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de Carvalho JCB, de Oliveira IM, Trindade C, Juchem ALM, da Silva Machado M, Guecheva TN, Moura S, de Souza LAG, Vainstein MH, Henriques JAP. Chemical characterization of Callingcard Vine (Entada polystachya (L.) DC. var. polystachya) aqueous seed extract and evaluation of its cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic properties. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 891:503687. [PMID: 37770144 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Callingcard Vine (Entada polystachya (L.) DC. var. polystachya - Fabaceae) is a common plant in coastal thickets from western Mexico through Central America to Colombia and Brazil, especially in Amazon biome. It has been popularly used as a urinary burning reliever and diuretic. However, the plant chemical constituents are poorly understood and Entada spp. genotoxic potential have not been previously investigated. In the present study we determined the chemical composition of the aqueous E. polystachya crude seed extract (EPCSE) and evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic properties of EPCSE in Salmonella typhimurium and Chinese hamster fibroblast (V79) cells. Cytotoxic activity was also evaluated in tumor cell lines (HT29, MCF7 and U87) and non-malignant cells (MRC5). The chemical analysis by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) of EPCSE indicated the presence of saponin and chalcone. The results of the MTT and clonal survival assays suggest that EPCSE is cytotoxic to V79 cells. Survival analysis showed higher IC50 in non-tumor compared with tumor cell lines. EPCSE showed induction of DNA strand breaks as revealed by the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test. Using the modified comet assay, it was possible to detect the induction of oxidative DNA base damage by EPCSE in V79 cells. Consistently, the extract induced increase lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in V79 cells. In addition, EPCSE induced mutations in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, confirming a mutagenic potential. Taken together, our results suggest that EPCSE is cytotoxic and genotoxic to V79 cells and mutagenic to S. typhimurium. These properties can be related to the pro-oxidant ability of the extract and induction of DNA lesions. Additionally, EPCSE could inhibit the growth of tumor cells, especially human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell line, and can constitute a possible source of antitumor natural agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Cristina Bugs de Carvalho
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iuri Marques de Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Simón Bolívar University, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Miriana da Silva Machado
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; InnVitro Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Temenouga Nikolova Guecheva
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Gomes de Souza
- Environment and Health Society Coordination of the National Institute for Research in the Amazon (COSAS/INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marilene Henning Vainstein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; InnVitro Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Programs in Biotechnology and Medical Sciences, University of Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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Codo Toafode NM, Marquardt P, Ahyi V, Fester K, Spiegler V, Vissiennon C. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Phenolic Compounds Isolated From Entada africana Guill. & Perr. Used in the Republic of Benin. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:931240. [PMID: 35847017 PMCID: PMC9280145 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.931240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In West African medicine, Entada africana Guill. & Perr. from the family of Fabaceae is used to treat inflammatory conditions in the management of fractures, wounds, and sprains in the northern region of the Republic of Benin. The aim of the present study was to isolate and elucidate phenolic compounds from a hydroalcoholic leaf extract from E. africana and to identify compounds with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Eleven compounds were purified from three fractions, which have shown strong to medium anti-inflammatory activity. The isolated compounds were characterized by HRESI-MS and NMR methods as gallic acid (1), ethyl gallate (2), 5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one (3), 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone (4), dihydrokaempferol-7-O-glucoside (5), catechin (6), quercetin-3-O-[β-apiosyl-(1‴→2″)-β-glucoside] (7), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (8), naringenin-7-O-glucoside (9), aromadendrin (10), and myricetin-3-O-glucoside (11). Nine of the major phenolic compounds were tested using TNF-α stimulated human keratinocytes (HaCaT) as skin inflammation model to identify molecules, which may explain the use of the plant leaves as an anti-inflammatory remedy by assessing the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-6. The hydroacoholic leaf extract of E. africana exerted a medium inhibitory effect on the release of IL-8. 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone, aromadendrin, dihydrokaempferol-7-O-glucoside and ethyl gallate demonstrated a strong to medium effect on the release of IL-6. For the release of IL-8, 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone demonstrated a medium activity. This study provides for the first time a detailed screening of phenolic compounds occurring in the hydroethanolic leaf extract of E. africana. Additionally, it is shown that E. africana contains active compounds which may justify its traditional medicinal use as an anti-inflammatory remedy to treat inflammatory and pain-related skin conditions in the Republic of Benin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonvignon Murielle Codo Toafode
- Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa University, Cotonou, Benin
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nonvignon Murielle Codo Toafode, ; Cica Vissiennon,
