1
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Zhou L, Li L, Zhang S, Kuang XK, Zhou YY, Tang Y. Catalytic Regio- and Enantioselective Remote Hydrocarboxylation of Unactivated Alkenes with CO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18823-18830. [PMID: 38950377 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic regio- and enantioselective hydrocarboxylation of alkenes with carbon dioxide is a straightforward strategy to construct enantioenriched α-chiral carboxylic acids but remains a big challenge. Herein we report the first example of catalytic highly enantio- and site-selective remote hydrocarboxylation of a wide range of readily available unactivated alkenes with abundant and renewable CO2 under mild conditions enabled by the SaBOX/Ni catalyst. The key to this success is utilizing the chiral SaBOX ligand, which combines with nickel to simultaneously control both chain-walking and the enantioselectivity of carboxylation. This process directly furnishes a range of different alkyl-chain-substituted or benzo-fused α-chiral carboxylic acids bearing various functional groups in high yields and regio- and enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of this methodology was demonstrated by the concise synthesis of the antiplatelet aggregation drug (R)-indobufen from commercial starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Liping Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Sudong Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kang Kuang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - You-Yun Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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2
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Lu J, Jiang Z, Dang J, Li D, Yu D, Qu C, Wu Q. GC-MS Combined with Fast GC E-Nose for the Analysis of Volatile Components of Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.). Foods 2024; 13:1865. [PMID: 38928807 PMCID: PMC11203138 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chamomile has become one of the world's most popular herbal teas due to its unique properties. Chamomile is widely used in dietary supplements, cosmetics, and herbal products. This study aimed to investigate the volatile aromatic components in chamomile. Two analytical techniques, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and an ultra-fast gas chromatography electronic nose, were employed to examine samples from Xinjiang (XJ), Shandong (SD), and Hebei (HB) in China, and imported samples from Germany (GER). The results revealed that all chamomile samples contained specific sesquiterpene compounds, including α-bisabolol, bisabolol oxide, bisabolone oxide, and chamazulene. Additionally, forty potential aroma components were identified by the electronic nose. The primary odor components of chamomile were characterized by fruity and spicy notes. The primary differences in the components of chamomile oil were identified as (E)-β-farnesene, chamazulene, α-bisabolol oxide B, spathulenol and α-bisabolone oxide A. Significant differences in aroma compounds included geosmin, butanoic acid, 2-butene, norfuraneol, γ-terpinene. This study demonstrates that GC-MS and the ultra-fast gas chromatography electronic nose can preliminarily distinguish chamomile from different areas, providing a method and guidance for the selection of origin and sensory evaluation of chamomile. The current study is limited by the sample size and it provides preliminary conclusions. Future studies with a larger sample size are warranted to further improve these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (Z.J.); (J.D.); (D.L.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (Z.J.); (J.D.); (D.L.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjie Dang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (Z.J.); (J.D.); (D.L.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dishuai Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (Z.J.); (J.D.); (D.L.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Daixin Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (Z.J.); (J.D.); (D.L.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (Z.J.); (J.D.); (D.L.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Gabbanini S, Neba JN, Matera R, Valgimigli L. Photochemical and Oxidative Degradation of Chamazulene Contained in Artemisia, Matricaria and Achillea Essential Oils and Setup of Protection Strategies. Molecules 2024; 29:2604. [PMID: 38893479 PMCID: PMC11173868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chamazulene (CA) is an intensely blue molecule with a wealth of biological properties. In cosmetics, chamazulene is exploited as a natural coloring and soothing agent. CA is unstable and tends to spontaneously degrade, accelerated by light. We studied the photodegradation of CA upon controlled exposure to UVB-UVA irradiation by multiple techniques, including GC-MS, UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS and by direct infusion in ESI-MSn, which were matched to in silico mass spectral simulations to identify degradation products. Seven byproducts formed upon UVA exposure for 3 h at 70 mW/cm2 (blue-to-green color change) were identified, including CA dimers and CA benzenoid, which were not found on extended 6 h irradiation (green-to-yellow fading). Photostability tests with reduced irradiance conducted in various solvents in the presence/absence of air indicated highest degradation in acetonitrile in the presence of oxygen, suggesting a photo-oxidative mechanism. Testing in the presence of antioxidants (tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, hydroxytyrosol, bakuchiol, γ-terpinene, TEMPO and their combinations) indicated the highest protection by tocopherol and TEMPO. Sunscreens ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and particularly Tinosorb® S (but not octocrylene) showed good CA photoprotection. Thermal stability tests indicated no degradation of CA in acetonitrile at 50 °C in the dark for 50 days; however, accelerated degradation occurred in the presence of ascorbyl palmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gabbanini
- R&D Department, BeC s.r.l., Via C. Monteverdi 49, 47122 Forlì, Italy;
| | - Jerome Ngwa Neba
- Department of Chemistry “Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Matera
- R&D Department, BeC s.r.l., Via C. Monteverdi 49, 47122 Forlì, Italy;
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry “Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via D. Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy
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Prosche S, Stappen I. Flower Power: An Overview on Chemistry and Biological Impact of Selected Essential Oils from Blossoms. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:595-626. [PMID: 38843799 DOI: 10.1055/a-2215-2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Natural raw materials such as essential oils have received more and more attention in recent decades, whether in the food industry, as flavorings and preservatives, or as insecticides and insect repellents. They are, furthermore, very popular as fragrances in perfumes, cosmetics, and household products. In addition, aromatherapy is widely used to complement conventional medicine. This review summarizes investigations on the chemical composition and the most important biological impacts of essential oils and volatile compounds extracted from selected aromatic blossoms, including Lavandula angustifolia, Matricaria recutita, Rosa x damascena, Jasminum grandiflorum, Citrus x aurantium, Cananga odorata, and Michelia alba. The literature was collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Blossom essential oils discussed in this work are used in a wide variety of clinical issues. The application is consistently described as safe in studies and meta-analyses, although there are notes that using essential oils can also have side effects, especially dermatologically. However, it can be considered as confirmed that essential oils have positive influences on humans and can improve quality of life in patients with psychiatric disorders, critically ill patients, and patients in other exceptional situations. Although the positive effect of essential oils from blossoms has repeatedly been reported, evidence-based clinical investigations are still underrepresented, and the need for research is demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinah Prosche
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Stappen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
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5
