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Ngo TN, Nguyen TA, Huynh NT, Ly HD, Dang THN, Nguyen TKP, Huynh KY, Dang VS, Nguyen QH, Ngo QL, Do THT, Dung Hoang TK, Nguyen TP. Heptaellipside A, a rare new 2,28-bidesmosidic lupane-type saponin from the leaves of Heptapleurum ellipticum. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38962963 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2375311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, phytochemical constituents of the leaves of Heptapleurum ellipticum were investigated. One rare new 2,28-bidesmosidic lupane-type saponin, named heptaellipside A (1), along with four other lupane-type analogs (2-5) were purified by combining differently chromatographic methods. All of the separated compounds (1-5) were communicated for the first time from H. ellipticum. The structures of them were definitely illustrated following extensive and comprehensive UV/VIS, FTIR, HRMS/ESI, and NMR techniques. Further, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition. As the results, compound 3 respectively exhibited stronger in both inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase (IC50 values of 15.53 and 26.93 μM), than the acarbose standard (IC50 values of 214.50 and 143.48 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Nghia Ngo
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Kien Giang University (FENS-KGU), Châu Thành, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Hoang Diem Ly
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Social Sciences and Humanities, Kien Giang University (FPSH-KGU), Châu Thành, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Ngoc Dang
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Kien Giang University (FENS-KGU), Châu Thành, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam
| | - Thi Kim Phung Nguyen
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Social Sciences and Humanities, Kien Giang University (FPSH-KGU), Châu Thành, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam
| | - Kim Yen Huynh
- Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development, Kien Giang University (FARD-KGU), Châu Thành, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam
| | - Van Son Dang
- Institute of Tropical Biology-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (ITB-VAST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quan Hien Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics and Informatics-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (IAMI-VAST), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Quoc Luan Ngo
- School of Education, Can Tho University (SE-CTU), Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Tuoi Do
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (FP-UMP), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Kim Dung Hoang
- Institute of Chemical Technology-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (ICT-VAST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (GUST-VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tan Phat Nguyen
- Institute of Chemical Technology-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (ICT-VAST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology-Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (GUST-VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
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2
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Sylla B, Jost G, Lavoie S, Legault J, Gauthier C, Pichette A. Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of d- and l-sugar-containing mono- and bidesmosidic ursane-type saponins. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 106:117737. [PMID: 38718553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Ursolic acid and uvaol are naturally occurring triterpenoids that exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including cytotoxicity. However, a primary challenge in the development of ursane-type pentacyclic triterpenoids for pharmacological use is their poor aqueous solubility, which can impede their effectiveness as therapeutics agents. In this study, we present the facile synthesis of ursolic acid monodesmosides and uvaol bidesmosides, incorporating naturally occurring and water-soluble pentoses and deoxyhexose sugar moieties of opposite d- and l-configurations at the C3 or C3/C28 positions of the ursane core. The twenty synthetic saponins were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity against lung carcinoma (A549) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cell lines. Notably, all the bidesmosidic uvaol saponins were shown to be cytotoxic as compared to their non-cytotoxic parent triterpenoid. For each series of ursane-type saponins, the most active compounds were 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl ursolic acid (3h) and 3,28-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl uvaol (4f), showing IC50 values in the low micromolar range against A549 and DLD-1 cancer lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balla Sylla
- Centre de Recherche sur La Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Gilles Jost
- Centre de Recherche sur La Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Serge Lavoie
- Centre de Recherche sur La Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Jean Legault
- Centre de Recherche sur La Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) INRS-UQAC, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Chicoutimi & Laval, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Centre de Recherche sur La Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) INRS-UQAC, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Chicoutimi & Laval, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - André Pichette
- Centre de Recherche sur La Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
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3
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Madej M, Gola J, Chrobak E. Synthesis, Pharmacological Properties, and Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Antitumor Activity of Betulin and Its Derivatives in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2768. [PMID: 38140110 PMCID: PMC10748330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are an increasingly common type of malignancy, caused by the unhealthy lifestyles of people worldwide. Limited methods of treatment have prompted the search for new compounds with antitumor activity, in which betulin (BE) is leading the way. BE as a compound is classified as a pentacyclic triterpene of the lupane type, having three highly reactive moieties in its structure. Its mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of key components of signaling pathways associated with proliferation, migration, interleukins, and others. BE also has a number of biological properties, i.e., anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, as well as antitumor. Due to its poor bioavailability, betulin is subjected to chemical modifications, obtaining derivatives with proven enhanced pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties as a result. The method of synthesis and substituents significantly influence the effect on cells and GI cancers. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect is highly dependent on the derivative as well as the individual cell line. The aim of this study is to review the methods of synthesis of BE and its derivatives, as well as its pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms of action in colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Madej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Silesia LabMed, Centre for Research and Implementation, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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4
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Xu Y, Qian L, Fang M, Liu Y, Xu ZJ, Ge X, Zhang Z, Liu ZP, Lou H. Tumor selective self-assembled nanomicelles of carbohydrate-epothilone B conjugate for targeted chemotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115693. [PMID: 37531745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Epothilone B (Epo B) is a potent antitumor natural product with sub-nanomolar anti-proliferation action against several human cancer cells. However, poor selectivity to tumor cells and unacceptable therapeutic windows of Epo B and its analogs are the major obstacles to their development into clinical drugs. Herein, we present self-assembled nanomicelles based on an amphiphilic carbohydrate-Epo B conjugate that is inactive until converted to active Epo B within the tumor. Four Epo B-Rhamnose conjugates linked via two linkers containing a disulfide bond that is sensitive to GSH were synthesized. Conjugate 34 can self-assemble into nanomicelles with a high concentration of Rha on the surface, allowing for better tumor targeting. After internalization by cancer cells, the disulfide bond can be cleaved in the presence of high levels of GSH to release active Epo B, thereby exhibiting significant anticancer efficiency and selectivity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Lilin Qian
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhao-Peng Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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5
