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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alharbi HOA, AlSuhaymi N, Alsugoor MH, Aldakheel FM, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Apigenin: A Bioflavonoid with a Promising Role in Disease Prevention and Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1353. [PMID: 38927560 PMCID: PMC11202028 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a powerful flavone compound found in numerous fruits and vegetables, and it offers numerous health-promoting benefits. Many studies have evidenced that this compound has a potential role as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound, making it a promising candidate for reducing the risk of pathogenesis. It has also been found to positively affect various systems in the body, such as the respiratory, digestive, immune, and reproductive systems. Apigenin is effective in treating liver, lung, heart, kidney, neurological diseases, diabetes, and maintaining good oral and skin health. Multiple studies have reported that this compound is capable of suppressing various types of cancer through the induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, suppressing cell migration and invasion, reduction of inflammation, and inhibiting angiogenesis. When used in combination with other drugs, apigenin increases their efficacy, reduces the risk of side effects, and improves the response to chemotherapy. This review broadly analyzes apigenin's potential in disease management by modulating various biological activities. In addition, this review also described apigenin's interaction with other compounds or drugs and the potential role of nanoformulation in different pathogeneses. Further extensive research is needed to explore the mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy of this compound in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
| | - Hajed Obaid A. Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
| | - Naif AlSuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Mahdi H. Alsugoor
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Fahad M. Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
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Liu Y, Li Z, Chen W, Feng X. Fast Determination of Rutin on a Biosensor Made Using a Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposite Modified Electrode. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:18. [PMID: 38248395 PMCID: PMC10813314 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a nanocomposite of LDH/graphene/polyaniline/gold (LDH/rGO/PANI/Au) was synthesized and characterized. The results of characterization showed that the composite material preserved the layered structure of LDH. The composite was dropped onto the glassy carbon electrode and laccase was then immobilized. Electrochemical tests showed that the composite could accelerate the electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode. The composite/laccase showed an obvious response to rutin and the optimal detection conditions were discussed. The oxidative peak current of the biosensor constructed using the modified electrode was negatively correlated with rutin in the range of 0.05-4 μg/mL. The detection limit was 0.0017 μg/mL at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. This biosensor of rutin also possessed high sensitivity, excellent anti-interference ability, and stability. The contents of rutin in tablets, first determined using HPLC, were also detected using the sensor constructed in this research as an application, and the results were acceptable. This research here provides a facile way for the fast detection of rutin in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Weizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Xiaomiao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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Wu T, Liu K, Chen M, Jiang B, Gong Q, Zhong Y. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of Shatian pomelo ( Citrus grandis var. Shatinyu Hort) leaves provide insights into the overexpression of the gibberellin-induced gene CcGASA4. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1022961. [PMID: 36407630 PMCID: PMC9671072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1022961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellic acid (GA)-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is highly specific to plants and plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. CcGASA4 is a member of the GASA gene family in citrus plants; however, the current understanding of its function in citrus is limited. We used CcGASA4-overexpression transgenic citrus (OEGA) and control (CON) plants to study the role of CcGASA4 in Shatian pomelo. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that 3,522 genes, including 1,578 upregulated and 1,944 downregulated genes, were significantly differentially expressed in the CON versus OEGA groups. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that 178 of the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with flowers. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in 134 pathways, including "plant-pathogen interaction", "MAPK signaling pathway-plant", "phenylpropane biosynthesis", "plant hormone signal transduction", "phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis", and "flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis". The most significantly-enriched pathway was "plant-pathogen interaction", in which 203 DEGs were enriched (126 DEGs were upregulated and 78 were downregulated). The metabolome analysis showed that 644 metabolites were detected in the OEGA and CON samples, including 294 differentially-accumulated metabolites (DAMs; 83 upregulated versus 211 downregulated in OEGA compared to CON). The metabolic pathway analysis showed that these DAMs were mainly involved in the metabolic pathways of secondary metabolites, such as phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis. Thirteen flavonoids and isoflavones were identified as DAMs in OEGA and CON. We also discovered 25 OEGA-specific accumulated metabolites and found 10 that were associated with disease resistance. CcGASA4 may therefore play a functional role in activating the expression of MAPK signaling transduction pathway and disease resistance genes, inhibiting the expression of auxin- and ethylene-related genes, and activating or inhibiting the expression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis- and abscisic acid-related genes. CcGASA4 may also play a role in regulating the composition and abundance of flavonoids, isoflavones, amino acids, purines, and phenolic compounds. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of CcGASA4 in citrus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijing Gong
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical of Fruit Tree Research, Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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Chrysanthemum boreale Makino Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Induced Neuronal Damage in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells by Suppressing MAPK-Regulated Apoptosis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175498. [PMID: 36080264 PMCID: PMC9457777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the pathological processes of many neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we demonstrated that Chrysanthemum boreale Makino extract (CBME) suppresses oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Our observations revealed that CBME effectively protected neuronal cells against H2O2-induced cell death by preventing caspase-3 activation, Bax upregulation, Bcl-2 downregulation, activation of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and NF-κB phosphorylation, and iNOS induction. These results provide evidence that CBME has remarkable neuroprotective properties in SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative damage, suggesting that the complementary or even alternative role of CBME in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases is worth further studies.
