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Moreira Vasconcelos CF, Neugebauer AZ, Basto Souza R. Exploring promising minor natural phenolic compounds in neuroprotection-related preclinical models. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:770-777. [PMID: 38566316 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are characterised by the progressive loss of specific neuronal cell populations due to multifactorial factors, including neurochemical and immunological disturbances. Consequently, patients can develop cognitive, motor and behavioural dysfunctions, which lead to impairments in their quality of life. Over the years, studies have reported on the neuroprotective properties inherent in phenolic compounds. Therefore, this review highlights the most recent scientific findings regarding phenolic compounds as promising neuroprotective molecules against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Osanloo M, Noori F, Tavassoli A, Ataollahi MR, Davoodi A, Seifalah-Zade M, Taghinezhad A, Fereydouni N, Goodarzi A. Effect of PCL nanofiber mats coated with chitosan microcapsules containing cinnamon essential oil for wound healing. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:84. [PMID: 36934283 PMCID: PMC10024394 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cinnamon is one of the most common spices that has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties in wound healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of polycaprolactone nanofiber mats coated with chitosan microcapsules loaded with cinnamon essential oil in wound healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this purpose, chitosan microcapsules containing cinnamon essential oil (µCS-CiZ) were prepared by ion gelation and PCL nanofibers by electrospinning. The size of the µCS-CiZ and the morphology of nanofibers were evaluated by DLS and FESEM methods. In order to evaluate wound healing, 48 rats in 4 groups of Control, µCS-CiZ, PCL, and PCL + µCS-CiZ and were examined on days 7, 14, and 21 in terms of macroscopy (wound closure rate) and histology (edema, inflammation, vascularity, fibrotic tissue, and re-epithelialization). RESULTS The particle size of the µCS-CiZ and the diameter of the nanofibers were estimated at about 6.33 ± 1.27 μm and 228 ± 33 nm, respectively. On day 21, both µCS-CiZ and PCL groups showed a significant decrease in wound size compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The PCL + µCS-CiZ group also showed a significant decrease compared to the µCS-CiZ (P < 0.05) and PCL groups (P < 0.05). Histological results showed further reduction of edema, inflammation, and vascularity in granulation tissue and appearance of moderate to marked fibrotic tissue in PCL + µCS-CiZ group compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION The results of the study showed that the combined use of PCL + µCS-CiZ indicates a synergistic effect on improving wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Fariba Noori
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavassoli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ataollahi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Davoodi
- School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Morteza Seifalah-Zade
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Taghinezhad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Narges Fereydouni
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Arash Goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Furlan V, Bren U. Helichrysum italicum: From Extraction, Distillation, and Encapsulation Techniques to Beneficial Health Effects. Foods 2023; 12:802. [PMID: 36832877 PMCID: PMC9957194 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Helichrysum italicum (family Asteraceae), due to its various beneficial health effects, represents an important plant in the traditional medicine of Mediterranean countries. Currently, there is a renewed interest in this medicinal plant, especially in investigations involving the isolation and identification of its bioactive compounds from extracts and essential oils, as well as in experimental validation of their pharmacological activities. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the beneficial health effects of Helichrysum italicum extracts, essential oils, and their major bioactive polyphenolic compounds, ranging from antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities to their antiviral, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and antiparasitic effects. This review also provides an overview of the most promising extraction and distillation techniques for obtaining high-quality extracts and essential oils from Helichrysum italicum, as well as methods for determining their antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities. Finally, new ideas for in silico studies of molecular mechanisms of bioactive polyphenols from Helichrysum italicum, together with novel suggestions for their improved bioavailability through diverse encapsulation techniques, are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Furlan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska Ulica 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Esmaeili F, Zahmatkeshan M, Yousefpoor Y, Alipanah H, Safari E, Osanloo M. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Cinnamon and Clove essential oils nanogels: an in vivo study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35596157 PMCID: PMC9123718 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oils are two medicinally important plant-derived substances with a wide range of biological properties. Besides, nanoemulsion-based gels have been widely used to increase topical drug delivery and effectiveness. METHODS This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effect (paw edema test) and the anti-nociceptive effect (hot plate and formalin test) of nanoemulsion-based gels containing the essential oils in the animal model. Cinnamon and Clove essential oils nanoemulsions with droplet sizes of 28 ± 6 nm and 12 ± 3 nm were first prepared. By adding carboxymethylcellulose (3.5% w/v), the nanoemulsions were then gelified. Finally, the nanogels were characterized by ATR-FTIR analysis and were used as topical pre-treatment before induction of inflammation or pain in acute and chronic analgesic experimental studies. RESULTS The paw edema and formalin findings showed that the nanogels formulations possess significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION The prepared nanogels could be considered as analgesic drugs for inhibiting the inflammation and pain of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Esmaeili
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Zahmatkeshan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Yousefpoor
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hiva Alipanah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ehsan Safari
- Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Cui J, Jia J. Natural COX-2 Inhibitors as Promising Anti-inflammatory Agents: An Update. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3622-3646. [PMID: 32942970 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200917150939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COX-2, a key enzyme that catalyzed the rate-limiting steps in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, played a pivotal role in the inflammatory process. Different from other family members, COX-2 was barely detectable in normal physiological conditions and highly inducible during the acute inflammatory response of human bodies to injuries or infections. Therefore, the therapeutic utilization of selective COX-2 inhibitors has already been considered as an effective approach for the treatment of inflammation with diminished side effects. Currently, both traditional and newer NSAIDs are the commonly prescribed medications that treat inflammatory diseases by targeting COX-2. However, due to the cardiovascular side-effects of the NSAIDs, finding reasonable alternatives for these frequently prescribed medicines are a hot spot in medicinal chemistry research. Naturallyoccurring compounds have been reported to inhibit COX-2, thereby possessing beneficial effects against inflammation and certain cell injury. The review mainly concentrated on recently identified natural products and derivatives as COX-2 inhibitors, the characteristics of their structural core scaffolds, their anti-inflammatory effects, molecular mechanisms for enzymatic inhibition, and related structure-activity relationships. According to the structural features, the natural COX-2 inhibitors were mainly divided into the following categories: natural phenols, flavonoids, stilbenes, terpenoids, quinones, and alkaloids. Apart from the anti-inflammatory activities, a few dietary COX-2 inhibitors from nature origin also exhibited chemopreventive effects by targeting COX-2-mediated carcinogenesis. The utilization of these natural remedies in future cancer prevention was also discussed. In all, the survey on the characterized COX-2 inhibitors from natural sources paves the way for the further development of more potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Yuan HL, Zhao YL, Ding CF, Zhu PF, Jin Q, Liu YP, Ding ZT, Luo XD. