kloo
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden; (W.Z.); (L.K.)
| | - Liubov Belova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singh N, Tao Y. Effect of surface modification of nickel oxide hole‐transport layer via self‐assembled monolayers in perovskite solar cells. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Department of Physics National Central University Taoyuan City Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica, Nankang Taipei Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Academia Sinica, Nankang Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica, Nankang Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gupta D, Chauhan A, Veerender P, Koiry S, Jha P, Sridevi C. Influence of charge transporting layers on ion migration and interfacial carrier recombination in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Mazumdar S, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells: Degradation Mechanisms and Remedies. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.712785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic–organic metal halide perovskite light harvester-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have come to the limelight of solar cell research due to their rapid growth in efficiency. At present, stability and reliability are challenging aspects concerning the Si-based or thin film-based commercial devices. Commercialization of perovskite solar cells remains elusive due to the lack of stability of these devices under real operational conditions, especially for longer duration use. A large number of researchers have been engaged in an ardent effort to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells. Understanding the degradation mechanisms has been the primary importance before exploring the remedies for degradation. In this review, a methodical understanding of various degradation mechanisms of perovskites and perovskite solar cells is presented followed by a discussion on different steps taken to overcome the stability issues. Recent insights on degradation mechanisms are discussed. Various approaches of stability enhancement are reviewed with an emphasis on reports that complied with the operational standard for practical application in a commercial solar module. The operational stability standard enacted by the International Electrotechnical Commission is especially discussed with reports that met the requirements or showed excellent results, which is the most important criterion to evaluate a device’s actual prospect to be utilized for practical applications in commercial solar modules. An overall understanding of degradation pathways in perovskites and perovskite solar cells and steps taken to overcome those with references including state-of-the-art devices with promising operational stability can be gained from this review.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee S, Wolfe S, Torres J, Yun M, Lee JK. Asymmetric Bipolar Resistive Switching of Halide Perovskite Film in Contact with TiO 2 Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27209-27216. [PMID: 34080828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskite materials such as methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) have attracted considerable interest for the resistive random-access memory applications, which exploit a dramatic change in the resistance by an external electric bias. In many semiconductor films, the drift, accumulation, and chain formation of defects explain the change in the resistance by an external bias. This study demonstrates that the interface of CH3NH3PbI3 with TiO2 has a significant impact on the formation and rupture of defect chains and causes the asymmetric bipolar resistive switching in the Au/CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2/FTO device (FTO = fluorine-doped tin oxide). When a negative bias is applied to the Au electrode, iodine interstitials with the lowest migration activation energy move toward TiO2 in the CH3NH3PbI3 layer and pile up at the CH3NH3PbI3-TiO2 interface. Under the same condition, oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 layer also travel to the CH3NH3PbI3-TiO2 interface and strongly attract iodine interstitials. As a result, a Schottky barrier appears at the CH3NH3PbI3-TiO2 interface, and the resistance of Au/CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2/FTO becomes much larger than that of Au/CH3NH3PbI3/FTO in the high resistance state. The frequency dependence of the capacitance confirms the asymmetric appearance of a large space charge polarization at the CH3NH3PbI3-TiO2 interface, which causes the unique bipolar resistive switching behavior with the on/off ratio (103) and retention time (>104 seconds) at -0.85 V in Au/CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2/FTO film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seongha Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Sarah Wolfe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jorge Torres