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Ouyang H, Fan Y, Wei S, Chang Y, He J. Study on the chemical profile of chrysanthemum and the evaluation of the similarities and differences between different cultivars. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200252. [PMID: 35831709 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum originates in China and has been cultivated for tea and food utilizations over 2 thousand years. According to differences in origin and processing methods, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. can be categorized into many cultivars. This study aims to investigate the chemical components of chrysanthemum and clarify the similarities and differences between different chrysanthemum varieties. A total of 55 non-volatile components and 66 volatile components in chrysanthemum were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods, respectively. A rapid UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 13 active components in 30 batches chrysanthemum samples of ten different cultivars. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to analyze the samples. The result indicated that Boju, Huaiju and Chuju were more similar in terms of the ingredient content and Qiju, Jinsihuangju, Huangju, Hangju, Gongju, Fubaiju, Baiju have a high degree of similarity. Furthermore, isochlorogenic acid C, luteolin, apigenin-7-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, apigenin and cryptochlorogenic acid plays an important role in distinguishing different varieties of chrysanthemum. The established strategy explains the similarities and differences between different varieties of chrysanthemums to some extent, and provides certain reference value for the choice of chrysanthemums for eating or medicinal purposes in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Ouyang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,, Poyang hu Road, Jinghai district, 301617, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,, Poyang hu Road, Jinghai district, 301617, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Shujie Wei
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,, Poyang hu Road, Jinghai district, 301617, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Yanxu Chang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,, Poyang hu Road, Jinghai district, 301617, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, state key laboratory, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,, Poyang hu Road, Jinghai district, 301617, Tianjin, CHINA
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Ono M, Sunagawa Y, Mochizuki S, Katagiri T, Takai H, Iwashimizu S, Inai K, Funamoto M, Shimizu K, Shimizu S, Katanasaka Y, Komiyama M, Hawke P, Hara H, Arakawa Y, Mori K, Asai A, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Chrysanthemum morifolium Extract Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Decreasing Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:683. [PMID: 35158951 PMCID: PMC8833354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the anthracycline anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) induces cardiotoxicity. Recently, Chrysanthemum morifolium extract (CME), an extract of the purple chrysanthemum flower, has been reported to possess various physiological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its effect on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is still unknown. An 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT)assay revealed that 1 mg/mL of CME reduced DOX-induced cytotoxicity in H9C2 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. A TUNEL assay indicated that CME treatment improved DOX-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells. Moreover, DOX-induced increases in the expression levels of p53, phosphorylated p53, and cleaved caspase-3,9 were significantly suppressed by CME treatment. Next, we investigated the effect of CME in vivo. The results showed that CME treatment substantially reversed the DOX-induced decrease in survival rate. Echocardiography indicated that CME treatment also reduced DOX-induced left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and a TUNEL assay showed that CME treatment also suppressed apoptosis in the mouse heart. These results reveal that CME treatment ameliorated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing apoptosis. Further study is needed to clarify the effect of CME on DOX-induced heart failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ono
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan;
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
| | - Saho Mochizuki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Takahiro Katagiri
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Hidemichi Takai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Sonoka Iwashimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Kyoko Inai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan;
| | - Kana Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan;
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan;
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
| | - Maki Komiyama
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan;
| | - Philip Hawke
- Laboratory of Scientific English, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan;
| | | | - Yoshiki Arakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
- Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka 420-0881, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan;
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (H.T.); (S.I.); (K.I.); (M.F.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (Y.K.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan;
- Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
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Gupta T, Kataria R, Sardana S. A Comprehensive Review on Current perspectives of Flavonoids as antimicrobial agent. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:425-434. [PMID: 35040402 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220117104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the secondary plant metabolites with diversities of pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, free radical scavenging activity and antiviral activities. Flavonoids have also been proved as a major contributor to the antimicrobial phytochemicals. Being the major substituent of antibiotics today flavonoids has attained high attention as there is increase in persistence of untreatable microbial infections due to microbial resistance. This review demonstrates the screening, isolation of extracts and derivatisation of various flavonoids and their evaluation for antimicrobial potency. Recent advancements of various derivatives of flavonoids having antimicrobial activity has also been discussed in this review. This review helps researchers to get vast knowledge about flavonoids and also give an idea for current scenario of flavonoids and its applications as antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Gupta
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad 201206, India
| | - Ritu Kataria
- G.V.M College of Pharmacy, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Satish Sardana
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, Gurugram, India
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent disease and becoming a serious public health threat worldwide. In recent years, numerous effective T2DM intervention regimens have been developed, with promising results. However, these regimens are not usually economically available, and they are not well tolerated due to treatment-related toxicities. The focus nowadays is to identify new effective therapeutic agents, with relatively low cost and low toxicity, which can be used regularly to control a progression of T2DM in the prediabetic population. Accordingly, there has been growing attention in herbal remedies that can be presented into the general population with the tiniest side effects and the maximal preventive outcome. This article reviews recent publications in experimental models of T2DM not revised before, and supporting the potential use of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals through different mechanisms with promising results in the context of T2DM.
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Li Q, Ge L, Zheng D, Zhang X, Zhao L. Screening and characterization of a GH78 α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus and its application in the bioconversion of icariin to icaritin with recombinant β-glucosidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 153:109940. [PMID: 34781207 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a GH78 α-L-rhamnosidase AtRha from Aspergillus terreus CCF3059 was screened and expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71H. The maximum enzyme activity of AtRha was 1000 U/mL after 12 days. AtRha was most active at 65 °C and pH 6.5, displaying excellent thermal stability and pH stability. The kinetic parameters Km, Vmax, kcat and kcat/Km values for pNPR were 0.481 mM, 659 μmol/min·mg, 1065 s-1 and 2214 s-1mM-1, respectively. AtRha could be inhibited by Fe2+, Hg2+ and Cu2+. Moreover, it displayed good tolerance to organic reagents with 52.6% activity in 15%(w/v) methanol. AtRha can hydrolyze icariin containing the α-1 rhamnoside linkage. Furthermore, AtRha and β-glucosidase TthBg3 showed excellent selectivity to cleave the rhamnose at the 3rd position and the glucosyl at the C-7 group of icariin, which established an effective and green method to produce the more pharmacological active icaritin. In addition, the optimal enzyme addition schemes and the reaction conditions were screened and optimized. After a two-stage transformation under optimized conditions, 0.5 g/L of icariin was transformed into 0.25 g/L of icaritin, with a corresponding molar conversion rate of 91.2%. Our findings provide a new, specific and cost-effective method for the production of icaritin in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lin Ge
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Biomedicine, Suzhou Chien-Shiung Institute of Technology, 1 Jiang Xiong Road, Taicang 215411, China
| | - Daiyi Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Feng G, Yang Y, Zeng J, Zhu J, Liu J, Wu L, Yang Z, Yang G, Mei Q, Chen Q, Ran F. Highly sensitive electrochemical determination of rutin based on the synergistic effect of 3D porous carbon and cobalt tungstate nanosheets. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:453-459. [PMID: 35811621 PMCID: PMC9257437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, is a potential anticancer compound with strong anticancer activity. Therefore, electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of rutin. In this study, CoWO4 nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and porous carbon (PC) was prepared via high-temperature pyrolysis. Successful preparation of the materials was confirmed, and characterization was performed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A mixture of PC and CoWO4 nanosheets was used as an electrode modifier to fabricate the electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical determination of rutin. The 3D CoWO4 nanosheets exhibited high electrocatalytic activity and good stability. PC has a high surface-to-volume ratio and superior conductivity. Moreover, the hydrophobicity of PC allows large amounts of rutin to be adsorbed, thereby increasing the concentration of rutin at the electrode surface. Owing to the synergistic effect of the 3D CoWO4 nanosheets and PC, the developed electrochemical sensor was employed to quantitively determine rutin with high stability and sensitivity. The sensor showed a good linear range (5–5000 ng/mL) with a detection limit of 0.45 ng/mL. The developed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in crushed tablets and human serum samples. Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on 3D porous carbon and CoWO4 nanosheets. Electrochemical signal of rutin is mainly based on its concentration at the electrode surface. The introduction of porous carbon improved the electrochemical performance of 3D CoWO4. The sensor was successfully applied to determine rutin in human serum samples.