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Curcuma kwangsiensis and its bioactive terpenoids in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112935. [PMID: 32387235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Curcumae Radix", the dried rhizomes of Curcuma kwangsiensis documented in Chinese pharmacopoeia, has been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory and pain diseases, such as jaundice and red urine, cleaning the heart-fire and depression, arthralgia, and dysmenorrhea. However, according to literature surveys, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive studies of C. kwangsiensis have been seldom reported so far. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study focuses on the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of C. kwangsiensis and discovering the bioactive compounds for its traditional usages both in vivo and in vitro, which could provide scientific justification about its traditional use. MATERIAL AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive assays of various layers (ME, EA, AQS) from C. kwangsiensis were achieved by carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing animal models, respectively. The most bioactive part, EA layer was further phytochemically investigated by multiple step chromatography techniques. The structures of these isolates were unambiguously elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic and chemical methods, and comparison with corresponding data of the reported literature. Four major sesquiterpenoids (4, 6, 14, and 15) were achieved for their anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive assays by the two aforementioned animal models in vivo. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects via detecting inflammatory mediator releases (COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells induced by LPS. RESULTS The ME and EA layers significantly alleviated the paw edema caused by carrageenan and decreased the number of writhes induced by acetic acid at the dose of 200 and/or 100 mg/kg in comparison to the control group (p < 0.01/0.05), and the EA layer exhibited better activity than that of ME layer. Subsequent phytochemical investigation on EA layer of C. kwangsiensis exhibited that three new terpenoid compounds (1-3), identified as (12Z,14R)-7β-hydroxylabda-8(17),12-diene-14,15,16-triol (1), (12Z,14S)- 7β-hydroxlabda-8(17),12-diene-14,15,16-triol (2), and (4S)-hydroxy-(8)-methoxy-(5S)-(H)-guaia1(10),7(11)-dien-12,8-olide (3), together with twenty-two known analogs were isolated. Furthermore, four major sesquiterpenoids (4, 6, 14, and 15) significantly relieved the paw edema and number of writhes at 100 and/or 50 mg/kg (p < 0.05/0.01). Likewise, the majority of sesqui- and diterpenoids isolated could remarkably inhibited the secretion of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, comparable to DXM used as the positive control. All the results suggested that EA layer from C. kwangsiensis possessed the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, and these sesqui- and diterpenoids could be the effective constituents responsible for relieving inflammation. CONCLUSION The present studies undoubtedly determined the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive material basis of C. kwangsiensis, including the EA layer and its precise components, which presented equivalent or better anti-inflammatory effects than that of positive control (ASP/DXM) in vivo and in vitro. These results not only would account for scientific knowledge for traditional use of C. kwangsiensis, but also provide credible theoretical foundation for the further development of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China; State Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China; State Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Feng Ding
- State Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Jin
- State Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China; State Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Barhoma RA. The role of eugenol in the prevention of chromium-induced acute kidney injury in male albino rats. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Ragavendran V, Muthunatesan S, Santhanam V, Arsic B. Synthesis and characterization of cinnamylidene acetone – A study on tuning of band gap by vibrational spectroscopic tools. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Attard E, Attard H. The Potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Oleanolic Acid in the Hydroethanolic Extract of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroethanolic extract of Crataegus monogyna was studied for its chemical constitution and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The extract contained triterpenic acids, flavonoids and coumarins. The ACE inhibitory activity was studied using captropril, as a control drug, and oleanolic acid, as a constituent of the hydroethanolic extract and a member of the triterpenic acid group. The hydroethanolic extract and oleanolic acid showed higher IC50 values (335.00 μg/mL and 3.61 μM, respectively) in comparison to captopril (46.9 nM). However, these results indicate the anti-ACE activity of oleanolic acid and the triterpenic acids, which has not been demonstrated earlier for hawthorn extracts. In previous studies, the ACE inhibitory activity of C. monogyna extracts was always attributed to flavonoids and proanthocyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everaldo Attard
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Malta, Msida, Malta MSD06 everaldo
| | - Henrietta Attard
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Malta, Msida, Malta MSD06 everaldo
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Patil VM, Anand P, Bhardwaj M, Masand N. Cinnamaldehyde Analogs: Docking Based Optimization, COX-2 Inhibitory In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 17:154-165. [PMID: 30686258 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190125153951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade CADD has emerged as a rational approach in drug development so with the help molecular docking approach we planned to perform virtual screening of the designed data set of Schiff bases of cinnamaldehyde. The research work will be helpful to put some light on the drug receptor interactions required for anti-inflammatory activity. METHODS For carrying out virtual screening of the developed cinnamaldehyde Schiff base data set, AutoDock 4.0 was used. The active hits identified through in silico screening were synthesized. Anti-inflammatory evaluation was carried out using Carrageenan-induced paw oedema method. RESULTS Compounds V2A44, V2A55, V2A76, V2A82, V2A119, V2A141 and V2A142 has shown highest binding energy (-4.84, -4.76, -4.59, -4.78, -4.74, -4.85 and -4.72 kcal/mol, respectively) and the binding interactions with amino acids namely, Phe478, Glu479, Lys492, Ala493, Asp497 and Ile498. Some of the analogs have shown significant activity and were comparable to Indomethacin (standard drug). CONCLUSION Five new compounds have shown significant activity and the results obtained from in silico studies are parallel to those of in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali M Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Anand
- Department of Pharmacy, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Masand
- Department of Pharmacy, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Antitubercular and anti-inflammatory properties screening of natural products from Plectranthus species. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1677-1691. [PMID: 29957070 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Confirm the use of Plectanthus spp. plants in traditional medicine, particularly as anti-inflammatory and anti-infective agents. MATERIALS & METHODS Compounds previously isolated from Plectranthus spp. were studied for their anti-inflammatory activity using the SNAP assay and RAW 264.7 cells, by the quantification of nitric oxide. An halimane diterpene and its derivatives were tested in infected macrophages with M. tuberculosis H37Rv, using CFU counts assay, at their minimum inhibitory concentration values. Results: The isolated compounds tested at noncytotoxic concentrations, did not reveal nitric oxide scavenging in the S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and the cellular assays. On the other hand, promising results were obtained regarding one semisynthetic halimane derivative (11R*,13E)-halima-5,13-diene-11,15-diol), previously prepared (2.1 × 105 CFU/mL), with an effect similar to the antitubercular drugs ethambutol (2.0 × 105 CFU/mL) and isoniazid (1.2 × 105 CFU/mL). CONCLUSION The present report demonstrates the relevance of Plectranthus spp. in medicinal chemistry drug development for TB and other infective respiratory complaints. Also, this work suggests that further studies involving other inflammatory mediators are needed to validate the anti-inflammatory use of these medicinal plants.
