1
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Liang Y, Liao X, Ling L, Yang Y, Zhao B, Xu S. A New Dinorspongian Diterpene with Pyridyl D-Ring from the Marine Sponge Spongia sp .. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Li XL, Li SW, Yao LG, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Guo YW. The chemical and chemo-ecological studies on Weizhou nudibranch Glossodoris atromarginata. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:554-560. [PMID: 31729061 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed chemical investigation of the nudibranch Glossodoris atromarginata collected from Weizhou Island, South China Sea, yielded a new spongian-type diterpene 1, together with the four known-related compounds 2-5. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by the detailed spectroscopic analysis, the comparison of the spectroscopic data with the known diterpene isoagatholactone, and the 13 C chemical shift calculation. In addition, evidence for the absolute stereochemistry of the known compound 2 was, for the first time, provided by the application of time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Song-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionaledelle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionaledelle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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3
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Izzati F, Warsito MF, Bayu A, Prasetyoputri A, Atikana A, Sukmarini L, Rahmawati SI, Putra MY. Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Indonesian Marine Invertebrates. Molecules 2021; 26:1898. [PMID: 33801617 PMCID: PMC8037762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates have been reported to be an excellent resource of many novel bioactive compounds. Studies reported that Indonesia has remarkable yet underexplored marine natural products, with a high chemical diversity and a broad spectrum of biological activities. This review discusses recent updates on the exploration of marine natural products from Indonesian marine invertebrates (i.e., sponges, tunicates, and soft corals) throughout 2007-2020. This paper summarizes the structural diversity and biological function of the bioactive compounds isolated from Indonesian marine invertebrates as antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiviral, while also presenting the opportunity for further investigation of novel compounds derived from Indonesian marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asep Bayu
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia or (F.I.); (M.F.W.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (S.I.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia or (F.I.); (M.F.W.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (S.I.R.)
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4
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Tai CJ, Huang CY, Ahmed AF, Orfali RS, Alarif WM, Huang YM, Wang YH, Hwang TL, Sheu JH. An Anti-Inflammatory 2,4-Cyclized-3,4-Secospongian Diterpenoid and Furanoterpene-Related Metabolites of a Marine Sponge Spongia sp. from the Red Sea. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19010038. [PMID: 33467112 PMCID: PMC7830757 DOI: 10.3390/md19010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of a Red Sea Spongia sp. led to the isolation of four new compounds, i.e., 17-dehydroxysponalactone (1), a carboxylic acid, spongiafuranic acid A (2), one hydroxamic acid, spongiafuranohydroxamic acid A (3), and a furanyl trinorsesterpenoid 16-epi-irciformonin G (4), along with three known metabolites (-)-sponalisolide B (5), 18-nor- 3,17-dihydroxy-spongia-3,13(16),14-trien-2-one (6), and cholesta-7-ene-3β,5α-diol-6-one (7). The biosynthetic pathway for the molecular skeleton of 1 and related compounds was postulated for the first time. Anti-inflammatory activity of these metabolites to inhibit superoxide anion generation and elastase release in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced human neutrophil cells and cytotoxicity of these compounds toward three cancer cell lines and one human dermal fibroblast cell line were assayed. Compound 1 was found to significantly reduce the superoxide anion generation and elastase release at a concentration of 10 μM, and compound 5 was also found to display strong inhibitory activity against superoxide anion generation at the same concentration. Due to the noncytotoxic activity and the potent inhibitory effect toward the superoxide anion generation and elastase release, 1 and 5 can be considered to be promising anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Tai
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Chiung-Yao Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Atallah F. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.F.A.); (J.-H.S.); Tel.: +966-114-677264 (A.F.A.); +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); Fax: +966-114-677245 (A.F.A.); +886-7-525-5020 (J.-H.S.)
| | - Raha S. Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Walied M. Alarif
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yusheng M. Huang
- Department of Marine Recreation, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong, Penghu 88046, Taiwan;
- Tropical Island Sustainable Development Research Center, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong, Penghu 88046, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (T.-L.H.)
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-H.W.); (T.-L.H.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (A.F.A.); (J.-H.S.); Tel.: +966-114-677264 (A.F.A.); +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); Fax: +966-114-677245 (A.F.A.); +886-7-525-5020 (J.-H.S.)
