1
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Sharma A, Zhu Y, Spangler EJ, Hoang TB, Laradji M. Highly Ordered Nanoassemblies of Janus Spherocylindrical Nanoparticles Adhering to Lipid Vesicles. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12957-12969. [PMID: 38720633 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a heightened interest in the self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) that is mediated by their adsorption onto lipid membranes. The interplay between the adhesive energy of NPs on a lipid membrane and the membrane's curvature energy causes it to wrap around the NPs. This results in an interesting membrane curvature-mediated interaction, which can lead to the self-assembly of NPs on lipid membranes. Recent studies have demonstrated that Janus spherical NPs, which adhere to lipid vesicles, can self-assemble into well-ordered nanoclusters with various geometries, including a few Platonic solids. The present study explores the additional effect of geometric anisotropy on the self-assembly of Janus NPs on lipid vesicles. Specifically, the current study utilized extensive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the arrangement of Janus spherocylindrical NPs on lipid vesicles. We found that the additional geometric anisotropy significantly expands the range of NPs' self-assemblies on lipid vesicles. The specific geometries of the resulting nanoclusters depend on several factors, including the number of Janus spherocylindrical NPs adhering to the vesicle and their aspect ratio. The lipid membrane-mediated self-assembly of NPs, demonstrated by this work, provides an alternative cost-effective route for fabricating highly engineered nanoclusters in three dimensions. Such structures, with the current wide range of material choices, have great potential for advanced applications, including biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, nanomechanics, and nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abash Sharma
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Eric J Spangler
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Thang B Hoang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Mohamed Laradji
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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2
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Liu L, Tang H, Wang Y. Nanotechnology-Boosted Biomaterials for Osteoarthritis Treatment: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4969-4983. [PMID: 37693887 PMCID: PMC10487746 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s423737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent global health concern, posing a significant and increasing public health challenge worldwide. Recently, nanotechnology-boosted biomaterials have emerged as a highly promising strategy for OA therapy due to their exceptional physicochemical properties and capacity to regulate pathological processes. However, there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the potential therapeutic applications of these biomaterials in the clinical management of diseases, particularly in the treatment of OA. In this comprehensive review, we present an extensive discussion of the current status and future prospects concerning nanotechnology-boosted biomaterials for OA therapy. Initially, we discuss the pathophysiology of OA and the constraints associated with existing treatment modalities. Subsequently, various types of nanomaterials utilized for OA therapy, including nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nanocomposites, are thoroughly discussed and summarized, elucidating their respective advantages and challenges. Furthermore, we analyze recent preclinical and clinical studies that highlight the potential of nanotechnology-boosted biomaterials in OA therapy. Additionally, future research directions in this evolving field are highlighted. By establishing a link between the structural properties of nanotechnology-boosted biomaterials and their therapeutic functions in OA treatment, we aim to foster advances in designing sophisticated nanomaterials for OA, ultimately resulting in improved therapeutic efficacy of OA therapy through translation into clinical setting in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Emergency, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Emergency, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Hu X, Zuo D, Cheng S, Chen S, Liu Y, Bao W, Deng S, Harris SJ, Wan J. Ultrafast materials synthesis and manufacturing techniques for emerging energy and environmental applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1103-1128. [PMID: 36651148 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Energy and environmental issues have attracted increasing attention globally, where sustainability and low-carbon emissions are seriously considered and widely accepted by government officials. In response to this situation, the development of renewable energy and environmental technologies is urgently needed to complement the usage of traditional fossil fuels. While a big part of advancement in these technologies relies on materials innovations, new materials discovery is limited by sluggish conventional materials synthesis methods, greatly hindering the advancement of related technologies. To address this issue, this review introduces and comprehensively summarizes emerging ultrafast materials synthesis methods that could synthesize materials in times as short as nanoseconds, significantly improving research efficiency. We discuss the unique advantages of these methods, followed by how they benefit individual applications for renewable energy and the environment. We also highlight the scalability of ultrafast manufacturing towards their potential industrial utilization. Finally, we provide our perspectives on challenges and opportunities for the future development of ultrafast synthesis and manufacturing technologies. We anticipate that fertile opportunities exist not only for energy and the environment but also for many other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Daxian Zuo