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Minhee Yun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jung-Kun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Taheri B, De Rossi F, Lucarelli G, Castriotta LA, Di Carlo A, Brown TM, Brunetti F. Laser-Scribing Optimization for Sprayed SnO 2-Based Perovskite Solar Modules on Flexible Plastic Substrates. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:4507-4518. [PMID: 34296065 PMCID: PMC8288912 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) are prime candidates for applications requiring a highly efficient, low-cost, lightweight, thin, and even foldable power source. Despite record efficiencies of lab-scale flexible devices (19.5% on a 0.1 cm2 area), scalability represents a critical factor toward commercialization of FPSCs. Large-area automized deposition techniques and efficient laser scribing procedures are required to enable a high-throughput production of flexible perovskite modules (FPSMs), with the latter being much more challenging compared to glass substrates. In this work, we introduce the combined concept of laser scribing optimization and automatized spray-coating of SnO2 layers. Based on a systematic variation of the incident laser power and a comprehensive morphological and electrical analysis of laser-based cell interconnections, optimal scribing parameters are identified. Furthermore, spray-coating is used to deposit uniform compact SnO2 films on large-area (>120 cm2) plastic substrates. FPSCs with spray-coated SnO2 show comparable performance as spin-coated cells, delivering up to 15.3% efficiency on small areas under 1 sun illumination. When upscaling to large areas, FPSMs deliver 12% power conversion efficiency (PCE) and negligible hysteresis on 16.8 cm2 and 11.7% PCE on a 21.8 cm2 active area. Our perovskite devices preserved 78% efficiency when the active area increased from 0.1 to 16.8 cm2, demonstrating that our combined approach is an effective strategy for large-area manufacturing of perovskite devices on flexible substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Taheri
- CHOSE,
Department of Electronic Engineering, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesca De Rossi
- CHOSE,
Department of Electronic Engineering, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giulia Lucarelli
- CHOSE,
Department of Electronic Engineering, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Luigi Angelo Castriotta
- CHOSE,
Department of Electronic Engineering, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE,
Department of Electronic Engineering, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- LASE−Laboratory
for Advanced Solar Energy, National University
of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russia
- Institute
for Structure of Matter, National Research
Council (CNR-ISM), via
del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Thomas M. Brown
- CHOSE,
Department of Electronic Engineering, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunetti
- CHOSE,
Department of Electronic Engineering, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Effect of crystallization on the photovoltaic parameters and stability of perovskite solar cells. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Zhu TY, Shu DJ. Polarization-Controlled Surface Defect Formation in a Hybrid Perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3898-3906. [PMID: 33861073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites have two properties that are absent in traditional inorganic photovoltaic materials, namely, polarization and mobile ionic defects, the interaction between which may introduce new features into the materials. By using the first-principles calculations, we find that the formation energies of the vacancy defects at a tetragonal MAPbI3(110) surface are highly related to the surface polarization. The positive total polarization and local polarization of MA facilitate the formation of surface MA vacancies, whereas the negative total polarization and local polarization of MAI are favorable for the formation of surface iodine vacancies. The phenomena can be explained quantitatively on the basis of the two kinds of Coulomb interactions between the charged defect and the polarization-induced electrostatic field. The comprehensive insights into the interaction between the polarization and the ionic defects in hybrid perovskites can provide a new avenue for defect control for high-performance perovskite solar cells via surface polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Da-Jun Shu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang B, Biesold GM, Zhang M, Lin Z. Amorphous inorganic semiconductors for the development of solar cell, photoelectrocatalytic and photocatalytic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6914-6949. [PMID: 33904560 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01134g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous inorganic semiconductors have attracted growing interest due to their unique electrical and optical properties that arise from their intrinsic disordered structure and thermodynamic metastability. Recently, amorphous inorganic semiconductors have been applied in a variety of new technologies, including solar cells, photoelectrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. It has been reported that amorphous phases can improve both efficiency and stability in these applications. While these phenomena are well established, their mechanisms have long remained unclear. This review first introduces the general background of amorphous inorganic semiconductor properties and synthesis. Then, the recent successes and current challenges of amorphous inorganic semiconductor-based materials for applications in solar cells, photoelectrocatalysis, and photocatalysis are addressed. In particular, we discuss the mechanisms behind the remarkable performances of amorphous inorganic semiconductors in these fields. Finally, we provide insightful perspectives into further developments for applications of amorphous inorganic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Z, Li Z, Hopper TR, Bakulin AA, Yip HL. Materials, photophysics and device engineering of perovskite light-emitting diodes. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:046401. [PMID: 33730709 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abefba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we provide a comprehensive review of a newly developed lighting technology based on metal halide perovskites (i.e. perovskite light-emitting diodes) encompassing the research endeavours into materials, photophysics and device engineering. At the outset we survey the basic perovskite structures and their various dimensions (namely three-, two- and zero-dimensional perovskites), and demonstrate how the compositional engineering of these structures affects the perovskite light-emitting properties. Next, we turn to the physics underpinning photo- and electroluminescence in these materials through their connection to the fundamental excited states, energy/charge transport processes and radiative and non-radiative decay mechanisms. In the remainder of the review, we focus on the engineering of perovskite light-emitting diodes, including the history of their development as well as an extensive analysis of contemporary strategies for boosting device performance. Key concepts include balancing the electron/hole injection, suppression of parasitic carrier losses, improvement of the photoluminescence quantum yield and enhancement of the light extraction. Overall, this review reflects the current paradigm for perovskite lighting, and is intended to serve as a foundation to materials and device scientists newly working in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou University City, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center of Printed Photovoltaics, South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou JJ, Ding RZ, Peng YQ, Gu CF, Zhou ZL, Lv WL, Xu SN, Sun L, Wei Y, Wang Y. Light illumination and temperature-induced current–voltage hysteresis in single-crystal perovskite photodiodes. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01676d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, current–voltage (IV) hysteresis, which is more frequently observed in thin film perovskite solar cells, has been intensively studied due to the destruction of data accuracy in device measurement.
Collapse
|
30
|
Guo M, Shen D, Li Y, Akram MA, Wei M. TiO 2 Mesocrystals Processed at Low Temperature as the Electron-Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5256-5263. [PMID: 32696606 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 is the most widely used material for preparing the electron-transporting layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it requires a high-temperature sintering process. Moreover, the intrinsic defects and low electron mobility of TiO2 ETLs cause instability and hysteresis effects in PSCs. In this study, a mesoporous film composed of anatase TiO2 mesocrystals was facilely fabricated by a low-temperature route and then used as an ETL in PSCs for the first time. A satisfactory efficiency of 20.26 % can be achieved through delicate control of the entire device fabrication procedure. The optimal device, with an area of 1 cm2 , achieves an efficiency of 17.07 %. In comparison to the common TiO2 ETLs, those composed of TiO2 mesocrystals show the enhanced electron extraction and suppression of charge accumulation at the perovskite/ETL interface, resulting in improved photovoltaic performance and reduced hysteresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghuang Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Deli Shen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Aftab Akram
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science and Technology H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mingdeng Wei
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pydzińska-Białek K, Drushliak V, Coy E, Załȩski K, Flach J, Idígoras J, Contreras-Bernal L, Hagfeldt A, Anta JA, Ziółek M. Understanding the Interfaces between Triple-Cation Perovskite and Electron or Hole Transporting Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30399-30410. [PMID: 32515941 PMCID: PMC7497635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The properties of efficient solar cells fabricated with triple-cation perovskite placed between a mesoporous titania layer and a spiro-OMeTAD layer are studied by using devices either prepared under water-free drybox conditions or fabricated under ambient room humidity. The morphological studies indicate that the content of unreacted PbI2 phase in the perovskite structure is much higher near the interface with titania than near the interface with spiro-OMeTAD. The stationary emission spectra and transient bleach peaks of perovskites show additional long-wavelength features close to the titania side. Time-resolved techniques ranging from femtoseconds to seconds reveal further differences in charge dynamics at both interfaces. The population decay is significantly faster at the titania side than at the spiro-OMeTAD side for the cells prepared under ambient conditions. An increased hole injection rate correlates with higher photocurrent seen in the devices prepared under drybox conditions. The charge recombination loss on the millisecond time scale is found to be slower at the interface with titania than at the interface with spiro-OMeTAD. The ideality factor of the cells is found to increase with increasing DMSO content in the precursor solution, indicating a change in recombination mechanism from bulk to surface recombination. We also found that the charge dynamics are not uniform within the whole perovskite layer. This feature has significant implications for understanding the operation and optimizing the performance of solar devices based on mixed cation perovskites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pydzińska-Białek