| | - Peter Marquardt
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences, Zittau, Germany
| | - Virgile Ahyi
- Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa University, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Karin Fester
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences, Zittau, Germany
| | - Verena Spiegler
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cica Vissiennon
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Repha GmbH Biologische Arzneimittel, Langenhagen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nonvignon Murielle Codo Toafode, ; Cica Vissiennon,
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O’Donnell SA, Ringelberg JJ, Lewis GP. Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus Entada including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested Elephantorrhiza (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PHYTOKEYS 2022; 205:99-145. [PMID: 36762010 PMCID: PMC9849012 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent phylogenomic analyses of 997 nuclear genes support the long-held view that the genus Entada is congeneric with Elephantorrhiza. Entada is resolved as monophyletic only if the genus Elephantorrhiza is subsumed within it. The two genera were distinguished solely by relatively minor differences in the mode of dehiscence of the fruits (a craspedium separating into one-seeded endocarp segments in Entada versus a craspedium with the whole fruit valve breaking away from the persistent replum in Elephantorrhiza) and the craspedial fruit type itself provides a shared synapomorphy for the re-circumscribed Entada. Here, we provide a synopsis of Entada, including 11 new combinations in total, for the eight species, one subspecies and one variety previously placed in Elephantorrhiza, as well as a new combination for a subspecies of Entadarheedei Spreng. not previously dealt with when Entadapursaetha DC. was placed in synonymy. These new combinations are: Entadaburkei (Benth.) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entadaelephantina (Burch.) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entadagoetzei (Harms) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entadagoetzeisubsp.lata (Brenan & Brummitt) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entadaobliqua (Burtt Davy) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entadapraetermissa (J.H. Ross) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entadarangei (Harms) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entadarheedeisubsp.sinohimalensis (Grierson & D.G. Long) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entadaschinziana (Dinter) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entadawoodii (E. Phillips) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; and Entadawoodiivar.pubescens (E. Phillips) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov. We provide a revised circumscription of the genus Entada which now comprises 40 species distributed pantropically, with the greatest diversity of species in tropical Africa. We present a complete taxonomic synopsis, including a map showing the global distribution of the genus and photographs showing variation amongst species in habit, foliage, flowers and fruits. A short discussion about extrafloral nectaries, mainly observed in the Madagascan species, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A. O’Donnell
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UKNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Jens J. Ringelberg
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, SwitzerlandUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Gwilym P. Lewis
- Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
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Ganamé HT, Karanga Y, Tapsoba I, Dicato M, Diederich MF, Cerella C, Sawadogo RW. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Acacia macrostachya. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071353. [PMID: 34371557 PMCID: PMC8309326 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acacia macrostachya is used in Burkina Faso folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of this plant. The cytotoxic effects of root (dichloromethane B1 and methanol B2) and stem (dichloromethane B3 and methanol B4) bark extracts of A. macrostachya were assessed on chronic K562 and acute U937 myeloid leukemia cancer cells using trypan blue, Hoechst, and MitoTracker Red staining methods. The antioxidant content of extracts was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods. The root bark extracts B1 and B2 of A. macrostachya demonstrated higher cytotoxicity with IC50 values in a low µg/mL range on both U937 and K562 cells, while the stem bark B4 extract selectively affected U937 cells. Overall, healthy proliferating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pPBMCs) were not or barely impacted in the range of concentrations cytotoxic to cancer cells. In addition, A. macrostachya exhibited significant antioxidant content with 646.06 and 428.08 µg ET/mg of extract for the B4 and B2 extracts, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids/steroids. The results of this study highlight the interest of A. macrostachya extracts for the isolation of anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidou Têeda Ganamé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (H.T.G.); (Y.K.); (I.T.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Yssouf Karanga
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (H.T.G.); (Y.K.); (I.T.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux et de l’Environnement (LCME), Université Norbert ZONGO, Avce Maurice Yameogo, Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Issa Tapsoba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (H.T.G.); (Y.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | | | - Claudia Cerella
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (R.W.S.); Tel.: +352-2468-4050 (C.C.); +226-70-24-57-96 (R.W.S.)
| | - Richard Wamtinga Sawadogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7192, Burkina Faso
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (R.W.S.); Tel.: +352-2468-4050 (C.C.); +226-70-24-57-96 (R.W.S.)