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Shaoru Cheng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Sihui Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sili Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Harris
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
| | - Jiayu Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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4
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Choi D, Lee SJ, Baek D, Kim SO, Shin J, Choi Y, Cho Y, Bang S, Park JY, Lee SH, Park TH, Hong S. Bioelectrical Nose Platform Using Odorant-Binding Protein as a Molecular Transporter Mimicking Human Mucosa for Direct Gas Sensing. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3399-3408. [PMID: 36350699 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, various bioelectronic nose devices based on human receptors were developed for mimicking a human olfactory system. However, such bioelectronic nose devices could operate in an aqueous solution, and it was often very difficult to detect insoluble gas odorants. Here, we report a portable bioelectronic nose platform utilizing a receptor protein-based bioelectronic nose device as a sensor and odorant-binding protein (OBP) as a transporter for insoluble gas molecules in a solution, mimicking the functionality of human mucosa. Our bioelectronic nose platform based on I7 receptor exhibited dose-dependent responses to octanal gas in real time. Furthermore, the bioelectronic platforms with OBP exhibited the sensor sensitivity improved by ∼100% compared with those without OBP. We also demonstrated the detection of odorant gas from real orange juice and found that the electrical responses of the devices with OBP were much larger than those without OBP. Since our bioelectronic nose platform allows us to directly detect gas-phase odorant molecules including a rather insoluble species, it could be a powerful tool for versatile applications and basic research based on a bioelectronic nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmin Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Se June Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Dahee Baek
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - So-Ong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junghyun Shin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoonji Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngtak Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sunwoo Bang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Park
- Department of Electric Vehicle, Doowon University of Technology, Paju 10838, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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5
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Chai Z, Childress A, Busnaina AA. Directed Assembly of Nanomaterials for Making Nanoscale Devices and Structures: Mechanisms and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17641-17686. [PMID: 36269234 PMCID: PMC9706815 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication has been utilized to manufacture one-, two-, and three-dimensional functional nanostructures for applications such as electronics, sensors, and photonic devices. Although conventional silicon-based nanofabrication (top-down approach) has developed into a technique with extremely high precision and integration density, nanofabrication based on directed assembly (bottom-up approach) is attracting more interest recently owing to its low cost and the advantages of additive manufacturing. Directed assembly is a process that utilizes external fields to directly interact with nanoelements (nanoparticles, 2D nanomaterials, nanotubes, nanowires, etc.) and drive the nanoelements to site-selectively assemble in patterned areas on substrates to form functional structures. Directed assembly processes can be divided into four different categories depending on the external fields: electric field-directed assembly, fluidic flow-directed assembly, magnetic field-directed assembly, and optical field-directed assembly. In this review, we summarize recent progress utilizing these four processes and address how these directed assembly processes harness the external fields, the underlying mechanism of how the external fields interact with the nanoelements, and the advantages and drawbacks of utilizing each method. Finally, we discuss applications made using directed assembly and provide a perspective on the future developments and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chai
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Anthony Childress
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Busnaina
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
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6
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Farmakidis N, Swett JL, Youngblood N, Li X, Evangeli C, Aggarwal S, Mol JA, Bhaskaran H. Exploiting rotational asymmetry for sub-50 nm mechanical nanocalligraphy. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:84. [PMID: 34691759 PMCID: PMC8528849 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication has experienced extraordinary progress in the area of lithography-led processes over the last decades, although versatile and adaptable techniques addressing a wide spectrum of materials are still nascent. Scanning probe lithography (SPL) offers the capability to readily pattern sub-100 nm structures on many surfaces; however, the technique does not scale to dense and multi-lengthscale structures. Here, we demonstrate a technique, which we term nanocalligraphy scanning probe lithography (nc-SPL), that overcomes these limitations. Nc-SPL employs an asymmetric tip and exploits its rotational asymmetry to generate structures spanning the micron to nanometer lengthscales through real-time linewidth tuning. Using specialized tip geometries and by precisely controlling the patterning direction, we demonstrate sub-50 nm patterns while simultaneously improving on throughput, tip longevity, and reliability compared to conventional SPL. We further show that nc-SPL can be employed in both positive and negative tone patterning modes, in contrast to conventional SPL. This underlines the potential of this technique for processing sensitive surfaces such as 2D materials, which are prone to tip-induced shear or beam-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Farmakidis
