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Wang Y, Zhang A, Li Q, Liu C. Modulating pancreatic cancer microenvironment: The efficacy of Huachansu in mouse models via TGF-β/Smad pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117872. [PMID: 38325667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huachansu (HCS) is a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from the dried skin glands of Bufo gargarizans and clinical uses of HCS have been approved in China to treat malignant tumors. The traditional Chinese medicine theory states that HCS relieves patients with cancer by promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. Clinical observation found that local injection of HCS given to pancreatic cancer patients can significantly inhibit tumor progression and assist in enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy. However, the material basis and underlying mechanism have not yet been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the therapeutic potential of HCS for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in in situ transplanted tumor nude mouse model. Furthermore, this study sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its efficacy and assess the impact of HCS on the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. To identify the antitumor effect of HCS in in situ transplanted tumor nude mouse model and determine the Chemopreventive mechanism of HCS on tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS Using the orthotopic transplantation nude mouse model with fluorescently labeled pancreatic cancer cell lines SW1990 and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), we examined the effect of HCS on the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) microenvironment based on the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway. The expression of TGF-β, smad2, smad3, smad4, collagen type-1 genes and proteins in nude mouse model were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS HCS significantly reduced tumor growth rate, increased the survival rate, and ameliorated the histopathological changes in the pancreas. It was found that HCS concentration-dependently reduced the expression of TGF-β1 and collagen type-1 genes and proteins, decreased the expression of Smad2 and Smad3 genes, and downregulated the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3. Additionally, the gene and protein expression of Smad4 were promoted by HCS. Further, the promoting effect gradually enhanced with the rise of HCS concentration. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated HCS could regulate the activity of the TGF-β/Smad pathway in PDAC, improved the microenvironment of PDAC and delayed tumor progression. This study not only indicated that the protective mechanism of HCS on PDAC might be attributed partly to the inhibition of cytokine production and the TGF-β/Smad pathway, but also provided evidence for HCS as a potential medicine for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100105, China.
| | - Arun Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100105, China.
| | - Quanwang Li
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Chuanbo Liu
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
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2
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Lei X, Wang X, Xiong W, Xiao H, Wu Y, Huang T, Liang R, Li Y, Lin S. Cytochrome P450 Mining for Bufadienolide Diversification. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1169-1179. [PMID: 38624108 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Bufadienolides are a class of steroids with a distinctive α-pyrone ring at C17, mostly produced by toads and consisting of over 100 orthologues. They exhibit potent cardiotonic and antitumor activities and are active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu and Cinobufacini. Direct extraction from toads is costly, and chemical synthesis is difficult, limiting the accessibility of active bufadienolides with diverse modifications and trace content. In this work, based on the transcriptome and genome analyses, using a yeast-based screening platform, we obtained eight cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes from toads, which catalyze the hydroxylation of bufalin and resibufogenin at different sites. Moreover, a reported fungal CYP enzyme Sth10 was found functioning in the modification of bufalin and resibufogenin at multiple sites. A total of 15 bufadienolides were produced and structurally identified, of which six were first discovered. All of the compounds were effective in inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, especially 19-hydroxy-bufalin (2) and 1β-hydroxy-bufalin (3), which were generated from bufalin hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP46A35. The catalytic efficiency of CYP46A35 was improved about six times and its substrate diversity was expanded to progesterone and testosterone, the common precursors for steroid drugs, achieving their efficient and site-specific hydroxylation. These findings elucidate the key modification process in the synthesis of bufadienolides by toads and provide an effective way for the synthesis of unavailable bufadienolides with site-specific modification and active potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiliang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingchun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rubing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Sun M, Huang D, Liu Y, Chen H, Yu H, Zhang G, Chen Q, Chen H, Zhang J. Effects of Cinobufagin on the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of H1299 Lung Cancer Cells. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200961. [PMID: 36522286 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cinobufagin (CB), with its steroidal nucleus structure, is one of the major, biologically active components of Chan Su. Recent studies have shown that CB exerts inhibitory effects against numerous cancer cells. However, the effects of CB regarding the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the involved mechanisms need to be further studied. The purpose of the present study aimed to report the inhibitory function of CB against proliferation and metastasis of H1299 cells. CB inhibited proliferation of H1299 lung cancer cells with an IC50 value of 0.035±0.008 μM according to the results of MTT assays. Antiproliferative activity was also observed in colony forming cell assays. In addition, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) retention assays revealed that CB significantly inhibited the rate of DNA synthesis in H1299 cells. Moreover, results of the scratch wound healing assays and transwell migration assays displayed that CB exhibited significant inhibition against migration and invasion of H1299 cells. Furthermore, CB could concentration-dependently reduce the expression of integrin α2, β-catenin, FAK, Src, c-Myc, and STAT3 in H1299 cells. These western blotting results indicated that CB might target integrin α2, β-catenin, FAK and Src to suppress invasion and migration of NSCLC, which was consistent with the network pharmacology analysis results. Collectively, findings of the current study suggest that CB possesses promising activity against NSCLC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.,Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifang Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qilei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
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González JA, Griffith E, Chen-Camaño R, Henao-Martínez AF, Franco-Paredes C, Ortega Y, Pinto D, Suárez Sancho JA. Severe cutaneous reaction caused by rubbing the toad Rinella horribilis as a folk remedy in rural Panama. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 52:102539. [PMID: 36596402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Anel González
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Irma De Lourdes Tzanetatos Memorial Hospital, Social Security System, Panama City, Panama
| | - Edgardo Griffith
- El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center Foundation, El Valle de Anton, Cocle, Panama
| | - Roderick Chen-Camaño
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Andrés F Henao-Martínez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora-Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico; and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Yahir Ortega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Irma De Lourdes Tzanetatos Memorial Hospital, Social Security System, Panama City, Panama
| | - Douglas Pinto
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cytology, Irma De Lourdes Tzanetatos Memorial Hospital, Social Security System, Panama City, Panama
| | - José Antonio Suárez Sancho
- Clinical Research Unit, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama; National Researcher II, National Research System, National Secretaria for Science, Technology and Innovation, Panama City, Panama.