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Gormand P, Pichette A, Legault J, Alsarraf J. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Monomethylated Betulinic Acid 3- O-α-l-Rhamnopyranosides. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36118-36125. [PMID: 37810724 PMCID: PMC10552092 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Three original derivatives of the cytotoxic betulinic acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside featuring a monomethylated rhamnoside residue were synthesized. An improved catalytic procedure was involved to functionalize the O-3 position of the monosaccharide in a site-selective fashion. The cytotoxicity of the novel compounds was evaluated in vitro to highlight the moderate impact of carbohydrate monomethylation on the biological activity of betulinic acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gormand
- Centre de recherche sur la
boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d’analyse et de séparation
des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, QC, Canada
| | - André Pichette
- Centre de recherche sur la
boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d’analyse et de séparation
des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Legault
- Centre de recherche sur la
boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d’analyse et de séparation
des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Alsarraf
- Centre de recherche sur la
boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d’analyse et de séparation
des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, QC, Canada
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6
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Tsepaeva OV, Salikhova TI, Ishkaeva RA, Kundina AV, Abdullin TI, Laikov AV, Tikhomirova MV, Idrisova LR, Nemtarev AV, Mironov VF. Bifunctionalized Betulinic Acid Conjugates with C-3-Monodesmoside and C-28-Triphenylphosphonium Moieties with Increased Cancer Cell Targetability. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1939-1949. [PMID: 37497692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A convenient synthesis is presented for a new class of bioactive bifunctionalized conjugates of lupane-type triterpenoids with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and glycopyranosyl targeting moieties. The main synthesis steps include glycosylation of haloalkyl esters of the triterpene acid at the C-3 position by the imidate derivatives of glycopyranose followed by the product modification at the C-28 position with triphenylphosphine. The conjugates of betulinic acid (BetA) with TPP and d-glucose, l-rhamnose, or d-mannose moieties were thus synthesized as potential next-generation BetA-derived anticancer compounds. LC-MS/MS analysis in glucose-free physiological solution indicated that the glycosides showed better accumulation in PC-3 prostate cancer cells than both BetA and TPP-BetA conjugate, while the transporting effect of monosaccharide residues increased as follows: d-mannose < l-rhamnose ≈ d-glucose. At saturated concentrations, the glycosides caused a disturbing effect on mitochondria with a more drastic drop in transmembrane potential but weaker overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to TPP-BetA conjugate. Cytotoxicity of the glycosides in culture medium was comparable with or higher than that of the nonglycosylated conjugate, depending on the cancer cell line, whereas the compounds were less active toward primary fibroblasts. Glycosylation tended to increase pro-apoptotic and decrease pro-autophagic activities of the BetA derivatives. Cytotoxicity of the synthesized glycosides was considered in comparison with the summarized data on the natural and modified BetA glycosides. The results obtained are important for the development of bifunctionalized conjugates of triterpenoids with an increased cancer cell targetability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Tsepaeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Taliya I Salikhova
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Rezeda A Ishkaeva
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra V Kundina
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Timur I Abdullin
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Laikov
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya V Tikhomirova
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Leysan R Idrisova
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Nemtarev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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Adepoju FO, Duru KC, Li E, Kovaleva EG, Tsurkan MV. Pharmacological Potential of Betulin as a Multitarget Compound. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1105. [PMID: 37509141 PMCID: PMC10377123 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin is a natural triterpene, usually from birch bark, known for its potential wound-healing properties. Despite having a wide range of pharmacological targets, no studies have proposed betulin as a multitarget compound. Betulin has protective effects against cardiovascular and liver diseases, cancer, diabetes, oxidative stress, and inflammation. It reduces postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, combats tumor cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting metastatic proteins, and modulates chronic inflammation by blocking the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via modulation of the NFκB and MAPKs pathways. Given its potential to influence diverse biological networks with high target specificity, it can be hypothesized that betulin may eventually become a new lead for drug development because it can modify a variety of pharmacological targets. The summarized research revealed that the diverse beneficial effects of betulin in various diseases can be attributed, at least in part, to its multitarget anti-inflammatory activity. This review focuses on the natural sources, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activity of betulin, and the multi-target effects of betulin on signaling pathways such as MAPK, NF-κB, and Nrf2, which are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisayo O Adepoju
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Kingsley C Duru
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8021, USA
| | - Erguang Li
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Elena G Kovaleva
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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8
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Lin J, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Ma Z, Zuo W, Zhu M. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Betulin Cycloolefin Derivatives by Ruthenium-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Metathesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:842-849. [PMID: 36857482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The combination of ring-closing metathesis with betulin enables the design and synthesis of novel biomolecules representing a library of triterpenoid derivatives for potential pharmacological research. In this work, cyclic olefin betulin derivatives were attempted to be prepared by the combination of ring-closing metathesis with betulin. Dicyclohexyl carbodiimide coupling reaction allowed the transformation of betulin into two types of linear olefin derivatives that have different methylene spacer lengths between the olefin and ester groups. Subsequently, betulin-based cycloolefins were synthesized by ring-closing metathesis using Grubbs first-generation catalyst. The influence of different parameters including solvents, temperature, catalysts, and catalyst loading on ring-closing metathesis was investigated. Cytotoxicity results indicated that these betulin-based olefin derivatives, derived from renewable bioresources, have potential applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zihao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
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9
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Kaur P, Arora S, Singh R. Isolation, characterization and biological activities of betulin from Acacia nilotica bark. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9370. [PMID: 35672366 PMCID: PMC9174266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are in use of humankind since ancient and still they are playing an important role in effective and safer natural drug delivery systems. Acacia nilotica (native of Egypt) commonly known as babul belongs to family Fabaceae, widely spread in India, Sri Lanka and Sudan. Being a common and important plant, using in many ways from fodder (shoots and leaves to animals) to dyeing (leather coloration) to medicine (root, bark, leaves, flower, gum, pods). The present study is focused on investigating the natural chemistry and important biological activities of the plant. Employing bioassay guided fractionation coupled with TLC and column chromatography, a pure fraction named AN-10 was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of crude methanol extract which identified as "Betulin (Lupan-3ß,28-diol)" by Liebermann-Burchard test and structure elucidation by UV-Vis, NMR and MS techniques. A battery of in vitro biological assays for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer were performed and betulin showed excellent potential in all assays. It was found that the inhibitory potential in all assays were dose dependent manner and after a range of concentration, the activities get leveled off with no further increase in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjit Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.,Medicinal Plant Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India. .,Medicinal Plant Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.