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Sagaya Jansi R, Khusro A, Agastian P, Alfarhan A, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV, Rajagopal R, Barcelo D, Al-Tamimi A. Emerging paradigms of viral diseases and paramount role of natural resources as antiviral agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143539. [PMID: 33234268 PMCID: PMC7833357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario, the increasing prevalence of diverse microbial infections as well as emergence and re-emergence of viral epidemics with high morbidity and mortality rates are major public health threat. Despite the persistent production of antiviral drugs and vaccines in the global market, viruses still remain as one of the leading causes of deadly human diseases. Effective control of viral diseases, particularly Zika virus disease, Nipah virus disease, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Coronavirus disease, Herpes simplex virus infection, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and Ebola virus disease remain promising goal amidst the mutating viral strains. Current trends in the development of antiviral drugs focus solely on testing novel drugs or repurposing drugs against potential targets of the viruses. Compared to synthetic drugs, medicines from natural resources offer less side-effect to humans and are often cost-effective in the productivity approaches. This review intends not only to emphasize on the major viral disease outbreaks in the past few decades and but also explores the potentialities of natural substances as antiviral traits to combat viral pathogens. Here, we spotlighted a comprehensive overview of antiviral components present in varied natural sources, including plants, fungi, and microorganisms in order to identify potent antiviral agents for developing alternative therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sagaya Jansi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India
| | - Paul Agastian
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India.
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, JORDI GIRONA 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amal Al-Tamimi
- Ecology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Flavonoid-based inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 without concomitant inhibition of histone deacetylases durably reinforces HIV latency. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114462. [PMID: 33577894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) durably suppresses HIV replication, virus persists in CD4+ T-cells that harbor latent but spontaneously inducible and replication-competent provirus. One strategy to inactivate these viral reservoirs involves the use of agents that continue to reinforce HIV latency even after their withdrawal. To identify new chemical leads with such properties, we investigated a series of naturally-occurring flavones (chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, and luteolin-7-glucoside (L7G)) and functionally-related cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitors (flavopiridol and atuveciclib) which are reported or presumed to suppress HIV replication in vitro. We found that, while all compounds inhibit provirus expression induced by latency-reversing agents in vitro, only aglycone flavonoids (chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, flavopiridol) and atuveciclib, but not the glycosylated flavonoid L7G, inhibit spontaneous latency reversal. Aglycone flavonoids and atuveciclib, but not L7G, also inhibit CDK9 and the HIV Tat protein. Aglycone flavonoids do not reinforce HIV latency following their in vitro withdrawal, which corresponds with their ability to also inhibit class I/II histone deacetylases (HDAC), a well-established mechanism of latency reversal. In contrast, atuveciclib and flavopiridol, which exhibit little or no HDAC inhibition, continue to reinforce latency for 9 to 14+ days, respectively, following their withdrawal in vitro. Finally, we show that flavopiridol also inhibits spontaneous ex vivo viral RNA production in CD4+ T cells from donors with HIV. These results implicate CDK9 inhibition (in the absence of HDAC inhibition) as a potentially favorable property in the search for compounds that durably reinforce HIV latency.
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Abstract
Summary
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The urgent need for searching novel anti-HIV/AIDS medicines is a global concern. So far, a lot of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been analyzed to select those that could assist in the prevention and/or amelioration of the disease. Among biologically active compounds present in these plants, one of the most promising group are phenolics. The purpose of this article was to report anti-HIV activity of selected phenolic compounds of plant origin.