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5
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Fukuda M, Ujiie R, Inoue T, Chen Q, Cao C, Ding L, Mori N, Mori A. Do predators prefer toxic animals? A case of chemical discrimination by an Asian snake that sequesters firefly toxins. Curr Zool 2022; 68:627-634. [PMID: 36743225 PMCID: PMC9892790 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Asian natricine snakes of the genus Rhabdophis feed on toads and sequester steroidal cardiac toxins known as bufadienolides (BDs) from them. A recent study revealed that species of the Rhabdophis nuchalis Group ingest lampyrine fireflies to sequester BDs. Although several species of fireflies are distributed in the habitat of the R. nuchalis Group, only lampyrine fireflies, which have BDs, are included in the diet of these snakes. Thus, we hypothesized that the R. nuchalis Group chemically distinguishes fireflies that have BDs from those that do not have BDs. We also predicted that the R. nuchalis Group detects BDs as the chemical cue of toxin source. To test these predictions, we conducted 3 behavioral experiments using Rhabdophis chiwen, which belongs to the R. nuchalis Group. In the first experiment, R. chiwen showed a moderate tongue flicking response to cinobufagin, a compound of BDs. On the other hand, the snake showed a higher response to the chemical stimuli of lampyrine fireflies (BD fireflies) than those of lucioline fireflies (non-BD fireflies). In the second experiment, in which we provided live BD and non-BD fireflies, the snake voluntarily consumed only the former. In the third, a Y-maze experiment, the snake tended to select the chemical trail of BD fireflies more frequently than that of non-BD fireflies. These results demonstrated that R. chiwen discriminates BD fireflies from non-BD fireflies, but the prediction that BDs are involved in this discrimination was not fully supported. To identify the proximate mechanisms of the recognition of novel toxic prey in the R. nuchalis Group, further investigation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Fukuda
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Rinako Ujiie
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takato Inoue
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Qin Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chengquan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, China
| | - Li Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Mori
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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6
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Zou D, Wang Q, Chen T, Sang D, Yang T, Wang Y, Gao M, He F, Li Y, He L, Longzhu D. Bufadienolides originated from toad source and their anti-inflammatory activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1044027. [PMID: 36339575 PMCID: PMC9627299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1044027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bufadienolide, an essential member of the C-24 steroid family, is characterized by an α-pyrone positioned at C-17. As the predominantly active constituent in traditional Chinese medicine of Chansu, bufadienolide has been prescribed in the treatment of numerous ailments. It is a specifically potent inhibitor of Na+/K+ ATPase with excellent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the severe side effects triggered by unbiased inhibition of the whole-body cells distributed α1-subtype of Na+/K+ ATPase, restrict its future applicability. Thus, researchers have paved the road for the structural alteration of desirable bufadienolide derivatives with minimal adverse effects via biotransformation. In this review, we give priority to the present evidence for structural diversity, MS fragmentation principles, anti-inflammatory efficacy, and structure modification of bufadienolides derived from toads to offer a scientific foundation for future in-depth investigations and views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denglang Zou
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Duocheng Sang
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Tingqin Yang
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Mengze Gao
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Fangfang He
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Liangliang He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duojie Longzhu
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
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7
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Jia J, Li J, Zheng Q, Li D. A research update on the antitumor effects of active components of Chinese medicine ChanSu. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1014637. [PMID: 36237327 PMCID: PMC9552564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1014637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical data show that the incidence and mortality rates of cancer are rising continuously, and cancer has become an ongoing public health challenge worldwide. Excitingly, the extensive clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine may suggest a new direction to combat cancer, and the therapeutic effects of active ingredients from Chinese herbal medicine on cancer are now being widely studied in the medical community. As a traditional anticancer Chinese medicine, ChanSu has been clinically applied since the 1980s and has achieved excellent antitumor efficacy. Meanwhile, the ChanSu active components (e.g., telocinobufagin, bufotalin, bufalin, cinobufotalin, and cinobufagin) exert great antitumor activity in many cancers, such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Many pharmaceutical scientists have investigated the anticancer mechanisms of ChanSu or the ChanSu active components and obtained certain research progress. This article reviews the research progress and antitumor mechanisms of ChanSu active components and proposes that multiple active components of ChanSu may be potential anticancer drugs.
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8
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Li G, An T, Li Y, Yue J, Huang R, Huang J, Liang J, Yao W, Huang L, Chen Y, Zhang R, Ji A, Duan L. Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of the Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage Enzyme BbgCYP11A1 From Bufo bufo gargarizans. Front Genet 2022; 13:828877. [PMID: 35480310 PMCID: PMC9037069 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.828877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor are precious medicinal animals in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Bufadienolides as the major pharmacological components are generated from the venomous glands of B. bufo gargarizans. Bufadienolides are one type of cardiac aglycone with a six-member lactone ring and have properties of antitumor, cardiotonic, tonsillitis, and anti-inflammatory. The biosynthesis of bufadienolides is complex and unclear. This study explored the transcriptome of three different tissues (skin glands, venom glands, and muscles) of B. bufo gargarizans by high-throughput sequencing. According to the gene tissue–specific expression profile, 389 candidate genes were predicted possibly participating in the bufadienolides biosynthesis pathway. Then, BbgCYP11A1 was identified as a cholesterol side chain cleaving the enzyme in engineering yeast producing cholesterol. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of BbgCYP11A1 was studied with various redox partners. Interestingly, a plant NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) from Anemarrhena asphodeloides showed notably higher production than BbgAdx-2A-BbgAdR from B. bufo gargarizans. These results will provide certainly molecular research to reveal the bufadienolides biosynthesis pathway in B. bufo gargarizans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyue An
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yanta, China
| | - Yu Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyang Yue
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoshi Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincai Liang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liufang Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yidu Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijia Ji
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Duan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Nyamboki DK, Bedane KG, Hassan K, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Spiteller M, Matasyoh JC. Cytotoxic Compounds from the Stem Bark of Two subsp. of Bersama abyssinica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1453-1458. [PMID: 33974421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three new bufadienolides, namely, paulliniogenin A (1), paulliniogenin B (2), and 16β-formyloxybersamagenin 1,3,5-orthoacetate (3), together with two known bufadienolides and six known phenolic substances, were isolated from the stem bark of Bersama abyssinica subsp. abyssinica and B. abyssinica subsp. paullinioides. The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on their NMR and HRMS data analyses. The relative configurations were defined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and NOESY correlations. Cytotoxicity against the L929 and KB3.1 cancer cell lines of the isolated compounds was investigated using an MTT assay. Paulliniogenin A (1) and 16β-hydroxybersamagenin-1,3,5-orthoacetate (4) showed cytotoxicity against the KB3.1 cell line with IC50 values of 1.4 ± 0.77 and 1.6 ± 0.81 μM, respectively. Moreover, paulliniogenin A (1) and paulliniogenin B (2) demonstrated weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divinah K Nyamboki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, 20115 Egerton, Kenya
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kibrom G Bedane
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 33658, 1230 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Khadija Hassan
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Josphat C Matasyoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, 20115 Egerton, Kenya
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10
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Li FJ, Hu JH, Ren X, Zhou CM, Liu Q, Zhang YQ. Toad venom: A comprehensive review of chemical constituents, anticancer activities, and mechanisms. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100060. [PMID: 33887066 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Toad venom, a traditional natural medicine, has been used for hundreds of years in China for treating different diseases. Many studies have been performed to elucidate the cardiotonic and analgesic activities of toad venom. Until the last decade, an increasing number of studies have documented that toad venom is a source of lead compound(s) for the development of potential cancer treatment drugs. Research has shown that toad venom contains 96 types of bufadienolide monomers and 23 types of indole alkaloids, such as bufalin, cinobufagin, arenobufagin, and resibufogenin, which exhibit a wide range of anticancer activities in vitro and, in particular, in vivo for a range of cancers. The main antitumor mechanisms are likely to be apoptosis or/and autophagy induction, cell cycle arrest, cell metastasis suppression, reversal of drug resistance, or growth inhibition of cancer cells. This review summarizes the chemical constituents of toad venom, analyzing their anticancer activities and molecular mechanisms for cancer treatments. We also outline the importance of further studies regarding the material basis and anticancer mechanisms of toad venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Hong Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng-Mei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yong-Qing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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11