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10
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Hribernik N, Chiodo F, Pieters R, Bernardi A. Rhamnose-based glycomimetic for recruitment of endogenous anti-rhamnose antibodies. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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Abstract
Saponins, as secondary metabolites in terrestrial plants and marine invertebrate, constitute one of the largest families of natural products. The long history of folk medicinal applications of saponins makes them attractive candidates for innovative drug design and development. Chemical synthesis has become a practical alternative to the availability of the natural saponins and their modified analogs, so as to facilitate SAR studies and the discovery of optimal structures for clinical applications. The recent achievements in the synthesis of these complex saponins reflect the advancements of both steroid/triterpene chemistry and carbohydrate chemistry. This chapter provides an updated review on the chemical synthesis of natural saponins, covering the literature from 2014 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Król SK, Bębenek E, Dmoszyńska-Graniczka M, Sławińska-Brych A, Boryczka S, Stepulak A. Acetylenic Synthetic Betulin Derivatives Inhibit Akt and Erk Kinases Activity, Trigger Apoptosis and Suppress Proliferation of Neuroblastoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12299. [PMID: 34830180 PMCID: PMC8624615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumors, still represent an important clinical challenge since no effective treatment is available for metastatic and recurrent disease. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new chemotherapeutics to improve the outcome of patients. Betulin (Bet), a triterpenoid from the bark of birches, demonstrated interesting anti-cancer potential. The modification of natural phytochemicals with evidenced anti-tumor activity, including Bet, is one of the methods of receiving new compounds for potential implementation in oncological treatment. Here, we showed that two acetylenic synthetic Bet derivatives (ASBDs), EB5 and EB25/1, reduced the viability and proliferation of SK-N-AS and TE671 cells, as measured by MTT and BrdU tests, respectively. Moreover, ASBDs were also more cytotoxic than temozolomide (TMZ) and cisplatin (cis-diaminedichloroplatinum [II], CDDP) in vitro, and the combination of EB5 with CDDP enhanced anti-cancer effects. We also showed the slowdown of cell cycle progression at S/G2 phases mediated by EB5 using FACS flow cytometry. The decreased viability and proliferation of pediatric cancers cells after treatment with ASBDs was linked to the reduced activity of kinases Akt, Erk1/2 and p38 and the induction of apoptosis, as investigated using Western blotting and FACS. In addition, in silico analyses of the ADMET profile found EB5 to be a promising anti-cancer drug candidate that would benefit from further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia K. Król
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Magdalena Dmoszyńska-Graniczka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrianna Sławińska-Brych
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
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Zhao Z, Nian M, Qiao H, Li B, Zheng X. Pulsatilla chinensis: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology research progress. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Cloutier M, Prévost MJ, Lavoie S, Feroldi T, Piochon M, Groleau MC, Legault J, Villaume S, Crouzet J, Dorey S, Dìaz De Rienzo MA, Déziel E, Gauthier C. Total synthesis, isolation, surfactant properties, and biological evaluation of ananatosides and related macrodilactone-containing rhamnolipids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7533-7546. [PMID: 34163844 PMCID: PMC8171317 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01146d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are a specific class of microbial surfactants, which hold great biotechnological and therapeutic potential. However, their exploitation at the industrial level is hampered because they are mainly produced by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The non-human pathogenic bacterium Pantoea ananatis is an alternative producer of rhamnolipid-like metabolites containing glucose instead of rhamnose residues. Herein, we present the isolation, structural characterization, and total synthesis of ananatoside A, a 15-membered macrodilactone-containing glucolipid, and ananatoside B, its open-chain congener, from organic extracts of P. ananatis. Ananatoside A was synthesized through three alternative pathways involving either an intramolecular glycosylation, a chemical macrolactonization or a direct enzymatic transformation from ananatoside B. A series of diasteroisomerically pure (1→2), (1→3), and (1→4)-macrolactonized rhamnolipids were also synthesized through intramolecular glycosylation and their anomeric configurations as well as ring conformations were solved using molecular modeling in tandem with NMR studies. We show that ananatoside B is a more potent surfactant than its macrolide counterpart. We present evidence that macrolactonization of rhamnolipids enhances their cytotoxic and hemolytic potential, pointing towards a mechanism involving the formation of pores into the lipidic cell membrane. Lastly, we demonstrate that ananatoside A and ananatoside B as well as synthetic macrolactonized rhamnolipids can be perceived by the plant immune system, and that this sensing is more pronounced for a macrolide featuring a rhamnose moiety in its native 1 C 4 conformation. Altogether our results suggest that macrolactonization of glycolipids can dramatically interfere with their surfactant properties and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Cloutier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval (Québec) H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Marie-Joëlle Prévost
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval (Québec) H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Serge Lavoie
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi 555, Boulevard de l'Université Chicoutimi (Québec) G7H 2B1 Canada
| | - Thomas Feroldi
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi 555, Boulevard de l'Université Chicoutimi (Québec) G7H 2B1 Canada
| | - Marianne Piochon
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval (Québec) H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Groleau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval (Québec) H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Jean Legault
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE), Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi 555, Boulevard de l'Université Chicoutimi (Québec) G7H 2B1 Canada
| | - Sandra Villaume
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, USC RIBP 1488, SFR Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417 51100 Reims France
| | - Jérôme Crouzet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, USC RIBP 1488, SFR Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417 51100 Reims France
| | - Stéphan Dorey
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, USC RIBP 1488, SFR Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417 51100 Reims France
| | - Mayri Alejandra Dìaz De Rienzo
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval (Québec) H7V 1B7 Canada
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University L3 3AF Liverpool UK
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval (Québec) H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval (Québec) H7V 1B7 Canada
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Muru K, Gauthier C. Glycosylation and Protecting Group Strategies Towards the Synthesis of Saponins and Bacterial Oligosaccharides: A Personal Account. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2990-3004. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Muru
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) 531, boulevard des Prairies Laval Québec Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) 531, boulevard des Prairies Laval Québec Canada H7V 1B7
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Anticancer Activity of the Acetylenic Derivative of Betulin Phosphate Involves Induction of Necrotic-Like Death in Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030615. [PMID: 33503929 PMCID: PMC7865664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin (BT) is a natural pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene exhibiting anticancer activity. Betulin derivatives bearing propynoyloxy and phosphate groups were prepared in an effort to improve the availability and efficacy of the drug. In this study, a comparative assessment of the in vitro anticancer activity of betulin and its four derivatives was carried out using two human breast cancer cell lines: SK-BR-3 and MCF-7. In both studied cell lines, 30-diethoxyphosphoryl-28-propynoylbetulin (compound 4) turned out to be the most powerful inhibitor of growth and inducer of cellular death. Detailed examination of that derivative pertained to the mechanisms underlying its anticancer action. Treatment with compound 4 decreased DNA synthesis and up-regulated p21WAF1/Cip1 mRNA and protein levels in both cell lines. On the other hand, that derivative caused a significant increase in cell death, as evidenced by increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and ethidium homodimer uptake. Shortly after the compound addition, an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected. The activation of caspase-3 and fragmentation of genomic DNA suggested an apoptotic type of cell death. However, analysis of cellular morphology did not reveal any nuclear features typical of apoptosis. Despite necrosis-like morphology, dead cells exhibited activation of the cascade of caspases. These observations have led to the conclusion that compound 4 pushed cells to undergo a form of necrotic-like regulated cell demise.