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Cinnamon extract exhibits potent anti-proliferative activity by modulating angiogenesis and cyclooxygenase in myeloma cells. J Herb Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Antioxidant and antiplatelet activities of flavonoid-rich fractions of three citrus fruits from Korea. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:109. [PMID: 28330179 PMCID: PMC4837764 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Three different fractional (methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) extracts from yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka), hallabong [(C. unshiu Marcov × C. sinensis Osbeck) × C. reticulata Blanco] and orange (C. sinensis) were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and antiplatelet effects. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were used for the antioxidant activity tests. Total flavonoids and total phenolics were also evaluated spectrophotometrically. The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest total flavonoid and total phenolic content and exhibited the highest antioxidant activities (185.2 ± 14.5 and 208.7 ± 17.5 mg/g dry extract for FRAP and CUPRAC values, respectively). The total phenolic and total flavonoid content ranged from 58.2 ± 1.4 to 102.4 ± 8.6 and 19.6 ± 0.5 to 64.3 ± 0.8 mg/g dry extract, respectively. The results of DPPH assay showed that ethyl acetate fractions had the least IC50 values (0.12 ± 0.002, 0.04 ± 0.0006, in mg/mL for orange and hallabong samples, respectively) followed by the hexane fraction (0.19 ± 0.007 mg/mL) of the orange sample. For all fractions, the antioxidant activity and contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids correlated well with each other. In vitro investigation of the antiplatelet effect showed that ethyl acetate fraction has the highest inhibition (84.3 ± 5.8 to 96.1 ± 1.8 %). Hexane and MeOH fractions of hallabong and orange samples inhibited platelet aggregations by less than or equal to 41 %.
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Chan CL, Gan RY, Corke H. The phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of soluble and bound extracts in selected dietary spices and medicinal herbs. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chak-Lun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Harold Corke
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan China
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Ilic NM, Dey M, Poulev A, Logendra S, Kuhn PE, Raskin I. Anti-inflammatory activity of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta Schum) extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10452-7. [PMID: 25293633 PMCID: PMC4212708 DOI: 10.1021/jf5026086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta Schum, Zingiberaceae) has been evaluated for inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, in vivo for the anti-inflammatory activity and expression of several pro-inflammatory genes. Bioactivity-guided fractionation showed that the most active COX-2 inhibitory compound in the extract was [6]-paradol. [6]-Shogaol, another compound from the extract, was the most active inhibitory compound in pro-inflammatory gene expression assays. In a rat paw edema model, the whole extract reduced inflammation by 49% at 1000 mg/kg. Major gingerols from the extract [6]-paradol, [6]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol reduced inflammation by 20, 25 and 38%. respectively when administered individually at a dose of 150 mg/kg. [6]-Shogaol efficacy was at the level of aspirin, used as a positive control. Grains of paradise extract has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory activity, which is in part due to the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity and expression of pro-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa M. Ilic
- Institute
of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Phone: +381 21 485 3824. E-mail:
| | - Moul Dey
- Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Alexander
A. Poulev
- Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Sithes Logendra
- Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Peter E. Kuhn
- Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
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Schriner SE, Kuramada S, Lopez TE, Truong S, Pham A, Jafari M. Extension of Drosophila lifespan by cinnamon through a sex-specific dependence on the insulin receptor substrate chico. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:220-30. [PMID: 25456850 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamon is a spice commonly used worldwide to flavor desserts, fruits, cereals, breads, and meats. Numerous health benefits have been attributed to its consumption, including the recent suggestion that it may decrease blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. Insulin signaling is an integral pathway regulating the lifespan of laboratory organisms, such as worms, flies, and mice. We posited that if cinnamon truly improved the clinical signs of diabetes in people that it would also act on insulin signaling in laboratory organisms and increase lifespan. We found that cinnamon did extend lifespan in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. However, it had no effect on the expression levels of the 3 aging-related Drosophila insulin-like peptides nor did it alter sugar, fat, or soluble protein levels, as would be predicted. In addition, cinnamon exhibited no protective effects in males against oxidative challenges. However, in females it did confer a protective effect against paraquat, but sensitized them to iron. Cinnamon provided no protective effect against desiccation and starvation in females, but sensitized males to both. Interestingly, cinnamon protected both sexes against cold, sensitized both to heat, and elevated HSP70 expression levels. We also found that cinnamon required the insulin receptor substrate to extend lifespan in males, but not females. We conclude that cinnamon does not extend lifespan by improving stress tolerance in general, though it does act, at least in part, through insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Schriner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Steven Kuramada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Terry E Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Stephanie Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Andrew Pham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Mahtab Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Ali Y, Alam MS, Hamid H, Husain A, Kharbanda C, Bano S, Nazreen S, Haider S. Attenuation of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and toxic risk evaluation of Aporosa lindleyana Baill bark extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1513-1521. [PMID: 25124276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally, Aporosa lindleyana Baill. has been used against various ailments viz. jaundice, fever, headache, seminal loss and insanity. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of Aporosa lindleyana Baill. bark and its fractions. METHOD The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Aporosa lindleyana Baill. bark and its various fractions at doses of 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg b.w. has been carried out by a carrageenan induced hind paw edema method. To establish the probable mechanism of action, TNF-α and NO levels have been estimated by an ELISA method and the effect of active fraction on COX-2 and NF-κB expressions has been evaluated. The effect on the levels of anti-oxidative enzymes (CAT, SOD & GPX) by the ethanolic extract and its fractions has also been investigated. Furthermore, peptic ulcer and hepatotoxic risk evaluation has also been carried out at three times higher dose than that used in inflammatory in vivo model. RESULTS Among the extract and its various fractions tested for anti-inflammatory activity, the methanolic fraction at a dose of 300mg/kg showed significant inhibition in paw edema by 73% as compared to Indomethacin which showed 77% inhibition after 5h. The same dose of methanolic fraction also caused significant reduction in TNF-α (59.27%) and NO concentration (57.12%) while Indomethacin showed inhibition of 63.91% and 60.12%. The active methanolic fraction was also found to inhibit the expression of NF-κB and COX-2 induced by carrageenan. Histological studies showed that the ethanolic extract and its fractions did not cause any damage to the stomach as well as to liver. Moreover, the active fractions also decreased lipid peroxidation levels and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPX). CONCLUSION The results of present study demonstrated that significant anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic fraction of Aporosa lindleyana may be attributed to the modulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Same fraction was also found to be effective against oxidative stress as it was found to elevate the levels of anti-oxidative enzymes. It can therefore be concluded that the methanolic fraction could be explored as a disease modifying agent against inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakub Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Hinna Hamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Chetna Kharbanda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sameena Bano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Saqlain Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