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Langat L, Langat MK, Wetschnig W, Knirsch W, Mulholland DA. Antiproliferative Bufadienolides from the Bulbs of Drimia altissima. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:608-615. [PMID: 33478223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bulbs of the South African Drimia altissima (Asparagaceae or Hyacinthaceae sensu APGII) have yielded a range of previously undescribed bufadienolides, drimianins A-G (1-7), the known bufadienolides bovogenin A (8), 3β-O-β-d-glucopyranosylbovogenin A (9), scillaren F (10), and altoside (11), the known homoisoflavonoid (3S)-3-(4'-methoxybenzyl)-5,6,7-trimethoxychroman-4-one (urgineanin C), the sesquiterpenoids 1β,6α-dihydroxy-4(15)-eudesmene and 6α-hydroxy-4(15)-eudesmen-1-one, polybotrin, adenosine, and 9R-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid ethyl ester. The bufadienolides isolated were tested at 10 μM in the NCI-60 cancer cell screen, and nine of these were selected for further screening at five concentrations. Drimianins C (3) and E (5) showed activity at the nanomolar level against a number of human cancer cell lines in the NCI-60 screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Langat
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Moses K Langat
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | | | - Walter Knirsch
- Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dulcie A Mulholland
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
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12
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Filho EDSM, Chaves MH, Ferreira PMP, Pessoa C, Lima DJB, Maranhão SSA, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Vieira Júnior GM. Cytotoxicity potential of chemical constituents isolated and derivatised from Rhinella marina venom. Toxicon 2021; 194:37-43. [PMID: 33610630 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical compounds from skin secretions from toads of Bufonidae family have been long-studied. In the search for new molecules with pharmacological action, the 3β-OH groups of bufadienolides are commonly derivatised using acetyl groups. This work described the isolation and/or structural elucidation of isolated and derivatised compounds from the venom of the Brazilian anuran Rhinella marina, and their evaluation in in vitro assays. In the methanolic extract of the R. marina venom, compound cholesterol (1) was isolated from the CRV-52 fraction by classic column chromatography, dehydrobufotenine (2) by Sephadex LH-20 from the CRV-28 fraction, and a mix of suberoyl arginine (3) and compound 2 was obtained from the CRV-6-33 fraction. The compounds marinobufagin (4), telocionbufagin (5) and bufalin (6) were isolated by classic column chromatography, followed by separation via HPLC in the CRV-70 fraction, and the compound marinobufotoxin (9) was isolated by classic column chromatography in the CRV-6 fraction, here being isolated for the first time in R. marina specimens. Compounds 4 and 5 were submitted for acetylation with acetic anhydride, in the presence of pyridine and 4-dimethyilaminopiridine (DMAP), in order to obtain the compounds 3-acetyl-marinobufagin (7) and 3-acetyl-telocinobufogin (8). The isolated and derivatised compounds were identified by 1H and 13C NMR, and their molecular mass confirmed by mass spectrometry. All compounds (except 1 and 3) were tested in cytotoxic assays by the MTT method and presented cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines, as well as against non-tumoral human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells. With the exception of compound 2, all molecules presented IC50 values < 4 μM, and none caused hemolysis of human erythrocytes, demonstrating a promising cytotoxic potential of natural and chemically-modified bufadienolides. This study presents a detailed contribution of bioactive chemicals from Brazilian Amazon Rhinella species, and indicates promising areas for further studies and pharmaceutical investments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daisy Jereissati Barbosa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sarah Sant' Anna Maranhão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- Institute of Natural, Humanities and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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13
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Bunthawong R, Sirion U, Chairoungdua A, Suksen K, Piyachaturawat P, Suksamrarn A, Saeeng R. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 7-acetoxy-12-amino-14-deoxy andrographolide analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 33:127741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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The Parotoid Gland Secretion from Peruvian Toad Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833): Chemical Composition and Effect on the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090608. [PMID: 32971938 PMCID: PMC7551750 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Rhinella sp. toads produce bioactive substances, some species have been used in traditional medicine and magical practices by ancient cultures in Peru. During several decades, the Rhinella horribilis toad was confused with the invasive toad Rhinella marina, a species documented with extensive toxinological studies. In contrast, the chemical composition and biological effects of the parotoid gland secretions (PGS) remain still unknown for R. horribilis. In this work, we determine for the first time 55 compounds from the PGS of R. horribilis, which were identified using HPLC-MS/MS. The crude extract inhibited the proliferation of A549 cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.031 ± 0.007 and 0.015 ± 0.001 µg/mL at 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Moreover, it inhibited the clonogenic capacity, increased ROS levels, and prevented the etoposide-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the effect of R. horribilis poison secretion was by cell cycle blocking before of G2/M-phase checkpoint. Fraction B was the most active and strongly inhibited cancer cell migration. Our results indicate that the PGS of R. horribilis are composed of alkaloids, bufadienolides, and argininyl diacids derivatives, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of A549 cells.
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15
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Bedane KG, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Seo EJ, Efferth T, Spiteller M. Cytotoxic bufadienolides from the leaves of a medicinal plant Melianthus comosus collected in South Africa. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104102. [PMID: 32721779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
From the leaves of South African medicinal plant Melianthus comosus, four previously undescribed bufadienolides, 16β-formyloxymelianthugenin (1), 2β-acetoxymelianthusigenin (2), 2β-hydroxy-3β,5β-di-O-acetylhellebrigenin (3), and 2β-acetoxy-5β-O-acetylhellebrigenin (4) were isolated together with two known bufadienolides. The structural elucidation of the compounds was based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and other spectroscopic methods. The relative configurations were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography analysis and NOESY correlations. The isolated compounds displayed strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells. Compound 1 showed the most potent activity, with IC50 values of 0.07 μM towards CCRF-CEM, 0.06 μM towards CEM/ADR5000 and 0.36 μM towards MCF-7 followed by compound 4 with IC50 values of 0.13 μM towards CCRF-CEM, 0.08 μM towards CEM/ADR5000 and 0.53 μM towards MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibrom Gebreheiwot Bedane
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 33658, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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16
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Bedane KG, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Seo EJ, Efferth T, Spiteller M. Cytotoxic Bufadienolides from the Leaves of Melianthus major. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2122-2128. [PMID: 32663024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melianthus major is a medicinal plant endemic to South Africa. Its leaf extract led to the isolation of five new bufadienolides, 2β-acetoxy-3,5-di-O-acetylhellebrigenin (1), 2β-acetoxy-3-O-acetylhellebrigenin (2), 2β-acetoxy-14-deoxy-15β,16β-epoxymelianthugenin (4), 2β-acetoxy-14-deoxy-15β,16β-epoxymelianthusigenin (5), and 2β-hydroxymelianthusigenin (6), and four known analogues. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using NMR and HRESIMS data analyses. The relative configurations were defined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and NOESY correlations. The isolated compounds exhibited strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells. Compound 1 showed the most potent activity, with IC50 values of 0.1 μM toward CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 and 0.3 μM toward MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Michalak K, Rárová L, Kubala M, Štenclová T, Strnad M, Wicha J. Synthesis and evaluation of Na +/K +-ATP-ase inhibiting and cytotoxic in vitro activities of oleandrigenin and its selected 17β-(butenolidyl)- and 17β-(3-furyl)- analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112520. [PMID: 32645647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural cardiac-active principles built upon the 14,16β-dihydroxy-5β,14β-androstane core and bearing a heterocyclic substituent at 17β, in particular, a cardenolide - oleandrin and a bufadienolide - bufotalin, are receiving a great deal of attention as potential anticancer drugs. The densely substituted and sterically shielded ring D is the particular structural feature of these compounds. The first synthesis of oleandrigenin from easily available steroid starting material is reported here. Furthermore, selected 17β-(4-butenolidyl)- and 17β-(3-furyl)-14,16β-dihydroxy-androstane derivatives were en route synthesized and examined for their Na+/K+-ATP-ase inhibitory properties as well as cytotoxic activities in normal and cancer cell lines. It was found that the furyl-analogue of oleandrigenin/bufatalin (7) and some related 17-(3-furyl)- derivatives (19, 21) show remarkably high Na+/K+-ATP-ase inhibitory activity as well as significant cytotoxicity in vitro. In addition, oleandrigenin 2 compared to derivatives 21 and 25 induced strong apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells after 24 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, CZ-775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kubala