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18
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Pakulski Z, Cmoch P, Korda A, Luboradzki R, Gwardiak K, Karczewski R. Rearrangements of the Betulin Core. Synthesis of Terpenoids Possessing the Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Fragment by Rearrangement of Lupane-Type Epoxides. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1084-1095. [PMID: 33353300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The rearrangements of dihydrobetulin, dihydrobetulinic acid, and abeo-lupane epoxides under acidic conditions (HCl, montmorillonite K10, and BF3·Et2O) were studied. The treatment of dihydrobetulin with HCl or K10 produced abeo-lupane olefins. Their epoxidation afforded epoxides, which, in the presence of protic or Lewis acids, rearranged to dienes or lupanes bearing a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane fragment. The structure of final products depended on the nature of the catalyst. The HCl promoted 1,4-elimination of water, whereas in the presence of BF3·Et2O bond migration took place preferentially. Montmorillonite K10 favored cyclization to bicyclononane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Pakulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Korda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Luboradzki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gwardiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Romuald Karczewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Dubinin MV, Semenova AA, Ilzorkina AI, Mikheeva IB, Yashin VA, Penkov NV, Vydrina VA, Ishmuratov GY, Sharapov VA, Khoroshavina EI, Gudkov SV, Belosludtsev KN. Effect of betulin and betulonic acid on isolated rat liver mitochondria and liposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183383. [PMID: 32522531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The paper considers the effects of plant triterpenoid betulin and its derivative betulonic acid on rat liver mitochondria and liposomes. It was found that betulonic acid and, to a lesser extent, betulin, activate mitochondrial respiration in states 2 and 4 and inhibit ADP- and DNP-stimulated (uncoupled) respiration. The effect of betulonic acid resulted in a significant decrease of the respiratory control and ADP/O ratios and decrease in Δψ. The effects of both compounds were most pronounced in the case of succinate-fueled mitochondrial respiration. This may include both the possible protonophore effect of betulonic acid and the inhibition of respiratory chain complexes by both compounds. Both agents enhanced H2O2 production in succinate-fueled mitochondria, while betulonic acid exerted an antioxidant effect with NAD-dependent substrates. Betulin was found to induce mitochondrial aggregation, but had no effect on membrane permeability. A similar pattern was found on liposomes. As revealed by the laurdan generalized polarization (GP) technique, betulin increased laurdan GP in lecithin liposomes, indicating a decrease in membrane fluidity. Measurements of GP as a function of fluorescence excitation wavelength gave an ascending line for high concentrations of betulin, which can be interpreted as phase heterogeneity of the lipid/betulin system. High concentrations of betulin (> 60 mol%) was also demonstrated to cause permeabilization of lecithin liposomes. Betulonic acid was much less effective in inducing the aggregation of mitochondria and liposomes and had no effect on membrane permeability. The possible mechanisms of betulin and betulonic acid effect on rat liver mitochondria and liposomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Dubinin
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia.
| | - Alena A Semenova
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Anna I Ilzorkina
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Irina B Mikheeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Valery A Yashin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Nikita V Penkov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Valentina A Vydrina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Oktyabrya 71, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450054, Russia
| | - Gumer Yu Ishmuratov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Oktyabrya 71, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450054, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Konstantin N Belosludtsev
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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20
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Korda A, Rárová L, Pakulski Z, Strnad M, Oklešťková J, Kuczynska K, Cmoch P, Gwardiak K, Karczewski R. New lupane bidesmosides exhibiting strong cytotoxic activities in vitro. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103868. [PMID: 32388425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triterpene bidesmosides are considered as highly cytotoxic saponins, usually less toxic against normal cells than monodesmosides, and less haemolytic. Biological activity of the betulin-type bidesmosides, rarely found in Nature, and seldom prepared due to serious synthetic problems, is poorly recognized. We report herein a protocol for the preparation of disubstituted lupane saponins (betulin bidesmosides) by treatment of their benzoates with potassium carbonate in dichloromethane / methanol solution. Cytotoxicity of all compounds was tested in vitro for a series of cancer cell lines, as well as normal human skin BJ fibroblasts. Presence of l-rhamnose moiety is crucial for cytotoxicity of betulin bidesmosides. On the other hand, l-arabinose fragment connected to lupane C-3 carbon atom significantly decreases activity. Presented results clearly show that betulin bidesmosides have significant clinical potential as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Korda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zbigniew Pakulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Oklešťková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kinga Kuczynska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gwardiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Romuald Karczewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Mizerska-Kowalska M, Sławińska-Brych A, Kaławaj K, Żurek A, Pawińska B, Rzeski W, Zdzisińska B. Betulin Promotes Differentiation of Human Osteoblasts In Vitro and Exerts an Osteoinductive Effect on the hFOB 1.19 Cell Line Through Activation of JNK, ERK1/2, and mTOR Kinases. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142637. [PMID: 31331121 PMCID: PMC6680433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although betulin (BET), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene, has a variety of biological activities, its osteogenic potential has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of BET on differentiation of human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 cells) in vitro in osteogenic (with ascorbic acid as an osteogenic supplement) and osteoinductive (without an additional osteogenic supplement) conditions. Osteoblast differentiation was evaluated based on the mRNA expression (RT-qPCR) of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen-α1 (COL1A1), and osteopontin (OPN). Additionally, ALP activity and production of COL1A1 (western blot analysis) and OPN (ELISA) were evaluated. The level of mineralization (calcium accumulation) was determined with Alizarin red S staining. BET upregulated the mRNA level of RUNX2 and the expression of other osteoblast differentiation markers in both cell lines (except the influence of BET on ALP expression/activity in the Saos-2 cells). Moreover, it increased mineralization in both cell lines in the osteogenic conditions. BET also increased the mRNA level of osteoblast differentiation markers in both cell lines (except for ALP in the Saos-2 cells) in the osteoinductive conditions, which was accompanied with increased matrix mineralization. The osteoinductive activity of BET in the hFOB 1.19 cells was probably mediated via activation of MAPKs (JNK and ERK1/2) and mTOR, as the specific inhibitors of these kinases abolished the BET-induced osteoblast differentiation. Our results suggest that BET has the potential to enhance osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Kaławaj
- Department of Virology and Immunology; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Żurek
- Department of Virology and Immunology; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Beata Pawińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- Department of Virology and Immunology; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin 20-090, Poland
| | - Barbara Zdzisińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland.