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Malami I, Jagaba NM, Abubakar IB, Muhammad A, Alhassan AM, Waziri PM, Yakubu Yahaya IZ, Mshelia HE, Mathias SN. Integration of medicinal plants into the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of cancer in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04830. [PMID: 32939417 PMCID: PMC7479351 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore and record various medicinal plants integrated into the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of cancer. The traditional system of medicine is a routine practiced among the indigenous ethnic groups of Sokoto state. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed and used for data collection around the selected Local Government Areas. A substantial number of plant species were identified, recorded, and collected for preservation. Data collected for each specie was analysed to assess its frequent use among the medicinal plants. A total of 67 species belonging to 31 families have been identified and recorded. Out of the 473 frequency of citation (FC), Acacia nilotica was the most frequently cited specie (32 FC, 64% FC, 0.6 RFC), followed by Guiera senegalensis (27 FC, 54% FC, 0.5 RFC), Erythrina sigmoidea (17 FC, 34% FC, 0.3 RFC), and subsequently Combretum camporum (15 FC, 30% FC, 0.3 RFC). The most common parts of the plants used include the barks (55.2%), the roots (53.2%), and the leaves (41.8%). Additionally, decoction (74.6%), powdered form (49.3%), and maceration (46.3%) are the most frequently used mode of preparation. The historical knowledge of a traditional system of medicine practiced by the native traditional healers of Sokoto for the treatment of cancer has been documented. The present study further provides a baseline for future pharmacological investigations into the beneficial effects of such medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Nasiru Muhammad Jagaba
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 810271, Nigeria
| | - Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Peter Maitama Waziri
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, PMB 2336, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Zakiyya Yakubu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Halilu Emmanuel Mshelia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Nefy Mathias
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Kouam AF, Owona BA, Fifen R, Njayou FN, Moundipa PF. Inhibition of CYP2E1 and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathways by a fraction from Entada africana alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04602. [PMID: 32904230 PMCID: PMC7452572 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Entada africana is used in non-conventional medicine for the management of liver ailments. A fraction, designated EaF10 (methylene chloride/methanol 90:10, v/v) with promising hepatoprotective activity has been isolated. Since the mechanisms underlying EaF10 hepatoprotective action remain unknown, this study was undertaken to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic mechanism of the fraction against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity and its antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activities of EaF10 were assessed through four chemical antioxidant assays and its anti-hepatotoxic effect evaluated in vivo and in vitro by post-treatment (25 or 100 mg/Kg) or co-treatment (6.25–100 μg/mL) in CCl4-intoxicated mice and normal human liver cells line L-02 hepatocytes respectively; and biochemical and molecular parameters assessed respectively by spectrophotometry, and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. EaF10 exhibited strong antioxidant activities correlated with its polyphenol content. Serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (AST/ALT) and nitrite oxide, liver contents of glutathione (GSH) protein carbonylation and malondialdehyde (MDA), liver activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cell viability showed the anti-hepatotoxic effect of EaF10, supported by histopathological observations. The fraction decreased the protein level of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap-1), induced nuclear translocation of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) coupled to an increase of the mRNA levels of CAT, SOD1 and GST in CCl4-intoxicated L-02 hepatocytes. These findings evidenced that the studied plant fraction possesses a strong antioxidant capacity and prevents CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, likely through inhibition of CYP2E1 and activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fondjo Kouam
- Medical Research and Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Brice Ayissi Owona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rodrigue Fifen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Frédéric Nico Njayou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Yusuf A, Abdullahi M. The phytochemical and pharmacological actions of Entada africana Guill. & Perr. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02332. [PMID: 31517111 PMCID: PMC6733894 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Entada africana (Ea, Asteraceae) has been widely used traditionally to treat different ailments, as food, insecticides, source of gums, in some small carpentry works. Studies on the pharmacognostic characterization, nutritional, elemental and physicochemical contents has been reported. In vivo and in vitro studies on the plant validated some ethnomedicinal claims of the use of the plant as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-angiogenic, cytotoxic agents among others. Triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids and sugars were reported as bioactive constituents which might be responsible for the aforementioned pharmacological actions of the plant. However, more researches are required in order to isolate bioactive compounds from the different parts of Ea and evaluate their effects on different ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Yusuf