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 41, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Štenclová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, CZ-775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jerzy Wicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Hou J, Long H, Zhang Z, Guo D, Lei M, Wu W. An unexpected reaction of cinobufagin analogues in the presence of PPh3/I2. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Iguchi T, Yokosuka A, Kawahata R, Andou M, Mimaki Y. Bufadienolides from the whole plants of Helleborus foetidus and their cytotoxicity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 172:112277. [PMID: 31991264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two undescribed bufadienolide glucosides and four undescribed bufadienolides were isolated from the whole plants of Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and the results of hydrolytic cleavage. The isolated compounds exhibited cytotoxic activities against HL-60 and A549 cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.019 to 3.0 μM. The isolated compounds also showed the Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitory activity. The undescribed compound 16β-formyloxy-10,14-dihydroxy-5β-[(β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-19-norbufa-3,20,22-trienolide induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells through a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Iguchi
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akihito Yokosuka
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Riko Kawahata
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Madoka Andou
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mimaki
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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20
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Meng L, Li S, Kong Q, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhu X, Yu W, Jiang N, Chun Z, Li N, Liu Y. Two new 19-hydroxy bufadienolides with cytotoxic activity from the skins of Bufo melanosticus. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4894-4900. [PMID: 32202160 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1741582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two new 19-hydroxy bufadienolides, named bufohydrolide A (1) and bufohydrolide B (2), and four known analogs (3-6) were isolated from the aqueous extracts of the skins of Bufo melanosticus. Their structures were established by spectral data analyses, such as UV, IR, 1 D/2D NMR and mass spectra. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against SMMC-7721, HT-29 and A549 cells. Noteworthily, all six isolates exhibited various levels of anti-proliferative activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.02 ± 0.0002 to 25 ± 0.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Meng
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qinghong Kong
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zeli Chun
- Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nian Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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21
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Yoshida T, Ujiie R, Savitzky AH, Jono T, Inoue T, Yoshinaga N, Aburaya S, Aoki W, Takeuchi H, Ding L, Chen Q, Cao C, Tsai TS, Silva AD, Mahaulpatha D, Nguyen TT, Tang Y, Mori N, Mori A. Dramatic dietary shift maintains sequestered toxins in chemically defended snakes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5964-5969. [PMID: 32094167 PMCID: PMC7084117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919065117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other snakes, most species of Rhabdophis possess glands in their dorsal skin, sometimes limited to the neck, known as nucho-dorsal and nuchal glands, respectively. Those glands contain powerful cardiotonic steroids known as bufadienolides, which can be deployed as a defense against predators. Bufadienolides otherwise occur only in toads (Bufonidae) and some fireflies (Lampyrinae), which are known or believed to synthesize the toxins. The ancestral diet of Rhabdophis consists of anuran amphibians, and we have shown previously that the bufadienolide toxins of frog-eating species are sequestered from toads consumed as prey. However, one derived clade, the Rhabdophis nuchalis Group, has shifted its primary diet from frogs to earthworms. Here we confirm that the worm-eating snakes possess bufadienolides in their nucho-dorsal glands, although the worms themselves lack such toxins. In addition, we show that the bufadienolides of R. nuchalis Group species are obtained primarily from fireflies. Although few snakes feed on insects, we document through feeding experiments, chemosensory preference tests, and gut contents that lampyrine firefly larvae are regularly consumed by these snakes. Furthermore, members of the R. nuchalis Group contain compounds that resemble the distinctive bufadienolides of fireflies, but not those of toads, in stereochemistry, glycosylation, acetylation, and molecular weight. Thus, the evolutionary shift in primary prey among members of the R. nuchalis Group has been accompanied by a dramatic shift in the source of the species' sequestered defensive toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yoshida
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rinako Ujiie
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alan H Savitzky
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5305
| | - Teppei Jono
- Laboratory of Ryukyu Island Biogeography, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, 903-0213 Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takato Inoue
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Naoko Yoshinaga
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Aburaya
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Biology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0880 Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Li Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Chengquan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 614000 Sichuan, China
| | - Tein-Shun Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu Township, 91201 Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | - Dharshani Mahaulpatha
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, 10250 Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Tao Thien Nguyen
- Department of Nature Conservation, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Yezhong Tang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Naoki Mori
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Mori
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Zhong Y, Zhao C, Wu WY, Fan TY, Li NG, Chen M, Duan JA, Shi ZH. Total synthesis, chemical modification and structure-activity relationship of bufadienolides. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112038. [PMID: 31945667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bufadienolides are a type of natural cardiac steroids and originally isolated from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Chan'Su, they have been used for the treatment of heart disease in traditional remedies as well as in modern medicinal therapy with potent anti-tumor activities. Due to their unique molecular structures with unsaturated six-membered lactones attached to the steroid core, bufadienolides have received great attention in the synthetic organic community. This review presents total synthetic efforts to some representative bufadienolides, chemical modification of bufadienolides will also be given to discuss their structure-activity relationship in anti-tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue- Zhong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao- Zhao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Yu Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Fan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Min- Chen
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Zhan X, Wu H, Wu H, Wang R, Luo C, Gao B, Chen Z, Li Q. Metabolites from Bufo gargarizans (Cantor, 1842): A review of traditional uses, pharmacological activity, toxicity and quality control. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112178. [PMID: 31445132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bufo gargarizans (Cantor, 1842) (BGC), a traditional medicinal animal distributed in many provinces of China, is well known for the pharmaceutical value of Chansu and Chanpi. As traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), Chansu and Chanpi, with their broad-spectrum of therapeutic applications, have long been applied to detoxification, anti-inflammation, analgesia, etc. OVERARCHING OBJECTIVE: We critically analyzed the current evidence for the traditional uses, chemical profiles, pharmacological activity, toxicity and quality control of BGC (Bufonidae family) to provide a scientific basis for future in-depth studies and perspectives for the discovery of potential drug candidates. METHODOLOGY All of the available information on active constituents and TCMs derived from BGC was obtained using the keywords "Bufo gargarizans", "Chansu", "Chanpi", "Huachansu", or "Cinobufacini" through different electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Wanfang Database, and Pharmacopoeia of China. In addition, Chinese medicine books from different times were used to elucidate the traditional uses of BGC. Electronic databases, including the "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species", "American Museum of Natural History" and "AmphibiaWeb Species Lists", were used to validate the scientific name of BGC. RESULTS To date, about 118 bufadienolide monomers and 11 indole alkaloids have been identified from BGC in total. The extracts and isolated compounds exhibit a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects. The literature search demonstrated that the ethnomedicinal uses of BGC, such as detoxification, anti-inflammation and the ability to reduce swelling and pain associated with infections, are correlated with its modern pharmacological activities, including antitumor, immunomodulation and attenuation of cancer-derived pain. Bufadienolides and indole alkaloids have been regarded as the main active substances in BGC, among which bufadienolides have significant antitumor activity. Furthermore, the cardiotoxicity of bufadienolides was discussed, and the main molecular mechanism involves in the inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase. Besides, with the development of modern analytical techniques, the quality control methods of BGC-derived TCMs are being improved constantly. CONCLUSIONS An increasing number of reports suggest that BGC can be regarded as an excellent source for exploring the potential antitumor constituents. However, the future antitumor research of BGC needs to follow the standard pharmacology guidelines, so as to provide comprehensive pharmacological information and aid the reproducibility of the data. Besides, to ensure the efficacy and safety of BGC-derived TCMs, it is vital to construct a comprehensive quality evaluation model on the basis of clarifying pharmacodynamic-related and toxicity-related compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Scientific Research & Experiment Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Scientific Research & Experiment Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Anhui China Resources Jin Chan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, China.
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Anhui China Resources Jin Chan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Chuan Luo
- Anhui China Resources Jin Chan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Anhui China Resources Jin Chan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Scientific Research & Experiment Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Anhui China Resources Jin Chan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, China.