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Raffai G, Kim B, Park S, Khang G, Lee D, Vanhoutte PM. Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde-containing micelles induce relaxation of isolated porcine coronary arteries: role of nitric oxide and calcium. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2557-66. [PMID: 24904214 PMCID: PMC4039418 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s56578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Cinnamaldehyde, a major component of cinnamon, induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and exerts vasodilator and anticancer effects, but its short half-life limits its clinical use. The present experiments were designed to compare the acute relaxing properties of cinnamaldehyde with those of self-assembling polymer micelles either loaded with cinnamaldehyde or consisting of a polymeric prodrug [poly(cinnamaldehyde)] that incorporates the compound in its backbone. Methods Rings of porcine coronary arteries were contracted with the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619 or 40 mM KCl, and changes in isometric tension were recorded. Results Cinnamaldehyde induced concentration-dependent but endothelium-independent, nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-independent, cyclooxygenase-independent, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)-independent, calcium-activated potassium-independent, and TRPA1 channel-independent relaxations. Cinnamaldehyde also inhibited the contractions induced by 40 mM KCl Ca2+ reintroduction in 40 mM KCl Ca2+-free solution or by the Ca2+ channel opener Bay K8644. Cinnamaldehyde-loaded control micelles induced complete, partly endothelium-dependent relaxations sensitive to catalase and inhibitors of NOS or sGC, but not cyclooxygenase or TRPA1, channels. Cinnamaldehyde-loaded micelles also inhibited contractions induced by 40 mM KCl Ca2+ reintroduction or Bay K8644. Poly(cinnamaldehyde) micelles induced only partial, endothelium-dependent relaxations that were reduced by inhibitors of NOS or sGC and by catalase and the antioxidant tiron, but not by indomethacin or TRPA1 channel blockers. Conclusion The present findings demonstrate that cinnamaldehyde-loaded and poly(cinnamaldehyde) micelles possess vasodilator properties, but that the mechanism underlying the relaxation that they cause differs from that of cinnamaldehyde, and thus could be used both to relieve coronary vasospasm and for therapeutic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Raffai
- World Class University, Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Byungkuk Kim
- World Class University, Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Sanga Park
- World Class University, Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- World Class University, Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Dongwon Lee
- World Class University, Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- World Class University, Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea ; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
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Strömstedt AA, Felth J, Bohlin L. Bioassays in natural product research - strategies and methods in the search for anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:13-28. [PMID: 24019222 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying bioactive molecules from complex biomasses requires careful selection and execution of relevant bioassays in the various stages of the discovery process of potential leads and targets. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to share our long-term experience in bioassay-guided isolation, and mechanistic studies, of bioactive compounds from different organisms in nature with emphasis on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. METHODS In the search for anti-inflammatory activity, in vivo and in vitro model combinations with enzymes and cells involved in the inflammatory process have been used, such as cyclooxygenases, human neutrophils and human cancer cell lines. Methods concerning adsorption and perforation of bacteria, fungi, human cells and model membranes, have been developed and optimised, with emphasis on antimicrobial peptides and their interaction with the membrane target, in particular their ability to distinguish host from pathogen. RESULTS A long-term research has provided experience of selection and combination of bioassay models, which has led to an increased understanding of ethnopharmacological and ecological observations, together with in-depth knowledge of mode of action of isolated compounds. CONCLUSION A more multidisciplinary approach and a higher degree of fundamental research in development of bioassays are often necessary to identify and to fully understand the mode of action of bioactive molecules with novel structure-activity relationships from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Strömstedt
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Okokon JE, Okokon PJ, Dar Farooq A, Choudhary MI. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Homalium letestui. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1459-1466. [PMID: 23862982 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.799707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Homalium letestui Pellegr (Flacourtiaceae) is used in various decoctions traditionally by the Ibibios of the Niger Delta of Nigeria to treat stomach ulcer, malaria and other inflammatory diseases, as well as an aphrodisiac. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the stem extract of the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol stem extract (500, 750, 1000 mg/kg, i.p.) of H. letestui was investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan, egg albumin-induced and xylene-induced ear edema models and analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking and thermal-induced pain models. The ethanol extract was administered to the animals orally, 30 min to 1 h depending on the model, before induction of inflammation/pain. The LD50 was also determined. GC-MS analysis of dichloromethane fraction was carried out. RESULTS The extract caused a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) reduction of inflammation induced by carrageenan (8.3-70.0%), egg albumin (10.0-71.42%) and xylene (39.39-84.84%). The extract also reduced significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) pain induced by acetic acid (44.22-73.65%), formalin (55.89-79.21%) and hot plate (93.0-214.5%). The LD50 was determined to be 4.38 ± 35.72 g/kg. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the ethanol stem extract of H. letestui possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant as revealed by the GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E Okokon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo , Uyo , Nigeria and
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Mani J, Kumar S, Dobos GJ, Haferkamp A. [Aspects of traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) in urology]. Urologe A 2013. [PMID: 23178846 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-012-3063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ayurveda is from a global viewpoint the oldest and the most employed traditional form of medicine in India. The difference to western medicine is that this form of medicine is based on experience, empirical evidence and intuition accumulated over thousands of years and passed down through generations orally as well as by sketches. Ayurveda is not only concerned with the physical but also with the spiritual aspects of the body and according to this doctrine most diseases result from psychological and pathological alterations in the body. Ultimately, the definition of health according to Ayurveda is an equilibrium between the physical, mental and spiritual components. Ayurvedic medicine is used within the framework of the treatment of urolithiasis for diuresis, for litholysis, as an analgetic for spasms and with an antimicrobial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mani
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt a.M., Deutschland.