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Haidara M, Bourdy G, De Tommasi N, Braca A, Traore K, Giani S, Sanogo R. Medicinal Plants Used in Mali for the Treatment of Malaria and Liver Diseases. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, ethno-pharmacology is a very important resource in order to discover new therapies for the current diseases. Moreover, another good justification for the ethno-pharmacological approach is to obtain new, effective, less expensive and simple therapies, limiting at the same time the cost of pharmaceutical research. Two major anti-malarial drugs widely used today, i.e. quinine and artemisinin, came respectively from Peruvian and Chinese ancestral treatments reported in the traditional medicines. In this contest, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new drugs, due to the critical epidemiological situation of this disease and to the growth of resistances. In Mali, malaria and liver diseases remain one of the leading public health problems. Many medicinal plants are often used, in local traditional medicine, for the treatment at the same time of malaria and liver diseases, including hepatic syndromes, jaundice, hepatitis and other hepatic disorders. Moreover, in the local language Bamanan, the word “ Sumaya” is used both for malaria and some liver diseases. In addition, we noted that some of the improved traditional phytomedicines produced by the Department of Traditional Medicine are prescribed by modern doctors both for malaria and liver diseases. In this review, pharmacological, toxicological and phytochemical data on Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae), Cochlospermum tinctorium Perr. ex A. Rich (Cochlospermaceae), Combretum micranthum G.Don (Combretaceae), Entada africana Guillet Perr. (Mimosaceae), Erythrina senegalensis A. DC (Fabaceae), Mitragyna inermis (Willd) Kuntze (Rubiaceae), Nauclea latifolia Smith syn. Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce (Rubiaceae), Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae), Trichilia emetica Vahl. (Meliaceae), and Vernonia colorata (Willd) Drake (Asteraceae) are reported. Some of the collected data could be used to improve the actual herbal drugs and to propose new phytomedicines for the management of malaria and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamane Haidara
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Mali
| | - Geneviève Bourdy
- Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie et Pharmacologie pour le Développement (PharmaDev) de Toulouse, France
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Rokia Sanogo
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Mali
- Département Médecine Traditionnelle, Bamako, Mali
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Triterpene saponins with anti-inflammatory activity from the stems of Entada phaseoloides. Fitoterapia 2015; 103:33-45. [PMID: 25759122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract from the stems of Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr (also called "Guo Gang Long") led to the isolation of eleven triterpene saponins (1-11). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D- ((1)H and (13)C) and 2D-NMR ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, HSQC-TOCSY and ROESY) experiments as well as ESIMS analysis and hydrolysis. These saponins comprised entagenic acid as the main aglycon, saccharide moieties at C-3 and C-28, and esterification of C-2 or C-3 hydroxyl group of the terminal β-d-glucopyranose unit with a monoterpenic acid. To further explain the clinical applications of "Guo Gang Long" for its anti-inflammatory effect, the inhibitory activities on the production of NO of the saponins and the related aglycon, entagenic acid (12), were evaluated in vitro. The compounds containing a free hydroxyl at C-3 of aglycon (1 and 4) and entagenic acid showed significant activities against NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 25.08, 20.13 and 23.48 μM, respectively. And the three compounds could also inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8.
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Galani Tietcheu BR, Sass G, Njayou NF, Mkounga P, Tiegs G, Moundipa PF. Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Activity of Crude Extract and Fractions of Entada africana in Genotype 1b Replicon Systems. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:853-68. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Entada africana (Ea) is a medicinal plant from the family of Fabaceae, used in Western and Central Africa regions to treat liver diseases. Antiviral properties of this plant were reported against Hepatitis B virus, while effects against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remained unknown. This study reports for the first time, the effects of Ea crude extract and fractions on HCV replication. Furthermore, the effect of one Ea fraction on the transcriptional expression of two interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was also investigated. A methylene chloride–methanol (MCM) stem bark crude extract and different MCM fractions (EaF0, EaF5, EaF10, EaF25, and EaF100) were prepared and tested on LucUbiNeo-ET and Huh 5.15 cells lines used as genotype 1b (GT1b) replicon systems. The cells were incubated with crude extract and fractions at various concentrations. Then, the antiviral activity was assessed by luciferase reporter assay and the cell viability by MTT assay. Gene expression was also analyzed using quantitative real time RT-PCR. Results showed that the Ea crude extract dose-dependently inhibited HCV replication after 24 and 72 h of incubation. The MCM fraction (EaF10) exhibited the strongest anti-HCV properties with an IC50 = 0.453 ± 0.00117 mg/ml and no reduction of cell viability at antiviral concentrations. This fraction also significantly induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (5.36-fold), and 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase-3 (OAS-3) by 4.46-fold after 6 h and 2.31-fold after 24 h at the mRNA levels. Taken altogether, these results suggest that Ea may contain ingredients that indirectly regulate HCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borris Rosnay Galani Tietcheu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sass