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5
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Liang YQ, Liao XJ, Zhao BX, Xu SH. Novel 3,4-seco-3,19-dinorspongian and 5,17-epoxy-19-norspongian diterpenes from the marine sponge Spongia sp. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new norspongian diterpenes, dinorspongians A-F (1–6) and epoxynorspongians A–F (7–12), were isolated from the marine sponge Spongia sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qian Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jian Liao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bing-Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hai Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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6
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Liang YQ, Liao XJ, Zhao BX, Xu SH. (+)- and (-)-Spongiterpene, a pair of new valerenane sesquiterpene enantiomers from the marine sponge Spongia Sp. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2178-2183. [PMID: 31537113 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1666384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(+)- and (-)-Spongiterpene [(+)-1 and (-)-1], a pair of new valerenane sesquiterpene enantiomers, along with four known compounds (2-5) were isolated from the marine sponge Spongia sp. The structures of (+)-1 and (-)-1 including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculation and X-ray diffraction. Compounds (+)-1 and (-)-1 were the first examples of valerenane sesquiterpenes isolated from the marine sponges. The cytotoxic activities of (+)-1 and (-)-1 were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qian Liang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jian Liao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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7
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Hanif N, Murni A, Tanaka C, Tanaka J. Marine Natural Products from Indonesian Waters. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060364. [PMID: 31248122 PMCID: PMC6627775 DOI: 10.3390/md17060364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are primal and have been a driver in the evolution of organic chemistry and ultimately in science. The chemical structures obtained from marine organisms are diverse, reflecting biodiversity of genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is an extraordinary feature of life and provides benefits to humanity while promoting the importance of environment conservation. This review covers the literature on marine natural products (MNPs) discovered in Indonesian waters published from January 1970 to December 2017, and includes 732 original MNPs, 4 structures isolated for the first time but known to be synthetic entities, 34 structural revisions, 9 artifacts, and 4 proposed MNPs. Indonesian MNPs were found in 270 papers from 94 species, 106 genera, 64 families, 32 orders, 14 classes, 10 phyla, and 5 kingdoms. The emphasis is placed on the structures of organic molecules (original and revised), relevant biological activities, structure elucidation, chemical ecology aspects, biosynthesis, and bioorganic studies. Through the synthesis of past and future data, huge and partly undescribed biodiversity of marine tropical invertebrates and their importance for crucial societal benefits should greatly be appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novriyandi Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Anggia Murni
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16128, Indonesia.
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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8
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Han GY, Sun DY, Liang LF, Yao LG, Chen KX, Guo YW. Spongian diterpenes from Chinese marine sponge Spongia officinalis. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:159-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Li J, Gu BB, Sun F, Xu JR, Jiao WH, Yu HB, Han BN, Yang F, Zhang XC, Lin HW. Sesquiterpene Quinones/Hydroquinones from the Marine Sponge Spongia pertusa Esper. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1436-1445. [PMID: 28398051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nine new sesquiterpene quinones/hydroquinones (1-7, 10, and 12), three solvent-generated artifacts (8, 9, and 11), and three known compounds, 5-epi-smenospongine (13), smenospongine (14), and smenospongiadine (15), were isolated from the marine sponge Spongia pertusa Esper. The planar structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparison between the calculated and experimental ECD spectra. In the cytotoxicity bioassay, compounds 13-15 exhibited activities against the human cancer cell lines U937, HeLa, and HepG2, with most potent cytotoxicities to U937 cells with IC50 values of 2.8, 1.5, and 0.6 μM, respectively. In addition, compound 6 displayed CDK-2 affinity with a Kd value of 4.8 μM in a surface plasmon resonance assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bin-Bin Gu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian-Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 20025, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jiao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hao-Bing Yu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bing-Nan Han
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xi-Chun Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
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10
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Ahmadi P, Haruyama T, Kobayashi N, de Voogd NJ, Tanaka J. Spongian Diterpenes from the Sponge Hyattella aff. intestinalis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:874-877. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peni Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus
| | | | | | | | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus
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11
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Máximo P, Ferreira LM, Branco P, Lima P, Lourenço A. The Role of Spongia sp. in the Discovery of Marine Lead Compounds. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E139. [PMID: 27455286 PMCID: PMC4999901 DOI: 10.3390/md14080139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive review on the chemistry of Spongia sp. is here presented, together with the biological activity of the isolated compounds. The compounds are grouped in sesquiterpene quinones, diterpenes, C21 and other linear furanoterpenes, sesterterpenes, sterols (including secosterols), macrolides and miscellaneous compounds. Among other reports we include studies on the intraspecific diversity of a Mediterranean species, compounds isolated from associated sponge and nudibranch and compounds isolated from S. zimocca and the red seaweed Laurentia microcladia. Under biological activity a table of the reported biological activities of the various compounds and the biological screening of extracts are described. The present review covers the literature from 1971 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Máximo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Luísa M Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Paula Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Lima
- Sea4Us-Biotecnologia de Recursos Marinhos, Ltd., 8650-378 Sagres, Portugal.
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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12
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2014 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 1116 citations (753 for the period January to December 2014) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1378 in 456 papers for 2014), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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13
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Xiao X, Xu Z, Zeng QD, Chen XB, Ji WH, Han Y, Wu P, Ren J, Zeng BB. Construction of the Isocopalane Skeleton: Application of a Desulfinylative 1,7-Hydrogen Atom Transfer Strategy. Chemistry 2015; 21:8351-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Kankala S, Pagadala R, Maddila S, Vasam CS, Jonnalagadda SB. Silver(i)–N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed multicomponent reactions: a facile synthesis of multisubstituted pyridines. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A room temperature four component reaction between aromatic aldehydes, CH2(CN)2and NH4OAc with ketones mediated by Ag(i)–NHC pre-catalysts to produce multisubstituted pyridines in a short reaction time in eco-friendly ethanol was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravankumar Kankala
- School of Chemistry & Physics
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
- Westville Campus
- Durban-4000
- South Africa
| | - Ramakanth Pagadala
- School of Chemistry & Physics
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
- Westville Campus
- Durban-4000
- South Africa
| | - Suresh Maddila
- School of Chemistry & Physics
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
- Westville Campus
- Durban-4000
- South Africa
| | - Chandra Sekhar Vasam
- Department of Chemistry
- Satavahana University
- Karimnagar
- India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
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