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Sylla B, Lavoie S, Legault J, Gauthier C, Pichette A. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of rhamnose-containing ursolic and betulinic acid saponins. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39743-39757. [PMID: 35541393 PMCID: PMC9076072 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09389c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid and ursolic acid are ubiquitous, naturally-occurring triterpenoids exhibiting various pharmacological activities including cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, these triterpenoids display unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties as well as low aqueous solubility. It has been shown that the presence of α-l-rhamnose moieties positively modulates the anticancer activity of secondary metabolites. Herein we report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of a series of rhamnose-containing ursolic and betulinic acid saponins. Relying on Schmidt's normal and inverse procedures, monorhamnosides, (1→4)-linked dirhamnosides as well as branched trirhamnosides and tetrarhamnosides were synthesized in high yields with full control of stereoselectivity. A betulinic acid saponin bearing a 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl residue was found to be a potent cytotoxic agent against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells without damaging the healthy cells (selectivity ratio > 20) whereas rhamnose-containing ursolic acid saponins potently inhibited NO overproduction induced by LPS-stimulated macrophages. Our results reveal that rhamnose-containing ursolic and betulinic acid saponins represent promising therapeutic agents. Rhamnose-containing saponins featuring betulinic and ursolic acid as aglycones were synthesized using both Schmidt's normal and inverse procedures. Some of these synthetic saponins exhibited selective cytotoxic and/or anti-inflammatory activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Balla Sylla
- Centre de Recherche sur La Boréalie (CREB)
- Chaire de Recherche sur Les Agents Anticancéreux D'origine Naturelle
- Laboratoire LASEVE
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
| | - Serge Lavoie
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée
- Université du Québec en Outaouais
- Canada
| | - Jean Legault
- Centre de Recherche sur La Boréalie (CREB)
- Chaire de Recherche sur Les Agents Anticancéreux D'origine Naturelle
- Laboratoire LASEVE
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Centre de Recherche sur La Boréalie (CREB)
- Chaire de Recherche sur Les Agents Anticancéreux D'origine Naturelle
- Laboratoire LASEVE
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
| | - André Pichette
- Centre de Recherche sur La Boréalie (CREB)
- Chaire de Recherche sur Les Agents Anticancéreux D'origine Naturelle
- Laboratoire LASEVE
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
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24
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Toxicity of lupane derivatives on anionic membrane models, isolated rat mitochondria and selected human cell lines: Role of terminal alkyl chains. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:198-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Synthesis of bidesmosidic lupane saponins – comparison of batch and continuous-flow methodologies. Carbohydr Res 2018; 461:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bidesmosidic betulin saponin bearing L-rhamnopyranoside moieties induces apoptosis and inhibition of lung cancer cells growth in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538422 PMCID: PMC5851596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulin has a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties with its anticancer activity attracting most of the attention as it offers a possible alternative treatment to chemotherapy. However, betulin’s in vivo biological effectiveness is limited by its poor solubility. As such, we synthesized polar glycosylated derivatives to increase its hydrosolubility and enhance its pharmacological properties. Among these synthesized compounds, 28-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosylbetulin 3β-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (Bi-L-RhamBet) was assessed for its cytotoxic effects against a suite of lung cancer cell lines. We also investigated its mechanism of action using an A549 lung cancer cell line. Our results showed that Bi-L-RhamBet exhibited potent cytotoxic activity toward lung cancer cell lines including A549, NCI-H2087, NCI-H522, NCI-H1993 NCI-H1755, and LLC1 having IC50 values ranging from 2.9 to 5.9 μM. Moreover, Bi-L-RhamBet (50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth with a treatment-to-control ratio (T/C) of 0.54 and a tumor growth inhibition rate of 46% at day 18 (p < 0.05). Microscopic observations of A549 cells, double stained with acridine orange and ethidium bromide, showed apoptotic features. Bi-L-RhamBet induced activation of pro-apoptotic caspases 8, 9, and 3/7 as well as causing DNA fragmentation. Moreover, a marked increase in mitochondrial ROS (mROS) was coupled with a reduction of mitochondrial potential. Interestingly, the presence of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors, including rotenone, malonate, and antimycin A, reduced mROS production, and the activation of caspases suggesting that Bi-L-RhamBet disturbs the ETC. Finally, dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor potentiated the cytotoxicity of Bi-L-RhamBet against A549 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Bi-L-RhamBet can induce apoptotic cell death via disturbance of mitochondrial electron transfer chain, reduced ROS production, and decreased membrane potential.