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Sgadari F, Vaglica A, Porrello A, Crisafulli A, Schicchi R, Bruno M. Screening of the essential oil of Thapsia garganica subsp. messanensis (Guss.) Brullo & al., an endemic plant of Sicily (Italy). Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38759214 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2354854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The genus Thapsia L., belonging to the Scandiceae tribe of the Apiaceae family, is mainly distributed in the Mediterranean area, North Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula. The use of plants of this genus in popular medicine dates back to the age of ancient Greeks. In the present study the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Thapsia garganica subsp. messanensis (Guss.) Brullo & al., an endemic plant of Sicily, never previously investigated, was evaluated by GC-MS. The main components of its essential oil (Tgm) were 1,4-dimethylazulene (17.0%), chamazulene (10.1%), 3-methyl nonane (7.0%), and butyl heptanoate (4.6%). The comparison with all the other studied essential oils of the genus Thapsia is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sgadari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vaglica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Crisafulli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Rosario Schicchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Sepp J, Koshovyi O, Jakstas V, Žvikas V, Botsula I, Kireyev I, Tsemenko K, Kukhtenko O, Kogermann K, Heinämäki J, Raal A. Phytochemical, Technological, and Pharmacological Study on the Galenic Dry Extracts Prepared from German Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flowers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:350. [PMID: 38337883 PMCID: PMC10857454 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Galenic preparations of German chamomile are used to treat mild skin diseases, inflammation, and spasms, and they have also been reported to have anxiolytic and sedative effects. The medicinal use of chamomile is well known in ethnomedicine. After obtaining its galenic preparations, there is lots of waste left, so it is expedient to develop waste-free technologies. The aims of this study were to gain knowledge of the ethnomedical status of chamomile in the past and present, develop methods for preparing essential oils and dry extracts from German chamomile flowers using complex processing, reveal the phytochemical composition of such extracts, and verify the analgesic and soporific activity of the extracts. Two methods for the complex processing of German chamomile flowers were developed, which allowed us to obtain the essential oil and dry extracts of the tincture and aqueous extracts as byproducts. A total of 22 phenolic compounds (7 hydroxycinnamic acids, 13 flavonoids, and 2 phenolic acids) were found in the dry extracts by using UPLC-MS/MS. In total, nine main terpenoids were identified in the chamomile oil, which is of the bisabolol chemotype. During the production of chamomile tincture, a raw material-extractant ratio of 1:14-1:16 and triple extraction are recommended for its highest yield. In in vivo studies with mice and rats, the extracts showed analgesic activity and improvements in sleep. The highest sedative and analgesic effects in rodents were found with the dry extract prepared by using a 70% aqueous ethanol solution for extraction at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The developed methods for the complex processing of German chamomile flowers are advisable for implementation into the pharmaceutical industry to reduce the volume of waste during the production of its essential oil and tincture, and to obtain new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Sepp
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.S.); (O.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Oleh Koshovyi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.S.); (O.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.)
- Pharmacognosy Department, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Valdas Jakstas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.J.); (V.Ž.)
| | - Vaidotas Žvikas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.J.); (V.Ž.)
| | - Iryna Botsula
- Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Department, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (I.B.); (I.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Igor Kireyev
- Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Department, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (I.B.); (I.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Karina Tsemenko
- Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Department, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (I.B.); (I.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Oleksandr Kukhtenko
- Pharmaceutical Technology of Drugs Department, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.S.); (O.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.S.); (O.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Ain Raal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (J.S.); (O.K.); (K.K.); (J.H.)
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Yu R, Luo J, Liu L, Peng X. Hypoglycemic Effect of Edible Fungi Polysaccharides Depends on Their Metabolites from the Fermentation of Human Fecal Microbiota. Foods 2023; 13:97. [PMID: 38201125 PMCID: PMC10778959 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Edible fungi polysaccharides are widely sourced and have various physiological activities, including hypoglycemic. Current studies mainly focus on the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides themselves, while the strength of the hypoglycemic activity of edible fungi polysaccharides from different sources remained elusive. This study compared the hypoglycemic activity of different edible fungi polysaccharides after in vitro fermentation by fecal bacteria, combined with non-targeted metabolomics and 16S rDNA analysis, to screen out potential key metabolites related to the hypoglycemic activity. The results show that the fermentation supernatants of all four edible fungi polysaccharides significantly increased the glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis of IR-HepG2, also up-regulated the level of hexokinase and down-regulated the level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. All fermentation supernatants could alleviate the insulin resistance of IR-HepG2 cells by regulating the expression levels of genes related to the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Gingerglycolipid A, sphinganine 1-phosphate, matricin, tricarballylic acid, N-carbamoylputrescine, nomega-acetylhistamine, tyramine, and benzamide could be considered as potential key metabolites to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects. Their levels were strongly positively correlated with the abundance of Candidatus_Stoquefichu, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, Bacteroides, Eubacterium_ventriosum_group, Anaerostipes, Parabacteroides, and Agathobacter. These metabolites and microorganisms are closely related to the hypoglycemic activity of edible fungi polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Russo A, Graziano A, Bruno M, Cardile V, Rigano D. Apoptosis induction of essential oils from Artemisia arborescens L. in human prostate cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115929. [PMID: 36379416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Prostate cancer originates from cells inside a gland, which begin to grow out of control. In the world, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in the male population. New therapeutic strategies are needed for this tumor which still has a high mortality. A. arborescens leaves and aerial parts have various ethnopharmacological uses such as anti-spasmodic, and their decoctions were used to resolve urticaria, neuralgia and several lung diseases. Often this species has been also used to treat different inflammatory-related diseases such as cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY In a continuation of our research on essential oils from medicinal plants, we have selected, two essential oils from Artemisia arborescens L. (Compositae), an aromatic shrub widely used in traditional medicine. We evaluated their pro-apototic effect on androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-insensitive (DU-145) human prostate cancer cells. In this study, we also evaluated the anti-Signal transducer and transcription factor 3 (STAT-3) activity of both essential oils in the human prostate cancer cell lines, and the treatment with Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-Related Apoptosis (TRAIL). MATERIALS AND METHODS The cells were exposed to essential oils for 72 h and cell viability and cell membrane integrity were evaluated. Genomic DNA and the activity of caspase-3 was tested to confirm the cell death for apoptosis. Western blot analysis was employed to evaluate the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, Hsp70, STAT-3 and SOD proteins. Assays to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GSH levels were also performed. RESULTS The results showed the capacity of two essential oils to activate an apoptotic process increasing the inhibition of Hsp70 and STAT-3 protein expression. In addition, our natural products sensitize LNCaP cells to Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-Related Apoptosis (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study provides a further contribution to the hypothesis of the use of essential oils, from traditional medicinal plants, for the treatment of tumors, and suggests that the combination of our samples with other anti-prostate cancer therapies could be used to affect prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Russo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Adriana Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Ou Y, Ye Q, Deng W, Xu Z. Mechanism and Origin of CuH‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Allenes. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ru Ou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
| | - Qi Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
| | - Zheng‐Yang Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
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Khemis E, Mustapha MB, Chaieb I, Ascrizzi R, Flamini G, Harrath AH, Jannet HB, Zardi-Bergaoui A. Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Tribolium Castaneum of Thapsia garganica L. Seed Essential Oil. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200646. [PMID: 36649489 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the several side effects of synthetic pesticides, including environmental pollution, threats to human health, and the development of pest resistance to insecticides, the use of alternative healthy, available and efficient agents in pest management strategies is necessary. Recently, the use of essential oil obtained from aromatic plants has shown significant potential for insect pest management. For this reason, the essential oil isolated from seeds of Thapsia garganica L. was investigated for the first time for its chemical profile, and its toxicity and repellency effects against Tribolium castaneum adults. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the chemical composition by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the presence of 18 organic volatiles representing 96.8 % of the total constituents. The main compounds were 1,4-dimethylazulene (51.3 %) followed by methyl palmitate (8.2 %), methyl linoleate (6.2 %) and costol (5.1 %). Concerning the repellent effect, results revealed that SEO (Seed Essential Oil) was very repellent towards T. castaneum adults, with 100 % repellency after 2 h of exposure. Furthermore, the essential oil exhibited remarkable contact toxicity against T. castaneum (93.3 % of mortality) at the concentration of 10 % (v/v). The median lethal dose (LD50 ) of the topical application of the seed essential oil was 4.4 %. These encouraging outcomes suggested that the essential oil from T. garganica seeds could be considered a potent natural alternative to residual persistent and toxic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Khemis
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mayssa Ben Mustapha
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ikbel Chaieb
- University of Sousse, Regional Center of Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, 57, ChottMariem, TN-4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Afifa Zardi-Bergaoui
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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A Comprehensive Study of Therapeutic Applications of Chamomile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101284. [PMID: 36297396 PMCID: PMC9611340 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chamomile has a long history of traditional medicinal uses. The two commonly used varieties with therapeutic applications are German chamomile known as Matricaria chamomilla L. and Roman chamomile or Chamaemelum nobile L. The plant contains many components, namely, flavonoids, terpenoids, and coumarins, which are responsible for its medicinal properties. The review discusses recent developments that help in establishing its role as a therapeutic agent in various areas as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, anticancer, and anti-hypertensive agent. Not much is known about its role in the treatment of CNS disorders and metabolic syndromes, which are also discussed. The chemical components responsible for the therapeutic activity and the respective mechanism of action are also elaborated.
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Bunse M, Daniels R, Gründemann C, Heilmann J, Kammerer DR, Keusgen M, Lindequist U, Melzig MF, Morlock GE, Schulz H, Schweiggert R, Simon M, Stintzing FC, Wink M. Essential Oils as Multicomponent Mixtures and Their Potential for Human Health and Well-Being. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956541. [PMID: 36091825 PMCID: PMC9449585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and their individual volatile organic constituents have been an inherent part of our civilization for thousands of years. They are widely used as fragrances in perfumes and cosmetics and contribute to a healthy diet, but also act as active ingredients of pharmaceutical products. Their antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties have qualified EOs early on for both, the causal and symptomatic therapy of a number of diseases, but also for prevention. Obtained from natural, mostly plant materials, EOs constitute a typical example of a multicomponent mixture (more than one constituent substances, MOCS) with up to several hundreds of individual compounds, which in a sophisticated composition make up the property of a particular complete EO. The integrative use of EOs as MOCS will play a major role in human and veterinary medicine now and in the future and is already widely used in some cases, e.g., in aromatherapy for the treatment of psychosomatic complaints, for inhalation in the treatment of respiratory diseases, or topically administered to manage adverse skin diseases. The diversity of molecules with different functionalities exhibits a broad range of multiple physical and chemical properties, which are the base of their multi-target activity as opposed to single isolated compounds. Whether and how such a broad-spectrum effect is reflected in natural mixtures and which kind of pharmacological potential they provide will be considered in the context of ONE Health in more detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bunse
- Department of Analytical Development and Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar R. Kammerer
- Department of Analytical Development and Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll, Germany
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Consulting & Project Management for Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Stahnsdorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Institute of Beverage Research, Chair of Analysis and Technology of Plant-Based Foods, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Meinhard Simon
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Florian C. Stintzing
- Department of Analytical Development and Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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El-Meligy A, El-Demerdash SH, Abdel-Rahman MA, Mahmoud MAM, Taketsugu T, El-Nahas AM. Structures, Energetics, and Spectra of (NH) and (OH) Tautomers of 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-azaazulene: A Density Functional Theory/Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14222-14238. [PMID: 35559155 PMCID: PMC9089341 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tautomerization of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-azaazulene (2OHPhAZ) in the gas phase and ethanol has been studied using B3LYP, M06-2X, and ωB97XD density functional theory (DFT) with different basis sets. For more accurate data, energies were refined at CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,2p) in the gas phase. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), aromaticity, Fukui functions, acidity, and basicity were also calculated and compared with experimental data. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)-solvation model based on density (TDDFT-SMD) calculations in acetonitrile have been utilized for the simulation of UV-vis electronic spectra. In addition, electronic structures of the investigated system have been discussed. The results reveal that the enol form (2OHPhAZ) is thermodynamically and kinetically stable relative to the keto tautomer (2OPhAZ) and different rotamers (2OHPhAZ-R1:R3) in the gas phase and ethanol. A comparison with the experiment illustrates a good agreement and supports the computational findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa