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nico Frederic Njayou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Mkounga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Simoben CV, Babiaka SB, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. The uniqueness and therapeutic value of natural products from West African medicinal plants, part II: terpenoids, geographical distribution and drug discovery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04543b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review series, an attempt has been made to give indepth coverage of natural products derived from West African medicinal plants with diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lydia L. Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad V. Simoben
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Smith B. Babiaka
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle, Germany
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Douala
- Douala, Cameroon
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Adesso S, Popolo A, Bianco G, Sorrentino R, Pinto A, Autore G, Marzocco S. The uremic toxin indoxyl sulphate enhances macrophage response to LPS. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76778. [PMID: 24098806 PMCID: PMC3786936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoxyl sulphate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin that results from the metabolism of dietary tryptophan normally excreted by kidney through the proximal tubules. Thus the toxin accumulates in the blood of patients with impaired renal function such as in chronic kidney disease (CKD). High IS serum levels in patients with CKD suggest its involvement in CKD progression and in the onset of complications. Its presence in plasma is also a powerful predictor of overall and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. IS is a well known nephrovascular toxin but very little is known regarding its effects on the immune system and in particular during inflammation. In this study we examined the effect of IS on macrophage activation in response to lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (LPS), a gram negative bacterial endotoxin associated with inflammation and septic shock. To simulate the uremic condition, J774A.1 macrophages were incubated with IS at concentrations observed in uremic patients (1000-62.5 µM) both alone and during LPS challenge. IS alone induced release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), through a mechanism involving pro- and anti-oxidant systems, and alteration in intracellular calcium homeostasis. When added to J774A.1 macrophages in presence of LPS, IS significantly increased the nitric oxide (NO) release, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. IS pre-treatment was also associated with an increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by macrophages stimulated with LPS. Mechanistic studies revealed that IS increased LPS-induced NF-kB nuclear translocation, ROS release and altered calcium concentrations, mainly because of mitochondrial calcium overloading. Moreover also in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages IS enhances the inflammatory response to LPS increasing ROS, NO, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-kB levels. This study provides evidences that IS stimulates macrophage function and enhances inflammatory reasponse associated with LPS, thus contributing to altered immune response dysfunctions observed in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Adesso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bianco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Rosalinda Sorrentino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Aldo Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
- * E-mail:
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Ayissi Owona B, Njayou NF, Laufer S, Moundipa PF, Schluesener HJ. A fraction of stem bark extract of Entada africana suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:162-8. [PMID: 23796875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Entada africana is a plant used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of stomachache, fever, liver related diseases, wound healing, cataract and dysentery. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of fractions of the stem bark extract of the plant using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude extract was prepared using the mixture CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1, v/v) and fractionated by flash chromatography using solvents of increasing polarity to obtain five different fractions. The effects of the fractions on the cells viability were studied by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and their inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production screened by Griess test. The most active fraction was further investigated for its effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production using flux cytometry, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, TNFα, IL6, IL10 and IL13) by RT-PCR, and the activity of the enzyme p38 MAPK kinase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The fractions presented no significant effect on the viability of macrophages at 100 μg/ml after 24h incubation. The CH2Cl2/MeOH 5% (Ea5) fraction was found to be the most potent in inhibiting NO production with a half inhibition concentration (IC50)=18.36 μg/ml, and showed the highest inhibition percentage (89.068%) in comparison with Baicalin (63.34%), an external standard at 50 μg/ml. Ea5, as well as Baicalin significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the expression of TNFα, IL6 and IL1β mRNA, attenuated mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase in a concentration-dependent manner, stimulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10 and IL13), and showed a 30% inhibition of the activity of p38 MAPK kinase. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that the fraction Ea5 of Entada africana possesses most potent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and may contain compounds useful as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of inflammatory related diseases cause by over-activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Ayissi Owona