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH UK
| | - Jacob L. Swett
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH UK
| | - Nathan Youngblood
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH UK
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH UK
| | | | - Samarth Aggarwal
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH UK
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH UK
- Department of Physics, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Harish Bhaskaran
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH UK
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7
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Raju D, Mehta UJ, Beedu SR. Biogenic green synthesis of monodispersed gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium) iron nanocomposite material and its application in germination and growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) as a plant model. IET Nanobiotechnol 2016; 10:141-6. [PMID: 27256894 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An eco-friendly green and one-pot synthesis of highly monodispersed iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) by using a natural biopolymer, gum kondagogu (GK) as reducing and capping agent is proposed. The NPs synthesised were characterised by ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. As the concentration of gum and time increases, the intensity of NPs formation increased. The NPs were highly monodispersed with uniform circular shapes of 2-6 nm in size. The formed NPs were crystalline in nature which was confirmed by diffraction analysis. The conversion ratio of Fe ionic form to NPs was 21% which was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Fe is essential for plant growth and development. A study was conducted to examine the effect of these NPs on the growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The radical length and biomass was increased in seeds exposed to Fe NPs than the ions. The uptake of Fe NPs by the sprouts was also quantified by ICP-MS, in which Fe was more in mung bean seeds exposed to NPs. The α-amylase activity was increased in the seeds exposed to NPs. The observed increase in the biomass by Fe NPs and seed germination may facilitate its application in the agriculture as an important cost-effective method for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugyala Raju
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Urmil J Mehta
- Plant Tissue Culture Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sashidhar Rao Beedu
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
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8
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Shuvaev VV, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Targeted endothelial nanomedicine for common acute pathological conditions. J Control Release 2015; 219:576-595. [PMID: 26435455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium, a thin monolayer of specialized cells lining the lumen of blood vessels is the key regulatory interface between blood and tissues. Endothelial abnormalities are implicated in many diseases, including common acute conditions with high morbidity and mortality lacking therapy, in part because drugs and drug carriers have no natural endothelial affinity. Precise endothelial drug delivery may improve management of these conditions. Using ligands of molecules exposed to the bloodstream on the endothelial surface enables design of diverse targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents. Target molecules and binding epitopes must be accessible to drug carriers, carriers must be free of harmful effects, and targeting should provide desirable sub-cellular addressing of the drug cargo. The roster of current candidate target molecules for endothelial nanomedicine includes peptidases and other enzymes, cell adhesion molecules and integrins, localized in different domains of the endothelial plasmalemma and differentially distributed throughout the vasculature. Endowing carriers with an affinity to specific endothelial epitopes enables an unprecedented level of precision of control of drug delivery: binding to selected endothelial cell phenotypes, cellular addressing and duration of therapeutic effects. Features of nanocarrier design such as choice of epitope and ligand control delivery and effect of targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents. Pathological factors modulate endothelial targeting and uptake of nanocarriers. Selection of optimal binding sites and design features of nanocarriers are key controllable factors that can be iteratively engineered based on their performance from in vitro to pre-clinical in vivo experimental models. Targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other therapeutic effects unattainable by non-targeted counterparts in animal models of common acute severe human disease conditions. The results of animal studies provide the basis for the challenging translation endothelial nanomedicine into the clinical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Onses MS, Sutanto E, Ferreira PM, Alleyne AG, Rogers JA. Mechanisms, Capabilities, and Applications of High-Resolution Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4237-4266. [PMID: 26122917 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of techniques used for high-resolution jet printing that rely on electrohydrodynamically induced flows. Such methods enable the direct, additive patterning of materials with a resolution that can extend below 100 nm to provide unique opportunities not only in scientific studies but also in a range of applications that includes printed electronics, tissue engineering, and photonic and plasmonic devices. Following a brief historical perspective, this review presents descriptions of the underlying processes involved in the formation of liquid cones and jets to establish critical factors in the printing process. Different printing systems that share similar principles are then described, along with key advances that have been made in the last decade. Capabilities in terms of printable materials and levels of resolution are reviewed, with a strong emphasis on areas of potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Erick Sutanto