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Chung JW, Kim JJ, Kim SJ. Antioxidative effects of cinnamomi cortex: A potential role of iNOS and COX-II. Pharmacogn Mag 2012; 7:314-9. [PMID: 22262934 PMCID: PMC3261065 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.90412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cinnamomi cortex has wide varieties of pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory action, anti-platelet aggregation, and improving blood circulation. In this study, we tested to determine whether the Cinnamomi cortex extract has antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: Antioxidative actions were explored by measuring free radical scavenging activity, NO levels, and reducing power. The mechanism of antioxidative action of Cinnamomi cortex was determined by measuring iNOS and COX-II expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated Raw cells. Results: Seventy percent methanolic extract of Cinnamomi cortex exerted significant 1,1-diphenyl--2--picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and NO scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. More strikingly, the Cinnamomi cortex extract exerted dramatic reducing power activity (13-fold over control). Production of iNOS induced by LPS was significantly inhibited by the Cinnamomi cortex extract, suggesting that it inhibits NO production by suppressing iNOS expression. Additionally, COX-2 induced by LPS was dramatically inhibited by the Cinnamomi cortex extract. Conclusion: These results suggest that 70% methanolic extract of Cinnamomi cortex exerts significant antioxidant activity via inhibiting iNOS and COX-II induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Chung
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea 130-701
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Toguem SMT, Knepper I, Ehlers P, Dang TT, Patonay T, Langer P. Synthesis of Dibenzothiophenes and Carbazoles by Sequential ‘Tetra-Fold Heck/6 π-Electrocyclization/Dehydrogenation’ Reactions of Tetrabromothiophene and Tetrabromo-N-methylpyrrole. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Wang YQ, Qi LW, Aa J, Wang GJ, Gao W, Cheng SJ, Wang ZZ, Xiao W, Li P. Comprehensive chemical profiling of Guizhi Fuling capsule by the combined use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with a deconvolution software and rapid-resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1286-96. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; China
| | - Jiye Aa
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; China
| | - Guang-Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; China
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; China
| | - Shu-Jie Cheng
- Institute of Biomass Research; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine; Lianyungang; China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine; Lianyungang; China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; China
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Ulbricht C, Seamon E, Windsor RC, Armbruester N, Bryan JK, Costa D, Giese N, Gruenwald J, Iovin R, Isaac R, Grimes Serrano JM, Tanguay-Colucci S, Weissner W, Yoon H, Zhang J. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Cinnamon (Cinnamomumspp.) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2011; 8:378-454. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2011.627783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hussain A, Brahmbhatt K, Priyani A, Ahmed M, Rizvi TA, Sharma C. Eugenol Enhances the Chemotherapeutic Potential of Gemcitabine and Induces Anticarcinogenic and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 26:519-27. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kruti Brahmbhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anita Priyani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Musthaq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A. Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chhavi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Del Bufalo A, Bernad J, Dardenne C, Verda D, Meunier JR, Rousset F, Martinozzi-Teissier S, Pipy B. Contact sensitizers modulate the arachidonic acid metabolism of PMA-differentiated U-937 monocytic cells activated by LPS. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:35-43. [PMID: 21807015 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For the effective induction of a hapten-specific T cell immune response toward contact sensitizers, in addition to covalent-modification of skin proteins, the redox and inflammatory statuses of activated dendritic cells are crucial. The aim of this study was to better understand how sensitizers modulate an inflammatory response through cytokines production and COX metabolism cascade. To address this purpose, we used the human monocytic-like U-937 cell line differentiated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and investigated the effect of 6 contact sensitizers (DNCB, PPD, hydroquinone, propyl gallate, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol) and 3 non sensitizers (lactic acid, glycerol and tween 20) on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and on the arachidonic acid metabolic profile after bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Our results showed that among the tested molecules, all sensitizers specifically prevent the production of PMA/LPS-induced COX-2 metabolites (PGE(2,) TxB(2) and PGD(2)), eugenol and cinnamaldehyde inhibiting also the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. We further demonstrated that there is no unique PGE(2) inhibition mechanism: while the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane phospholipids does not appear do be a target of modulation, COX-2 expression and/or COX-2 enzymatic activity are the major steps of prostaglandin synthesis that are inhibited by sensitizers. Altogether these results add a new insight into the multiple biochemical effects described for sensitizers.
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Mazzio EA, Close F, Soliman KFA. The biochemical and cellular basis for nutraceutical strategies to attenuate neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:506-69. [PMID: 21340000 PMCID: PMC3039966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12010506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Future therapeutic intervention that could effectively decelerate the rate of degeneration within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) could add years of mobility and reduce morbidity associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Neurodegenerative decline associated with PD is distinguished by extensive damage to SNc dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and decay of the striatal tract. While genetic mutations or environmental toxins can precipitate pathology, progressive degenerative succession involves a gradual decline in DA neurotransmission/synaptic uptake, impaired oxidative glucose consumption, a rise in striatal lactate and chronic inflammation. Nutraceuticals play a fundamental role in energy metabolism and signaling transduction pathways that control neurotransmission and inflammation. However, the use of nutritional supplements to slow the progression of PD has met with considerable challenge and has thus far proven unsuccessful. This review re-examines precipitating factors and insults involved in PD and how nutraceuticals can affect each of these biological targets. Discussed are disease dynamics (Sections 1 and 2) and natural substances, vitamins and minerals that could impact disease processes (Section 3). Topics include nutritional influences on α-synuclein aggregation, ubiquitin proteasome function, mTOR signaling/lysosomal-autophagy, energy failure, faulty catecholamine trafficking, DA oxidation, synthesis of toxic DA-quinones, o-semiquinones, benzothiazolines, hyperhomocyseinemia, methylation, inflammation and irreversible oxidation of neuromelanin. In summary, it is clear that future research will be required to consider the multi-faceted nature of this disease and re-examine how and why the use of nutritional multi-vitamin-mineral and plant-based combinations could be used to slow the progression of PD, if possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mazzio
- Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; E-Mails: (E.A.M.); (F.C.)
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Waltenberger B, Schuster D, Paramapojn S, Gritsanapan W, Wolber G, Rollinger JM, Stuppner H. Predicting cyclooxygenase inhibition by three-dimensional pharmacophoric profiling. Part II: Identification of enzyme inhibitors from Prasaplai, a Thai traditional medicine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:119-133. [PMID: 20851587 PMCID: PMC3111854 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Prasaplai is a medicinal plant mixture that is used in Thailand to treat primary dysmenorrhea, which is characterized by painful uterine contractility caused by a significant increase of prostaglandin release. Cyclooxygenase (COX) represents a key enzyme in the formation of prostaglandins. Former studies revealed that extracts of Prasaplai inhibit COX-1 and COX-2. In this study, a comprehensive literature survey for known constituents of Prasaplai was performed. A multiconformational 3D database was created comprising 683 molecules. Virtual parallel screening using six validated pharmacophore models for COX inhibitors was performed resulting in a hit list of 166 compounds. 46 Prasaplai components with already determined COX activity were used for the external validation of this set of COX pharmacophore models. 57% of these components were classified correctly by the pharmacophore models. These findings confirm that the virtual approach provides a helpful tool (i) to unravel which molecular compounds might be responsible for the COX-inhibitory activity of Prasaplai and (ii) for the fast identification of novel COX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Inte:Ligand GmbH, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sompol Paramapojn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wandee Gritsanapan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Inte:Ligand GmbH, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
Cinnamon has been used as a spice and as traditional herbal medicine for centuries. The available in vitro and animal in vivo evidence suggests that cinnamon has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, cardiovascular, cholesterol-lowering, and immunomodulatory effects. In vitro studies have demonstrated that cinnamon may act as an insulin mimetic, to potentiate insulin activity or to stimulate cellular glucose metabolism. Furthermore, animal studies have demonstrated strong hypoglycemic properties. However, there are only very few well-controlled clinical studies, a fact that limits the conclusions that can be made about the potential health benefits of cinnamon for free-living humans. The use of cinnamon as an adjunct to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most promising area, but further research is needed before definitive recommendations can be made.
