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Hirayama K, Kitamura M, Lin NS, Nguyen MH, Le BD, Mai AT, Mayama S, Umemura K. Attachment of DNA-Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) for a Micron-Sized Biosensor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47148-47155. [PMID: 36570289 PMCID: PMC9774338 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated a micron-sized biodevice based on the near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) response of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Various biosensors using the unique optical responses of SWNTs have been proposed by many research groups. Most of these employed either colloidal suspensions of dispersed SWNTs or SWNT films on flat surfaces, such as electrodes. In this study, we attached DNA-wrapped SWNTs (DNA-SWNTs) to frustule (micron-sized nanoporous biosilica) surfaces, which were purified from cultured isolated diatoms. After the injection of an oxidant and a reductant, the SWNTs on the frustules showed prominent PL responses. This suggests that the biodevice functions as a micron-sized redox sensor. Frustules can be easily suspended in aqueous solutions because of their porous structures and can easily be collected as pellets by low-speed centrifugation. Thus, the removal of unbound SWNTs and the recovery of the fabricated DNA-SWNT frustules for reuse were achieved by gentle centrifugation. Our proposal for micron-sized SWNT biodevices would be helpful for various biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Hirayama
- Biophysics
Section, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masaki Kitamura
- Biophysics
Section, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Nay San Lin
- Biophysics
Section, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Minh Hieu Nguyen
- VNU
University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Binh Duong Le
- National
Center for Technological Progress, 25 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuan Mai
- VNU
University of Engineering and Technology, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi G2-206, Vietnam
| | - Shigeki Mayama
- Tokyo
Diatomology Lab, 2−3-2
Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-0015, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Biophysics
Section, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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2
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Selvasundaram PB, Kraft R, Li W, Fischer R, Kappes MM, Hennrich F, Krupke R. Measuring in Situ Length Distributions of Polymer-Wrapped Monochiral Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Toluene with Analytical Ultracentrifugation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3790-3796. [PMID: 30758209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The length of a carbon nanotube is an important dimension that has to be adjusted to the requirements of an experiment or application, e.g., through sorting methods. So far, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been the method of choice for measuring length distributions, despite being an ex situ method with apparent shortcomings. In this work, we explore analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) as an in situ method for measuring the length distribution of polymer-wrapped (7, 5) single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in toluene. This is an AUC study of nanotubes in nonaqueous media, the preferred media for nanotubes used in device fabrication. In AUC, the temporally and spatially dependent change in optical absorption of a sample is measured under centrifugation. The resulting sedimentation curves can be deconvoluted with a standard data processing procedure (SEDFIT), to yield the sedimentation coefficient distribution. However, the conversion of the sedimentation coefficient distribution into a length distribution is nontrivial and requires finding a suitable model for the nanotube friction coefficient. Also, since AUC is based on optical absorption, it yields a volume distribution and not a number distribution as obtained from AFM reference data. By meeting these challenges and finding a surprisingly simple empirical flexible-chain-like model to describe the sedimentation behavior of one specific chiral structure, we suggest AUC as a viable method for measuring in situ nanotube length distributions of nonaqueous dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranauv Balaji Selvasundaram
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe D-76021 , Germany
- Institute of Materials Science , Technical University Darmstadt , Darmstadt D-64287 , Germany
| | - Rainer Kraft
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe D-76021 , Germany
| | - Wenshan Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe D-76021 , Germany
- Institute of Materials Science , Technical University Darmstadt , Darmstadt D-64287 , Germany
| | - Regina Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe D-76131 , Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe D-76021 , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe D-76131 , Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe D-76021 , Germany
| | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe D-76021 , Germany
- Institute of Materials Science , Technical University Darmstadt , Darmstadt D-64287 , Germany
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3
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Zhang H, Quan L, Shi F, Li C, Liu H, Xu L. Rheological Behavior of Amino-Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polyacrylonitrile Concentrated Solutions and Crystal Structure of Composite Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E186. [PMID: 30966222 PMCID: PMC6414974 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rheological behavior of amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (amino-CNTs)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) concentrated solutions in the dimethyl sulphoxide solvent and the effects of the amino-CNTs on the PAN precursor fibers by wet-spinning method were investigated. The amino-CNT/PAN concentrated solutions prepared by in situ solution polymerization with homogeneous dispersion of amino-CNTs have higher complex viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus as compared to the control PAN concentrated solutions containing 22% PAN polymer by mass. The composite fibers with amino-CNTs of 1 wt % have lower degree of crystallization, crystal size and crystal region orientation compared to the control PAN precursor fibers. However, the amino-CNT/PAN composite fibers with diameter of about 10.5 μm exhibit higher mechanical properties than the control PAN precursor fibers with diameter of about 8.0 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated that the cyclization reaction in composite fibers have broad exothermic temperature range and low exothermic rate. These results indicate that the addition of amino-CNTs into PAN precursor fibers is beneficial to controlling the process of thermal stabilization and obtaining the higher performance of composite fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Communication, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ling Quan
- School of Electric Power, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China.