- The Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Placid M Ferreira
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Andrew G Alleyne
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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10
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Wu J, Yu CH, Li S, Zou B, Liu Y, Zhu X, Guo Y, Xu H, Zhang W, Zhang L, Liu B, Tian D, Huang W, Sheetz MP, Huo F. Parallel near-field photolithography with metal-coated elastomeric masks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1210-1217. [PMID: 25549246 DOI: 10.1021/la504260x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing a cost-effective nanolithography strategy that enables the production of subwavelength features with various shapes over large areas is a long-standing goal in the nanotechnology community. Herein, an inexpensive nanolithographic technique that combines the wafer-scale production capability of photolithography with the subwavelength feature size controllability of near-field photolithography was developed to fabricate centimeter-scale up to wafer-scale sub-100-nm variously shaped nanopatterns on surfaces. The wafer-scale elastomeric trench-based photomasks with subwavelength apertures created at the apexes were compatible with mask aligners, allowing for the production of wafer-scale subwavelength nanopatterns with adjustable feature sizes, shapes, and periodicities. The smallest feature sizes of 50 and 80 nm were achieved on positive tone and negative tone photoresist surfaces, respectively, which could be ascribed to a near-field optical effect. The fabricated centimeter-scale nanopatterns were functionalized to study cell-matrix adhesion and migration. Compared to currently developed nanolithographic methods that approach similar functionalities, this facile nanolithographic strategy combines the merits of low cost, subwavelength feature size, high throughput, and varied feature shapes, making it an affordable approach to be used in academic research for researchers at most institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) and ⊥College of Science, Nanjing Technological University , Nanjing 211816, China
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11
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Xu F, Hou H, Gao Z. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Gold Nanowires with Gemini Surfactants as Directing Agents. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3979-86. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Howard M, Zern BJ, Anselmo AC, Shuvaev VV, Mitragotri S, Muzykantov V. Vascular targeting of nanocarriers: perplexing aspects of the seemingly straightforward paradigm. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4100-32. [PMID: 24787360 PMCID: PMC4046791 DOI: 10.1021/nn500136z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nanomedicine holds promise to find clinical use in many medical areas. Endothelial cells that line the luminal surface of blood vessels represent a key target for treatment of inflammation, ischemia, thrombosis, stroke, and other neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and oncological conditions. In other cases, the endothelium is a barrier for tissue penetration or a victim of adverse effects. Several endothelial surface markers including peptidases (e.g., ACE, APP, and APN) and adhesion molecules (e.g., ICAM-1 and PECAM) have been identified as key targets. Binding of nanocarriers to these molecules enables drug targeting and subsequent penetration into or across the endothelium, offering therapeutic effects that are unattainable by their nontargeted counterparts. We analyze diverse aspects of endothelial nanomedicine including (i) circulation and targeting of carriers with diverse geometries, (ii) multivalent interactions of carrier with endothelium, (iii) anchoring to multiple determinants, (iv) accessibility of binding sites and cellular response to their engagement, (v) role of cell phenotype and microenvironment in targeting, (vi) optimization of targeting by lowering carrier avidity, (vii) endocytosis of multivalent carriers via molecules not implicated in internalization of their ligands, and (viii) modulation of cellular uptake and trafficking by selection of specific epitopes on the target determinant, carrier geometry, and hydrodynamic factors. Refinement of these aspects and improving our understanding of vascular biology and pathology is likely to enable the clinical translation of vascular endothelial targeting of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Howard
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Blaine J. Zern
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aaron C. Anselmo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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13
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Gianotti V, Antonioli D, Sparnacci K, Laus M, Giammaria TJ, Ferrarese Lupi F, Seguini G, Perego M. On the Thermal Stability of PS-b-PMMA Block and P(S-r-MMA) Random Copolymers for Nanopatterning Applications. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401023y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gianotti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’, INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Diego Antonioli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’, INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Katia Sparnacci
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’, INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Michele Laus
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’, INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Seguini
- Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, Via C.
Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy
| | - Michele Perego
- Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, Via C.
Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy
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14
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Mink JE, Hussain MM. Sustainable design of high-performance microsized microbial fuel cell with carbon nanotube anode and air cathode. ACS NANO 2013; 7:6921-6927. [PMID: 23899322 DOI: 10.1021/nn402103q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising alternative energy source that both generates electricity and cleans water. Fueled by liquid wastes such as wastewater or industrial wastes, the microbial fuel cell converts waste into energy. Microsized MFCs are essentially miniature energy harvesters that can be used to power on-chip electronics, lab-on-a-chip devices, and/or sensors. As MFCs are a relatively new technology, microsized MFCs are also an important rapid testing platform for the comparison and introduction of new conditions or materials into macroscale MFCs, especially nanoscale materials that have high potential for enhanced power production. Here we report a 75 μL microsized MFC on silicon using CMOS-compatible processes and employ a novel nanomaterial with exceptional electrochemical properties, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as the on-chip anode. We used this device to compare the usage of the more commonly used but highly expensive anode material gold, as well as a more inexpensive substitute, nickel. This is the first anode material study done using the most sustainably designed microsized MFC to date, which utilizes ambient oxygen as the electron acceptor with an air cathode instead of the chemical ferricyanide and without a membrane. Ferricyanide is unsustainable, as the chemical must be continuously refilled, while using oxygen, naturally found in air, makes the device mobile and is a key step in commercializing this for portable technology such as lab-on-a-chip for point-of-care diagnostics. At 880 mA/m(2) and 19 mW/m(2) the MWCNT anode outperformed the others in both current and power densities with between 6 and 20 times better performance. All devices were run for over 15 days, indicating a stable and high-endurance energy harvester already capable of producing enough power for ultra-low-power electronics and able to consistently power them over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine E Mink
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6300, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Ferrarese Lupi F, Giammaria TJ, Ceresoli M, Seguini G, Sparnacci K, Antonioli D, Gianotti V, Laus M, Perego M. Rapid thermal processing of self-assembling block copolymer thin films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:315601. [PMID: 23851718 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/31/315601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling block copolymers generate nanostructured patterns which are useful for a wide range of applications. In this paper we demonstrate the capability to control the morphology of the self-assembling process of PS-b-PMMA diblock copolymer thin films on unpatterned surfaces by means of fast thermal treatment performed in a rapid thermal processing machine. The methodology involves the use of radiation sources in order to rapidly drive the polymeric film above the glass transition temperature. Highly ordered patterns were obtained for perpendicular-oriented cylindrical and lamellar PS-b-PMMA block copolymers in less than 60 s. This approach offers the unprecedented opportunity to investigate in detail the kinetics of the block copolymer self-assembly during the early stages of the process, providing a much deeper understanding of the chemical and physical phenomena governing these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ferrarese Lupi
- Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, Via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy
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16
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Perego M, Andreozzi A, Vellei A, Ferrarese Lupi F, Seguini G. Collective behavior of block copolymer thin films within periodic topographical structures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:245301. [PMID: 23680847 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/24/245301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We perform a systematic study of the effect of adjacent nanostructures on the confinement of block copolymers (BCP) within pre-patterned trenches in 100 nm thick SiO2 films. Asymmetric PS-b-PMMA BCP with a styrene fraction of 0.71, Mn = 67100 are used. When deposited in the form of thin film, these BCP naturally self-organize upon annealing and form a PS matrix with hexagonally packed PMMA cylinders perpendicularly oriented with respect to the substrate. An accurate study of the confinement of this BCP thin film within isolated trenches is performed as a function of their width (80-260 nm). In this specific configuration the confinement of the BCP thin film within the pre-patterned structures has only been partially achieved. The effect of adjacent trenches on the arrangement of the BCP thin film is investigated using parallel trenches periodically distributed on the surface. The effective confinement of the BCP film is strongly modified by the periodicity of the pre-patterned structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perego
- Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy.