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Triterpenic azines, a new class of compounds with selective cytotoxicity to leukemia cells CCRF-CEM. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:483-491. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: From betulinic acid (1a), we synthesized 30-oxobetulinic acid (2a) that is highly cytotoxic against many cancer cell lines; however, its generic toxicity is the main obstacle in further development as cytostatic. Methodology & results: From 2a, we prepared a new class of compounds – nonsymmetrical azines and tested their in vitro cytotoxicity. All new azines with a free 28-COOH group (4a–4e) were highly and selectively cytotoxic against the T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM and exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and other cell-cycle alterations, including the M-phase block. Conclusion: The potential use of azines (4a–4e) in drug development focused on hematological cancers is significantly higher than that of previously studied acids 1a and 2a.
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Singh G, Dhar YV, Asif MH, Misra P. Exploring the functional significance of sterol glycosyltransferase enzymes. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 69:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li W, Yu B. Gold-catalyzed glycosylation in the synthesis of complex carbohydrate-containing natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7954-7984. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00209f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold(i)- and gold(iii)-catalyzed glycosylation reactions and their application in the synthesis of natural glycoconjugates are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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30
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Zhuo ZJ, Xiao MJ, Lin HR, Luo J, Wang T. Novel betulin derivative induces anti-proliferative activity by G 2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Huh7 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2097-2104. [PMID: 29434911 PMCID: PMC5776954 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin (BT) has been identified to exhibit potential benefits for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results of the present study demonstrated that a new semisynthetic derivative of BT, 3,28-di-(2-nitroxy-acetyl)-oxy-BT, may effectively decrease the viability of Huh7 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that 3,28-di-(2-nitroxy-acetyl)-oxy-BT inhibited the transition between G2 and M phase of the cell cycle by regulating cell cycle regulatory proteins. Additional study revealed that 3,28-di-(2-nitroxy-acetyl)-oxy-BT may trigger Huh7 cells to undergo caspase-dependent apoptosis as an increased proportion of cells were identified in the sub-G1 phase, which may be a result of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and caspase activation. Furthermore, 3,28-di-(2-nitroxy-acetyl)-oxy-BT-induced apoptosis was mitochondrion-mediated. The results of the present study demonstrated that Bcl-2-associated X protein translocated to the mitochondria from the cytosol following 3,28-di-(2-nitroxy-acetyl)-oxy-BT treatment. Notably, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway was involved in 3,28-di-(2-nitroxy-acetyl)-oxy-BT-treated Huh7 cells. Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrated that 3,28-di-(2-nitroxy-acetyl)-oxy-BT may inhibit HCC, which may be a possible application to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Jian Zhuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Min-Jie Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ran Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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31
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Anh DTT, Giang LNT, Hien NT, Cuc DT, Thanh NH, Ha NTT, Chinh PT, Van Tuyen N, Van Kiem P. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Betulin–Triazole–AZT Hybrids. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin was converted to the corresponding alkyne-functionalized esters and amides and subsequently deployed as substrates for a ‘click’ chemistry-mediated coupling with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythydimine (AZT) to furnish a novel betulin–triazole–AZT hybrid compounds. Eleven new hybrids were thus successfully prepared and evaluated as cytotoxic agents, revealing an interesting anticancer activity in KB and HepG2 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Thi Tuyet Anh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Nhat Thuy Giang
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hien
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Thi Cuc
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ha Thanh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Ha
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham The Chinh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Tuyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAS, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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32
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Eignerova B, Tichy M, Krasulova J, Kvasnica M, Rarova L, Christova R, Urban M, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Hajduch M, Sarek J. Synthesis and antiproliferative properties of new hydrophilic esters of triterpenic acids. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:403-420. [PMID: 28987603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To improve the properties of cytotoxic triterpenoid acids 1-5, a large set of hydrophilic esters was synthesized. We choose betulinic acid (1), dihydrobetulinic acid (2), 21-oxoacid 3 along with highly active des-E lupane acids 4 and 5 as a model set of compounds for esterification of which the properties needed to be improved. As ester moieties were used - methoxyethanol and 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol and glycolic unit (type a-d), pyrrolidinoethanol, piperidinoethanol and morpholinoethanol (type f-h), and monosaccharide groups (type i-l). As a result, 56 triterpenic esters (49 new compounds) were obtained and their cytotoxicity on four cancer cell lines and normal human fibroblasts was tested. All new compounds were fully soluble at all tested concentrations, which used to be a problem of the parent compounds 1 and 2. 16 compounds had IC50 < 10 μM on at least one cancer cell line, 12 compounds had cytotoxicity of <10 μM against at least three of four tested cancer cell lines. The highest activity was found for compound 3c (1.8 μM on MCF7, 2.8 μM on HeLa, and 1.6 μM on G-361 cells) which also had no toxicity on non-cancerous BJ fibroblasts at the highest tested concentration (50 μM). High selective cytotoxicity was also found in compounds 1k, 2k, 3c, and 3i that are ideal candidates for drug development. Therefore, more studies to identify the mechanism of action were performed in case of 1k, 3c, and 3g such as effects on cell cycle and apoptosis. It was found that compounds 3c and 3g can induce apoptosis via caspase-3 activation and modulation of protein Bcl-2 in G-361 cells. In conclusion, compounds 1k, 3c, and 3g show high and selective cytotoxicity, therefore they are significantly better candidates for anti-cancer drug development than the parent acids 1-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Eignerova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krasulova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rarova
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Christova
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Science, Grunvaldzka Str. No. 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sarek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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33
