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Cao R, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Zhang K, Liu W, Feng F, Qu W. Advanced researches of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of medical Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117848. [PMID: 38336181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medical Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis consists of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, Uncaria macrophylla Wall, Uncaria sinensis (Oliv.) Havil, Uncaria hirsuta Havil, and Uncaria sessilifructus Roxb, which belongs to the species widely used in the genus Uncaria. These species resource widely distributed in China and abroad, and the hook-bearing stem is the primary constituent enrichment site. There are many different forms and architectures of chemicals, depending on the extraction site. Traditional remedies employing URCU had been used widely in antiquity and were first compiled in renowned ancient masterpiece 'Mingyi Bielu ()' written by Hongjing Tao. In modern pharmacological studies, both the total extracts and the phytoconstituents isolated from URCU have been shown to have neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and autophagy-enhancer properties. AIM OF THE STUDY This review concentrates on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and nanomaterials studies of URCU, with a perspective to assist with further research and advance. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Chinese and English literature studies of this review are based on these database searches including Science Direct, CNKI, Wiley online library, Spring Link, Web of Science, PubMed, Medalink, Google scholar, Elsevier, ACS Publications, iPlant, Missouri Botanical Garden, Plant of the World Online. The pertinent data on URCU was gathered. RESULTS Based on the examination of the genus Uncaria, 107 newly marked chemical compositions have been identified from URCU from 2015 to present, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, and others. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that URCU has a variety of benefits in diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and migraine, due to its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties. According to metabolic and toxicological studies, the dosage, frequency, and interactions of the drugs that occur in vivo are of great significance for determining whether the organic bodies can perform efficacy or produce toxicity. The research on URCU-mediated nanomaterials is expanding and increasing in order to address the inadequacies of conventional Chinese medicine. The alkaloids in URCU have the capability to self-assemble with other classes of components in addition to being biologically active. CONCLUSION URCU plants are widely distributed, abundant in chemical constituents, and widely used in both traditional and modern medicine for a variety of pharmacological effects. The utilization of herbal medicines can be raised by assessing the pharmacological distinctions among several species within the same genus and may accelerate the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Controlling the concentration of drug administration, monitoring metabolic markers, and inventing novel nanotechnologies are effective strategies for synergistic influence and detoxification to alleviate the main obstacles that toxicity, low bioavailability, and poor permeability. This review can assist further research and advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolian Cao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Ayaz M, Mosa OF, Nawaz A, Hamdoon AAE, Elkhalifa MEM, Sadiq A, Ullah F, Ahmed A, Kabra A, Khan H, Murthy HCA. Neuroprotective potentials of Lead phytochemicals against Alzheimer's disease with focus on oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways: Pharmacokinetic challenges, target specificity, clinical trials and future perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155272. [PMID: 38181530 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's diseases (AD) and dementia are among the highly prevalent neurological disorders characterized by deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ) plaques, dense deposits of highly phosphorylated tau proteins, insufficiency of acetylcholine (ACh) and imbalance in glutamatergic system. Patients typically experience cognitive, behavioral alterations and are unable to perform their routine activities. Evidence also suggests that inflammatory processes including excessive microglia activation, high expression of inflammatory cytokines and release of free radicals. Thus, targeting inflammatory pathways beside other targets might be the key factors to control- disease symptoms and progression. PURPOSE This review is aimed to highlight the mechanisms and pathways involved in the neuroprotective potentials of lead phytochemicals. Further to provide updates regarding challenges associated with their use and their progress into clinical trials as potential lead compounds. METHODS Most recent scientific literature on pre-clinical and clinical data published in quality journals especially on the lead phytochemicals including curcumin, catechins, quercetin, resveratrol, genistein and apigenin was collected using SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, JSTOR, EBSCO, Scopus and other related web sources. RESULTS Literature review indicated that the drug discovery against AD is insufficient and only few drugs are clinically approved which have limited efficacy. Among the therapeutic options, natural products have got tremendous attraction owing to their molecular diversity, their safety and efficacy. Research suggest that natural products can delay the disease onset, reduce its progression and regenerate the damage via their anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. These agents regulate the pathways involved in the release of neurotrophins which are implicated in neuronal survival and function. Highly potential lead phytochemicals including curcumin, catechins, quercetin, resveratrol, genistein and apigenin regulate neuroprotective signaling pathways implicated in neurotrophins-mediated activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) and p75 neurotrophins receptor (p75NTR) family receptors. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemicals especially phenolic compounds were identified as highly potential molecules which ameliorate oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration, reduce Aβ load and inhibit vital enzymes. Yet their clinical efficacy and bioavailability are the major challenges which need further interventions for more effective therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.