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Viktoriia Drushliak
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Karol Załȩski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jessica Flach
- Laboratory
of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jesus Idígoras
- Area de Quimica Fisica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory
of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Juan Antonio Anta
- Area de Quimica Fisica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcin Ziółek
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hong MJ, Johnson RY, Labram JG. Impact of Moisture on Mobility in Methylammonium Lead Iodide and Formamidinium Lead Iodide. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4976-4983. [PMID: 32525680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The greatest remaining barrier to the commercialization of perovskite solar cells is their instability to ambient environmental conditions. While most studies of the electronic stability of perovskites employ finished devices, we here exploit the contactless characterization technique time-resolved microwave conductivity to probe electronic properties in the absence of encapsulation and interface effects. By tracking the mobility of charge carriers in two archetypal perovskite compounds, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) under various conditions, we are able to make decisive statements about the role of water in the electronic performance of perovskites. Overall, we observe a strong negative correlation between hydration and mobility in MAPbI3, but not in FAPbI3. We anticipate that the data presented herein will serve as a valuable resource in future stability studies in perovskite solar cells and, ultimately, lead to more stable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Hong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Rose Y Johnson
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - John G Labram
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu M, Wang HY, Zhao JS, Qin Y, Zhang JP, Ai XC. The influence of fullerene on hysteresis mechanism in planar perovskite solar cells. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
34
|
Chi W, Banerjee SK. Progress in Materials Development for the Rapid Efficiency Advancement of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907531. [PMID: 32452645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has undergone rapid advancement due to great progress in materials development over the past decade and is under extensive study. Despite the significant challenges (e.g., recombination and hysteresis), both the single-junction and tandem cells have gradually approached the theoretical efficiency limit. Herein, an overview is given of how passivation and crystallization reduce recombination and thus improve the device performance; how the materials of dominant layers (hole transporting layer (HTL), electron transporting layer (ETL), and absorber layer) affect the quality and optoelectronic properties of single-junction PSCs; and how the materials development contributes to rapid efficiency enhancement of perovskite/Si tandem devices with monolithic and mechanically stacked configurations. The interface optimization, novel materials development, mixture strategy, and bandgap tuning are reviewed and analyzed. This is a review of the major factors determining efficiency, and how further improvements can be made on the performance of PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Chi
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ašmontas S, Anbinderis M, Gradauskas J, Juškėnas R, Leinartas K, Lučun A, Selskis A, Staišiūnas L, Stanionytė S, Sužiedėlis A, Šilėnas A, Širmulis E. Low Resistance TiO 2/p-Si Heterojunction for Tandem Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122857. [PMID: 32630580 PMCID: PMC7345728 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Niobium-doped titanium dioxide (Ti1−xNbxO2) films were grown on p-type Si substrates at low temperature (170 °C) using an atomic layer deposition technique. The as-deposited films were amorphous and showed low electrical conductivity. The films became electrically well-conducting and crystallized into the an anatase structure upon reductive post-deposition annealing at 600 °C in an H2 atmosphere for 30 min. It was shown that the Ti0.72Nb0.28O2/p+-Si heterojunction fabricated on low resistivity silicon (10−3 Ω cm) had linear current–voltage characteristic with a specific contact resistivity as low as 23 mΩ·cm2. As the resistance dependence on temperature revealed, the current across the Ti0.72Nb0.28O2/p+-Si heterojunction was mainly determined by the band-to-band charge carrier tunneling through the junction.