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Liu Y, Jiang Q, Liu X, Lin X, Tang Z, Liu C, Zhou J, Zhao M, Li X, Cheng Z, Li L, Xie Y, Liu Z, Fang W. Cinobufotalin powerfully reversed EBV-miR-BART22-induced cisplatin resistance via stimulating MAP2K4 to antagonize non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA/glycogen synthase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:386-404. [PMID: 31594754 PMCID: PMC6838365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related tumor. The role of EBV-encoding miR-BART22 is still unclear in NPC. This study aimed to identify the detailed mechanisms by which EBV-miR-BART22 functions as a tumor-promoting factor and evaluate the action of cinobufotalin in treating EBV-miR-BART22-overexpressing NPC cells. Methods Using real-time PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and In situ hybridization, we detected the expression of miR-BART22 and MAP2K4 in tissues and cells, as well as evaluated their clinical relevance in NPC patients. The effects of miR-BART22 on cell metastasis, stemness and DDP chemoresistance were examined by sphere formation assay, side population analysis, transwell, boyden, in vivo xenograft tumor mouse model et al. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, luciferase reporter assay, ChIP, EMSA and Co-IP assay et al. were performed to explore the detailed molecular mechanism of EBV-miR-BART22 in NPC. Finally, we estimated the effects and molecular basis of Cinobufotalin on EBV-miR-BART22-overexpressing NPC cells in vitro and in vivo assays. Findings We observed that EBV-miR-BART22 not only promoted tumor stemness and metastasis, but also enhanced the resistance to Cisplatin (DDP) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic analysis indicated that EBV-miR-BART22 directly targeted the MAP2K4 and upregulated non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (MYH9) expression by PI3K/AKT/c-Jun-induced transcription. Further, MYH9 interacted with glycogen synthase 3β(GSK3β) protein and induced its ubiquitin degradation by activating PI3K/AKT/c-Jun-induced ubiquitin transcription and the latter combined with increased TRAF6 E3 ligase, which further bound to GSK3β protein. Reductions in the GSK3β protein thus promoted β-catenin expression and nuclear translocation, which induced tumor stemness and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signals. Furthermore, we observed that cinobufotalin, a new chemically synthesized compound, significantly suppressed EBV-miR-BART22-induced DDP chemoresistance by upregulating MAP2K4 to suppress MYH9/GSK3β/β-catenin and its downstream tumor stemness and EMT signals in NPC. Finally, clinical data revealed that increased miR-BART22 and reduced MAP2K4 expression caused the poor prognoses of NPC patients. Interpretation Our study provides a novel mechanism that cinobufotalin reversed the DDP chemoresistance and EMT induced by EBV-miR-BART22 in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Jiang
- Cancer Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Cancer Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Lin
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZiBo Tang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libo Li
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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A high-efficiency strategy integrating offline two-dimensional separation and data post-processing with dereplication: Characterization of bufadienolides in Venenum Bufonis as a case study. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:179-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Wei WL, Hou JJ, Wang X, Yu Y, Li HJ, Li ZW, Feng ZJ, Qu H, Wu WY, Guo DA. Venenum bufonis: An overview of its traditional use, natural product chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:215-235. [PMID: 30905791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The animal medicine of Venenum Bufonis (VB), a product of the secretions of Bufo gargarizans Cantor or B. melanostictus Schneider, has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of sunstroke and faint, acute filthy disease - abdominal pain or vomiting and diarrhea, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review is aimed at providing the comprehensive and up-to-date information of VB as regards its ethnopharmacological uses, constituents and their metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology and toxicology, all of which could be used as fundamental data for future research as well as development of new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information and data about the studies of VB were collected from scientific journals, material medica, historical documents, library, and electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Researchgate, Web of Science and CNKI). RESULTS To date, about 142 bufadienolides and 16 indole alkaloids have been isolated from VB in total. The extract and isolated compounds showed a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects, such as cardiotonic, anti-tumor, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and antimicrobial activities. Especially, bufadienolides have been extensively studied due to its powerful anti-tumor activities against various cancer cells. Furthermore, their metabolites and metabolic pathways were concluded in detail, and the main metabolic pathways of bufadienolides were hydroxylation, 3-isomerization, 3-keto, 16-hydrolyzation, 3-O-sulfate and 3-O-glucuronide. CONCLUSIONS Although VB possesses significant anti-tumor effect against various cancer cell lines, the development of new drugs still remains to be a challenge due to its pharmacodynamic effects in vivo, druggability and toxicology. The main problem lies in its side effects in vivo, poor bioavailability, fast metabolism, cardiotoxicity and neurovirulence. Besides, studies on its metabolism and toxicology in vitro and in vivo, as well as clinical trials should be further conducted for the new drug development and the establishment of optimal dosage of consumption of its administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Jun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Jv Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Jin Feng
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.
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A strategy for the metabolomics-based screening of active constituents and quality consistency control for natural medicinal substance toad venom. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:108-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Chen YL, Bian XL, Guo FJ, Wu YC, Li YM. Two new 19-norbufadienolides with cardiotonic activity isolated from the venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans. Fitoterapia 2018; 131:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Xiao J, Zhao X, Zhong WT, Jiao FR, Wang XL, Ma L, Duan DZ, Yang DS, Tang SQ. Bufadienolides from the Venom of Bufo Bufo gargarizans and Their Enzyme Inhibition Activities and Brine Shrimp Lethality. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new bufadienolide named dyscinobufotalin (1), along with twenty known bufadienolides (2–21) were isolated from the venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of the new natural product 2 was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction and the complete NMR data for 3 was delivered for the first time. Both compounds 4 and 8 showed comparable α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 values of 0.25 and 0.26 μM, respectively) to the positive control acarbose (IC50 value of 0.42 μM), and 5 displayed potent inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 0.12 μM. Moreover, 5, 8 and 13 presented moderate toxicity against brine shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Tong Zhong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Rong Jiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Zhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - De-Suo Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Qi Tang
- Baoji Herbest Bio-Tech Company Ltd, Baoji, 721013, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Zhu XL, Wen C, Ye QM, Xu W, Zou DL, Liang GP, Zhang F, Chen WN, Jiang RW. Probing the stereoselectivity of OleD-catalyzed glycosylation of cardiotonic steroids. RSC Adv 2018; 8:5071-5078. [PMID: 35542447 PMCID: PMC9078122 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11979h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferase OleD variant as a catalyst for the glycosylation of four pairs of epimers of cardiotonic steroids (CTS) are assessed. The results of this study demonstrated that the OleD-catalyze glycosylation of CTS is significantly influenced by the configuration at C-3 and the A/B fusion mode. 3β-OH and A/B ring cis fusion are favoured by OleD (ASP). An epoxide ring at C-14 and C-15 further increases the bioconversion rate; while an acetyl group at C-16 and lactone ring type at C-17 did not influence the biotransformation. A high conversion rate corresponded to a low K m value. A molecular docking simulation showed that filling of hydrophobic pocket II and interaction with residue Tyr115 may play an important role in the glycosylation reactions catalyzed by OleD glycosyltransferases. Furthermore, the glycosylation products showed a stronger inhibitory activity for Na+, K+-ATPase than the corresponding aglycones. This study provides the first stereoselective properties for OleD (ASP) catalyzed glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lin Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Chao Wen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Qing-Mei Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital Haikou 570311 P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Deng-Lang Zou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ping Liang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Wan-Na Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
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Marinobufagin, a molecule from poisonous frogs, causes biochemical, morphological and cell cycle changes in human neoplasms and vegetal cells. Toxicol Lett 2017; 285:121-131. [PMID: 29287997 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin toad secretion present physiologically active molecules to protect them against microorganisms, predators and infections. This work detailed the antiproliferative action of marinobufagin on tumor and normal lines, investigate its mechanism on HL-60 leukemia cells and its toxic effects on Allium cepa meristematic cells. Initially, cytotoxic action was assessed by colorimetric assays. Next, HL-60 cells were analyzed by morphological and flow cytometry techniques and growing A. cepa roots were examined after 72 h exposure. Marinobufagin presented high antiproliferative action against all human tumor lines [IC50 values ranging from 0.15 (leukemia) to 7.35 (larynx) μM] and it failed against human erythrocytes and murine lines. Human normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were up to 72.5-fold less sensitive [IC50: 10.88 μM] to marinobufagin than HL-60 line, but DNA strand breaks were no detected. Leukemia treaded cells exhibited cell viability reduction, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, binucleation, nuclear condensation and cytoplasmic vacuoles. Marinobufagin also reduced the growth of A. cepa roots (EC50: 7.5 μM) and mitotic index, caused cell cycle arrest and chromosomal alterations (micronuclei, delays and C-metaphases) in meristematic cells. So, to find out partially targeted natural molecules on human leukemia cells, like marinobufagin, is an amazing and stimulating way to continue the battle against cancer.