| | - Osama F Mosa
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Alashary Adam Eisa Hamdoon
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Modawy Elnour Modawy Elkhalifa
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Alshebli Ahmed
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - H C Ananda Murthy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P O Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia; Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and technical science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yang J, Ye K, Zhang R, Fan X, Xiong R, Zhang S, Liu Q, Lin M, Wang B, Tan X, Wen Q, Ou X. The characteristics and molecular targets of antiarrhythmic natural products. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115762. [PMID: 37897974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmia is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. The search for new drugs to suppress various types of cardiac arrhythmias has always been the focus of attention. In the past decade, the screening of antiarrhythmic active substances from plants has received extensive attention. These natural compounds have obvious antiarrhythmic effects, and chemical modifications based on natural compounds have greatly increased their pharmacological properties. The chemical modification of botanical antiarrhythmic drugs is closely related to the development of new and promising drugs. Therefore, the structural characteristics and action targets of natural compounds with antiarrhythmic effects are reviewed in this paper, so that pharmacologists can select antiarrhythmic lead compounds from natural compounds based on the disease target - chemical structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Santai County People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621100, China
| | - Kejun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Armed Police Corps Hospital, Chongqing 400061, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinrong Fan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy of the 958 Hospital of Chinese PLA/Jiangbei Campus, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Miao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xianhong Ou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Province, China.
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de Silva NH, Dahdah A, Blanch EW, Hügel HM, Maniam S. Regioselective pyrrolizidine bis-spirooxindoles as efficient anti-amyloidogenic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dandia A, Mahawar DK, Saini P, Saini S, Gupta SL, Rathore KS, Parewa V. Site-specific role of bifunctional graphitic carbon nitride catalyst for the sustainable synthesis of 3,3-spirocyclic oxindoles in aqueous media. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28452-28465. [PMID: 35478581 PMCID: PMC9038049 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03881h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (Sg-C3N4) has been manufactured and used as a reusable catalyst for the one-pot production of various spiro-pyrano chromenes and spiro indole-3,1′-naphthalene tetracyclic systems in aqueous media. An ultrasound-assisted method has been used for the functionalization of g-C3N4. The catalytic functionalities and the structural integrity of the catalyst were characterized via different analytical tools. The catalytic site-specific role of Sg-C3N4 was confirmed via various control experiments in one-pot reaction sequences. We recognized that Sg-C3N4 acts as a bifunctional acid–base catalyst for the first reaction sequence whereas it is an acidic catalyst for the second reaction sequence during the one-pot production of various spiro-pyrano chromenes. In addition, the bifunctional acid–base catalytic role of Sg-C3N4 has been confirmed for the first reaction sequence whereas it has a basic catalytic role for the second reaction sequence during the one-pot production of spiro indole-3,1′-naphthalene tetracyclic systems. Diverse C–C, C–O, and C–N bonds, six-membered cycles, stereogenic centers, and spiro frameworks were formed in a single reaction, enhancing the biocidal profile and possibly resulting in the discovery of new medicinal properties. The mild reaction environment, simple workup, easy separation, low cost, heterogeneity, and recyclability of Sg-C3N4 are some rewards of this approach. Functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (Sg-C3N4) has been manufactured and used as a reusable catalyst for the one-pot production of various spiro-pyrano chromenes and spiro indole-3,1′-naphthalene tetracyclic systems in aqueous media.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mahawar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Pratibha Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Shyam L Gupta
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India .,Government Polytechnic College Near Itarana Fly Over, Kalimori Alwar Rajasthan 301001 India
| | - Kuldeep S Rathore
- Department of Physics, Arya College of Engineering and IT Jaipur India
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
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Cellular Effects of Rhynchophylline and Relevance to Sleep Regulation. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:312-341. [PMID: 34207633 PMCID: PMC8293156 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla is a plant highly used in the traditional Chinese and Japanese medicines. It has numerous health benefits, which are often attributed to its alkaloid components. Recent studies in humans show that drugs containing Uncaria ameliorate sleep quality and increase sleep time, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is one of the principal alkaloids in Uncaria species. Although treatment with Rhy alone has not been tested in humans, observations in rodents show that Rhy increases sleep time. However, the mechanisms by which Rhy could modulate sleep have not been comprehensively described. In this review, we are highlighting cellular pathways that are shown to be targeted by Rhy and which are also known for their implications in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep. We conclude that Rhy can impact sleep through mechanisms involving ion channels, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. In modulating multiple cellular responses, Rhy impacts neuronal communication in a way that could have substantial effects on sleep phenotypes. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of action of Rhy will have implications for sleep pharmacology.