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Yuan H, Jiang S, Liu Y, Daniyal M, Jian Y, Peng C, Shen J, Liu S, Wang W. The flower head of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (Juhua): A paradigm of flowers serving as Chinese dietary herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113043. [PMID: 32593689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dietary herbal medicines are widely used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases due to their pharmacological activities in China. Juhua (the flower head of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), the most representative flower-derived one, which is mainly used for the treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, shows significant activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer, and, neuroprotective, as well as effects on the cardiovascular system. AIMS OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to provide an overview of the crucial roles of flowers in Chinese dietary herbal medicine, and the pharmaceutical research progress of Juhua (the paradigm of dietary herbal medicine derived from the flower) including its applications in Traditional Chinese medicine and diet, cultivars, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology, and toxicity, along with chrysanthemum breeding and biotechnology. METHOD The information associated with Chinese dietary herbal medicine, flower-derived medicine, dietary flower, and pharmaceutical research of Juhua, was collected from government reports, classic books of Traditional Chinese medicine, the thesis of doctors of philosophy and maters, and database including Pubmed, Scifinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Internet; and others. RESULT All flower-originated crude medicines recorded in Chinese pharmacopeia and their applications were summarized for the first time in this paper. The edible history and development of flowers in China, the theory of Chinese dietary herbal medicines, as well as flowers serving as dietary herbal medicines, were discussed. Moreover, applications in Traditional Chinese medicine and diet, cultivars, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology, and safety evaluation of Juhua, together with chrysanthemum breeding and biotechnology, were summarized in this paper. CONCLUSION The theory of dietary herbal medicines, which are an important part of the Traditional Chinese medicine system, has a history of thousands of years. Many herbal flowers, serving as dietary herbal medicines, contribute significantly to the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases for Chinese people. To better benefit human health, more effective supervision practice for dietary herbal medicines is needed. Although various investigations on Juhua have been done, there is a lack of analytical methods for discrimination of cultivar flowers and identification of authenticity. Research on the major compounds with bioactivities, especially those related to its clinical application or healthcare function, as well as their possible mechanize, need be strengthened. More safety evaluation of Juhua should be carried out. The research limitations Juhua is facing exist in all dietary herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Sai Jiang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yingkai Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yuqing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Caiyun Peng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Hunan Kangdejia Forestry Technology Co., Ltd., Yongzhou, 425600, China
| | - Shifeng Liu
- Hunan Kangdejia Forestry Technology Co., Ltd., Yongzhou, 425600, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
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Chrysanthemum indicum and Chrysanthemum morifolium: Chemical Composition of Their Essential Oils and Their Potential Use as Natural Preservatives with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101460. [PMID: 33066507 PMCID: PMC7602131 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of essential oils of Chrysanthemum indicum and C. morifolium were comparatively studied using both Gas Chromatography/Flame ionization Detector (GC/FID) and Gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. The antiviral activity was determined using a plaque reduction assay against three common viruses namely, herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1), hepatitis A (HAV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar diffusion and microdilution methods and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined. In addition, the anti-mycobacterial evaluation was carried out using the Alamar blue assay and the effect against Helicobacter pylori was investigated. The anti-trypanosomal activity was evaluated using the resazurin method. GC investigations revealed that camphor is the major constituent of both oils accounting for 36.69 and 14.56% in the essential oils from C. indicum and C. morifolium, respectively. C. indicum was biologically more active in all experiments; it exhibited a notable antitrypanosomal activity with an IC50 value equals 45.89 μg/mL and a notable antimicrobial activity versus Streptococcus agalactiae with a MIC value of 62.5 μg/mL. It also inhibited the replication of VSV with an IC50 value of 3.14 μg/mL. Both oils revealed antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 2.21 and 2.59 mg/mL for C. indicum and C. morifolium, respectively. This study provides evidence beyond the traditional use of both Chrysanthemum indicum and C. morifolium as anti-infective agents. Thus they could be used as spices in food and can be incorporated in different food products and pharmaceutical preparations as natural preservatives possessing antioxidant potential.
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Acacetin, a flavone with diverse therapeutic potential in cancer, inflammation, infections and other metabolic disorders. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111708. [PMID: 32866514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acacetin is a di-hydroxy and mono-methoxy flavone present in various plants, including black locust, Damiana, Silver birch. Literature information revealed that acacetin exhibits an array of pharmacological potential including chemopreventive and cytotoxic properties in cancer cell lines, prevents ischemia/reperfusion/myocardial infarction-induced cardiac injury, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced neuroinflammation, LPS and sepsis-induced lung injury, rheumatoid and collagen-induced arthritis, inhibit the microbial growth, obesity, viral-mediated infections as well as hepatic protection. PURPOSE This review highlights the therapeutic potential of acacetin, with updated and comprehensive information on the biological sources, chemistry, and pharmacological properties along with the possible mechanism of action, safety aspects, and future research opportunities. STUDY DESIGN The information was retrieved from various search engines, including Pubmed, SciFinder, Science direct, Inxight:drugs, Google scholar, and Meta cyc. RESULT The first section of this review focuses on the detailed biological source of acacetin, chromatographic techniques used for isolation, chemical characteristics, the method for the synthesis of acacetin, and the available natural and synthetic derivatives. Subsequently, the pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, have been discussed. The pharmacokinetics data and toxicity profile of acacetin are also discussed. CONCLUSION Acacetin is a potent molecule reported for its strong anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity, however further scientific evidence is essential to validate its potency in disease models associated with inflammation and cancer. There is limited information available for toxicity profiling of acacetin; therefore, further studies would aid in establishing this natural flavone as a potent candidate for research studies at clinical setup.
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Kamiohnoyneosides A and B, two new polyacetylene glycosides from flowers of edible Chrysanthemum "Kamiohno". J Nat Med 2020; 75:167-172. [PMID: 32803654 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two new polyacetylene glycosides, kamiohnoyneosides A and B, were isolated from the flowers of edible Chrysanthemum "Kamiohno", along with a known polyacetylene glycoside and two known monoterpene glycosides. The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Kamiohnoyneoside A and three known compounds moderately inhibited formation of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, one of the representative advanced glycation endproducts.