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Barnhart K, Forman ME, Umile TP, Kueneman J, McKenzie V, Salinas I, Minbiole KPC, Woodhams DC. Identification of Bufadienolides from the Boreal Toad, Anaxyrus boreas, Active Against a Fungal Pathogen. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:990-1000. [PMID: 28631214 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian granular glands provide a wide range of compounds on the skin that defend against pathogens and predators. We identified three bufadienolides-the steroid-like compounds arenobufagin, gamabufotalin, and telocinobufagin-from the boreal toad, Anaxyrus boreas, through liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Compounds were detected both after inducing skin gland secretions and in constitutive mucosal rinses from toads. We described the antimicrobial properties of each bufadienolide against Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), an amphibian fungal pathogen linked with boreal toad population declines. All three bufadienolides were found to inhibit Bd growth at similar levels. The maximum Bd inhibition produced by arenobufagin, gamabufotalin, and telocinobufagin were approximately 50%, in contrast to the complete Bd inhibition shown by antimicrobial skin peptides produced by some amphibian species. In addition, skin mucus samples significantly reduced Bd viability, and bufadienolides were detected in 15 of 62 samples. Bufadienolides also appeared to enhance growth of the anti-Bd bacterium Janthinobacterium lividum, and thus may be involved in regulation of the skin microbiome. Here, we localized skin bacteria within the mucus layer and granular glands of toads with fluorescent in situ hybridization. Overall, our results suggest that bufadienolides can function in antifungal defense on amphibian skin and their production is a potentially convergent trait similar to antimicrobial peptide defenses found on the skin of other species. Further studies investigating bufadienolide expression across toad populations, their regulation, and interactions with other components of the skin mucosome will contribute to understanding the complexities of amphibian immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Barnhart
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Megan E Forman
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Thomas P Umile
- Division of Natural and Computational Science, Gwynedd Mercy University, Gwynedd Valley, PA, 19437, USA
| | - Jordan Kueneman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122, UCB 334, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Valerie McKenzie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122, UCB 334, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Irene Salinas
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Kevin P C Minbiole
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
| | - Douglas C Woodhams
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
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Wang S, Wang H, Lu Y. Tianfoshen oral liquid: a CFDA approved clinical traditional Chinese medicine, normalizes major cellular pathways disordered during colorectal carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14549-14569. [PMID: 28099904 PMCID: PMC5362425 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, suggesting exploration of novel therapeutic avenues may be useful. In this study, therefore, we determined whether Tianfoshen oral liquid, a Chinese traditional medicine that has been used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, would be therapeutically beneficial for colorectal cancer patients. Our data show that Tianfoshen oral liquid effectively inhibits growth of colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. We further employed a comprehensive strategy that included chemoinformatics, bioinformatics and network biology methods to unravel novel insights into the active compounds of Tianfoshen oral liquid and to identify the common therapeutic targets and processes for colorectal cancer treatment. We identified 276 major candidate targets for Tianfoshen oral liquid that are central to colorectal cancer progression. Gene enrichment analysis showed that these targets were associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, cancer-related angiogenesis, and chronic inflammation and related signaling pathways. We also validated experimentally the inhibitory effects of Tianfoshen oral liquid on these pathological processes, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated that Tianfoshen oral liquid suppressed multiple relevant key players that sustain and promote colorectal cancer, which is suggests the potential therapeutic efficacy of Tianfoshen oral liquid in future colorectal cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Changshu Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changshu, 215500, P. R. China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Michalak M, Michalak K, Wicha J. The synthesis of cardenolide and bufadienolide aglycones, and related steroids bearing a heterocyclic subunit. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:361-410. [PMID: 28378871 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00107f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Covering: early studies through to March 2016Cardenolides and bufadienolides constitute an attractive class of biologically active steroid derivatives which have been used for the treatment of heart disease in traditional remedies as well as in modern medicinal therapy. Due to their application as therapeutic agents and their unique molecular structures, bearing unsaturated 5- or 6-membered lactones (or other heterocycles) attached to the steroid core, cardio-active steroids have received great attention, which has intensified during the last decade, in the synthetic organic community. Advances in the field of cross-coupling reactions have provided a powerful tool for the attachment of lactone subunits to the steroid core. This current review covers a methodological analysis of synthetic efforts to cardenolide and bufadienolide aglycones. Special emphasis is given to cross-coupling reactions applied for the attachment of lactone subunits at sterically very hindered positions of the steroid core. The carefully selected partial and total syntheses of representative cardio-active steroids will also be presented to exemplify recent achievements (improvements) in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Bufadienolides from amphibians: A promising source of anticancer prototypes for radical innovation, apoptosis triggering and Na +/K +-ATPase inhibition. Toxicon 2017; 127:63-76. [PMID: 28069354 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphibians present pharmacologically active aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic molecules in their skin as defense against microorganisms, predators and infections, such as steroids, alkaloids, biogenic amines, guanidine derivatives, proteins and peptides. Based on the discovered bioactive potential of bufadienolides, this work reviewed the contribution of amphibians, especially from members of Bufonidae family, as source of new cytotoxic and antitumor molecules, highlighting the mechanisms responsible for such amazing biological potentialities. Bufonidae species produce bufadienolides related to cholesterol through the mevalonate-independent and acidic bile acid pathways as polyhydroxy steroids with 24 carbons. In vitro antitumor studies performed with skin secretions and its isolated components (specially marinobufagin, telocinobufagin, bufalin and cinobufagin) from Rhinella, Bufo and Rhaebo species have shown remarkable biological action on hematological, solid, sensitive and/or resistant human tumor cell lines. Some compounds revealed higher selectivity against neoplastic lines when compared to dividing normal cells and some molecules may biochemically associate with Na+/K+-ATPase and there is structural similarity to the digoxin- and ouabain-Na+/K+-ATPase complexs, implying a similar mechanism of the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition by cardenolides and bufadienolides. Some bufadienolides also reduce levels of antiapoptotic proteins and DNA synthesis, cause morphological changes (chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, cytoplasm shrinkage, cytoplasmic vacuoles, stickiness reduction and apoptotic bodies), cell cycle arrest in G2/M or S phases, mitochondrial depolarization, PARP [poly (ADPribose) polymerase] and Bid cleavages, cytochrome c release, activation of Bax and caspases (-3, -9, -8 and -10), increased expression of the Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain (FADD), induce topoisomerase II inhibition, DNA fragmentation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis inhibition, multidrug resistance reversion, and also regulate immune responses. Then, bufadienolides isolated from amphibians, some of them at risk of extinction, emerge as a natural class of incredible chemical biodiversity, has moderate selectivity against human tumor cells and weak activity on murine cells, probably due to structural differences between subunits of human and mice Na+/K+-ATPases.