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17
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Khodakovskaya MV, Kim BS, Kim JN, Alimohammadi M, Dervishi E, Mustafa T, Cernigla CE. Carbon nanotubes as plant growth regulators: effects on tomato growth, reproductive system, and soil microbial community. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:115-23. [PMID: 23019062 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can affect plant phenotype and the composition of soil microbiota. Tomato plants grown in soil supplemented with CNTs produce two times more flowers and fruit compared to plants grown in control soil. The effect of carbon nanotubes on microbial community of CNT-treated soil is determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and pyrosequencing analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are the most dominant groups in the microbial community of soil. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are found to increase, whereas Proteobacteria and Verrucomicorbia decrease with increasing concentration of CNTs. The results of comparing diversity indices and species level phylotypes (OTUs) between samples showed that there is not a significant affect on bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya V Khodakovskaya
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
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18
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Yang J, Ichii T, Murase K, Sugimura H, Kondo T, Masuda H. Nanotemplate Prepared by Means of Vacuum Ultraviolet Patterning of Alkylsilane Self-assembled Monolayer on ITO Using a Porous Alumina Mask: Application to the Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Takashi Ichii
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Kuniaki Murase
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University
| | | | | | - Hideki Masuda
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology
- Department of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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19
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Khodakovskaya MV, de Silva K, Biris AS, Dervishi E, Villagarcia H. Carbon nanotubes induce growth enhancement of tobacco cells. ACS NANO 2012; 6:2128-35. [PMID: 22360840 DOI: 10.1021/nn204643g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have shown promise as regulators of seed germination and plant growth. Here, we demonstrate that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have the ability to enhance the growth of tobacco cell culture (55-64% increase over control) in a wide range of concentrations (5-500 μg/mL). Activated carbon (AC) stimulated cell growth (16% increase) only at low concentrations (5 μg/mL) while dramatically inhibited the cellular growth at higher concentrations (100-500 μg/mL). We found a correlation between the activation of cells growth exposed to MWCNTs and the upregulation of genes involved in cell division/cell wall formation and water transport. The expression of the tobacco aquaporin (NtPIP1) gene, as well as production of the NtPIP1 protein, significantly increased in cells exposed to MWCNTs compared to control cells or those exposed to AC. The expression of marker genes for cell division (CycB) and cell wall extension (NtLRX1) was also up-regulated in cells exposed to MWCNTs compared to control cells or those exposed to activated carbon only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya V Khodakovskaya
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, USA.
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20
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Della Pia EA, Elliott M, Jones DD, Macdonald JE. Orientation-dependent electron transport in a single redox protein. ACS NANO 2012; 6:355-361. [PMID: 22088136 DOI: 10.1021/nn2036818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The redox-active protein cytochrome b(562) has been engineered to introduce pairs of thiol groups in the form of cysteine residues at specified sites. Successful STM imaging of the molecules adsorbed on a gold surface indicated that one thiol group controls the orientation of the molecule and that the protein maintains its native form under the experimental conditions. Stable protein-gold STM tip electrical contact was directly observed to form via the second free thiol group in current-voltage and current-distance measurements. Proteins with thiol contacts positioned across the protein's short axis displayed a conductance of (3.48 ± 0.05) × 10(-5)G(0). However proteins with thiol groups placed along the long axis reproducibly yielded two distinct values of (1.95 ± 0.03) × 10(-5)G(0) and (3.57 ± 0.11) × 10(-5)G(0), suggesting that the placement of the asymmetrically located haem within the protein influences electron transfer. In contrast, the unengineered wild-type cytochrome b(562) had conductance values at least 1 order of magnitude less. Here we show that an electron transfer protein engineered to bind gold surfaces can be controllably oriented and electrically contacted to metallic electrodes, a prerequisite for potential integration into electronic circuits.