B. El-Meligy
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia
University, Shebin
El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed A. M. Mahmoud
- Basic
Sciences Department, Tanta Higher Institute
of Engineering and Technology, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ahmed M. El-Nahas
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia
University, Shebin
El-Kom 32512, Egypt
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Shirakawa S, Matsushima Y, Kajiyama S, Suzuki T, Nagano T, Nikaidou M, Gomi K. Effects of natural herb-containing dental toothpaste on periodontal pathogenic bacteria and clinical parameters: A randomized clinical trial. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Essential oil therapy in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 43:101391. [PMID: 33865080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper aims to review articles that have evaluated the role of essential oil therapy in patients with rheumatic diseases. METHODOLOGY Systematic review. No study design or language limitation was applied. RESULTS We have identified 13 articles, most of them were used in osteoarthritis (n = 4), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 3) and fibromyalgia (n = 3). Two studies included patients with RA and OA (n = 2). The number of people involved in the study varied from 9 to 162, where female sex was observed in 60-100%. The age of the patients ranged from 36 to 78.3 years old and disease duration 1-11.67 years. The lavender essential oil was the most used, and then Ginger oil, Rosemary oil, and Rosmarinus officinalis. Time of oil use varied from 2 to 12 weeks. Importantly, all studies but one (91.6%) have demonstrated the efficacy of aromatherapy. CONCLUSION There are few reports on essential oils in rheumatic disease, mainly osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia. All but one study have showed the efficacy of this complementary therapy.
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Feng S, Buchwald SL. CuH-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Allenes: Toward Carboxylic Acids with Acyclic Quaternary Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4935-4941. [PMID: 33761252 PMCID: PMC8058699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a method to prepare α-chiral carboxylic acid derivatives, including those bearing all-carbon quaternary centers, through an enantioselective CuH-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of allenes with a commercially available fluoroformate. A broad range of heterocycles and functional groups on the allenes were tolerated in this protocol, giving enantioenriched α-quaternary and tertiary carboxylic acid derivatives in good yields with exclusive branched regioselectivity. The synthetic utility of this approach was further demonstrated by derivatization of the products to afford biologically important compounds, including the antiplatelet drug indobufen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Russo C, Edwards KD, Margetts G, Kleidonas S, Zaibi NS, Clapham JC, Zaibi MS. Effects of Salvia officinalis L. and Chamaemelum nobile (L.) extracts on inflammatory responses in two models of human cells: Primary subcutaneous adipocytes and neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113614. [PMID: 33246119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia officinalis L. (sage), and Chamaemelum nobile (L.) (chamomile) have been used traditionally to treat various inflammatory conditions. AIMS Our study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of both plant extracts in IL-1β-stimulated neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH) and human subcutaneous mature adipocytes, as well as their potential protective effects against mature adipocytes conditioned media (ACM)-induced neuro-inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human subcutaneous mature adipocytes and neuroblastoma cells were treated with 5 μg/ml (low dose: LD) and 50 μg/ml (high dose: HD) of each extract, with or without 0.5 ng/ml of human recombinant IL-1β. To understand the cross talk between fat tissue and neuronal cells, SK-N-SH cell line was incubated with ACM 10%, in presence or absence of both extracts LD and HD. Following 4, and 24 h incubation, the released MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and SAA levels were measured using MSD Cytokines and Chemokines assay kits, and the cells were used for gene expression. RNA was quantified using Qubit™ RNA HS Assay. RNA aliquots were shipped to Eurofins Genomics (Aarhus, Denmark) for expression analysis on the human Clariom™ GO Screen Assay (952,361; ThermoFisher). RESULTS Chamomile showed stronger effects compared to sage in both cell lines, at 4 and 24 h. Adipocytes acute treatment with sage decreased MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8 (p < 0.001), and TNF-α (p < 0.05) basal levels. This was mirrored at MCP-1 transcriptional level. Chronic treatment with both extracts resulted in a significant reduction in ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and SAA (p < 0.001) levels, in IL-1β-stimulated adipocytes. However, in SK-N-SH cells, sage increased the basal levels of many cytokines and chemokines on both protein and transcriptional levels. This was also observed in IL-1β-stimulated cells. In chamomile treated SK-N-SH cells, acute and chronic treatments decreased MCP-1 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.01), TNF-α (p < 0.01), and IL-8 (p < 0.001) basal levels. In IL1-β-stimulated SK-N-SH cells, chamomile HD induced a significant reduction in TNF-α after both acute and chronic treatments respectively, by 52% and 81%. At transcriptional level, this effect was only reflected at 4 h. ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and SAA levels were reduced in most of the studied conditions. In IL-1β treated adipocytes, chamomile showed stronger reduction in MCP-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, however no significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-8 was observed, despite the decrease in basal levels. In SK-N-SH cells, ACM increased MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, VCAM-1 and SAA levels. Sage HD acute treatment resulted in a reduction of ACM effect on IL-6, IL-8 and VCAM-1, with greater effect of chamomile on MCP-1 (p < 0.05); IL-6 (p < 0.001); TNF-α (p < 0.001); VCAM-1 (p < 0.001); and SAA (p < 0.001). This protective effect was also observed after chronic treatment. However, both extracts potentiated significantly the ACM-pro-inflammatory effect on IL-8 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Sage decreased the pro-inflammatory markers mostly in human adipocytes, whereas chamomile showed a strong reduction in both cell populations. Both extracts reduced the ACM-induced inflammation effect and might be used as a preventive treatment for late-life cognitive impairment related to low-grade chronic inflammation associated with obesity. Further studies are needed to investigate their combination on other chronic inflammation-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Russo
- Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, The Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, MK18 1EG, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Kieron D Edwards
- Sibelius Ltd., 20 East Central, 127 Olympic Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4SA, UK.
| | - Gemma Margetts
- Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, The Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, MK18 1EG, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Sotirios Kleidonas
- Sibelius Ltd., 20 East Central, 127 Olympic Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4SA, UK.
| | - Nawel S Zaibi
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Hospital Claude Huriez, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - John C Clapham
- Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, The Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, MK18 1EG, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Mohamed S Zaibi
- Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, The Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, MK18 1EG, Buckingham, UK.