- Division of Immunopathology of Nervous System, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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Xiong H, Mei Z, Yang G, Mo S, Yang X, Zhang P, Wu J. Triterpene Saponins fromEntada phaseoloides. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nzowa LK, Teponno RB, Tapondjou LA, Verotta L, Liao Z, Graham D, Zink MC, Barboni L. Two new tryptophan derivatives from the seed kernels of Entada rheedei: effects on cell viability and HIV infectivity. Fitoterapia 2013; 87:37-42. [PMID: 23537889 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two new tryptophan derivatives, N-sulfonyl-L-tryptophan (tryptorheedei A) (1) and 3-(N-sulfonylindolyl)-D-lactic acid (tryptorheedei B) (2) together with the known 5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3), 1-O-methylglucopyranoside, entadamide A, homogentisic acid and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol, were isolated from the seed kernels of Entada rheedei (Mimosaceae). Their structures were established using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and by comparison with spectroscopic data reported in the literature. Compounds 1 and 2 showed no toxicity to TZM and Human PBMC cells. Both compounds 1 and 2 were found to promote early infection events in HIV, likely by inhibiting the enzyme indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and preventing tryptophan depletion. Inhibition of IDO acutely in HIV infection inhibits viral replication, but chronic activation of IDO leads to immune impairment in AIDS. IDO is also the gatekeeper enzyme for kynurenine metabolism, a pathway involved in serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis and the regulation of glutamate and dopamine levels in the brain. Therefore inhibition of IDO might explain both the reported medicinal and neuropsychiatric effects of E. rheedei.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Nzowa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Bianco G, Fontanella B, Severino L, Quaroni A, Autore G, Marzocco S. Nivalenol and deoxynivalenol affect rat intestinal epithelial cells: a concentration related study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52051. [PMID: 23251682 PMCID: PMC3522672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the gastrointestinal tract represents a crucial first level defence against ingested toxins. Among them, Nivalenol is a trichotecenes mycotoxin frequently found on cereals and processed grains; when it contaminates human food and animal feed it is often associated with another widespread contaminant, Deoxynivalenol. Following their ingestion, intestinal epithelial cells are exposed to concentrations of these trichothecenes high enough to cause mycotoxicosis. In this study we have investigated the effects of Nivalenol and Deoxynivalenol on intestinal cells in an in vitro model system utilizing the non-tumorigenic rat intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6. Both Nivalenol and Deoxynivalenol (5-80 µM) significantly affected IEC-6 viability through a pro-apoptotic process which mainly involved the following steps: (i) Bax induction; (ii) Bcl-2 inhibition, and (iii) caspase-3 activation. Moreover, treatment with Nivalenol produced a significant cell cycle arrest of IEC-6 cells, primarily at the G(0)/G(1) interphase and in the S phase, with a concomitant reduction in the fraction of cells in G(2). Interestingly, when administered at lower concentrations (0.1-2.5 µM), both Nivalenol and Deoxynivalenol affected epithelial cell migration (restitution), representing the initial step in gastrointestinal wound healing in the gut. This reduced motility was associated with significant remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton, and changes in expression of connexin-43 and focal adhesion kinase. The concentration range of Nivalenol or Deoxynivalenol we have tested is comparable with the mean estimated daily intake of consumers eating contaminated food. Thus, our results further highlight the risks associated with intake of even low levels of these toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bianco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Lorella Severino
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Division of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Quaroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- * E-mail: address:
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Vassallo A, Pesca M, Ambrosio L, Malafronte N, Melle ND, Dal Piaz F, Severino L. Antiproliferative Oleanane Saponins from Dizygotheca Elegantissima. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200701106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new oleanane saponins (1-4), together with three known saponins, were isolated from the aerial parts of Dizygotheca elegantissima R. Vig. & Guillaumin. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments including 1D TOCSY, DQF-COSY, HSQC, and HMBC spectroscopy, as well as ESIMS analysis. The antiproliferative activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vassallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Mariasabina Pesca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Letizia Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Nicola Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Nadia Dekdouk Melle
- Département de Biologie animale, Faculté de Biologie- Université de Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Lorella Severino
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