| | - Fengjun Shi
- School of Civil Engineering and Communication, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Huanqiang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Communication, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China.
| | - Lianghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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4
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Zabet M, Trinh K, Toghiani H, Lacy TE, Pittman CU, Kundu S. Anisotropic Nanoparticles Contributing to Shear-Thickening Behavior of Fumed Silica Suspensions. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8877-8887. [PMID: 31457416 PMCID: PMC6645521 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rheological characteristics of a concentrated suspension can be tuned using anisotropic particles having various shapes and sizes. Here, the role of anisotropic nanoparticles, such as surface-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs), on the rheological behavior of fumed silica suspensions in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is investigated. In these mixed-particle suspensions, the concentrations of MWNTs and GONPs are much lower than the fumed silica concentration. The suspensions are stable, and hydrogen-bonded PEG solvation layers around the particles inhibit their flocculation. Fumed silica suspensions over the concentration range considered here display shear-thickening behavior. However, for a larger concentration of MWNTs and with increasing aspect ratios, the shear-thickening behavior diminishes. In contrast, a distinct shear-thickening response has been observed for the GONP-containing suspensions for similar mass fractions (MFs) of MWNTs. For these suspensions, shear thickening is achieved at a lower solid MFs compared to the suspensions consisting of only fumed silica. A significant weight reduction of shear-thickening fluids that can be achieved by this approach is beneficial for many applications. Our results provide guiding principles for controlling the rheological behavior of mixed-particle systems relevant in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Zabet
- Dave
C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aerospace Engineering
Department, and Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Kevin Trinh
- Dave
C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aerospace Engineering
Department, and Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Hossein Toghiani
- Dave
C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aerospace Engineering
Department, and Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Thomas E. Lacy
- Dave
C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aerospace Engineering
Department, and Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Dave
C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aerospace Engineering
Department, and Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Dave
C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aerospace Engineering
Department, and Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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5
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Li W, Hennrich F, Flavel BS, Kappes MM, Krupke R. Chiral-index resolved length mapping of carbon nanotubes in solution using electric-field induced differential absorption spectroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:375706. [PMID: 27504810 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/37/375706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The length of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is an important metric for the integration of SWCNTs into devices and for the performance of SWCNT-based electronic or optoelectronic applications. In this work we propose a rather simple method based on electric-field induced differential absorption spectroscopy to measure the chiral-index-resolved average length of SWCNTs in dispersions. The method takes advantage of the electric-field induced length-dependent dipole moment of nanotubes and has been verified and calibrated by atomic force microscopy. This method not only provides a low cost, in situ approach for length measurements of SWCNTs in dispersion, but due to the sensitivity of the method to the SWCNT chiral index, the chiral index dependent average length of fractions obtained by chromatographic sorting can also be derived. Also, the determination of the chiral-index resolved length distribution seems to be possible using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Vimalanathan K, Gascooke JR, Suarez-Martinez I, Marks NA, Kumari H, Garvey CJ, Atwood JL, Lawrance WD, Raston CL. Fluid dynamic lateral slicing of high tensile strength carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22865. [PMID: 26965728 PMCID: PMC4786806 DOI: 10.1038/srep22865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral slicing of micron length carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is effective on laser irradiation of the materials suspended within dynamic liquid thin films in a microfluidic vortex fluidic device (VFD). The method produces sliced CNTs with minimal defects in the absence of any chemical stabilizers, having broad length distributions centred at ca 190, 160 nm and 171 nm for single, double and multi walled CNTs respectively, as established using atomic force microscopy and supported by small angle neutron scattering solution data. Molecular dynamics simulations on a bent single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with a radius of curvature of order 10 nm results in tearing across the tube upon heating, highlighting the role of shear forces which bend the tube forming strained bonds which are ruptured by the laser irradiation. CNT slicing occurs with the VFD operating in both the confined mode for a finite volume of liquid and continuous flow for scalability purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Vimalanathan
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science &Technology, School of Chemical &Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jason R Gascooke
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science &Technology, School of Chemical &Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
| | - Irene Suarez-Martinez
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Science, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Nigel A Marks