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Murfin LC, Lewis SE. Azulene-A Bright Core for Sensing and Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020353. [PMID: 33445502 PMCID: PMC7826776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Azulene is a hydrocarbon isomer of naphthalene known for its unusual colour and fluorescence properties. Through the harnessing of these properties, the literature has been enriched with a series of chemical sensors and dosimeters with distinct colorimetric and fluorescence responses. This review focuses specifically on the latter of these phenomena. The review is subdivided into two sections. Section one discusses turn-on fluorescent sensors employing azulene, for which the literature is dominated by examples of the unusual phenomenon of azulene protonation-dependent fluorescence. Section two focuses on fluorescent azulenes that have been used in the context of biological sensing and imaging. To aid the reader, the azulene skeleton is highlighted in blue in each compound.
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19
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Mohamed ME, Elsayed SA, Madkor HR, Eldien HMS, Mohafez OM. Yarrow oil ameliorates ulcerative colitis in mice model via regulating the NF-κB and PPAR-γ pathways. Intest Res 2020; 19:194-205. [PMID: 32819032 PMCID: PMC8100379 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with indefinite etiology; however, environmental, genetic, immune factors and microbial agents could be implicated in its pathogenesis. UC treatment is lifelong, therefore; the potential side effects and cost of the therapy are significant. Yarrow is a promising medicinal plant with the ability to treat many disorders, owing to its bioactive compounds especially the essential oil. The main aim of this research was to investigate the therapeutic effect of the yarrow oil on colitis including the involved mechanism of action. Methods In 21-female C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups; control group, colitis model group, and oil-treated group. Groups 2 and 3 received 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 9 days, and concomitantly, only group 3 was given 100 mg/kg yarrow oil. Mice were examined for their body weight, stool consistency and bleeding, and the disease activity indexes were calculated. Results Oral administration of yarrow oil markedly repressed the severity of UC via the reduction of the inflammatory signs and restoring colon length. The oil was able to down-regulate nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), up-regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and enhance transforming growth factor-β expression. The oil normalized the tumor necrosis factor-α expression, restored the normal serum level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and reduced the serum level of IL-6. Conclusions Yarrow oil mitigated UC symptoms and regulated the inflammatory cytokines secretion via regulation of NF-κB and PPAR-γ pathways in the mice model, however, this recommendation requires further investigations using clinical studies to confirm the use of the oil on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged E Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Elsayed
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hafez R Madkor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba M Saad Eldien
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omar M Mohafez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Wang X, Dong K, Ma Y, Jin Q, Yin S, Wang S. Hepatoprotective effects of chamazulene against alcohol-induced liver damage by alleviation of oxidative stress in rat models. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:251-258. [PMID: 33817213 PMCID: PMC7874619 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury and disease caused by alcohol is a common complication to human health worldwide. Chamazulene is a natural proazulene with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of chamazulene against ethanol-induced liver injury in rat models. Adult Wistar rats were orally treated with 50% v/v ethanol (8-12 mL/kg body weight [b.w.]) for 6 weeks to induce alcoholic liver injury. Chamazulene was administered orally to rats 1 h prior to ethanol administration at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg b.w. for 6 weeks. Silymarin, a commercial drug for hepatoprotection, was orally administered (50 mg/kg b.w.) for the positive control group. Chamazulene significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde, whereas the levels of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and reduced glutathione were significantly restored (p < 0.05) in contrast to the ethanol model group. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) were suppressed by chamazulene (p < 0.05) with relevance to ethanol-induced liver injury. Histopathological alterations were convincing in the chamazulene-treated groups, which showed protective effects against alcoholic liver injury. Chamazulene has a significant hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced liver injury through alleviation of oxidative stress and prevention of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- No. 2 Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical
Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,
Chengdu, Sichuan,
610047, China
| | - Ke Dong
- No. 2 Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical
Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,
Chengdu, Sichuan,
610047, China
| | - Yujing Ma
- No. 2 Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical
Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,
Chengdu, Sichuan,
610047, China
| | - Qizhi Jin
- No. 2 Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical
Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,
Chengdu, Sichuan,
610047, China
| | - Shujun Yin
- No. 2 Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical
Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,
Chengdu, Sichuan,
610047, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Echocardiography & Noninvasive Cardiology
Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial
People’s Hospital, Chengdu,
Sichuan, 610047, China
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Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and diabetes mellitus, current knowledge and the way forward: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2020; 48:102284. [PMID: 31987240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chamomile, as a rich source of phenolic compounds and terpenoids, seems to be an effective approach in the management of chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence from animal and human studies of the effects of chamomile on metabolic risk markers and complications of diabetes mellitus. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, ProQuest and Google Scholar electronic and were considered the articles published on April 2019. Original studies that investigated the effect of chamomile in diabetes mellitus which met the inclusion criteria were eligible. After screening 208 citations, 15 studies were included. The results of these studies demonstrated a significant effect of chamomile administration on metabolic profiles. All 12 studies that examined the impact of chamomile supplementation on glycemic control indicated this feature. Four of the five studies appraising the impact of chamomile on lipid profiles showed that it improved dyslipidemia. Six studies showed that chamomile markedly decreased oxidative stress particularly malondialdehyde. Altogether, four chamomile studies evaluating diabetes complications, including renal and hepatic profiles, found significant decreases compared to controls. These findings extend the novel functions of chamomile in the improvement of glycemic and lipid profiles and oxidative stress indicators in diabetes mellitus and related complications. In-depth studies focusing on underlying mechanisms are warranted to make useful conclusions.