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Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems. Animal 2012; 1:1371-91. [PMID: 22444893 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock and aquaculture production is under political and social pressure, especially in the European Union (EU), to decrease pollution and environmental damage arising due to animal agriculture. The EU has banned the use of antibiotics and other chemicals, which have been shown to be effective in promoting growth and reducing environment pollutants because of the risk caused to humans by chemical residues in food and by antibiotic resistance being passed on to human pathogens. As a result of this, scientists have intensified efforts in exploiting plants, plant extracts or natural plant compounds as potential natural alternatives for enhancing the livestock productivity. This paper discusses work on the effects of various phytochemicals and plant secondary metabolites in ruminant and fish species. The focus is on (i) plants such as Ananas comosus (pine apple), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) and Azadirachta indica (neem) containing anthelmintic compounds and for their use for controlling internal parasites; (ii) plants containing polyphenols and their applications for protecting proteins from degradation in the rumen, increasing efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in rumen and decreasing methane emission; for using as antioxidants, antibacterial and antihelmintic agents; and for changing meat colour and for increasing n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in meat; (iii) saponin-rich plants such as quillaja, yucca and Sapindus saponaria for increasing the efficiency of rumen fermentation, decreasing methane emission and enhancing growth; for producing desired nutritional attributes such as lowering of cholesterol in monogastric animals; for increasing growth of fish (common carp and Nile tilapia) and for changing male to female ratio in tilapia; and for use as molluscicidal agents; (iv) Moringa oleifera leaves as a source of plant growth factor(s), antioxidants, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and various glucosinolates and their degraded products for possible use as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antipest agents; (v) Jatropha curcas toxic variety with high levels of various phytochemicals such as trypsin inhibitor, lectin, phytate and phorbol esters in seeds limiting the use of seed meal in fish and livestock diets; and the use of phorbol esters as bio-pesticidal agent; and (vi) lesser-known legumes such as Entada phaseoloides seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhibitor and saponins, Sesbania aculeate seeds rich in non-starch polysaccharides and Mucuna pruriens var. utilis seeds rich in l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and their potential as fish feed; Cassia fistula seeds as a source of antioxidants; and the use of Canavalia ensiformis, C. gladiata and C. virosa seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhinitor, lectins and canavanine. The paper also presents some challenges and future areas of work in this field.
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Bruzual De Abreu M, Temraz A, Malafronte N, Gonzalez-Mujica F, Duque S, Braca A. Phenolic Derivatives from Ruprechtia polystachya and Their Inhibitory Activities on the Glucose-6-phosphatase System. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:2126-34. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sawadogo WR, Maciuk A, Banzouzi JT, Champy P, Figadere B, Guissou IP, Nacoulma OG. Mutagenic effect, antioxidant and anticancer activities of six medicinal plants from Burkina Faso. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:575-9. [PMID: 21809951 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.534737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative activities of six medicinal plant extracts from Burkina Faso were evaluated in order to justify their traditional use for the treatment of cancer. The SOS chromotest method was used in vitro on Escherichia coli PQ37 to evaluate the mutagenic effect of the plant extracts. The DPPH method was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of each plant. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated by MTS method on normal cells (Vero and MCR5) and cancer cells (KB) in contact with the extracts for 72 h. The results showed that the studied plants are not genotoxic. Lantana ukambensis and Acacia macrostachya induced a very significant antiproliferative effect against cancer cells with 94% and 95%, respectively. They also developed a strong antioxidant activity. The IC₅₀ values were 5.96 ± 0.40 µg mL⁻¹ for L. ukambensis and 4.30 ± 0.26 µg mL⁻¹ for A. macrostachya. These two plants are therefore potential sources for isolating new antioxidant and anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Sawadogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
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Dinda B, Debnath S, Mohanta BC, Harigaya Y. Naturally Occurring Triterpenoid Saponins. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:2327-580. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Isolation and structural characterization of glycosides from an anti-angiogenic extract of Monnina obtusifolia H.B.K. Fitoterapia 2010; 82:178-83. [PMID: 20816726 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature is of physiological and pathological importance. Substantial data over the last decade has implicated uncontrolled angiogenesis with various pathological states. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) play a critical role in its regulation, and have become one of the most interesting anti-angiogenesis targets. We have investigated the anti-angiogenic potential of plant extracts in a preliminary ELISA screening. The n-BuOH extract obtained from the leaves of Monnina obtusifolia (Polygalaceae) demonstrated an inhibition of VEGF-A or Placental Growth Factor interaction with Flt-1 (VEGF receptor 1), with an inhibition over 50% in particular for VEGF-A/Flt-1 interaction at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. Successively fractionation of the bioactive n-BuOH extracts of M. obtusifolia aerial parts led to the isolation of six new compounds, 1-O-(4-hydroxy-2-methylene-butanoic acid)-6-O-β-D-(4-hydroxy-2-methylene-butanoyl)-glucopyranose (1), 1-O-(isopentenyl)-6-O-β-D-(4-hydroxy-2-methylene-butanoyl)-glucopyranose (2), 1-O-(4-hydroxy-2-methylene-butanoic acid)-6-O-β-D-(isovaleroyl)-glucopyranose (3), 1-O-(3-methylbut-3enyl)-6-O-β-D-(isovaleroyl)-glucopyranose (4), two new sucrose esters, 3,4-O-β-D-di-feruloyl-fructofuranosyl-6-O-α-D-(p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (5), and 3,4-O-β-D-di-feruloyl-fructofuranosyl-6-O-α-D-(caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside (6), together with known flavonoids. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectral analysis. Since none of the isolated compounds showed a relevant inhibition of VEGFs, the biological activity observed for the butanolic extract might be due to the presence of a combination of compounds acting synergistically.