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hamada K, Tanaka R, Kamarudin MA, Shen Q, Iikubo S, Minemoto T, Yoshino K, Toyoda T, Ma T, Kang DW, Hayase S. Enhanced Device Performance with Passivation of the TiO 2 Surface Using a Carboxylic Acid Fullerene Monolayer for a SnPb Perovskite Solar Cell with a Normal Planar Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17776-17782. [PMID: 32204584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research on tin-lead (SnPb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has gained popularity in recent years because of their low band gap, which could be applied to tandem solar cells. However, most of the work is based on inverted PSCs using PEDOT:PSS as the hole-transport layer as normal-structure PSCs show lower efficiency. In this work, the reason behind the low efficiency of normal-structure SnPb PSCs is elucidated and surface passivation has been tested as a method to overcome the problem. In the case of normal PSCs, at the interface between the titania layer and SnPb perovskite, there are many carrier traps observed originating from Ti-O-Sn bonds. In order to avoid the direct contact between titania and the SnPb perovskite layer, the titania surface is passivated with carboxylic acid C60 resulting in an efficiency increase from 5.14 to 7.91%. This will provide a direction of enhancing the efficiency of the normal-structure SnPb PSCs through heterojunction engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Hamada
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka-ken 808-0196, Japan
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka-ken 808-0196, Japan
| | - Muhammad Akmal Kamarudin
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Qing Shen
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iikubo
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka-ken 808-0196, Japan
| | - Takashi Minemoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshino
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Miyazaki University, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Tingli Ma
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka-ken 808-0196, Japan
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- School of Energy Systems Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Shuzi Hayase
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka-ken 808-0196, Japan
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou Y, Li X, Lin H. To Be Higher and Stronger-Metal Oxide Electron Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902579. [PMID: 31389168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic mixed halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology with increasingly improved device efficiency exceeding 24%. Charge transport layers, especially electron transport layers (ETLs), are verified to play a vital role in device performance and stability. Recently, metal oxides (MOs) have been widely studied as ETLs for high-performance PSCs due to their excellent electronic properties, superb versatility, and great stability. This Review briefly discusses the development of PSCs' architecture and outlines the requirements for MO ETLs. Additionally, recent progress of MO ETLs from preparation to optimization for efficient PSCs is systematically summarized and highlighted to associate the versatility of MO ETLs with the performance of devices. Finally, a summary and prospectives for the future development of MO ETLs toward practical application of high-performance PSCs are drawn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu C, Cheng YB, Ge Z. Understanding of perovskite crystal growth and film formation in scalable deposition processes. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1653-1687. [PMID: 32134426 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00711c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite photovoltaics (PSCs) have attracted significant attention during the past decade. Despite the stellar rise of laboratory-scale PSC devices, which have reached a certified efficiency over 25% to date, there is still a large efficiency gap when transiting from small-area devices to large-area solar modules. Efficiency losses would inevitably arise from the great challenges of homogeneous coating of large-area high quality perovskite films. To address this problem, we provide an in-depth understanding of the perovskite nucleation and crystal growth kinetics, including the LaMer and Ostwald ripening models, which advises us that fast nucleation and slow crystallization are essential factors in forming high-quality perovskite films. Based on these cognitions, a variety of thin film engineering approaches will be introduced, including the anti-solvent, gas-assisted and solvent annealing treatments, Lewis acid-base adduct incorporation, etc., which are able to regulate the nucleation and crystallization steps. Upscaling the photovoltaic devices is the following step. We summarize the currently developed scalable deposition technologies, including spray coating, slot-die coating, doctor blading, inkjet printing and vapour-assisted deposition. These are more appealing approaches for scalable fabrication of perovskite films than the spin coating method, in terms of lower material/solution waste, more homogeneous thin film coating over a large area, and better morphological control of the film. The working principles of these techniques will be provided, which direct us that the physical properties of the precursor solutions and surface characteristics/temperature of the substrate are both dominating factors influencing the film morphology. Optimization of the perovskite crystallization and film formation process will be subsequently summarized from these aspects. Additionally, we also highlight the significance of perovskite stability, as