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Michalak K, Morawiak M, Wicha J. Synthetic Approach to the Core Structure of Oleandrin and Related Cardiac Glycosides with Highly Functionalized Ring D. Org Lett 2016; 18:6148-6151. [PMID: 27934370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first synthetic approach to the core structure of cardiac glycoside oleandrin exhibiting a potent cytotoxic activity, starting from a common androstane derivative, has been accomplished. The synthesis is focused on stereoselective transformations in the densely substituted and sterically shielded five-membered ring (steroid ring D). The developed synthesis paves a route to the synthesis of related bufadienolides, i.e., constituents of traditional drug Ch'an Su, bufotalin, and cinobufagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maja Morawiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Cen Y, Xiao A, Chen X, Liu L. Isolation of α-Amylase Inhibitors from Kadsura longipedunculata Using a High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography Target Guided by Centrifugal Ultrafiltration with LC-MS. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091190. [PMID: 27617987 PMCID: PMC6274455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) separation method target guided by centrifugal ultrafiltration with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CU-LC-MS) was proposed. This method was used to analyze α-amylase inhibitors from Kadsura longipedunculata extract. According to previous screening with CU-LC-MS, two screened potential α-amylase inhibitors was successfully isolated from Kadsura longipedunculata extract using HSCCC under the optimized experimental conditions. The isolated two target compounds (with purities of 92.3% and 94.6%) were, respectively, identified as quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (1) and protocatechuic acid (2) based on the MS, UV, and ¹H-NMR spectrometry data. To verify the inhibition of screened compounds, the inhibitory activities of quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (1) and protocatechuic acid (2) on α-amylase were tested, and it demonstrated that the experimental IC50 values of quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (1) and protocatechuic acid (2) were 28.8 and 12.5 μmol/L. These results proved that the hyphenated technique using CU-LC-MS and HSCCC was a rapid, competent, and reproductive method to screen and separate potential active compounds, like enzyme inhibitors from the extract of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Aiping Xiao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China.
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Han L, Wang H, Si N, Ren W, Gao B, Li Y, Yang J, Xu M, Zhao H, Bian B. Metabolites profiling of 10 bufadienolides in human liver microsomes and their cytotoxicity variation in HepG2 cell. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2485-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zhang Y, Jin H, Li X, Zhao J, Guo X, Wang J, Guo Z, Zhang X, Tao Y, Liu Y, Chen D, Liang X. Separation and characterization of bufadienolides in toad skin using two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography×reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1026:67-74. [PMID: 26621782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bufadienolides possess various bioactivities especially antitumor. Due to the high structural diversity, the separation of bufadienolides often suffers from coelution problem on conventional RP columns. In this work, an off-line two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography×reversed-phase liquid chromatography (2D-NPLC×RPLC) method was developed to separate and characterize bufadienolides in toad skin. Several RP and NP columns were evaluated with five reference bufadienlides. The XUnion C18 and XAmide columns exhibited superior chromatographic performances for bufadienlide separation, and were selected in RPLC and NPLC, respectively. RPLC was used in the second-dimension for the good compatibility with MS, while NPLC was adopted in the first-dimension. The orthogonality of the 2D-NPLC×RPLC system was investigated by the geometric approach using fifteen bufadienolide mixtures. The result was 49.6%, demonstrating reasonable orthogonality of this 2D-LC system. By combining the 2D-LC system with MS, 64 bufadienlides including 33 minor ones and 11 pairs of isomers in toad skin were identified. This off-line 2D-NPLC×RPLC allowed to solve the coelution problem of bufadienlides in one-dimension RPLC, and thus facilitated the identification significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, PR China
| | - Xiujie Guo
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanduo Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, PR China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Deliang Chen
- Wuhan Univ., Zhongnan Hosp., Dept. Internal Med., Div. Cardiol., Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Cruz e Carvalho A, Márquez CAP, Azevedo RB, Joanitti GA, Pires Júnior OR, Fontes W, Castro MS. Cytotoxic Activity and Antiproliferative Effects of Crude Skin Secretion from Physalaemus nattereri (Anura: Leptodactylidae) on in vitro Melanoma Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:3989-4005. [PMID: 26457717 PMCID: PMC4626716 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anuran secretions are rich sources of bioactive molecules, including antimicrobial and antitumoral compounds. The aims of this study were to investigate the therapeutic potential of Physalaemus nattereri skin secretion against skin cancer cells, and to assess its cytotoxic action mechanisms on the murine melanoma cell line B16F10. Our results demonstrated that the crude secretion reduced the viability of B16F10 cells, causing changes in cell morphology (e.g., round shape and structure shrinkage), reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in phosphatidylserine exposure, and cell cycle arrest in S-phase. Together, these changes suggest that tumor cells die by apoptosis. This skin secretion was also subjected to chromatographic fractioning using RP-HPLC, and eluted fractions were assayed for antiproliferative and antibacterial activities. Three active fractions showed molecular mass components in a range compatible with peptides. Although the specific mechanisms causing the reduced cell viability and cytotoxicity after the treatment with crude secretion are still unknown, it may be considered that molecules, such as the peptides found in the secretion, are effective against B16F10 tumor cells. Considering the growing need for new anticancer drugs, data presented in this study strongly reinforce the validity of P. nattereri crude secretion as a rich source of new anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Cruz e Carvalho
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences/IB, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - César Augusto Prías Márquez
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences/IB, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology/IB, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Graziella Anselmo Joanitti
- Department of Genetics and Morphology/IB, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil.
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Ceilândia/DF, CEP 72.220-140, Brazil.
| | - Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences/IB, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences/IB, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil.