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Science, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Harshita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 3225 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, 42567, United States
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, 2234, NSW
| | - Jerry L Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Warren D Lawrance
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science &Technology, School of Chemical &Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science &Technology, School of Chemical &Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
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7
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Bengio EA, Tsentalovich DE, Behabtu N, Kleinerman O, Kesselman E, Schmidt J, Talmon Y, Pasquali M. Statistical length measurement method by direct imaging of carbon nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6139-6146. [PMID: 24773046 DOI: 10.1021/am500424u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) length on their macroscopic properties requires an accurate methodology for CNT length measurement. So far, existing techniques are limited to short (less than a few micrometers) CNTs and sample preparation methods that bias the measured values. Here, we show that the average length of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be measured by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) of CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid. The method consists of dissolving at low concentration CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid (a true solvent), imaging the individual CNTs by cryo-TEM, and processing and analyzing the images to determine CNT length. By measuring the total CNT contour length and number of CNT ends in each image, and by applying statistical analysis, we extend the method to cases where each CNT is long enough to span many cryo-TEM images, making the direct length measurement of an entire CNT impractical. Hence, this new technique can be used effectively to estimate samples in a wide range of CNT lengths, although we find that cryo-TEM imaging may bias the measurement towards longer CNTs, which are easier to detect. Our statistical method is also applied to AFM images of CNTs to show that, by using only a few AFM images, it yields estimates that are consistent with literature techniques, based on individually measuring a higher number of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Amram Bengio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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8
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Batista CAS, Zheng M, Khripin CY, Tu X, Fagan JA. Rod hydrodynamics and length distributions of single-wall carbon nanotubes using analytical ultracentrifugation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4895-904. [PMID: 24707888 DOI: 10.1021/la404892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Because of their repetitive chemical structure, extreme rigidity, and the separability of populations with varying aspect ratio, SWCNTs are excellent candidates for use as model rodlike colloids. In this contribution, the sedimentation velocities of length and density sorted single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are compared to predictions from rod hydrodynamic theories of increasing complexity over a range of aspect ratios from <50 to >400. Independently measuring all contributions to the sedimentation velocity besides the shape factor, excellent agreement is found between the experimental findings and theoretical predictions for numerically calculated hydrodynamic radius values and for multiterm analytical expansion approximations; values for the hydrodynamic radii in these cases are additionally found to be consistent with the apparent hydrated particle radius determined independently by buoyancy measurements. Lastly, we utilize this equivalency to calculate the apparent distribution of nanotube lengths in each population from their sedimentation coefficient distribution without adjustable parameters, achieving excellent agreement with distributions from atomic force microscopy. The method developed herein provides an alternative for the ensemble measurement of SWCNT length distributions and others rodlike particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Silvera Batista
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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9
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Obitayo W, Luo S, Xiao Z, Liu T, Guan J. Gel electrophoresis and Raman mapping for determining the length distribution of SWCNTs. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05885b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple method (GEP-SRSPL) combines gel electrophoresis and simultaneous Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopy for length distribution measurements of SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waris Obitayo
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Sida Luo
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- High-Performance Materials Institute
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee, USA
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10
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Streit JK, Bachilo SM, Naumov AV, Khripin C, Zheng M, Weisman RB. Measuring single-walled carbon nanotube length distributions from diffusional trajectories. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8424-8431. [PMID: 22924324 DOI: 10.1021/nn3032744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new method is demonstrated for measuring the length distributions of dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) samples by analyzing diffusional motions of many individual nanotubes in parallel. In this method, termed "length analysis by nanotube diffusion" (LAND), video sequences of near-IR fluorescence microscope images showing many semiconducting SWCNTs are recorded and processed by custom image analysis software. This processing locates the individual nanotubes, tracks their translational trajectories, computes the corresponding diffusion coefficients, and converts those values to nanotube lengths. The deduced length values are then compiled into a histogram of lengths present in the sample. By using specific excitation wavelengths and emission filters, this analysis is performed on selected (n,m) structural species. The new LAND method has been found to give distributions in very good agreement with those obtained by conventional AFM analysis of the same samples. Because it is fluorescence-based, LAND monitors only semiconducting, relatively pristine SWCNTs. However, it is less sensitive to artifacts from impurities and bundled nanotubes than AFM or light scattering methods. In addition, samples can be analyzed with less time and operator attention than by AFM. LAND is a promising alternative method for characterizing length distributions of SWCNTs in liquid suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Streit