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Kaur R, Sharma P, Gupta GK, Ntie-Kang F, Kumar D. Structure-Activity-Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Anti-HIV Natural Products. Molecules 2020; 25:E2070. [PMID: 32365518 PMCID: PMC7249135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which chiefly originatesfroma retrovirus named Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), has impacted about 70 million people worldwide. Even though several advances have been made in the field of antiretroviral combination therapy, HIV is still responsible for a considerable number of deaths in Africa. The current antiretroviral therapies have achieved success in providing instant HIV suppression but with countless undesirable adverse effects. Presently, the biodiversity of the plant kingdom is being explored by several researchers for the discovery of potent anti-HIV drugs with different mechanisms of action. The primary challenge is to afford a treatment that is free from any sort of risk of drug resistance and serious side effects. Hence, there is a strong demand to evaluate drugs derived from plants as well as their derivatives. Several plants, such as Andrographis paniculata, Dioscorea bulbifera, Aegle marmelos, Wistaria floribunda, Lindera chunii, Xanthoceras sorbifolia and others have displayed significant anti-HIV activity. Here, weattempt to summarize the main results, which focus on the structures of most potent plant-based natural products having anti-HIV activity along with their mechanisms of action and IC50 values, structure-activity-relationships and important key findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Girish K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani, Pathankot 145001, India;
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
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A New Isochromeno[4,3-b]Chromen-7(5H)-One Derivative and Bioactive Constituents of Filipendula kiraishiensis. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Nie J, Xiao L, Zheng L, Du Z, Liu D, Zhou J, Xiang J, Hou J, Wang X, Fang J. An integration of UPLC-DAD/ESI-Q-TOF MS, GC-MS, and PCA analysis for quality evaluation and identification of cultivars of Chrysanthemi Flos (Juhua). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 59:152803. [PMID: 31005811 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysanthemi Flos (CF), as a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has five main cultivars in China, namely "Chuju", "Boju", "Gongju", "Huaiju" and "Hangju". Due to their habitats and processing methods, great quality variations occur yet no systematical study has ever been carried out to evaluate such variations. PURPOSE In this study, we aim to establish a new approach that can serve both as a quality control method and as an identification method for cultivars of CF. METHOD The components in CF samples were identified by a combination of UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS and GC/MS. Furthermore, a multimodal quantitative method was established by UPLC-UV coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) and the similarity evaluation system (SES), which was used to control and identify four cultivars of CF. RESULTS 18 compounds of flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids were identified and ten of them were quantified using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. Different cultivars of CF could be clearly distinguished with the fingerprints evaluation and principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 74 volatile compounds were detected by GC/MS. The distinctness of volatile components was observed. By the combination of UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS and GC/MS, an identification and quality control method for CF was successfully established. CONCLUSION The combination of UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS and GC/MS could act as a comprehensive multimodal method for both identification and quality control of herbal medicines. This study provided new insights into the overall evaluation method for herbal medicines possessing different cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Hubei Institute for Food and Drug Control, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Hubei Institute for Food and Drug Control, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Lamei Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhifeng Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiewen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Junjie Hou
- Hubei Institute for Food and Drug Control, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinbo Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Mendiratta(Nee Chugh) A, Dayal R, Bartley JP. Two New Apigenin Glycosides from Cephalotaxus Harringtonia Var. Harringtonia. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin and its two new glycosides namely apigenin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and apigenin-5-O-β-D-(6″-acetylglucopyranosyl-(2→1)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside have been isolated and characterized from the needles of Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. harringtonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rameshwar Dayal
- Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun-248006, India
| | - John P. Bartley
- School of Physical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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New Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivatives and Flavanone Glycoside from the Flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium and Their Bioactivities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050850. [PMID: 30823375 PMCID: PMC6429231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chrysanthemum morifolium flower is widely used in China and Japan as a food, beverage, and medicine for many diseases. In our work, two new caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (1, 2), a new flavanone glycoside (3), and six reported flavanones (4–9) were isolated and identified from the flowers of C. morifolium. The chemical structures of all isolates were elucidated by the analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with previously reported data. The isolated constituents 1–8 were evaluated for their neuroprotective activity, and compounds 3 and 4 displayed neuroprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
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Yang PF, Yang YN, Feng ZM, Jiang JS, Zhang PC. Six new compounds from the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium and their biological activities. Bioorg Chem 2018; 82:139-144. [PMID: 30321776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Flower of Chrysanthemum morifolium is widely used in China and Japan as a folk medicine in treatment of many diseases. However, its active compounds remain largely unknown. In the present work, we have isolated, purified and characterized six new compounds (1-6), including two new arylnaphthalene lignans and four new phenolic glycosides, together with eight known compounds (7-14), from the flower of C. morifolium. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated in detail using 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, ORD, HRESIMS and ECD spectrometric data. In addition, compounds 1-3 possessed the significant neuroprotective activity against hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Salehi B, Kumar NVA, Şener B, Sharifi-Rad M, Kılıç M, Mahady GB, Vlaisavljevic S, Iriti M, Kobarfard F, Setzer WN, Ayatollahi SA, Ata A, Sharifi-Rad J. Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1459. [PMID: 29757986 PMCID: PMC5983620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the epidemic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected around 70 million people worldwide, most of whom reside is sub-Saharan Africa. There have been very promising developments in the treatment of HIV with anti-retroviral drug cocktails. However, drug resistance to anti-HIV drugs is emerging, and many people infected with HIV have adverse reactions or do not have ready access to currently available HIV chemotherapies. Thus, there is a need to discover new anti-HIV agents to supplement our current arsenal of anti-HIV drugs and to provide therapeutic options for populations with limited resources or access to currently efficacious chemotherapies. Plant-derived natural products continue to serve as a reservoir for the discovery of new medicines, including anti-HIV agents. This review presents a survey of plants that have shown anti-HIV activity, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 88777539 Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 22439789 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nanjangud V Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Bilge Şener
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 61663-335 Zabol, Iran.