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Qin N, Lu X, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Qu W, Feng F, Sun H. Recent research progress of Uncaria spp. based on alkaloids: phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112960. [PMID: 33148492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are well-known in affording clinically useful agents, with rich medicinal values by combining with disease targets through various mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites as lead compounds lay the foundation for the discovery and development of new drugs in disease treatment. Genus Uncaria from Rubiaceae family is a significant plant source of active alkaloids, with anti-hypertensive, sedative, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-drug addiction and anti-inflammatory effects. This review summarizes and discuss the research progress of Uncaria based on alkaloids in the past 15 years, mainly in the past 5 years, including biosynthesis, phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Among, focusing on representative compounds rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline, the pharmacological activities surrounding the central nervous system and cardiovascular system are described in detail. On the basis of case studies, this article provides a brief overview of the synthesis and analogues of representative compounds types. In summary, this review provides an early basis for further searching for new targets and activities, discussing the mechanisms of pharmacological activity and studying the structure-activity relationships of active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu J, Fang S, Jin S, Ma R, Lu T, Du D. Application of isatin-derived saturated esters in the synthesis of 3,3'-spirooxindole γ-butyrolactams. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8745-8748. [PMID: 31532435 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01347d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stable while reactive isatin-derived saturated esters have been utilized as 3-carbon synthons in a base-promoted formal [3 + 2] annulation with N-Boc imines. The developed protocol offers a direct pathway for the rapid and divergent construction of two classes of 3,3'-spirooxindole γ-butyrolactam skeletons that are recognized as the privileged structures of various bioactive compounds. This protocol also has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, scalability and wide reaction scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Shuaishuai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Shiyi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
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Zhang Z, Zhang W, Kang F, Ip FCF, Ip NY, Tong R. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Rhynchophylline and Isorhynchophylline. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11359-11365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li T, Xu K, Che D, Huang Z, Jahan N, Wang S. Endothelium-independent vasodilator effect of isocorynoxeine in vitro isolated from the hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miquel). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1285-1293. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wang Y, Wang X, Lin J, Yao B, Wang G, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Lin B, Liu Y, Cheng M, Liu Y. Ynesulfonamide-Based Silica Gel and Alumina-Mediated Diastereoselective Cascade Cyclizations to Spiro[indoline-3,3′-pyrrolidin]-2-ones under Neat Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China; Benxi 117000 People's Republic of China
- Wuya College of Innovation; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
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Hao HF, Liu LM, Pan CS, Wang CS, Gao YS, Fan JY, Han JY. Rhynchophylline Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction via Src-PI3K/Akt-eNOS Cascade in the Cultured Intrarenal Arteries of Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:928. [PMID: 29187825 PMCID: PMC5694770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the protective effect of Rhynchophylline (Rhy) on vascular endothelial function in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Intrarenal arteries of SHRs and Wistar rats were suspended in myograph for force measurement. Expression and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), Akt, and Src kinase (Src) were examined by Western blotting. NO production was assayed by ELISA. Results: Rhy time- and concentration-dependently improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in the renal arteries from SHRs, but had no effect on endothelium-independent relaxation in SHR renal arteries. Wortmannin (an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) or PP2 (an inhibitor of Src) inhibited the improvement of relaxation in response to acetylcholine by 12 h-incubation with 300 μM Rhy. Western blot analysis revealed that Rhy elevated phosphorylations of eNOS, Akt, and Src in SHR renal arteries. Moreover, wortmannin reversed the increased phosphorylations of Akt and eNOS induced by Rhy, but did not affect the phosphorylation of Src. Furthermore, the enhanced phosphorylations of eNOS, Akt, and Src were blunted by PP2. Importantly, Rhy increased NO production and this effect was blocked by inhibition of Src or PI3K/Akt. Conclusion: The present study provides evidences for the first time that Rhy ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in SHRs through the activation of Src-PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Hao
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Mei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-She Wang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Rajarathinam B, Kumaravel K, Vasuki G. "In Water": Organocatalyzed Diastereoselective Multicomponent Reactions toward 2-Azapyrrolizidine Alkaloid Scaffolds. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:455-463. [PMID: 28558195 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of the 2-aza analogues of pyrrolizidine and spirooxindole-2-azapyrrolizidine hybrid, a spiro-tetracyclic scaffold possessing multiple contiguous stereocenters, by an exclusive regio-, chemo-, and diastereoselective multicomponent reaction in water is reported. This logical and didactical tactic has integrated the principles of an ideal organic synthesis, privileged substructure-based diversity-oriented synthesis, and biology-oriented synthesis to access hybrid heterocyclic scaffolds.