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Bai X, Wang W, Wang Y, Li J. Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of matricin on human non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells via MAPK pathway activation. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220942335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer in humans is majorly represented by non-small cell lung cancer cells, and there is a constant search for an efficient therapeutic approach. This study aims to find the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of matricin on H1299 cells via activation of MAPK pathway. Non-small cell H1299 cells were subjected to viability analysis with MTT assay and anti-proliferation analysis with different concentrations of matricin. Apoptosis was determined with annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) and flow cytometric analysis. Analysis of oxidative stress markers, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were done using standard assay kits. Apoptosis enzymes caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 levels were measured using colorimetric kit analysis. Western blot analysis on apoptotic proteins was performed to determine the involvement of MAPK pathway activation in apoptosis. Matricin significantly ( P < 0.01) exerted anti-proliferative activities on H1299 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric apoptosis analysis showed increasing concentrations of matricin had increased apoptosis ( P < 0.01) in the H1299 cells. Levels of oxidative stress markers were altered significantly ( P < 0.01) by matricin. Caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 levels were significantly increased ( P < 0.01) in matricin-treated H1299 cells. Western blot analysis showed decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, increased expressions of Bax and phosphorylated JNK, ERK 1/2, and p-38 MAPK proteins in matricin-treated H1299 cells. Matricin has significant anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects via activation of MAPK pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, China
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Ma D, He J, He D. Chamazulene reverses osteoarthritic inflammation through regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and NF-kβ pathway in in-vitro and in-vivo models. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:402-410. [PMID: 31642732 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1682511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of chamazulene against IL-1β-induced rat primary chondrocytes and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced osteoarthritic inflammation in rats. Oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulatory proteins were measured. Chamazulene significantly reverted (p < 0.05) the levels of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) enzymes against IL-1β and CFA-induced oxidative stress. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were reduced (p < 0.05) in chamazulene treatment against IL-1β and CFA-induced inflammation. Western blot analysis results on the expressions of MMP-3, MMP-9, p65 NF-kβ, iNOS, and COX-2 showed chamazulene was able to protect the chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced osteoarthritic inflammation. Histopathology of rat hind ankle showed chamazulene significantly protected against CFA-induced osteoarthritic inflammation. Therefore, chamazulene can be recommended as a therapeutic agent for clinical trials against osteoarthritic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinlong He
- Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Orthopedics, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dapeng He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shaanxi, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
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Gad SF, El-Demerdash SH, El-Mehasseb IM, El-Nahas AM. Structure, stability and conversions of tautomers and rotamers of azulene-based uracil analogue. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Searching for Chymase Inhibitors among Chamomile Compounds Using a Computational-Based Approach. Biomolecules 2018; 9:biom9010005. [PMID: 30583487 PMCID: PMC6358779 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of chymase have good potential to provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We used a computational approach based on pharmacophore modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the potential ability of 13 natural compounds from chamomile extracts to bind chymase enzyme. The results indicated that some chamomile compounds can bind to the active site of human chymase. In particular, chlorogenic acid had a predicted binding energy comparable or even better than that of some known chymase inhibitors, interacted stably with key amino acids in the chymase active site, and appeared to be more selective for chymase than other serine proteases. Therefore, chlorogenic acid is a promising starting point for developing new chymase inhibitors.
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Peña-Espinoza M, Valente AH, Thamsborg SM, Simonsen HT, Boas U, Enemark HL, López-Muñoz R, Williams AR. Antiparasitic activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus) and its natural bioactive compounds in livestock: a review. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:475. [PMID: 30134991 PMCID: PMC6106872 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing drug resistance in gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of livestock and concerns about chemical residues in animal products and the environment are driving the development of alternative control strategies that are less reliant on the use of synthetic drugs. An increasingly investigated approach is the use of bioactive forages with antiparasitic properties as part of the animal's diet (nutraceuticals) or as potential sources of novel, natural parasiticides. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a multi-purpose crop and one of the most promising bioactive forages in temperate regions, and numerous in vivo trials have explored its potential against parasitic nematodes in livestock. However, it is unclear whether chicory can induce a direct and broad activity against various GI parasites in different livestock species, and the levels of chicory in the diet that are required to exert an efficient antiparasitic effect. Moreover, the mechanisms leading to the reported parasiticidal activity of chicory are still largely unknown, and its bioactive phytochemicals have only recently been investigated. In this review, we summarise the progress in the study of the antiparasitic activity of chicory and its natural bioactive compounds against GI parasites in livestock, through examination of the published literature. The available evidence indicates that feeding chicory can reduce faecal egg counts and/or worm burdens of abomasal nematodes, but not infections with intestinal worms, in ruminants. Highly chicory-rich diets (≥ 70% of chicory dry matter in the diet) may be necessary to directly affect abomasal parasitism. Chicory is known to synthesise several bioactive compounds with potential antiparasitic activity, but most research has been devoted to the role of sesquiterpene lactones (SL). Recent in vitro studies have confirmed direct and potent activity of SL-rich extracts from chicory against different GI helminths of livestock. Chicory SL have also been reported to exhibit antimalarial properties and its potential antiprotozoal activity in livestock remains to be evaluated. Furthermore, the detailed identification of the main antiparasitic metabolites of chicory and their pharmacokinetics need further confirmation. Research gaps and perspectives on the potential use of chicory as a nutraceutical forage and a source of bioactive compounds for parasite control in livestock are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Angela H. Valente
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stig M. Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik T. Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Boas
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi L. Enemark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750, N-0106 Oslo, Sentrum Norway
| | - Rodrigo López-Muñoz