| | - Mehtap Kılıç
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gail B Mahady
- PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sanja Vlaisavljevic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 11369 Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 11369 Tehran, Iran.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 11369 Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 11369 Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 11369 Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
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Bakthadoss M, Kumar PV, Reddy TS. Ruthenium-Catalyzed, Keto-Directed, Site-Selective C-H Activation of Diverse Chromanones with Alkenes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Polu Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Pondicherry University; 605014 Puducherry India
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Ali F, Rahul, Naz F, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Health functionality of apigenin: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1207188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Elo-Manga SS, Tih AE, Ghogomu RT, Blond A, Bodo B. Chemical constituents of the leaves of Campylospermum elongatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 72:71-75. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The leaves of Campylospermum elongatum have furnished the cyano-glycoside (lithospermoside), nine isomeric biflavonoid derivatives among which five are I3–II6 linked (robustaflavone; 4′-O-methyl robustaflavone; 4′,4″′-di-O-methyl robustaflavone; 7,4′,4″-tri-O-methyl robustaflavone; 4′,7″-di-O-methyl robustaflavone) and four I3–II8 linked (amentoflavone; 7-O-methyl amentoflavone; 7,7″-di-O-methyl amentoflavone; 7, 4′,7″-tri-O-methyl amentoflavone) and a flavone glycoside, 4″-O-methyl-7-O-β-d-galactosylapigenin. All structures were established from a complete spectroscopic analysis (MS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR, including HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) as well as by comparing the obtained spectroscopic data with literature. This is the first report on the characterization of 4′-O-methyl-7-O-β-d-galactosylapigenin from the genus campylospermum and thus has important chemotaxonomic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savio S. Elo-Manga
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Yaounde I , P.O. Box 812 Yaounde , Cameroon
| | - Anastasie E. Tih
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Yaounde I , P.O. Box 812 Yaounde , Cameroon
| | - Raphael T. Ghogomu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Yaounde I , P.O. Box 812 Yaounde , Cameroon
| | - Alain Blond
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Substances Naturelles , 63 Rue Buffon , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Bernard Bodo
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Substances Naturelles , 63 Rue Buffon , 75005 Paris , France
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Ahmad A, Kaleem M, Ahmed Z, Shafiq H. Therapeutic potential of flavonoids and their mechanism of action against microbial and viral infections—A review. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yamamoto J, Tadaishi M, Yamane T, Oishi Y, Shimizu M, Kobayashi-Hattori K. Hot water extracts of edible Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. exert antidiabetic effects in obese diabetic KK-Ay mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1147-54. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1008975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the antidiabetic effects of a hot water extract of edible Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (HW-ECM) were investigated in type 2 diabetic mice. HW-ECM improved blood glucose levels and insulin resistance and increased adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissues and protein concentrations in the plasma. Moreover, it increased adipose mRNA and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a regulator of adiponectin transcription, and mRNA expression of its downstream target genes. It also reduced the adipose cell size and attenuated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines in adipose tissues. These data presumably indicate a hypoglycemic mechanism of HW-ECM, involving increased PPARγ expression, decreased the adipocyte sizes, and suppression of chronic inflammation in adipose tissues. Finally, elevated adiponectin levels lead to amelioration of insulin resistance and the corresponding hypoglycemic effects. Therefore, HW-ECM indicates its potential as a functional food for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kazuo Kobayashi-Hattori
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamamoto J, Yamane T, Oishi Y, Shimizu M, Tadaishi M, Kobayashi-Hattori K. Chrysanthemum Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation, Adiponectin Secretion and Glucose Uptake. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:255-67. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, and its endocrine function is closely related to type 2 diabetes. Edible Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (ECM) possesses several biological properties; however, its effect on adipocytes remains unclear. We investigated the effect of the hot water extract of ECM (HW-ECM) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. HW-ECM enhanced adipocyte differentiation, adiponectin secretion, and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. It also increased the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, adiponectin transcription, and GLUT4 expression. In addition, HW-ECM increased the mRNA levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-delta (C/EBPδ), which induces PPARγ expression, but not C/EBPβ, during early adipocyte differentiation. These results suggest that HW-ECM enhances adipocyte differentiation, adiponectin secretion, and glucose uptake through C/EBPδ-induced PPARγ expression. These effects of HW-ECM on adipocytes suggest that HW-ECM is potentially beneficial for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yamamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamane
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oishi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Miki Tadaishi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kobayashi-Hattori
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Inhibitory Effects of Chrysanthemum boreale Essential Oil on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Expression of Streptococcus mutans. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:616309. [PMID: 25763094 PMCID: PMC4339706 DOI: 10.1155/2015/616309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of essential oil extracted from Chrysanthemum boreale (C. boreale) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). To investigate anticariogenic properties, and bacterial growth, acid production, biofilm formation, bacterial adherence of S. mutans were evaluated. Then gene expression of several virulence factors was also evaluated. C. boreale essential oil exhibited significant inhibition of bacterial growth, adherence capacity, and acid production of S. mutans at concentrations 0.1-0.5 mg/mL and 0.25-0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The safranin staining and scanning electron microscopy results showed that the biofilm formation was also inhibited. The result of live/dead staining showed the bactericidal effect. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis showed that the gene expression of some virulence factors such as gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, spaP, brpA, relA, and vicR of S. mutans was significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner. In GC and GC-MS analysis, seventy-two compounds were identified in the oil, representing 85.42% of the total oil. The major components were camphor (20.89%), β-caryophyllene (5.71%), α-thujone (5.46%), piperitone (5.27%), epi-sesquiphellandrene (5.16%), α-pinene (4.97%), 1,8-cineole (4.52%), β-pinene (4.45%), and camphene (4.19%). These results suggest that C. boreale essential oil may inhibit growth, adhesion, acid tolerance, and biofilm formation of S. mutans through the partial inhibition of several of these virulence factors.