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14
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Diversity-oriented sustainable synthesis of antimicrobial spiropyrrolidine/thiapyrrolizidine oxindole derivatives: New ligands for a metallo-β-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumonia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2873-2880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Förster T, López-Tosco S, Ziegler S, Antonchick AP, Waldmann H. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of a Secoyohimbane-Inspired Compound Collection with Neuritogenic Activity. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1098-1108. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Förster
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Chemische Biologie; Fakultät Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sara López-Tosco
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Chemische Biologie; Fakultät Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Chemische Biologie; Fakultät Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
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16
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Rong X, Yao H, Xia W, Du Y, Zhou Y, Liu H. Enantioselective Assembly of Spirolactones through NHC-Catalyzed Remote γ-Carbon Addition of Enals with Isatins. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:220-4. [PMID: 27029906 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed formal [4 + 2] annulation of β-methyl substituted enals with isatins was developed to construct six-membered spirolactones bearing highly congested quaternary carbon stereocentersin good yields and high enantioselectivities. The strategy realized a challenging remote γ-carbon addition of enals and chiral control of β-methyl substituted enals in the presence of the NHC catalyst only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Rong
- Nano
Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Xia
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yonglei Du
- Nano
Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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17
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Dandia A, Singh R, Khan S, Kumari S, Soni P. A rational eco-compatible design strategy for regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of novel dispiropyrrolidine/thiapyrrolizidine hybrids. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Synthesis of new bis-spirooxindolopyrrolizidine(pyrrolidine) derivatives via a pseudo five-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-015-1722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Wang YW, Yang CT, Gong CL, Chen YH, Chen YW, Wu KC, Cheng TH, Kuo YH, Chen YF, Leung YM. Inhibition of voltage-gated Na+ channels by hinokiol in neuronal cells. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1049-54. [PMID: 26481521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hinokiol is a naturally occurring diterpenoid compound isolated from plants such as Taiwania cryptomerioides. Anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation effects of this compound have been reported. It is not yet known if hinokiol affects neurons or neuronal ion channel activities. We reported here that hinokiol inhibited voltage-gated Na(+) channels (VGSC) in neuronal cells and we characterized the mechanisms of block. METHODS The effects of hinokiol on Na(+) channels were examined using the voltage-clamp (whole-cell mode) technique. RESULTS VGSC was blocked by hinokiol in a concentration-dependent and state-dependent manner in neuroblastoma N2A cells: IC(50) are 11.3 and 37.4μM in holding potentials of -70 and -100 mV, respectively. In the presence of hinokiol there was a 13-mV left shift in steady-state inactivation curves; however, activation gating was not altered. VGSC inhibition by hinokiol did not require channel opening and was thus considered to be closed-channel block. In the presence of hinokiol, since the degree of block did not enhance with stimulation frequency, block by hinokiol thus did not exhibit use-dependence. Recovery from channel inactivation was not significantly affected in the presence of hinokiol. In addition, hinokiol also inhibited VGSC of differentiated neuronal NG108-15 cells and rat hippocampal CA1 neurons. CONCLUSION Our results therefore suggest hinokiol inhibited VGSC in a closed-channel block manner and such inhibition involved intensification of channel inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tsang Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Li Gong
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eda-Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hurng Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Fung Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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20
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Wu KC, Kuo CS, Chao CC, Huang CC, Tu YK, Chan P, Leung YM. Role of voltage-gated K(+) channels in regulating Ca(2+) entry in rat cortical astrocytes. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:171-7. [PMID: 25617267 PMCID: PMC10717881 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes have multiple functions such as provision of nourishment and mechanical support to the nervous system, helping to clear extracellular metabolites of neurons and modulating synaptic transmission by releasing gliotransmitters. In excitable cells, voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels serve to repolarize during action potentials. Astrocytes are considered non-excitable cells since they are not able to generate action potentials. There is an abundant expression of various Kv channels in astrocytes but the functions of these Kv channels remain unclear. We examined whether these astrocyte Kv channels regulate astrocyte "excitability" in the form of cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling. Electrophysiological examination revealed that neonatal rat cortical astrocytes possessed both delayed rectifier type and A-type Kv channels. Pharmacological blockade of both delayed rectifier Kv channels by TEA and A-type Kv channels by quinidine significantly suppressed store-operated Ca(2+) influx; however, TEA alone or quinidine alone did not suffice to cause such suppression. TEA and quinidine together dramatically enhanced current injection-triggered membrane potential overshoot (depolarization); either drug alone caused much smaller enhancements. Taken together, the results suggest both delayed rectifier and A-type Kv channels regulate astrocyte Ca(2+) signaling via controlling membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Chao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Orthopedic Department, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