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Mengoni ES, Vichera G, Rigano LA, Rodriguez-Puebla ML, Galliano SR, Cafferata EE, Pivetta OH, Moreno S, Vojnov AA. Suppression of COX-2, IL-1β and TNF-α expression and leukocyte infiltration in inflamed skin by bioactive compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis L. Fitoterapia 2010; 82:414-21. [PMID: 21129455 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of extracts and purified compounds from fresh leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Pretreatment with the major anti-inflammatory compounds, carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS), inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced ear inflammation in mice with an EC(50) of 10.20 μg/cm(2) and 10.70 μg/cm(2), respectively. To further understand the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these compounds, we analyzed the in vivo expression of several inflammation-associated genes in mouse skin by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our data showed that CA and CS reduced the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α but had less effect on fibronectin and ICAM-1 expression. Interestingly, both compounds selectively inhibited COX-2 but not COX-1. Histopathological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue revealed a marked reduction in leukocyte infiltration and epidermal ulceration of PMA-treated ears when ears were pretreated with ethanolic extracts or pure CA. In vitro, we showed that ethanolic extract, carnosic acid and carnosol significantly inhibited the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. For the first time in vivo, we showed that CA and CS differentially regulate the expression of inflammation-associated genes, thus demonstrating the pharmacological basis for the anti-inflammatory properties reported for CA and CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora S Mengoni
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Fundación Pablo Cassará and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yoshikawa K, Yagi C, Hama H, Tanaka M, Arihara S, Hashimoto T. Ipomotaosides A-D, resin glycosides from the aerial parts of Ipomoea batatas and their inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1763-1766. [PMID: 20961090 DOI: 10.1021/np100283t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Four new resin glycosides, namely, ipomotaosides A-D (1-4), were isolated from the dried aerial parts of Ipomoea batatas. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data and by chemical derivatization and were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-Cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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WIDOWATI WAHYU, RATNAWATI HANA, RUSDI UDJUDJUNAEDI, WINARNO WAHYU, IMMANUEL VICTOR. Phytochemicalassay and Antiplatelet Activity of Fractions of Velvet Bean Seeds (Mucuna pruriens L.). HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.17.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Bohlin L, Göransson U, Alsmark C, Wedén C, Backlund A. Natural products in modern life science. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2010; 9:279-301. [PMID: 20700376 PMCID: PMC2912726 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-009-9160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With a realistic threat against biodiversity in rain forests and in the sea, a sustainable use of natural products is becoming more and more important. Basic research directed against different organisms in Nature could reveal unexpected insights into fundamental biological mechanisms but also new pharmaceutical or biotechnological possibilities of more immediate use. Many different strategies have been used prospecting the biodiversity of Earth in the search for novel structure-activity relationships, which has resulted in important discoveries in drug development. However, we believe that the development of multidisciplinary incentives will be necessary for a future successful exploration of Nature. With this aim, one way would be a modernization and renewal of a venerable proven interdisciplinary science, Pharmacognosy, which represents an integrated way of studying biological systems. This has been demonstrated based on an explanatory model where the different parts of the model are explained by our ongoing research. Anti-inflammatory natural products have been discovered based on ethnopharmacological observations, marine sponges in cold water have resulted in substances with ecological impact, combinatory strategy of ecology and chemistry has revealed new insights into the biodiversity of fungi, in depth studies of cyclic peptides (cyclotides) has created new possibilities for engineering of bioactive peptides, development of new strategies using phylogeny and chemography has resulted in new possibilities for navigating chemical and biological space, and using bioinformatic tools for understanding of lateral gene transfer could provide potential drug targets. A multidisciplinary subject like Pharmacognosy, one of several scientific disciplines bridging biology and chemistry with medicine, has a strategic position for studies of complex scientific questions based on observations in Nature. Furthermore, natural product research based on intriguing scientific questions in Nature can be of value to increase the attraction for young students in modern life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bohlin
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Alsmark
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina Wedén
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Backlund
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Wieser F, Yu J, Park J, Gaeddert A, Cohen M, Vigne JL, Taylor RN. A Botanical Extract from Channel Flow Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Induces Apoptosis, and Suppresses CCL5 in Human Endometriotic Stromal Cells1. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:371-7. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.075069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Tùng ĐT, Tuân ĐT, Rasool N, Villinger A, Reinke H, Fischer C, Langer P. Regioselective Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions and Metal-Halide Exchange Reactions of Tetrabromothiophene: Optimization, Scope and Limitations. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Freitas CS, Baggio CH, dos Santos AC, Mayer B, Twardowschy A, Luiz AP, Marcon R, Soldi C, Pizzolatti MG, dos Santos EP, Marques MCA, Santos ARS. Antinociceptive Properties of the Hydroalcoholic Extract, Fractions and Compounds Obtained from the Aerial Parts ofBaccharis illinitaDC in Mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 104:285-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Influence of composition upon the variety of tastes in Cinnamomi cortex. J Nat Med 2009; 63:261-6. [PMID: 19291358 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-009-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamomi cortex, which is normally referred to as cinnamon, is a very popular spice as well as an important natural medicine. High-quality cinnamon is traditionally believed to taste sweet and be strongly pungent without astringency. Cinnamomi cortex with larger amounts of cinnamaldehyde was sweeter in taste comparisons. The contents of tannins and sugars in cinnamon powder had little effect on the taste. Evaluations of the sweetness and pungency of cinnamaldehyde solutions (0.1, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/ml) were performed using volunteers. The scores for sweetness increased significantly from 0.10 to 0.50 mg/ml (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test), but there was no significant difference above 0.75 mg/ml. The concentration threshold for the sweet taste of cinnamaldehyde appeared to be less than 0.75 mg/ml, and the more concentrated solutions gave excessive pungency. Therefore, two contrastive tastes of Cinnamomi cortex, sweet and pungent, were both attributed to cinnamaldehyde. Consequently, its taste, one of its indices of quality, seems to vary mainly according to the content of cinnamaldehyde.