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Azulene – Thiophene – Cyanoacrylic acid dyes with donor-π-acceptor structures. Synthesis, characterisation and evaluation in dye-sensitized solar cells. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Mazzei R, De Marco EV, Gallo O, Tagarelli G. Italian folk plant-based remedies to heal headache (XIX-XX century). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:417-433. [PMID: 28899648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Headache has been recognized since antiquity. From the late nineteenth to the early to mid-twentieth century, Italian folk remedies to treat headache were documented in a vast corpus of literature sources. AIM The purpose of this paper is to bring to light the plant-based treatments utilized by Italian folk medicine to heal headache in an attempt to discuss these remedies from a modern pharmacological point of view. Moreover, we compare the medical applications described by Hippocrates, Pliny the Elder, Dioscorides, Galen and Serenus Sammonicus with those utilized by Italian folk medicine to check if they result from a sort of continuity of use by over two thousand years. RESULTS A detailed search of the scientific data banks such as Medline and Scopus was undertaken to uncover recent results concerning the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and analgesic activities of the plants. Fifty-eight (78.4%) plant-based remedies have shown in vivo, in vitro or in human trials a large spectrum of anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and analgesic activities. Moreover, thirty-one of remedies (41.9%) were already included in the pharmacopoeia between the 5th century BC and the 2nd century AD. CONCLUSION Italian folk medicine could be a promising source of knowledge and could provide evidences for active principles that have not as of yet been fully used for their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalucia Mazzei
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Cavour 4-6, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Elvira V De Marco
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, C.da Burga, 87050 Mangone (CS), Italy
| | - Olivier Gallo
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, C.da Burga, 87050 Mangone (CS), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tagarelli
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Cavour 4-6, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Reis Simas DL, Mérida-Reyes MS, Muñoz-Wug MA, Cordeiro MS, Giorno TBS, Taracena EA, Oliva-Hernández BE, Martínez-Arévalo JV, Fernandes PD, Pérez-Sabino JF, Jorge Ribeiro da Silva A. Chemical composition and evaluation of antinociceptive activity of the essential oil of Stevia serrata Cav. from Guatemala. Nat Prod Res 2017; 33:577-579. [PMID: 29130346 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1399376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The composition and the antinociceptive activity of the essential oil of Stevia serrata Cav. from a population located in the west highlands of Guatemala were evaluated. A yield of 0.2% (w/w) of essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of the dried aerial parts of the plant. The essential oil analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS showed a high content of sesquiterpenoids, with chamazulene (60.1%) as the major component and 91.5% of the essential oil composition was identified. To evaluate antinociceptive activity in mice, the essential oil of S. serrata Cav. was administered as gavage, using three different doses. In the formalin test, the animals were pre-treated with oral doses of the essential oil before the administration of formalin. Oral administration of S. serrata Cav. essential oil produced a marked antinociceptive activity. Therefore, the plant could be domesticated as a source of essential oil rich in chamazulene for developing medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Luiz Reis Simas
- a Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Max Samuel Mérida-Reyes
- b Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia , Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala , Guatemala City , Guatemala
| | - Manuel Alejandro Muñoz-Wug
- b Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia , Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala , Guatemala City , Guatemala
| | - Millena Santos Cordeiro
- c Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Thais Biondino Sardella Giorno
- c Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Edwin Adolfo Taracena
- b Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia , Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala , Guatemala City , Guatemala
| | | | | | - Patricia Dias Fernandes
- c Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Juan Francisco Pérez-Sabino
- b Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia , Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala , Guatemala City , Guatemala
| | - Antonio Jorge Ribeiro da Silva
- a Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Ali SI, Gopalakrishnan B, Venkatesalu V. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties ofAchillea millefoliumL.: A Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1140-1161. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Department of Botany; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu India
| | - B. Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Botany; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Venkatesalu
- Department of Botany; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu India
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Michelakis EC, Evergetis E, Koulocheri SD, Haroutounian SA. Exploitation of Artemisia arborescens as a Renewable Source of Chamazulene: Seasonal Variation and Distillation Conditions. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree Wormwood ( Artemisia arborescens L.) is a Mediterranean medicinal herb known for its anti-inflammatory properties, mainly because of the high chamazulene content of its essential oil (EO). Herein are presented the results of an investigation concerning the seasonal variation in the chamazulene content of the EOs of three Cretan natural populations of A. arborescens by combined GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. Results highlighted a population containing EO rich in chamazulene at amounts exceeding 50% of its quantitative composition at the full flowering stage, which is the more appropriate vegetative stage for harvesting. Hydro-distillation of the respective plant material in five different pH environments increased, in all cases, the chamazulene yield, with the most efficient pH value being 8.3, when the chamazulene amount increased 1.3 times compared with distillation under neutral conditions, reaching 65.1% of the total content of EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos C. Michelakis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, School of Rural Production Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, Athens11855, Greece
| | - Epameinondas Evergetis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, School of Rural Production Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, Athens11855, Greece
| | - Sofia D. Koulocheri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, School of Rural Production Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, Athens11855, Greece
| | - Serkos A. Haroutounian
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, School of Rural Production Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, Athens11855, Greece
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Abstract
Terpenoids are a very prominent class of natural compounds produced in diverse genera of plants, fungi, algae and sponges. They gained significant pharmaceutical value since prehistoric times, due to their broad spectrum of medical applications. The fragrant leaves of Eucalyptus trees are a rich source of terpenoids. Therefore this review starts by summarizing the main terpenoid compounds present in Eucalyptus globulus, E. citriodora, E. radiata and E. resinifera and describing their biosynthetic pathways. Of the enormous number of pharmaceutically important terpenoids, this paper also reviews some well established and recently discovered examples and discusses their medical applications. In this context, the synthetic processes for (–)-menthol, (–)- cis-carveol, (+)-artemisinine, (+)-merrilactone A and (–)-sclareol are presented. The tricyclic sesquiterpene (–)-englerin A isolated from the stem bark of the Phyllanthus engleri plant ( Euphorbiaceae) is highly active against certain renal cancer cell lines. In addition, recent studies showed that englerin A is also a potent and selective activator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 calcium channels. These important findings were the motivation for several renowned research labs to achieve a total synthesis of (–)-englerin A. Two prominent examples – Christmann and Metz – are compared and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Jaeger
- Formerly Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eckehard Cuny
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt Technical University, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Peet J, Selyutina A, Bredihhin A. Antiretroviral (HIV-1) activity of azulene derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1653-7. [PMID: 26964674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The antiretroviral activity of azulene derivatives was detected for the first time. A series of eighteen diversely substituted azulenes was synthesized and tested in vitro using HIV-1 based virus-like particles (VLPs) and infectious HIV-1 virus in U2OS and TZM-bl cell lines. Among the compounds tested, the 2-hydroxyazulenes demonstrated the most significant activity by inhibiting HIV-1 replication with IC50 of 2-10 and 8-20 μM for the VLPs and the infectious virus, respectively. These results indicate that azulene derivatives may be potentially useful candidates for the development of antiretroviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peet