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Hatzade K, Sheikh J, Taile V, Ghatole A, Ingle V, Genc M, Lahsasni S, Ben Hadda T. Antimicrobial/antioxidant activity and POM analyses of novel 7-o-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-3-(4,5-disubstituted imidazol-2-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Antioxidant activity of flavonoids: a QSAR modeling using Fukui indices descriptors. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2476. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sagi S, Avula B, Wang YH, Zhao J, Khan IA. Quantitative determination of seven chemical constituents and chemo-type differentiation of chamomiles using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2797-804. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayanaraju Sagi
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Sepay N, Dey SP. Synthesis and Chemical Reactivity of 4-Oxo-4 H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxaldehyde. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry; R.K.Mission Vivekananda Centenary College; Rahara Kolkata 700 118 West Bengal India
| | - Sankar P. Dey
- Department of Chemistry; Srikrishna College; Bagula Nadia-741502 West Bengal India
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Amir M, Mujeeb M, Ahmad S, Akhtar M, Ashraf K. Design expert-supported development and validation of HPTLC method: An application in simultaneous estimation of quercetin and rutin in Punica granatum, Tamarindus indica and Prunus domestica. Pharm Methods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phme.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Phosrithong N, Ungwitayatorn J. Ligand-based CoMFA and CoMSIA studies on chromone derivatives as radical scavengers. Bioorg Chem 2013; 49:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nugroho A, Lim SC, Choi J, Park HJ. Identification and quantification of the sedative and anticonvulsant flavone glycoside from Chrysanthemum boreale. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:51-60. [PMID: 23325489 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The flowers or leaves of Chrysanthemum boreale (Compositae) have been traditionally used as herb tea to reduce anxiety, insomnia, and stress. Sedative and anticonvulsant activities were evaluated in mice using pentobarbital-induced sleeping assay and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion assay. The flower extract exhibited more potent activities than the extracts of the leaves and stems, and chromatographic isolation yielded the five compounds acacetin, linarin, acacetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, chlorogenic acid, and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. These compounds were simultaneously analyzed by HPLC, and the method was validated. The contents of linarin, which were shown to be most abundant in C. boreale, were observed in the order of leaf (11.93 mg/g) > flower (8.50 mg/g) > stem (5.60 mg/g). Linarin and its aglycone, acacetin, exhibited sedative and anticonvulsant activities in the present in vivo assays. It can be considered that linarin is one of the active compounds effective against anxiety, insomnia, and stress, with acacetin as its active moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agung Nugroho
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Graduate School, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
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Suh KS, Rhee SY, Jung WW, Kim NJ, Jang YP, Kim HJ, Kim MK, Choi YK, Kim YS. Chrysanthemum zawadskii extract protects osteoblastic cells from highly reducing sugar-induced oxidative damage. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:241-50. [PMID: 23652775 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Chrysanthemum zawadskii extract (CZE) was investigated to determine its effects on 2-deoxy-D-ribose (dRib)-induced oxidative damage and cellular dysfunction in the MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cell line. Osteoblastic cells were treated with the highly reducing sugar, dRib, in the presence or absence of CZE. Cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were subsequently examined. It was observed that dRib reduced cell survival, while it markedly increased the intracellular levels of ROS and apoptosis. However, pre-treatment of the cells with CZE attenuated all the dRib-induced effects. The antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), also prevented dRib-induced oxidative cell damage. In addition, treatment with CZE resulted in a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen content, as well as in the expression of genes associated with osteoblast differentiation [ALP, collagen, osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OC) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2, BMP4 and BMP7]. In mechanistic studies of the antioxidative potential of CZE, we found that CZE reversed the dRib-induced decrease in the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT)1 and AKT2 genes, which are master regulators of survival-related signaling pathways. CZE also upregulated the gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, SOD3 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which was inhibited by dRib. Taken together, these results suggest that CZE attenuates dRib-induced cell damage in osteoblastic cells and may be useful for the treatment of diabetes-associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
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Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Cells Stimulated by Components from Dendranthema × grandiflorum cv. "Mottenohoka" Is Enhanced by Suppressing Phosphorylation of p38MAPK. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:403503. [PMID: 23554829 PMCID: PMC3608199 DOI: 10.1155/2013/403503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Components from Dendranthema × grandiflorum cv. "Mottenohoka" that promote neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells were identified and the mechanism of neurite outgrowth stimulated by isolated components was studied. Components that promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) of PC12 cells were isolated. From various structural analyses, the active components were identified as acacetin and luteolin. The effects of acacetin or luteolin on PC12 cells were evaluated by electro-blotting and immunostaining. Slight neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells was observed within 2 days of culture after stimulation by luteolin or acacetin. However, NGF-stimulation induced remarkable neurite outgrowth in comparison. Neurite outgrowth by luteolin or acacetin was significantly enhanced by pretreatment with SB203580 (a p38MAPK inhibitor). The results of this study into the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38MAPK by flavonoids suggest that the inhibition of p38MAPK phosphorylation may effectively enhance neurite outgrowth.
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Chate AV, Ghotekar DS, Bhagat SS, Gill CH. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-(Pyridine-3-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asha V. Chate
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad; Maharashtra 431 004; India
| | - Dattatraya S. Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad; Maharashtra 431 004; India
| | - Sunil S. Bhagat
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad; Maharashtra 431 004; India
| | - Charansingh H. Gill
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad; Maharashtra 431 004; India