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Liu L, Cen Y, Liu F, Yu J, Jiang X, Chen X. Analysis of α-amylase inhibitor from corni fructus by coupling magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of α-amylase with HPLC–MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 995-996:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Gu H, Nagle N, Pienkos PT, Posewitz MC. Nitrogen recycling from fuel-extracted algal biomass: residuals as the sole nitrogen source for culturing Scenedesmus acutus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:153-160. [PMID: 25539998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the reuse of nitrogen from fuel-extracted algal residues was investigated. The alga Scenedesmus acutus was found to be able to assimilate nitrogen contained in amino acids, yeast extracts, and proteinaceous alga residuals. Moreover, these alternative nitrogen resources could replace nitrate in culturing media. The ability of S. acutus to utilize the nitrogen remaining in processed algal biomass was unique among the promising biofuel strains tested. This alga was leveraged in a recycling approach where nitrogen is recovered from algal biomass residuals that remain after lipids are extracted and carbohydrates are fermented to ethanol. The protein-rich residuals not only provided an effective nitrogen resource, but also contributed to a carbon "heterotrophic boost" in subsequent culturing, improving overall biomass and lipid yields relative to the control medium with only nitrate. Prior treatment of the algal residues with Diaion HP20 resin was required to remove compounds inhibitory to algal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiya Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Nick Nagle
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Philip T Pienkos
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Matthew C Posewitz
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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Lee HJ, Koung FP, Kwon KR, Kang DI, Cohen L, Yang PY, Yoo HS. Comparative Analysis of the Bufonis Venenum by Using TLC, HPLC, and LC-MS for Different Extraction Methods. J Pharmacopuncture 2015; 15:52-65. [PMID: 25780654 PMCID: PMC4331950 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2012.15.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Toad venom, called Chan-Su, is a traditional Oriental medicine secreted from the auricular and the skin glands of the Bufo bufo gargarizanz Cantor or B. melanosticus Schneider and has been widely used in China, Korea and other parts of Asia for the treatment of pain, heart conditions, and cancer. We examined the concentrations of the main chemical constituents within a commerciallyavailable toad venom product and compared the levels for different extraction methods. Methods: Toad venom was extracted using either cold or hot water, ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), or ethyl acetate (EtOAc), was fractionated using precipitation or reflux, and was then analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HTLC), and liquid chroma-tography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Individual components were identified by comparisons of the retention times, the ultraviolet spectra, and mass spectras and differences in chemical constituents for different solvents and extraction methods are presented. Results: Components with authentic standards, including serotonin and bufodienolides (cinobufagen, bufalin, cinobufalin, and resibufogenin), were detected. The water extract of toad venom contained the greatest amount of serotonin (75.7 ± 0.1 mg/g), but very small amounts of bufodienolides (3.8 ± 0.0 mg/g). In contrast, the use of MeOH or EtOH extraction solutions resulted in 5-26 times higher concentrations of bufodienolides, with only trace amounts of serotonin. The relative and the absolute concentrations of the component also varied based on the extraction method; i.e., EtOH extracts yielded the greatest total amounts of bufodienolides, and EtOAc precipitation had the lowest amounts of bufodienolides. Conclusions: Toad venom consists of serotonin and several bufodienolides, and the choice of solvent to extract chemical the constituents is important as a way to enrich the purported active components for treating different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jae Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Fan-Pei Koung
- Integrative Medicine Program, Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Ki-Rok Kwon
- Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-In Kang
- Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lorenzo Cohen
- Integrative Medicine Program, Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Pei-Ying Yang
- Integrative Medicine Program, Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea ; Integrative Medicine Program, Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA ; Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Li W, Lin X, Yang Z, Zhang W, Ren T, Qu F, Wang Y, Zhang N, Tang X. A bufadienolide-loaded submicron emulsion for oral administration: Stability, antitumor efficacy and toxicity. Int J Pharm 2015; 479:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ning J, Yu ZL, Hu LH, Wang C, Huo XK, Deng S, Hou J, Wu JJ, Ge GB, Ma XC, Yang L. Characterization of phase I metabolism of resibufogenin and evaluation of the metabolic effects on its antitumor activity and toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 43:299-308. [PMID: 25504504 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.060996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resibufogenin (RB), one of the major active compounds of the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu, has displayed great potential as a chemotherapeutic agent in oncology. However, it is a digoxin-like compound that also exhibits extremely cardiotoxic effects. The present study aimed to characterize the metabolic behaviors of RB in humans as well as to evaluate the metabolic effects on its bioactivity and toxicity. The phase I metabolic profile in human liver microsomes was characterized systemically, and the major metabolite was identified as marinobufagenin (5β-hydroxylresibufogenin, 5-HRB) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic imaging techniques. Both cytochrome P450 (P450) reaction phenotyping and inhibition assays using P450-selective chemical inhibitors demonstrated that CYP3A4 was mainly involved in RB 5β-hydroxylation with much higher selectivity than CYP3A5. Kinetic characterization demonstrated that RB 5β-hydroxylation in both human liver microsomes and human recombinant CYP3A4 obeyed biphasic kinetics and displayed similar apparent kinetic parameters. Furthermore, 5-HRB could significantly induce cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in A549 and H1299 by facilitating apoptosome assembly and caspase activation. Meanwhile, 5-HRB displayed very weak cytotoxicity of human embryonic lung fibroblasts, and in mice there was a greater tolerance to acute toxicity. In summary, CYP3A4 dominantly mediated 5β-hydroxylation and was found to be a major metabolic pathway of RB in the human liver, whereas its major metabolite (5-HRB) displayed better druglikeness than its parent compound RB. Our findings lay a solid foundation for RB metabolism studies in humans and encourage further research on the bioactive metabolite of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Liang-Hai Hu
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Sa Deng
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Jie Hou
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Ling Yang
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
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XU R, XIE HQ, DENG LL, ZHANG JX, YANG FM, LIU JH, HAO XJ, ZHANG YH. A new bufadienolide with cytotoxic activity from the Chinese traditional drug Ch'an Su. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:623-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zhu YR, Xu Y, Fang JF, Zhou F, Deng XW, Zhang YQ. Bufotalin-induced apoptosis in osteoblastoma cells is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:112-8. [PMID: 25068992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel and more efficient chemo-agents against malignant osteoblastoma is important. In this study, we examined the potential anti-osteoblastoma function of bufotalin, and studied the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that bufotalin induced osteoblastoma cell death and apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manners. Further, bufotalin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation in osteoblastoma cells, the latter was detected by the induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), as well as caspase-12 activation. Conversely, the ER stress inhibitor salubrinal, the caspase-12 inhibitor z-ATAD-fmk as well as CHOP depletion by shRNA significantly inhibited bufotalin-induced osteoblastoma cell death and apoptosis. Finally, by using a mice xenograft model, we demonstrated that bufotalin inhibited U2OS osteoblastoma cell growth in vivo. In summary, our results suggest that ER stress contributes to bufotalin-induced apoptosis in osteoblastoma cells. Bufotalin might be investigated as a novel anti-osteoblastoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Rong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jian-Feng Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Xiong-Wei Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Yun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu 214400, China.
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48
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Hidayat AT, Zainuddin A, Dono D, Hermawan W, Hayashi H, Supratman U. Synthetic and Structure-Activity Relationship of Insecticidal Bufadienolides. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic analog of bufadienolide, methyl isobryophyllinate A (1), and a known synthetic analog, methyl isobersaldegenate-1,3,5-orthoacetate (2), were obtained by methanolysis of bryophyllin A (3) and bersaldegenin-1,3,5-orthoacetate (5) in basic solution. Structure-insecticidal activity relationship studies revealed both orthoacetate and α-pyrone moieties seemed to be essential structural elements for exhibiting insecticidal activity, whereas oxygenated substituents in the C ring enhanced the insecticidal activity against the third instar larvae of silkworm (Bombyx mori).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ace Tatang Hidayat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Zainuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Danar Dono
- Department of Pest and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Wawan Hermawan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Hideo Hayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1–1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599–8531, Japan
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
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49
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Li X, Liu Y, Shen A, Wang C, Yan J, Zhao W, Liang X. Efficient purification of active bufadienolides by a class separation method based on hydrophilic solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 97:54-64. [PMID: 24814996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have played a significant role in the process of discovering natural bioactive compounds, especially in anticancer therapeutics. However, the components of TCMs are complex mixtures with wide variation in polarity and content, which leads to inefficiency in the process of active compound discovery from TCMs. In this paper, the popular strategy of utilizing "pre-fractionated natural product libraries" has been improved by a new class separation approach to accelerate the process. As an example, the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor, a well-known TCM, mainly contains two distinct bufadienolide classes: amino acid-conjugated bufadienolides (AACBs) and free form bufadienolides (AAUBs). We utilized hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography solid-phase extraction (HILIC-SPE) to resolve the two types of bufadienolides, which co-eluted on C18 columns. By this strategy, twelve bufadienolides of the two types were purified via prep-HPLC from one active fraction, and eight of them were identified by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. These results indicated that the class separation method not only overcame the limited orthogonality in a 2D-RPLC×RPLC system but also accelerated the process of active compound discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Aijin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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50
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Song H, Zhou Z, Tang C. Cascade Michael-Intramolecular Transesterification-Elimination Reaction of 3,4-Dihydro-3-nitrochromen-2-ones and β,γ-Unsaturated α-Oxo Esters: An Efficient Access to 2-Pyrone Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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