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anastasia Selyutina
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aleksei Bredihhin
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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Goes P, Dutra CS, Lisboa MRP, Gondim DV, Leitão R, Brito GAC, Rego RO. Clinical efficacy of a 1% Matricaria chamomile L. mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine for gingivitis control in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. J Oral Sci 2016; 58:569-574. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Goes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará
- Morphofunctional Science Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Ceará
| | | | - Mário R. P. Lisboa
- Morphofunctional Science Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Delane V. Gondim
- Morphofunctional Science Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Ceará
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Renata Leitão
- Morphofunctional Science Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Ceará
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Morphofunctional Science Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Ceará
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará
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Casiglia S, Riccobono L, Bruno M, Rosselli S, Senatore F, Senatore F. Chemical composition of the essential oil from Thapsia garganica L. (Apiaceae) grown wild in Sicily and its antimicrobial activity. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:1042-52. [PMID: 26540577 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from flowers and leaves of Thapsia garganica L. collected in Sicily was evaluated by GC and GC-MS. The main components of T. garganica flower oil (T.f.) were chamazulene (58.3%), humulene oxide II (9.0%), tricosane (8.2%) and pentacosane (8.2%). Also the oil from leaves (T.l.) was characterised by high content of chamazulene (49.2%). Other abundant metabolites were 1,4-dimethylazulene (18.5%), (E)-phytol (6.3%) and neophytadiene (5.1%). The comparison with other studied oils of genus Thapsia is discussed. Antimicrobial activity against several micro-organisms, including some ones infesting historical art craft, was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casiglia
- a Department STEBICEF , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Luana Riccobono
- a Department STEBICEF , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- a Department STEBICEF , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Sergio Rosselli
- a Department STEBICEF , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | | | - Felice Senatore
- c Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
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Flemming M, Kraus B, Rascle A, Jürgenliemk G, Fuchs S, Fürst R, Heilmann J. Revisited anti-inflammatory activity of matricine in vitro: Comparison with chamazulene. Fitoterapia 2015; 106:122-8. [PMID: 26304764 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proazulene matricine (1) is present in chamomile flower heads and has been proven to exhibit strong in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. In contrast to other secondary metabolites in chamomile preparations like its degradation product chamazulene (2), no plausible targets have been found to explain this activity. Therefore we revisited 1 regarding its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in cellular and molecular studies. Using ICAM-1 as a marker for NF-κB activation, it was shown that ICAM-1 protein expression induced by TNF-α and LPS, but not by IFN-γ, was remarkably inhibited by 1 in endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Inhibition was concentration-dependent in a micromolar range (10-75 μM) and did not involve cytotoxic effects. At 75 μM expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was down to 52.7 ± 3.3% and 20.4 ± 1.8% of control in TNF-α and LPS-stimulated HMEC-1, respectively. In contrast, 2 showed no activity. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments revealed that TNF-α-induced expression of the ICAM-1 gene was also reduced by 1 in a concentration-dependent manner, reaching 32.3 ± 6.2% of control at 100 μM matricine. Additional functional assays (NF-κB promotor activity and cytoplasm to nucleus translocation) confirmed the inhibitory effect of 1 on NF-κB signaling. Despite the fact that 1 lacks an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl and is thus not able to act via a Michael reaction with electron rich SH groups of functional biological molecules, data gave strong evidence that 1 inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity in endothelial cells by an hitherto unknown mechanism and this may contribute to its well-known anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Flemming
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Kraus
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rascle
- Institut für Immunologie, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Guido Jürgenliemk
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simone Fuchs
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Rapid evaluation and comparison of natural products and antioxidant activity in calendula, feverfew, and German chamomile extracts. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1385:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kumar SV, Saravanan D, Kumar B, Jayakumar A. An update on prodrugs from natural products. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Anglo-Saxon pharmacopoeia revisited: a potential treasure in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:1069-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gers CF, Rosellen J, Merkul E, Müller TJJ. One-pot four-component synthesis of pyrimidyl and pyrazolyl substituted azulenes by glyoxylation-decarbonylative alkynylation-cyclocondensation sequences. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1173-81. [PMID: 21915223 PMCID: PMC3168959 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel one-pot four-component synthesis of pyrimidyl- and pyrazolylazulenes through the use of glyoxylation-decarbonylative alkynylation-cyclocondensation sequences starting from azulene or guaiazulene as substrates, gives rise to the formation of the target compounds in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F Gers
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Rosellen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eugen Merkul
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Smelcerovic A, Lamshoeft M, Radulovic N, Ilic D, Palic R. LC–MS Analysis of the Essential Oils of Achillea millefolium and Achillea crithmifolia. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sant'Anna JRD, Franco CCDS, Miyamoto CT, Cunico MM, Miguel OG, Côcco LC, Yamamoto CI, Junior CC, Castro-Prado MAAD. Genotoxicity of Achillea millefolium
essential oil in diploid cells of Aspergillus nidulans. Phytother Res 2008; 23:231-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Crockett SL, Schühly W, Bauer R. [Contents, molecular action mechanism and clinical evidence. Plant derived antiemetics]. PHARMAZIE IN UNSERER ZEIT 2007; 36:381-8. [PMID: 17722145 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.200700235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Crockett
- Bereich Pharmakognosie, Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Universitätsplatz 4/1, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, A-8010 Graz, Osterreich.
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Ramadan M, Watzer B. Determination of chamazulene carboxylic acid in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:221-5. [PMID: 16942774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new, simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of chamazulene carboxylic acid (CCA) in serum. The technique is based on a single liquid-liquid extraction of the substance using ibuprofen as internal standard (I.S.). The separation was achieved on a C(18) reversed-phase column using acetonitrile/water (4:6, pH 3) as mobile phase. The effluent was monitored at 221 and 286 nm. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.1-30 microg/ml. The intra- and inter-day RSDs were in all cases less than 15 and 11%, respectively. The limit of quantitation was 0.1 microg/ml. The assay was developed and validated to be applied in a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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