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Xie YY, Qu JL, Wang QL, Wang Y, Yoshikawa M, Yuan D. Comparative evaluation of cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis and antiallergic assay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:12574-83. [PMID: 23214422 DOI: 10.1021/jf304080v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A multicomponent quantification fingerprint based on HPLC coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) technique has been established for the analysis of phenolic compounds in 12 samples originated from 5 different cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers in China. Four caffeoylquinic acids and 15 flavonoids in the capitulum were identified by comparing the retention times and ultraviolet spectra as well as the mass spectrum and/or matching the empirical molecular formula with that of reference compounds, and the contents of these compounds have been determined simultaneously. The samples from three medicinal cultivars significantly differed in the quality and quantity of flavonoid aglycones and glycosides compared with those from two edible cultivars, which allows the possibility of showing the chemical distinctness of these cultivars and may be useful in their standardization. Moreover, the antiallergic effects of these cultivars were comparatively assayed for the first time. A representative medicinal cultivar, 'huaiju', showed potential activity on the inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation from RBL-2H3 cells and compound 48/80-induced scratching in mice, whereas the in vitro and in vivo antiallergic activities of two edible cultivars were weak. The results suggested that the quality and quantity of some active flavonoid aglycones should be responsible for the pharmacological profiles of these cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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Kim KS, Lim DJ, Yang HJ, Choi EK, Shin MH, Ahn KS, Jung SH, Um JY, Jung HJ, Lee JH, Lee SG, Jung SK, Jang HJ. The multi-targeted effects of Chrysanthemum herb extract against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1398-406. [PMID: 23255247 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium extract, which includes chrysoeriol, sudachitin, and acacetin, has excellent antibiotic effects on Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157). A notable point is that the antibiotic targets of the herb extract are similar to the targets of commonly used antibiotic drugs, including bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, bacterial protein synthesis, and bacterial DNA replication and repair. In addition, the herbal antibiotic inhibits the etiological factors that contribute to the pathogenic property. The herbal sample was extracted and fractionated and then inoculated through a disk diffusion method to confirm its antibiotic effect against E. coli O157. Total RNA was isolated from the affected bacterial cells, and its expression level was analyzed through a microarray analysis. To confirm the accuracy of the microarray data, a real-time PCR was performed. Three active compounds, chrysoeriol, sudachitin, and acacetin, were identified with a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry chromatogram, and the disk diffusion study confirmed that chrysoeriol and sudachitin contribute to the antibiotic properties of the herb extract. The results demonstrate that the multi-target efficacy of the herbal sample may indicate the potential for the development of more effective and safer drugs that will act as substitutes for existing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Suk Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Heogi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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de Toledo T, da Silva L, Botelho T, Ramos R, de Souza Jr. P, Teixeira A, Freire P, Bento R. Characterization of flavonoid 3-Methoxyquercetin performed by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies and DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kheiri Manjili H, Jafari H, Ramazani A, Davoudi N. Anti-leishmanial and toxicity activities of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:2115-21. [PMID: 22875395 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis in Iran. As there is not any vaccine for leishmaniasis, treatment is important to prevent the spreading of parasites. There is, therefore, a need to develop newer drugs from different sources. The aim of this study was to assess anti-leishmanial activity of the ethanolic extracts of 17 different medicinal plants against Leishmania major promastigotes and macrophage cell line J774. The selection of the hereby studied 17 plants was based on the existing information on their local ethnobotanic history. Plants were dried, powdered, and macerated in a hydroalcoholic solution. Resulting extracts have been assessed for in vitro anti-leishmanial and brine shrimp toxicity activities. Four plants, Caesalpinia gilliesii, Satureia hortensis, Carum copticum heirm, and Thymus migricus, displayed high anti-leishmanial activity (IC50, 9.76 ± 1.27, 15.625 ± 3.76, 15.625 ± 5.46, and 31.25 ± 15.44 μM, respectively) and were toxic against the J774 macrophage cell line at higher concentrations than those needed to inhibit the parasite cell growth (IC50, 45.13 ± 3.17, 100.44 ± 17.48, 43.76 ± 0.78, and 39.67 ± 3.29 μM, respectively). Glucantime as positive control inhibited the growth of L. major promastigotes with IC50 = 254 μg/ml on promastigotes (1 × 10(6)/100 μ/well) of a log phase culture, without affecting the growth of J774 macrophages. These data revealed that C. gilliesii, S. hortensis, C. copticum heirm, and T. migricus extracts contain active compounds, which could serve as alternative agents in the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The activity of these herbs against L. major promastigotes and macrophage cell line J774 was reported for the first time in our study.
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Liu J, Chen L, Cai S, Wang Q. Semisynthesis of apigenin and acacetin-7-O-β-D-glycosides from naringin and their cytotoxic activities. Carbohydr Res 2012; 357:41-6. [PMID: 22732304 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glycosides 1-8 and acacetin-7-O-β-D-glycosides 9-16 were semisynthesized from 4'-O-benzyl apigenin 17 and acacetin 18 by glycosidation and deprotection with the corresponding α-acetylglycosyl bromide, respectively. Compounds 17 and 18 were prepared by iodination followed by base-induced elimination, 4'-O-benzylation, or 4'-O-methylation and acid hydrolysis using naringin as starting material which is readily available and cheap. Their cytotoxic potential against five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480) was evaluated by standard MTT method. The results show that compounds 2, 9, and 19 exhibit moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480, while compound 3 exhibits potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 selectively. Among the synthesized target compounds, 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 15, and 16 were new compounds, the natural product 8 was the first synthesized and the synthesis of natural products 5, 6, 13, and 14 was efficiently improved by the new synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, ChangSha 410082, PR China
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Yang G, Lee K, An DG, Lee MH, Ham IH, Choi HY. Effect of Chrysanthemi borealis flos on atopic dermatitis induced by 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene in NC/Nga mouse. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:413-8. [PMID: 22564174 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.613401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The flower of Chrysanthemum boreale has traditionally been used for treatment of various inflammatory disease including atopic dermatitis (AD). However, its action on AD is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of CB on AD using NC/Nga mice as an AD model. The effect of CB on 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) induced NC/Nga mice was evaluated by examining skin symptom severity, itching behavior, ear thickness, levels of serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-4 (IL-4), skin histology. The CB significantly reduced the total clinical severity score, itching behavior, ear thickness and the level of serum IgE in AD mouse model. CB not only decreased TNF-α but also IL-4. These results suggest that CB may be a potential therapeutic modality for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabsik Yang
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Phosrithong N, Samee W, Ungwitayatorn J. 3D-QSAR studies of natural flavonoid compounds as reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu J, Wei H, Xue J. Degradation of imidacloprid in chrysanthemi flos and soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 88:776-780. [PMID: 22398690 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of imidacloprid in chrysanthemi flos and cultivated soil was studied. The half-lives of imidacloprid were 3.55-5.17 days (soil), 2.10-3.98 days (fresh buds and flowers), 22.14 days (dry flowers, 5°C) and 13.08 days (dry flower, 20°C), separately. The temperature can affect imidacloprid degradation in soil and dry chrysanthemum buds and flowers. Imidacloprid residues in chrysanthemum flowers were more stable during store stage than growing one. Few imidacloprid residues would be dissolved into chrysanthemum tea liquor when the residue in dry buds or dry flowers was below 0.8 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
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