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Natural alkaloids: basic aspects, biological roles, and future perspectives. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:401-6. [PMID: 24969519 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have gained popularity worldwide for promoting healthcare, as well as disease prevention. Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich reservoir for drug discovery. Several alkaloids isolated from natural herbs exhibit antiproliferation, antibacterial, antiviral, insecticidal, and antimetastatic effects on various types of cancers both in vitro and in vivo. This paper focuses on the naturally-derived alkaloids such as berberine, matrine, piperine, fritillarine, and rhynchophylline, etc., and summarizes the action mechanisms of these compounds. Based on the information in the literature that is summarized in this paper, the use of alkaloids as drugs is very promising, but more research and clinical trials are necessary before final recommendations on specific alkaloids can be made. Following this, it is hoped that as a result of this review, there will be a greater awareness of the excellent promise that natural alkaloids show for use in the therapy of diseases.
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22
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Inhibitory effects of imperatorin on voltage-gated K+ channels and ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:134-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Shen T, Zhou Y, Che F, Yu J, Lin Y, Song Q. A Green, Facile Approach for the Multicomponent Synthesis of Bioactive Spiro[Indoline-3,7′-Pyrrolo[1,2-c]Imidazole] Derivatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14229612721445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,7′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole] is achieved through a three-component reaction of isatins, malononitrile, and hydantoin/2-thiohydantoin in water catalysed by NaHCO3. All the target compounds were screened for the Cell Division Cycle 25 Phosphatase B (CDC25B) inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yongbing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Fengfeng Che
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jiangxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qingbao Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
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Li JL, Sahoo B, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Konjugierte Umpolung von β,β-disubstituierten Enalen durch duale Katalyse mit N-heterocyclischen Carbenen und Brønsted-Säuren: einfacher Aufbau benachbarter, quartärer Stereozentren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Li JL, Sahoo B, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Conjugate Umpolung of β,β-Disubstituted Enals by Dual Catalysis with an N-Heterocyclic Carbene and a Brønsted Acid: Facile Construction of Contiguous Quaternary Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10515-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Hao HF, Liu LM, Liu YY, Liu J, Yan L, Pan CS, Wang MX, Wang CS, Fan JY, Gao YS, Han JY. Inhibitory effect of rhynchophylline on contraction of cerebral arterioles to endothelin 1: role of rho kinase. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:147-153. [PMID: 24814318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is a major ingredient of Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) used to reduce blood pressure and ameliorate brain ailments. This study was to examine the role of Rho kinase (ROCK) in the inhibition of Rhy on contraction of cerebral arterioles caused by endothelin 1 (ET-1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cerebral arterioles of male Wistar rats were constricted with ET-1 for 10 min followed by perfusion of Rhy for 20 min. Changes in the diameters of the arterioles were recorded. The effects of Rhy on contraction of middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were determined by a Multi-Myograph. Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining were used to examine the effects of Rhy on RhoA translocation and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) phosphorylation. RESULTS In vivo, Rhy (30-300 µM) relaxed cerebral arterioles constricted with ET-1 dose-dependently. In vitro, Rhy at lower concentrations (1-100 µM) caused relaxation of rat MCAs constricted with KCl and Bay-K8644 (an agonist of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-VDCCs)). Rhy at higher concentrations (>100 µM) caused relaxation of rat MCAs constricted with ET-1, which was inhibited by Y27632, a ROCK׳s inhibitor. Western blotting of rat aortas showed that Rhy inhibited RhoA translocation and MYPT1 phosphorylation. Immunofluorescent staining of MCAs confirmed that phosphorylation of MYPT1 caused by ET-1 was inhibited by Rhy. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that Rhy is a potent inhibitor of contraction of cerebral arteries caused by ET-1 in vivo and in vitro. The effect of Rhy was in part mediated by inhibiting RhoA-ROCK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Hao