it is the last puzzle to realize the practical applications of PSCs. Recent efforts towards improving the stability of PSC devices to environmental factors are discussed in this part. In general, this review, comprising the mechanistic analysis of perovskite film formation, thin film engineering, scalable deposition technologies and device stability, provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and opportunities in the field of PSCs, aiming to promote the future development of cost-effective up-scale fabrication of highly efficient and ultra-stable PSCs for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Qi J, Xiong H, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H. A kirigami-inspired island-chain design for wearable moistureproof perovskite solar cells with high stretchability and performance stability. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3646-3656. [PMID: 32016245 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A range of power generating approaches, such as integration with clothing, fashion accessories, or textiles, allow electronic devices to be charged in environmentally friendly ways. Stretchable, efficient, stable, and even washable solar cells are considered the next necessary component to supply continuous wearable energy. However, ultra-thin photo-active materials are often fragile, which inevitably raises challenges for electron conduction during stretching and washing processes, thus resulting in unsatisfactory output performance. Herein, we have removed the stumbling block by designing a kirigami-inspired unique island-chain structure with serpentine interconnects, which prevented the photo-active layer of subcells from being subjected to excessive strain. Notably, this is the first time perovskite solar cell arrays met the above wearable requirements simultaneously. The obtained devices exhibited a high yet stable power output (efficiency of 17.68%) accompanied by a robust cycling performance (87% of the initial PCE) even after 300 times of continuous stretching with a large ratio of 80%. The efficiency of the optimized PSCs maintains promising stability after being exposed in a harsh environment (80% humidity) for 10 days. As textile-compatible power sources, the successfully designed stretchable and moisture-resistant photovoltaics add power-generation functionality to clothing, opening a new avenue for applications as long-term power sources for wearable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China. and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, MOE, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Wang P, Li R, Chen B, Hou F, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Gradient Energy Alignment Engineering for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 23. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905766. [PMID: 31899829 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An electron-transport layer (ETL) with appropriate energy alignment and enhanced charge transfer is critical for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, interfacial energy level mismatch limits the electrical performance of PSCs, particularly the open-circuit voltage (VOC ). Herein, a simple low-temperature-processed In2 O3 /SnO2 bilayer ETL is developed and used for fabricating a new PSC device. The presence of In2 O3 results in uniform, compact, and low-trap-density perovskite films. Moreover, the conduction band of In2 O3 is shallower than that of Sn-doped In2 O3 (ITO), enhancing the charge transfer from perovskite to ETL, thus minimizing VOC loss at the perovskite and ETL interface. A planar PSC with a power conversion efficiency of 23.24% (certified efficiency of 22.54%) is obtained. A high VOC of 1.17 V is achieved with the potential loss at only 0.36 V. In contrast, devices based on single SnO2 layers achieve 21.42% efficiency with a VOC of 1.13 V. In addition, the new device maintains 97.5% initial efficiency after 80 d in N2 without encapsulation and retains 91% of its initial efficiency after 180 h under 1 sun continuous illumination. The results demonstrate and pave the way for the development of efficient photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Wang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Renjie Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Fuhua Hou
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhu W, Chai W, Chen D, Xi H, Chen D, Chang J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Hao Y. Recycling of FTO/TiO 2 Substrates: Route toward Simultaneously High-Performance and Cost-Efficient Carbon-Based, All-Inorganic CsPbIBr 2 Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4549-4557. [PMID: 31913017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based, all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn enormous attention recently on account of their ungraded stability and reduced costs. However, their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) still lag behind the ones with conventional architecture. Moreover, the high cost of FTO substrates and energy-consuming sintering process of TiO2 electron-transporting layers should be further addressed. Herein, it is demonstrated that the FTO/TiO2 substrates could be separated simply from degraded CsPbIBr2 PSCs for fabricating the new ones again, which thus reduces the production costs of resulting PSCs and makes them renewable and sustainable. Meanwhile, the characterization results reveal that there are some residual CsPbIBr2-derived species on recycled FTO/TiO2 substrates, which enable the upper CsPbIBr2 films with suppressed halide phase separation and reduced defects, the diminished work function of TiO2 layers from 4.13 to 3.89 eV, along with decreased conduction band minimum (CBM) difference of CsPbIBr2/TiO2 interface from 0.51 to 0.36 eV. Consequently, the average PCE of CsPbIBr2 PSCs is improved by 20%, from 6.51 ± 0.62% to 8.14 ± 0.63%, wherein the champion one yields the exceptional value of 9.12%. These findings provide an avenue for simultaneous performance enhancement and cost-saving of carbon-based, all-inorganic PSCs to promote their commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhu
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Wenming Chai
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Dandan Chen
- College of Science , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , Shaanxi , China
| | - He Xi
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Dazheng Chen
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jiménez-López J, Puscher BMD, Guldi DM, Palomares E. Improved Carrier Collection and Hot Electron Extraction Across Perovskite, C 60, and TiO 2 Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1236-1246. [PMID: 31867954 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of C60 as an interfacial layer between TiO2 and methylammonium lead iodide perovskite is probed to reduce the current-voltage hysteresis in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and, in turn, to impact the interfacial carrier injection and recombination processes that limit solar cell efficiencies. Detailed kinetic analyses across different time scales, that is, from the femtoseconds to the seconds, reveal that the charge carrier lifetimes as well as the charge injection and charge recombination dynamics depend largely on the presence or absence of C60. In addition, we corroborate that C60 is applicable in hot carrier PSCs as it is capable of extracting hot carriers generated throughout the early time scales following photoexcitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Jiménez-López
- The Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST) , Avda. Països Catalans,16 , Tarragona E-43007 , Spain.,Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Bianka M D Puscher
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Emilio Palomares
- The Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST) , Avda. Països Catalans,16 , Tarragona E-43007 , Spain.,ICREA , Passeig Lluis Companys 28 , 08018 Barcelona , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen T, Sun Z, Liang M, Xue S. Correlating hysteresis phenomena with interfacial charge accumulation in perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:245-251. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A generalized charge exchange model is introduced into drift–diffusion equations for modeling the charge extraction in perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Mao Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite is a leading successor for the next generation of (opto)electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yu M, Guo Y, Yuan S, Zhao JS, Qin Y, Ai XC. The influence of the electron transport layer on charge dynamics and trap-state properties in planar perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12347-12353. [PMID: 35497604 PMCID: PMC9050638 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the outstanding photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, the correlation between the electron transport layer and the mechanism of photoelectric conversion is still not fully understood. In this paper, the relationship between photovoltaic performance and carrier dynamics is systematically studied in both TiO2- and SnO2-based planar perovskite devices. It is found that the different electron transport layers result in distinct forward scan results and charge dynamics. Based on the charge dynamics results, the influence of the electron transport layer on charge carrier transport and charge recombination is revealed. More importantly, the trap-state density is characterized, which is proven to be related to the charge carrier dynamics and the specific hysteresis behaviour in the perovskite solar cells. The present work would provide new insights into the working mechanisms of electron transport layers and their effect on hysteresis. The underlying work mechanism of electron transport layers and their significant influence on photovoltaic performance are systematically studied.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- School of Materials Engineering
- Xi'an Aeronautical University
- Xi'an 710077
- China
| | - Yanru Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Shang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Yujun Qin
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| | - Xi-Cheng Ai