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Glickman JF, Schmid A, Ferrand S. Scintillation Proximity Assays in High-Throughput Screening. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2008; 6:433-55. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2008.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andres Schmid
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Pettersson J, Karlsson PC, Göransson U, Rafter JJ, Bohlin L. The flavouring phytochemical 2-pentanone reduces prostaglandin production and COX-2 expression in colon cancer cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:534-7. [PMID: 18310926 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many phytochemicals found in the diet may prevent colon carcinogenesis by affecting biochemical processes in the colonic mucosa. Inflammation and subsequent elevation of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are two such factors involved in the development of colon cancer, and inhibition of these processes could be important targets for chemoprevention. We have previously shown COX-2 inhibitory activity locally in the colon; e.g. in human fecal water from a group of vegetarians. In this study we focus on 2-pentanone, a frequently occurring compound in common foods such as banana and carrot. The aim was to study the inhibitory effects on prostaglandin production and COX-2 protein expression in tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulated colon cancer cells (HT29) by radioimmunoassay and Western blotting. 2-Pentanone inhibited both prostaglandin production and COX-2 protein expression in human colon cancer cells. A concentration of 400 mumol/l 2-pentanone inhibited the prostaglandin production by 56.9+/-12.9% which is in the same range as the reference compound NS398 (59.8+/-7.6%). The two highest concentrations of 2-pentanone were further analyzed by Western blot, and 400 micromol/l and 200 micromol/l 2-pentanone resulted in a 53.3+/-9.6% and +/-27.1% reduction of the COX-2 protein levels respectively. Further studies on flavouring compounds, for example 2-pentanone, as colon cancer chemopreventives would be very valuable, and such results may contribute to future dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Pettersson
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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41
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Ma YY, Huo HR, Li CH, Zhao BS, Li LF, Sui F, Guo SY, Jiang TL. Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on PGE 2 Release and TRPV4 Expression in Mouse Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells Induced by Interleukin-1β. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:426-30. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ying Ma
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science
| | - Hai-Ru Huo
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science
| | - Cang-Hai Li
- Medical Science Experimental Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Bao-Sheng Zhao
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science
| | - Lan-Fang Li
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science
| | - Feng Sui
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science
| | - Shu-Ying Guo
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science
| | - Ting-Liang Jiang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science
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42
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Geng Y, Liu J, Lv R, Yuan J, Lin Y, Wang X. An efficient method for extraction, separation and purification of eugenol from Eugenia caryophyllata by supercritical fluid extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Chang MC, Uang BJ, Tsai CY, Wu HL, Lin BR, Lee CS, Chen YJ, Chang CH, Tsai YL, Kao CJ, Jeng JH. Hydroxychavicol, a novel betel leaf component, inhibits platelet aggregation by suppression of cyclooxygenase, thromboxane production and calcium mobilization. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:73-82. [PMID: 17641677 PMCID: PMC1978281 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Platelet hyperactivity is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Betel leaf (PBL) is consumed by 200-600 million betel quid chewers in the world. Hydroxychavicol (HC), a betel leaf component, was tested for its antiplatelet effect. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested the effect of HC on platelet aggregation, thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, ex vivo platelet aggregation and mouse bleeding time and platelet plug formation in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of HC in rats was also assessed. KEY RESULTS HC inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and TXB(2) production. HC inhibited the thrombin-induced TXB(2) production, but not platelet aggregation. SQ29548, suppressed collagen- and thrombin-induced TXB(2) production, but not thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. HC also suppressed COX-1/COX-2 enzyme activity and the AA-induced ROS production and Ca(2+) mobilization. HC further inhibited the ex vivo platelet aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (>100 nmole/mouse) and prolonged platelet plug formation (>300 nmole/mouse) in mesenteric microvessels, but showed little effect on bleeding time in mouse tail. Moreover, pharmacokinetics analysis found that more than 99% of HC was metabolized within 3 min of administration in Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HC is a potent COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, ROS scavenger and inhibits platelet calcium signaling, TXB(2) production and aggregation. HC could be a potential therapeutic agent for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases through its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects, without effects on haemostatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - B J Uang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University Hsin-chu, Taiwan
| | - C Y Tsai
- Development Center for Biotechnology Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H L Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University Hsin-chu, Taiwan
| | - B R Lin
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C S Lee
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y J Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y L Tsai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C J Kao
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - J H Jeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei, Taiwan
- Author for correspondence:
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Wieser F, Cohen M, Gaeddert A, Yu J, Burks-Wicks C, Berga SL, Taylor RN. Evolution of medical treatment for endometriosis: back to the roots? Hum Reprod Update 2007; 13:487-99. [PMID: 17575287 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmm015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence is accumulating to suggest that medicinal botanicals have anti-inflammatory and pain-alleviating properties and hold promise for treatment of endometriosis. Herein, we present a systematic review of clinical and experimental data on the use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of endometriosis. Although there is a general lack of evidence from clinical studies on the potential efficacy of medicinal herbs for the treatment of endometriosis-associated symptoms, our review highlights the anti-inflammatory and pain-alleviating mechanisms of action of herbal remedies. Medicinal herbs and their active components exhibit cytokine-suppressive, COX-2-inhibiting, antioxidant, sedative and pain-alleviating properties. Each of these mechanisms of action would be predicted to have salutary effects in endometriosis. Better understanding of the mechanisms of action, toxicity and herb-herb and herb-drug interactions permits the optimization of design and execution of complementary alternative medicine trials for endometriosis-associated pain. A potential benefit of herbal therapy is the likelihood of synergistic interactions within individual or combinations of plants. In this sense, phytotherapies may be analogous to nutraceuticals or whole food nutrition. We encourage the development of herbal analogues and establishment of special, simplified registration procedures for certain medicinal products, particularly herbal derivates with a long tradition of safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Wieser
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Yu HS, Lee SY, Jang CG. Involvement of 5-HT1A and GABAA receptors in the anxiolytic-like effects of Cinnamomum cassia in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007; 87:164-70. [PMID: 17512974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An elevated plus maze (EPM) test was used to determine if the 5-HT1A, GABAA, and benzodiazepine receptors play a role in the anxiolytic-like effects of a 50% EtOH extract of Cinnamomum cassia (C. cassia) in mice. A single treatment with C. cassia (750 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the number of entries into and the time spent in the open arms of the EPM compared with the controls. A repeated treatment with C. cassia (100 mg/kg, 5 days, p.o.) significantly increased the time spent in the open arms of the EPM. Moreover, WAY 100635, (+)-bicuculline, and flumazenil blocked the effect of C. cassia. However, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and horizontal wire test observed in any group compared with the controls. Taken together, these results show that C. cassia has no adverse effects, such as myorelaxant effects, and might be an effective anxiolytic agent by regulating the serotonergic and GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sook Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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46