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Korda A, Pakulski Z, Cmoch P, Gwardiak K, Karczewski R. Sugar migration induced by the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of 28- O -glycosyl-betulin derivatives. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Sidova V, Zoufaly P, Pokorny J, Dzubak P, Hajduch M, Popa I, Urban M. Cytotoxic conjugates of betulinic acid and substituted triazoles prepared by Huisgen Cycloaddition from 30-azidoderivatives. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171621. [PMID: 28158265 PMCID: PMC5291411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe synthesis of conjugates of betulinic acid with substituted triazoles prepared via Huisgen 1,3-cycloaddition. All compounds contain free 28-COOH group. Allylic bromination of protected betulinic acid by NBS gave corresponding 30-bromoderivatives, their substitution with sodium azides produced 30-azidoderivatives and these azides were subjected to CuI catalysed Huisgen 1,3-cycloaddition to give the final conjugates. Reactions had moderate to high yields. All new compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxic activities on eight cancer and two non-cancer cell lines. The most active compounds were conjugates of 3β-O-acetylbetulinic acid and among them, conjugate with triazole substituted by benzaldehyde 9b was the best with IC50 of 3.3 μM and therapeutic index of 9.1. Five compounds in this study had IC50 below 10 μM and inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis and caused block in G0/G1 cell cycle phase which is highly similar to actinomycin D. It is unusual that here prepared 3β-O-acetates were more active than compounds with the free 3-OH group and this suggests that this set may have common mechanism of action that is different from the mechanism of action of previously known 3β-O-acetoxybetulinic acid derivatives. Benzaldehyde type conjugate 9b is the best candidate for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sidova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Zoufaly
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pokorny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Popa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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35
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Jonnalagadda S, Suman P, Morgan D, Seay J. Recent Developments on the Synthesis and Applications of Betulin and Betulinic Acid Derivatives as Therapeutic Agents. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63930-1.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Yang D, Gong N, Zhang L, Lu Y. Isostructurality Among 5 Solvatomorphs of Betulin: X-Ray Structure and Characterization. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1867-1873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kuczynska K, Cmoch P, Rárová L, Oklešťková J, Korda A, Pakulski Z, Strnad M. Influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds on regioselectivity of glycosylation. Synthesis of lupane-type saponins bearing the OSW-1 saponin disaccharide unit and its isomers. Carbohydr Res 2016; 423:49-69. [PMID: 26878488 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of lupane-type saponins bearing OSW-1 disaccharide unit as well as its regio- and stereoisomers were prepared and used for the structure-activity relationships (SAR) study. Unexpected preference for 1→4-linked regioisomers and an unusual inversion of the conformation of the sugar rings were noted. Cytotoxic activity of new lupane compounds was evaluated in vitro and revealed that some saponins exhibited an interesting bioactivity profile against human cancer cell lines. Influence of the protecting groups on the cytotoxicity was investigated. These results open the way to the synthesis of various lupane-type triterpene and saponin derivatives as potential anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kuczynska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklešťková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Korda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Pakulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Yadav R, Kumar D, Kumari A, Yadav SK. PLA nanovectors with encapsulated betulin: plant leaf extract-synthesized nanovectors are more efficacious than PVA-synthesized nanovectors. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:259-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang SJ, Liu MC, Xiang HM, Zhao Q, Xue W, Yang S. Synthesis and in vitro antitumor evaluation of betulin acid ester derivatives as novel apoptosis inducers. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:249-55. [PMID: 26280921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nineteen betulin derivatives modified at the C-3 and C-28 positions were synthesized and assessed for antitumor activities against the MGC-803, PC3, Bcap-37, A375, and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines in vitro by MTT assay. Some derivatives (compounds 3a-3d and 5) displayed strong antitumor properties, with IC50 values between 4 and 18 μM. Compound 3c, containing piperidine group at C-28 position, had IC50 values of 4.3, 4.5, 5.2, 7.5, and 5.2 μM on the five cancer cell lines, respectively. Subsequent fluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis indicated that compound 3c induced apoptosis in MGC-803 cell line, with an apoptosis ratio of 31.11% after 36 h of treatment at 10 μM 3c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Hangzhou 311100, PR China
| | - Ming-Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Hangzhou 311100, PR China
| | - Hong-Mei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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41
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Xi FM, Li CT, Han J, Yu SS, Wu ZJ, Chen WS. Thiophenes, polyacetylenes and terpenes from the aerial parts of Eclipata prostrate. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 22:6515-22. [PMID: 25443644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One new bithiophenes, 5-(but-3-yne-1,2-diol)-50-hydroxy-methyl-2,20-bithiophene (2), two new polyacetylenic glucosides, 3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1-hydroxy-4E,6E-tetradecene-8,10,12-triyne (8), (5E)-trideca-1,5-dien-7,9,11-triyne-3,4-diol-4-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (9), six new terpenoid glycosides, rel-(1S,2S,3S,4R,6R)-1,6-epoxy-menthane-2,3-diol-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (10), rel-(1S,2S,3S,4R,6R)-3-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,6-epoxy menthane-2,3-diol (11), (2E,6E)-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,11-dodecatriene-1,10-diol-1-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (12), 3b,16b,29-trihydroxy oleanane-12-ene-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (13), 3,28-di-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-3b,16b-dihydroxy oleanane-12-ene-28-oleanlic acid (14), 3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?2)-b-D-glucopyranosyl oleanlic-18-ene acid-28-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (15), along with fifteen known compounds (1, 3–7, and 16–24), were isolated from the aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata. Their structures were established by analysis of the spectroscopic data. The isolated compounds 1–9 were tested for activities against dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), compound 7 showed significant antihyperglycemic activities by inhibitory effects on DPP-IV in human plasma in vitro, with IC50 value of 0.51 lM. Compounds 10–24 were tested in vitro against NF-jB-luc 293 cell line induced by LPS. Compounds 12, 15, 16, 19, 21, and 23 exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activities.