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21
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Chen A, DePrince AE, Demortière A, Joshi-Imre A, Shevchenko EV, Gray SK, Welp U, Vlasko-Vlasov VK. Self-assembled large Au nanoparticle arrays with regular hot spots for SERS. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2365-2371. [PMID: 21630447 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The cost-effective self-assembly of 80 nm Au nanoparticles (NPs) into large-domain, hexagonally close-packed arrays for high-sensitivity and high-fidelity surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is demonstrated. These arrays exhibit specific optical resonances due to strong interparticle coupling, which are well reproduced by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The gaps between NPs form a regular lattice of hot spots that enable a large amplification of both photoluminescence and Raman signals. At smaller wavelengths the hot spots are extended away from the minimum-gap positions, which allows SERS of larger analytes that do not fit into small gaps. Using CdSe quantum dots (QDs) a 3-5 times larger photoluminescence enhancement than previously reported is experimentally demonstrated and an unambiguous estimate of the electromagnetic SERS enhancement factor of ≈10(4) is obtained by direct scanning electron microscopy imaging of QDs responsible for the Raman signal. Much stronger enhancement of ≈10(8) is obtained at larger wavelengths for benzenethiol molecules penetrating the NP gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Chen
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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22
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Alimohammadi M, Xu Y, Wang D, Biris AS, Khodakovskaya MV. Physiological responses induced in tomato plants by a two-component nanostructural system composed of carbon nanotubes conjugated with quantum dots and its in vivo multimodal detection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:295101. [PMID: 21673379 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/29/295101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant seedlings were exposed to single-walled carbon nanotube-quantum dot conjugates (SWCNT-QD) mixed in the growth medium in order to understand the interactions between these multicomponent nanosystems and plants. A combination of fluorescent and Raman-scattering 2D mapping analysis was used to clearly monitor the presence of the SWCNT-QD conjugates in various parts of the tomato seedlings. We found that the addition of QDs to SWCNTs dramatically changed the biological viability of the tomato plants by significantly accelerating leaf senescence and inhibiting root formation. Although the exposure of SWCNTs only to the plants induced positive effects, the chlorophyll content decreased by 1.5-fold in leaves, and the total weight of the root system decreased four times for the tomato plants exposed to SWCNT-QDs (50 µg ml(-1)) compared to plants grown on regular medium as controls. Our results clearly indicate that the exposure of plants to multicomponent nanomaterials is highly influenced by the presence and bioactivity of each component, individually. Such studies could be the foundation for understanding how complex nanosized systems affect the activity of various biological systems with a major impact on ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alimohammadi
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
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23
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Deng S, Zhang Y, Brozena AH, Mayes ML, Banerjee P, Chiou WA, Rubloff GW, Schatz GC, Wang Y. Confined propagation of covalent chemical reactions on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2011; 2:382. [PMID: 21750536 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent chemistry typically occurs randomly on the graphene lattice of a carbon nanotube because electrons are delocalized over thousands of atomic sites, and rapidly destroys the electrical and optical properties of the nanotube. Here we show that the Billups-Birch reductive alkylation, a variant of the nearly century-old Birch reduction, occurs on single-walled carbon nanotubes by defect activation and propagates exclusively from sp(3) defect sites, with an estimated probability more than 1,300 times higher than otherwise random bonding to the 'π-electron sea'. This mechanism quickly leads to confinement of the reaction fronts in the tubular direction. The confinement gives rise to a series of interesting phenomena, including clustered distributions of the functional groups and a constant propagation rate of 18 ± 6 nm per reaction cycle that allows straightforward control of the spatial pattern of functional groups on the nanometre length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunliu Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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24
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Hohman JN, Kim M, Bednar HR, Lawrence JA, McClanahan PD, Weiss PS. Simple, robust molecular self-assembly on germanium. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Yarden TS, Joselevich E. "Drawing with nanotubes": creating nanowires with complex geometries by pulsed electrodeposition on self-organized carbon nanotube patterns. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:4742-4749. [PMID: 20957987 DOI: 10.1021/nl103270s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach for the creation of nanowires with well-defined complex geometries by electrodeposition onto self-organized single-walled carbon nanotubes. The concept is demonstrated by generation of continuous Au nanowires with various geometries, including parallel arrays, serpentines, and coils. The generality of this approach is further illustrated by synthesizing Bi(2)Te(3) nanowires. Our concept of "drawing with nanotubes" offers to combine different material properties with complex geometries on the route to new functional nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohar S Yarden
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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26