- Department of Chemistry and Richard E Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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11
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Withey PA, Vemuru VSM, Bachilo SM, Nagarajaiah S, Weisman RB. Strain paint: noncontact strain measurement using single-walled carbon nanotube composite coatings. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:3497-3500. [PMID: 22694748 DOI: 10.1021/nl301008m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Composite coatings have been developed that reveal strains in underlying structural elements through noncontact optical measurement. Dilute individualized single-walled carbon nanotubes are embedded in a polymeric host and applied to form a thin coating. Strain in the substrate is transmitted through the polymer to the nanotubes, causing systematic and predictable spectral shifts of the nanotube near-infrared fluorescence peaks. This new method allows quick and precise strain measurements at any position and along any direction of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Withey
- Department of Physics, University of Houston - Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77058, United States
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12
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Saha A, Ghosh S, Weisman RB, Martí AA. Films of bare single-walled carbon nanotubes from superacids with tailored electronic and photoluminescence properties. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5727-5734. [PMID: 22681339 DOI: 10.1021/nn302092b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in fabricating macroscopic devices requires addressing the challenges of nanotube individualization and organization in the desired functional architectures. Previous success in depositing bare SWCNTs from chlorosulfonic acid onto silicon oxide microporous and mesoporous nanoparticles has motivated this study of their deposition onto fused silica substrates. A facile dip-coating method is reported that produces thin homogeneous films in which the carbon nanotubes are not covered by surfactants or shortened by sonication. Photophysical, electrical, chemical, and morphological properties of these SWCNT films have been characterized. When prepared at low densities, the films exhibit near-IR photoluminescence from individualized SWCNTs, whereas when prepared at high densities the films behave as transparent conductors. Sheet resistance of 471 ohm/sq has been achieved with film transmittance of ∼ 86%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 S. Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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13
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Cherukuri TK, Tsyboulski DA, Weisman RB. Length- and defect-dependent fluorescence efficiencies of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2012; 6:843-850. [PMID: 22128755 DOI: 10.1021/nn2043516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using near-infrared fluorescence videomicroscopy with spectrally selective excitation and imaging, more than 400 individual (10,2) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been studied in unsorted liquid dispersions. For each nanotube, the spatially integrated emission intensity was measured under controlled excitation conditions while its length was found either from direct imaging or from the diffusion coefficient computed by analyzing its Brownian motion trajectory. The studied nanotubes ranged in length from 170 to 5300 nm. For any length, a wide variation in emission intensities was observed. These variations are attributed to differing densities of nanotube imperfections that cause fluorescence quenching. The brightest nanotubes at each length (presumed near-pristine) show total emission nearly proportional to length. This implies a nearly constant fluorescence quantum yield and a constant absorption cross section per carbon atom, validating conventional Beer-Lambert analysis for finding concentrations of SWCNT species. Ensemble-averaged emission is also proportional to length, but at only ca. 40% of the near-pristine values. Further research is needed to investigate the extrinsic effects causing wide variation in quantum yields and assess their implications for SWCNT fluorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya K Cherukuri
- Department of Chemistry and Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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14
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Si R, Wang K, Chen T, Chen Y. Chemometric determination of the length distribution of single walled carbon nanotubes through optical spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 708:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Fagan JA, Bauer BJ, Hobbie EK, Becker ML, Hight Walker AR, Simpson JR, Chun J, Obrzut J, Bajpai V, Phelan FR, Simien D, Huh JY, Migler KB. Carbon nanotubes: measuring dispersion and length. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:338-348. [PMID: 20799292 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Advanced technological uses of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) rely on the production of single length and chirality populations that are currently only available through liquid-phase post processing. The foundation of all of these processing steps is the attainment of individualized nanotube dispersions in solution. An understanding of the colloidal properties of the dispersed SWCNTs can then be used to design appropriate conditions for separations. In many instances nanotube size, particularly length, is especially active in determining the properties achievable in a given population, and, thus, there is a critical need for measurement technologies for both length distribution and effective separation techniques. In this Progress Report, the current state of the art for measuring dispersion and length populations, including separations, is documented, and examples are used to demonstrate the desirability of addressing these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Fagan