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Majeed R, Hussain A, Sangwan PL, Chinthakindi PK, Khan I, Sharma PR, Koul S, Saxena AK, Hamid A. PI3K target based novel cyano derivative of betulinic acid induces its signalling inhibition by down-regulation of pGSK3β and cyclin D1 and potentially checks cancer cell proliferation. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:964-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabiya Majeed
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Aashiq Hussain
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Payare L. Sangwan
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; Govt. of India; New Delhi India
| | - Praveen K. Chinthakindi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Imran Khan
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Parduman R. Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Surrinder Koul
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Ajit K. Saxena
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Abid Hamid
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; Govt. of India; New Delhi India
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Król SK, Kiełbus M, Rivero-Müller A, Stepulak A. Comprehensive review on betulin as a potent anticancer agent. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:584189. [PMID: 25866796 PMCID: PMC4383233 DOI: 10.1155/2015/584189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Numerous plant-derived substances, and their derivatives, are effective antitumour and chemopreventive agents. Yet, there are also a plethora of tumour types that do not respond, or become resistant, to these natural substances. This requires the discovery of new active compounds. Betulin (BE) is a pentacyclic triterpene and secondary metabolite of plants abundantly found in the outer bark of the birch tree Betulaceae sp. BE displays a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological properties, among which the anticancer and chemopreventive activity attract most of the attention. In this vein, BE and its natural and synthetic derivatives act specifically on cancer cells with low cytotoxicity towards normal cells. Although the antineoplastic mechanism of action of BE is not well understood yet, several interesting aspects of BE's interactions are coming to light. This review will summarize the anticancer and chemopreventive potential of BE in vitro and in vivo by carefully dissecting and comparing the doses and tumour lines used in previous studies, as well as focusing on mechanisms underlying its activity at cellular and molecular level, and discuss future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Katarzyna Król
- The Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Kiełbus
- The Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- The Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- The Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Otolaryngology, MSW Hospital, 20-331 Lublin, Poland
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Chudzik M, Korzonek-Szlacheta I, Król W. Triterpenes as potentially cytotoxic compounds. Molecules 2015; 20:1610-25. [PMID: 25608043 PMCID: PMC6272502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenes are compounds of natural origin, which have numerously biological activities: anti-cancer properties, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal. These substances can be isolated from plants, animals or fungi. Nowadays, when neoplasms are main cause of death, triterpenes can become an alternative method for treating cancer because of their cytotoxic properties and chemopreventive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Chudzik
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, Zabrze 41-808, Poland.
| | - Ilona Korzonek-Szlacheta
- Department of Nutrition-Associated Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Piekarska 18, Bytom 41-902, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Król
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, Zabrze 41-808, Poland.
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Govdi AI, Sokolova NV, Sorokina IV, Baev DS, Tolstikova TG, Mamatyuk VI, Fadeev DS, Vasilevsky SF, Nenajdenko VG. Synthesis of new betulinic acid–peptide conjugates and in vivo and in silico studies of the influence of peptide moieties on the triterpenoid core activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid–peptide conjugates exhibit high anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya I. Govdi
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
| | | | - Irina V. Sorokina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Baev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
| | - Tatyana G. Tolstikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
| | - Victor I. Mamatyuk
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Fadeev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
| | - Sergey F. Vasilevsky
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
| | - Valentine G. Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry
- Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
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Moses T, Papadopoulou KK, Osbourn A. Metabolic and functional diversity of saponins, biosynthetic intermediates and semi-synthetic derivatives. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 49:439-62. [PMID: 25286183 PMCID: PMC4266039 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.953628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are widely distributed plant natural products with vast structural and functional diversity. They are typically composed of a hydrophobic aglycone, which is extensively decorated with functional groups prior to the addition of hydrophilic sugar moieties, to result in surface-active amphipathic compounds. The saponins are broadly classified as triterpenoids, steroids or steroidal glycoalkaloids, based on the aglycone structure from which they are derived. The saponins and their biosynthetic intermediates display a variety of biological activities of interest to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food sectors. Although their relevance in industrial applications has long been recognized, their role in plants is underexplored. Recent research on modulating native pathway flux in saponin biosynthesis has demonstrated the roles of saponins and their biosynthetic intermediates in plant growth and development. Here, we review the literature on the effects of these molecules on plant physiology, which collectively implicate them in plant primary processes. The industrial uses and potential of saponins are discussed with respect to structure and activity, highlighting the undoubted value of these molecules as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Moses
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes CentreColney Lane, NorwichUK
| | | | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes CentreColney Lane, NorwichUK
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Majeed R, Hamid A, Sangwan PL, Chinthakindi PK, Koul S, Rayees S, Singh G, Mondhe DM, Mintoo MJ, Singh SK, Rath SK, Saxena AK. Inhibition of phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase pathway by a novel naphthol derivative of betulinic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells of different origin. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1459. [PMID: 25299784 PMCID: PMC4237233 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product reported to inhibit cell growth in a variety of cancers. However, the further clinical development of BA got hampered because of poor solubility and pharmacological properties. Interestingly, this molecule offer several hotspots for structural modifications in order to address its associated issues. In our endeavor, we selected C-3 position for the desirable chemical modification in order to improve its cytotoxic and pharmacological potential and prepared a library of different triazoline derivatives of BA. Among them, we previously reported the identification of a potential molecule, that is, 3{1N(5-hydroxy-naphth-1yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4yl}methyloxy betulinic acid (HBA) with significant inhibition of cancer cell growth and their properties. In the present study, we have shown for the first time that HBA decreased the expression of phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) p110α and p85α and caused significant downregulation of pAKT and of NFκB using human leukemia and breast cancer cells as in vitro models. Further it was revealed that PI3K inhibition by HBA induced cell cycle arrest via effects on different cell cycle regulatory proteins that include CDKis cyclins and pGSK3β. Also, this target-specific inhibition was associated with mitochondrial apoptosis as was reflected by the increased expression of mitochondrial bax, downregulated bcl2 and decreased mitochondrial levels of cytochrome c, together with reactive oxygen species generation and decline in mitochondrial membrane potential. The apoptotic effectors such as caspase 8, caspase 9 and caspase 3 were found to be upregulated besides DNA repair-associated enzyme, that is, PARP cleavage caused cancer cell death. Pharmacodynamic evaluation revealed that both HBA and BA were safe upto the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight and with acceptable pharmacodynamic parameters. The in vitro data corroborated with in vivo anticancer activity wherein Ehrlich solid tumor showed that HBA as a more potent agent than BA without any body weight loss and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Majeed
- 1] Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India [2] Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - A Hamid
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - P L Sangwan
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - P K Chinthakindi
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Koul
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Rayees
- PK-PD Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - G Singh
- PK-PD Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - D M Mondhe
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - M J Mintoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S K Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S K Rath
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - A K Saxena
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
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Elucidation of the pharmacophore of echinocystic acid, a new lead for blocking HCV entry. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:160-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Cytotoxic betulin-derived hydroxypropargylamines trigger apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:425-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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