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu W, Yu F, Fan W, Zhang Q. Improved stability and efficiency of polymer-based selenium solar cells through the usage of tin(iv) oxide in the electron transport layers and the analysis of aging dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14838-14845. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-performing SSCs with SnO2 as the ETL and P3HT as the HTL, showing a long-term stability (more than 1500 h) were fabricated. Moreover, the aging process of the SSCs was analyzed in detail to explore the factors that affect the device behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Weijun Fan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang XY, Lin HS, Matsuo Y. Highly Selective Synthesis of Tetrahydronaphthaleno[60]fullerenes via Fullerene-Cation-Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16314-16322. [PMID: 31742406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A high-yielding protocol to construct six-membered carbon rings on fullerene is presented. This methodology with in situ fullerene-cation-mediated intramolecular cyclization provides high selectivity and efficient access to six-membered tetrahydronaphthaleno[60]fullerenes with a remarkable functional group tolerance and excellent yields. Furthermore, high solubilities of tetrahydronaphthaleno[60]fullerenes are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Hao-Sheng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan.,Institute of Materials Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku , Nagoya 468-8603 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chakrabarti S, Carolan D, Alessi B, Maguire P, Svrcek V, Mariotti D. Microplasma-synthesized ultra-small NiO nanocrystals, a ubiquitous hole transport material. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4915-4925. [PMID: 36133136 PMCID: PMC9417055 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00299e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on a one-step hybrid atmospheric pressure plasma-liquid synthesis of ultra-small NiO nanocrystals (2 nm mean diameter), which exhibit strong quantum confinement. We show the versatility of the synthesis process and present the superior material characteristics of the nanocrystals (NCs). The band diagram of the NiO NCs, obtained experimentally, highlights ideal features for their implementation as a hole transport layer in a wide range of photovoltaic (PV) device architectures. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the NiO NCs as a hole transport layer for three different PV device test architectures, which incorporate silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs), nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) and perovskite as absorber layers. Our results clearly show ideal band alignment which could lead to improved carrier extraction into the metal contacts for all three solar cells. In addition, in the case of perovskite solar cells, the NiO NC hole transport layer acted as a protective layer preventing the degradation of halide perovskites from ambient moisture with a stable performance for >70 days. Our results also show unique characteristics that are highly suitable for future developments in all-inorganic 3rd generation solar cells (e.g. based on quantum dots) where quantum confinement can be used effectively to tune the band diagram to fit the energy level alignment requirements of different solar cell architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Chakrabarti
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University Jordanstown, Newtownabbey Co. Antrim BT37 0QB UK
- Centre for Carbon Materials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI) Balapur P.O. Hyderabad 500005 India
| | - Darragh Carolan
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University Jordanstown, Newtownabbey Co. Antrim BT37 0QB UK
| | - Bruno Alessi
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University Jordanstown, Newtownabbey Co. Antrim BT37 0QB UK
| | - Paul Maguire
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University Jordanstown, Newtownabbey Co. Antrim BT37 0QB UK
| | - Vladimir Svrcek
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Department of Energy and Environment, Research Center of Photovoltaics, Advanced Processing Team Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University Jordanstown, Newtownabbey Co. Antrim BT37 0QB UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Han TH, Tan S, Xue J, Meng L, Lee JW, Yang Y. Interface and Defect Engineering for Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803515. [PMID: 30761623 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have been in the limelight in recent years due to their enormous potential for use in optoelectronic devices, owing to their unique combination of properties, such as high absorption coefficient, long charge-carrier diffusion lengths, and high defect tolerance. Perovskite-based solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have achieved remarkable breakthroughs in a comparatively short amount of time. As of writing, a certified power conversion efficiency of 22.7% and an external quantum efficiency of over 10% have been achieved for perovskite solar cells and LEDs, respectively. Interfaces and defects have a critical influence on the properties and operational stability of metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices. Therefore, interface and defect engineering are crucial to control the behavior of the charge carriers and to grow high quality, defect-free perovskite crystals. Herein, a comprehensive review of various strategies that attempt to modify the interfacial characteristics, control the crystal growth, and understand the defect physics in metal halide perovskites, for both solar cell and LED applications, is presented. Lastly, based on the latest advances and breakthroughs, perspectives and possible directions forward in a bid to transcend what has already been achieved in this vast field of metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shaun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|