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Feng X, Zou Z, Fu S, Sun L, Su Z, Sun DA. Microbial oxidation and glucosidation of echinocystic acid by Nocardia corallina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nzowa LK, Barboni L, Teponno RB, Ricciutelli M, Lupidi G, Quassinti L, Bramucci M, Tapondjou LA. Rheediinosides A and B, two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene saponins from Entada rheedii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:254-261. [PMID: 19896681 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two triterpenoid saponins have been isolated from the seed kernels of Entada rheedii. Their structures have been established using 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass spectrometry as 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosylentagenic acid 28-O-beta-apiofuranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Rheediinoside A, 1) and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosylentagenic acid 28-O-beta-apiofuranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Rheediinoside B, 2). Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their antiproliferative activity against T98G, A431, PC3 and B16-F1 cell lines, and further for their antioxidant properties. Moderate cytotoxic potency and antioxidant properties were found for these compounds whereas Rheediinoside B was in all assays more active than Rheediinoside A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Kegah Nzowa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Box 183, Dschang, Cameroon
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Tibiri A, W. Sawadog R, Ouedraogo N. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Entada africana Guill. et Perr. (Mimosaceae) Organ Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmsci.2010.81.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Parente JP, da Silva BP. Bioactive Complex Triterpenoid Saponins from the Leguminosae Family. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many classes of phytochemical products are finding therapeutic use, for example, complex triterpenoid saponins containing in their structures monoterpene moieties. Some of these compounds possess cytotoxic, anti-HIV and adjuvant activities. This review aims to give an overview of these complex triterpenoid saponins with biological activity from the Leguminosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P. Parente
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68045 CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernadete P. da Silva
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68045 CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids including squalene derivatives, protostanes, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins. The literature from January 2005 to December 2006 is reviewed and 478 references are cited.
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Cioffi G, Bader A, Malafronte A, Dal Piaz F, De Tommasi N. Secondary metabolites from the aerial parts of Salvia palaestina Bentham. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:1005-1012. [PMID: 18191162 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Three sesterterpenes (1-3), one triterpene (4) and five diterpenes (5-9) were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia palaestina Bentham (Lamiaceae), together with two sesquiterpenes, 10 known diterpenes, three triterpenes, and rosmarinic acid. Their structural elucidation was accomplished by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D ((1)H, (13)C, (13)C DEPT, TOCSY, NOESY) and 2D NMR experiments (DQF-COSY, HSQC, HMBC, ROESY) as well as ESIMS analysis and chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Braca A, Bader A, Siciliano T, De Tommasi N. Secondary metabolites from Paronychia argentea. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:88-93. [PMID: 18041009 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two new oleanane saponins (1 and 2) and one new flavonol glycoside (3) together with six known flavonoids, were isolated from the aerial parts of Paronychia argentea. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments including 1D-TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC spectroscopy, as well as ESI-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Tibiri A, Banzouzi J, Traore A, Nacoulma G, Guissou I, Mbatchi B. Toxicological Assessment of Methanolic Stem Bark and Leaf Extracts of Entada africana Guill. and Perr., Mimosaceae. INT J PHARMACOL 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2007.393.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li F, Li W, Fu H, Zhang Q, Koike K. Pancreatic Lipase-Inhibiting Triterpenoid Saponins from Fruits of Acanthopanax senticosus. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:1087-9. [PMID: 17603209 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the fruits of Acanthopanax senticosus, including a new compound, acanthopanaxoside E (1), which was established as 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl echinocystic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of various spectroscopic analyses and chemical degradation. By using a pancreatic lipase-inhibiting assay system, the crude saponin fraction showed inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase, which is a key enzyme in lipid digestion. Among the isolated compounds, silphioside F (2), copteroside B (3), hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside 6'-O-methyl ester (4) and gypsogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (5) showed inhibitory activity toward pancreatic lipase with IC(50) values of 0.22, 0.25, 0.26 and 0.29 mM, respectively, and the free carboxylic acid groups in position 28 within their chemical structures were required for enhancement of pancreatic lipase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
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