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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16
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Chew HB, Moon MW, Lee KR, Kim KS. Compressive dynamic scission of carbon nanotubes under sonication: fracture by atomic ejection. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2010.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that a graphene sheet has an unusual mode of atomic-scale fracture owing to its structural peculiarity, i.e. single sheet of atoms. Unlike conventional bond-breaking tensile fracture, a graphene sheet can be cut by in-plane compression, which is able to eject a row of atoms out-of-plane. Our scale-bridging molecular dynamics simulations and experiments reveal that this compressive atomic-sheet fracture is the critical precursor mechanism of cutting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by sonication. The atomic-sheet fracture typically occurs within 200 fs during the dynamic axial buckling of a SWCNT; the nanotube is loaded by local nanoscale flow drag of water molecules caused by the collapse of a microbubble during sonication. This is on the contrary to common speculations that the nanotubes would be cut in tension, or by high-temperature chemical reactions in ultrasonication processes. The compressive fracture mechanism clarifies previously unexplainable diameter-dependent cutting of the SWCNTs under sonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. B. Chew
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - M.-W. Moon
- Computational Science Center, Interdisciplinary Fusion Technology Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - K. R. Lee
- Computational Science Center, Interdisciplinary Fusion Technology Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - K.-S. Kim
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Silvera-Batista CA, Weinberg P, Butler JE, Ziegler KJ. Long-Term Improvements to Photoluminescence and Dispersion Stability by Flowing SDS-SWNT Suspensions through Microfluidic Channels. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12721-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja903705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Silvera-Batista
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Surface Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Philip Weinberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Surface Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Jason E. Butler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Surface Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Kirk J. Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Surface Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Shaver J, Parra-Vasquez ANG, Hansel S, Portugall O, Mielke CH, von Ortenberg M, Hauge RH, Pasquali M, Kono J. Alignment dynamics of single-walled carbon nanotubes in pulsed ultrahigh magnetic fields. ACS NANO 2009; 3:131-138. [PMID: 19206259 DOI: 10.1021/nn800519n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the dynamic alignment properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) suspensions in pulsed high magnetic fields through linear dichroism spectroscopy. Millisecond-duration pulsed high magnetic fields up to 56 T as well as microsecond-duration pulsed ultrahigh magnetic fields up to 166 T were used. Because of their anisotropic magnetic properties, SWNTs align in an applied magnetic field, and because of their anisotropic optical properties, aligned SWNTs show linear dichroism. The characteristics of their overall alignment depend on several factors, including the viscosity and temperature of the suspending solvent, the degree of anisotropy of nanotube magnetic susceptibilities, the nanotube length distribution, the degree of nanotube bundling, and the strength and duration of the applied magnetic field. To explain our data, we have developed a theoretical model based on the Smoluchowski equation for rigid rods that accurately reproduces the salient features of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Shaver
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Tsyboulski DA, Bakota EL, Witus LS, Rocha JDR, Hartgerink JD, Weisman RB. Self-assembling peptide coatings designed for highly luminescent suspension of single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:17134-40. [PMID: 19053447 PMCID: PMC2639792 DOI: 10.1021/ja807224x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of self-assembling multidomain peptides have been designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to individually suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in water while preserving strong near-IR nanotube luminescence. Photometric and spectral measurements on individual SWCNTs revealed that emission in the common biocompatible coating agents Pluronic F127, ss-DNA, and BSA is approximately an order of magnitude weaker than in the bioincompatible ionic surfactant SDBS. By contrast, one of the engineered peptides gave SWCNT emission approximately 40% as intense as in SDBS. A strong inverse correlation was also found between the spectral line widths of coated SWCNTs and the efficiency of their emission. Peptides with rationally designed self-assembly properties appear to be promising coatings that may enable SWCNT optical sensing applications in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri A. Tsyboulski
- Department of Chemistry, R.E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Erica L. Bakota
- Department of Chemistry, R.E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
| | | | | | - Jeffrey D. Hartgerink
- Department of Chemistry, R.E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - R. Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry, R.E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
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