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Yao JC, Duan WG, Yun Y, Liu DQ, Yan M, Jiang ZZ, Zhang LY. Screening method for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs based on the cyclooxygenase 2 pathway activated by serum-free stimulation in A549 cells. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 127:527-32. [PMID: 17329938 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.127.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) pathway inhibitors were regarded as promising nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We discovered that the COX-2 pathway in A549 cells, a human lung cancer cell line, was activated by serum-free stimulation, and a drug screening model for NSAIDs was established based on this principle with simple performance and sufficient reliability. The COX-2 pathway was activated by treating with serum-free medium for 12 h. The activated cells were incubated with NS398 (selective COX-2 inhibitor), SC560 (selective COX-1 inhibitor), acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) (nonselective COX inhibitor) at 37 degrees C for 15 min. Then the cells were incubated with 10 microM of arachidonic acid (AA) for another 30 min prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1alpha) were assayed in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The results showed that the COX-2 pathway was dominant in A549 cells whether activated by serum-free medium or not, and the COX-1 pathway could be ignored. The model accepted the positive inhibition threshold as NS398 2 microM; if a compound (10 microM) inhibited COX-2 pathway more than NS398 (2 microM), it was regarded as a hit. The COX-2 pathway inhibition experiment showed that the Z;-factor of the screening model was 0.62, which suggests that the model is suitable for COX-2 pathway inhibitor screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng Yao
- National Center of New Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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47
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Rios MY, Aguilar-Guadarrama AB. Nitrogen-containing phorbol esters from Croton ciliatoglandulifer and their effects on cyclooxygenases-1 and -2. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:887-90. [PMID: 16792405 DOI: 10.1021/np0504311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Four new phorbol derivatives, 12-O-[(2R)-N,N-dimethyl-3-methylbutanoyl]-4-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate (1), 12-O-[(2S)-N,N-dimethyl-3-methylbutanoyl]-4-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate (2), 12-O-[3-methyl-2-butenoyl]-4-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate (3), and 12-O-[(2R)-N,N-dimethyl-3-methylbutanoyl]phorbol 13-acetate (4), along with six known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Croton ciliatoglandulifer. An anti-inflammatory activity of a hexane extract of this plant was demonstrated against ear edema in mice produced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, and compounds 1, 4, and 3beta-O-acetyloleanolic acid (5) were active when evaluated against cyclooxygenases-1 and -2.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Yolanda Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Guo JY, Huo HR, Zhao BS, Liu HB, Li LF, Ma YY, Guo SY, Jiang TL. Cinnamaldehyde reduces IL-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 activity in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 537:174-80. [PMID: 16624280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is a principle compound isolated from Guizhi-Tang, which is a famous traditional Chinese medical formula used to treat influenza, common cold and other pyretic conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on expression and activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (RCMEC). RCMEC were cultured, and identified by immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor in cytoplasm of the cells. Then cells were incubated in M199 medium containing interleukin (IL)-1beta in the presence or absence of cinnamaldehyde. After incubation, the medium was collected and the amount of PGE(2) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cells were harvested, mRNA expression and activity of COX were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with SYBR Green dye and ELISA respectively. Positive immunostaining for von Willebrand factor was present diffusely in the cytoplasm of >95% RCMEC. IL-1beta increased the mRNA expression and activity of COX-2, and production of PGE(2) in a dose- and time-dependent manner in RCMEC, while mRNA and activity of COX-1 were not significantly altered. Cinnamaldehyde significantly decreased IL-1beta-induced COX-2 activity and PGE(2) production in a dose-dependent manner, while it showed no inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced COX-2 mRNA expression in cultured RCMEC. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde reduces IL-1beta-induced COX-2 activity, but not IL-1beta-induced COX-2 mRNA expression, and consequently inhibits production of PGE(2) in cultured RCMEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-You Guo
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
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Yanaga A, Goto H, Nakagawa T, Hikiami H, Shibahara N, Shimada Y. Cinnamaldehyde Induces Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasorelaxant Action on Isolated Rat Aorta. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:2415-8. [PMID: 17142974 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vasorelaxant effect of cinnamaldehyde, one of the major oil components in Cinnamomi Cortex, was studied using isolated rat aorta. Cinnamaldehyde at final concentrations of 1 microM to 1 mM showed dose-dependent relaxation of the rat aorta contracted by treatment with prostaglandin F2alpha, norepinephrine or KCl. In addition, cinnamaldehyde relaxed prostaglandin F2alpha-precontracted aortic rings with endothelium and without endothelium, with the latter being significantly less sensitive than the former. Relaxation induced by cinnamaldehyde with endothelium was significantly inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), while nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin), beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (propranolol), an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (theophylline), a delayed rectifier K+ channel blocker (tetraethyl ammonium chloride), or an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker (glibenclamide) did not reduce the relaxation induced by cinnamaldehyde with endothelium treated by L-NAME. Conversely, aorta pretreatment with L-NAME and theophylline increased the relaxation by cinnamaldehyde significantly compared to aorta pretreatment with only L-NAME. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde significantly inhibited Ca2+-induced contraction. These results suggested that the vasorelaxant effects of cinnamaldehyde were derived from both endothelium-dependent and -independent effects. Endothelium-dependent relaxation is affected by nitric oxide, and one of the mechanisms of endothelium-independent relaxation is thought to be influenced by the blocking of Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Yanaga
- Department of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
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Karlsson PC, Huss U, Jenner A, Halliwell B, Bohlin L, Rafter JJ. Human fecal water inhibits COX-2 in colonic HT-29 cells: role of phenolic compounds. J Nutr 2005; 135:2343-9. [PMID: 16177193 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.10.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a major role in the regulation of inflammation and possibly in the development of colon cancer. The aim of the present study was to screen for COX-2 inhibitors in samples of fecal water (the aqueous phase of feces) and investigate whether phenolic compounds are responsible for any observed effects on COX-2. Volunteers (n = 20) were recruited and asked to supply a 24-h stool sample. Fecal water samples were prepared and analyzed by GC-MS for their content of phenolic compounds. These samples were also evaluated for their effects on COX-2 protein levels (Western blot) and prostaglandin (PG)E2 production in tumor necrosis-alpha-stimulated HT-29 cells and pure enzymatic activity in a COX-2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis in vitro assay. The major phenolic compounds identified were phenylpropionic acid, phenylacetic acid, cinnamic acid, and benzoic acid derivatives. Of 13 fecal water samples analyzed, 12 significantly decreased PGE2 production (range 5.4-39.7% inhibition, P-value < 0.05) compared with control cells and 13 of 14 samples analyzed decreased COX-2 protein levels in HT-29 cells (19-63% inhibition). Of the 20 fecal water samples, 2 also weakly inhibited enzymatic activity of purified COX-2 (22-24% inhibition). Three compounds identified in fecal water, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid, decreased the protein level at 250 micromol/L (15-62% inhibition). This study shows for the first time that human fecal water contains components that can affect both the COX-2 protein level and enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla C Karlsson
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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