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Chanda N, Shukla R, Zambre A, Mekapothula S, Kulkarni RR, Katti K, Bhattacharyya K, Fent GM, Casteel SW, Boote EJ, Viator JA, Upendran A, Kannan R, Katti KV. An Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles Using Cinnamon Phytochemicals for Phantom CT Imaging and Photoacoustic Detection of Cancerous Cells. Pharm Res 2010; 28:279-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Voorthuijzen WP, Yilmaz MD, Gomez-Casado A, Jonkheijm P, van der Wiel WG, Huskens J. Direct patterning of covalent organic monolayers on silicon using nanoimprint lithography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:14210-14215. [PMID: 20695632 DOI: 10.1021/la101445n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two fabrication schemes are reported for the direct patterning of organic monolayers on oxide-free silicon, combining top-down nanoimprint lithography and bottom-up monolayer formation. The first approach was designed to form monolayer patterns on the imprinted areas, while the second approach was designed for monolayer formation outside of the imprinted features. By both approaches, covalently bonded Si-C monolayer patterns with feature sizes ranging from 100 nm to 100 microm were created via a hydrosilylation procedure using diluted reagents. Both unfunctionalized and omega-functionalized alkenes were patterned successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pim Voorthuijzen
- Molecular Nanofabrication group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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28
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Hassanien R, Al-Hinai M, Farha Al-Said SA, Little R, Siller L, Wright NG, Houlton A, Horrocks BR. Preparation and characterization of conductive and photoluminescent DNA-templated polyindole nanowires. ACS NANO 2010; 4:2149-59. [PMID: 20218665 DOI: 10.1021/nn9014533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyindole (PIn) nanowires were formed on a lambda-DNA template by chemical oxidation of indole using aqueous FeCl3. The resulting nanowires are smooth, regular, conductive and had diameters in the range of 5-30 nm. These features allow them to be aligned by molecular combing and studied by scanned conductance microscopy, conductive AFM, and two-terminal I-V measurements. Using this combination of measurements, we find that the conductivity of PIn/DNA nanowires is between 2.5 and 40 S cm(-1) at room temperature, which is substantially greater than that in previous reports on the bulk polyindole conductivity (typically 10(-2)-10(-1) S cm(-1)). The conductance at zero bias shows an Arrhenius-type of dependence on temperature over the range of 233 to 373 K, and the values observed upon heating and cooling are repeatable within 5%; this behavior is consistent with a hopping mechanism of conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Hassanien
- Chemical Nanoscience Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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29
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Rosa LG, Liang J. Atomic force microscope nanolithography: dip-pen, nanoshaving, nanografting, tapping mode, electrochemical and thermal nanolithography. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:483001. [PMID: 21832507 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/48/483001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely employed as a nanoscopic lithography technique. In this review, we summarize the current state of research in this field. We introduce the various forms of the technique, such as nanoshaving, nanografting and dip-pen nanolithography, which we classify according to the different interactions between the AFM probe and the substrate during the nanolithography fabrication process. Mechanical force, applied by the tip to the substrate, is the variable that can be controlled with good precision in AFM and it has been utilized in patterning self-assembled monolayers. In such applications, the AFM tip can break some relatively weak chemical bonds inside the monolayer. In general, the state of the art for AFM nanolithography demonstrates the power, resolution and versatility of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Rosa
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, 100 Road 908 CUH Station, Humacao, PR 00791, USA. The Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Facundo Bueso Building, Rio Piedras, PR 00931, USA
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30
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Gillmor SD, Heetderks JJ, Weiss PS. Temperature-Dependent Vesicle Response to Surface Topography. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11490-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Gillmor
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, 725 21st Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20052, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300
| | - Julia J. Heetderks
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, 725 21st Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20052, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, 725 21st Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20052, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300
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31
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Abstract
Big-picture views of nanostructures and their interactions with the surrounding world will be critical if we are going to scale up production to make nanostructures and nanosystems as ubiquitous as many of us anticipate.
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32
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Mirkin C. A conversation with Prof. Chad Mirkin: nanomaterials architect. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1310-1317. [PMID: 19545166 DOI: 10.1021/nn900583s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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33
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Weiss PS, Lewis PA. Different and more powerful, not just smaller, faster, cheaper. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1039-1040. [PMID: 19845362 DOI: 10.1021/nn900455t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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