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Mei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming-Xia Wang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuan-She Wang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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An eco-compatible synthesis of medicinally important novel class of trispiroheterocyclic framework using 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol as a reusable medium. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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28
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Wu KC, Chen YH, Cheng KS, Kuo YH, Yang CT, Wong KL, Tu YK, Chan P, Leung YM. Suppression of voltage-gated Na(+) channels and neuronal excitability by imperatorin. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:49-55. [PMID: 24113522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Imperatorin is a naturally occurring furocoumarin compound isolated from plants such as Angelica archangelica and Cnidium monnieri. It has multiple pharmacological effects including anticonvulsant effects. Here we determined the effects of imperatorin on voltage-gated Na(+) channels (VGSC) using whole-cell patch clamp techniques in differentiated neuronal NG108-15 cells. We showed that imperatorin inhibited VGSC; such inhibition did not show state-dependence. Imperatorin caused a left shift in the steady-state inactivation curve without affecting activation gating. The inhibition of VGSC by imperatorin displayed a mild frequency-dependence. Imperatorin was also shown to inhibit VGSC and action potential amplitude without affecting voltage-gated K(+) channels in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons. In conclusion, our results suggest that imperatorin dampens neuronal excitability by inhibiting VGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eda-Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pesquet A, Othman M. Combining α-amidoalkylation reactions of N-acyliminium ions with ring-closing metathesis: access to versatile novel isoindolones spirocyclic compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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A simple entry to sugar derived bispiropyrrolidines through non-stabilized azomethine ylides. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Kanchithalaivan S, Kumar RR, Perumal S. Synthesis of novel 16-spiro steroids: spiro-7'-(aryl)tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazolo-trans-androsterone hybrid heterocycles. Steroids 2013; 78:409-17. [PMID: 23376110 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide derived in situ from the reaction of acenaphthylene-1,2-dione and 1,3-thiazolane-4-carboxylic acid to various exocyclic dipolarophiles synthesized from trans-androsterone and trans-dehydroandrosterone afforded a library of novel spiro[5'.2″]acenaphthylene-1″-one-spiro[16.6']-(7'-aryl)-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo [1,2-c][1,3]thiazolo-trans-androsterone/dehydroandrosterone hybrid heterocycles respectively. These reactions proceeded stereo-specifically affording a single isomer of the 16-spiro steroids in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kanchithalaivan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tandem aza-Michael/spiro-ring closure sequence: access to a versatile scaffold and total synthesis of (±)-coerulescine. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen YH, Wu KC, Yang CT, Tu YK, Gong CL, Chao CC, Tsai MF, Kuo YH, Leung YM. Coumarsabin hastens C-type inactivation gating of voltage-gated K+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 704:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Amat M, Ramos C, Pérez M, Molins E, Florindo P, Santos MMM, Bosch J. Enantioselective formal synthesis of ent-rhynchophylline and ent-isorhynchophylline. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1954-6. [PMID: 23361134 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc38540f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starting from (S)-tryptophanol, a formal synthesis of ent-rhynchophylline and ent-isorhynchophylline, involving stereoselective cyclocondensation, spirocyclization, and alkylation reactions, and the final adjustment of the oxidation level at the oxindole and piperidine moieties, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Amat
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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35
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Garg V, Sachse FB, Sanguinetti MC. Tuning of EAG K(+) channel inactivation: molecular determinants of amplification by mutations and a small molecule. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 140:307-24. [PMID: 22930803 PMCID: PMC3434097 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201210826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ether-à-go-go (EAG) and EAG-related gene (ERG) K+ channels are close homologues but differ markedly in their gating properties. ERG1 channels are characterized by rapid and extensive C-type inactivation, whereas mammalian EAG1 channels were previously considered noninactivating. Here, we show that human EAG1 channels exhibit an intrinsic voltage-dependent slow inactivation that is markedly enhanced in rate and extent by 1–10 µM 3-nitro-N-(4-phenoxyphenyl) benzamide, or ICA105574 (ICA). This compound was previously reported to have the opposite effect on ERG1 channels, causing an increase in current magnitude by inhibition of C-type inactivation. The voltage dependence of 2 µM ICA-induced inhibition of EAG1 current was half-maximal at −73 mV, 62 mV negative to the half-point for channel activation. This finding suggests that current inhibition by the drug is mediated by enhanced inactivation and not open-channel block, where the voltage half-points for current inhibition and channel activation are predicted to overlap, as we demonstrate for clofilium and astemizole. The mutation Y464A in the S6 segment also induced inactivation of EAG1, with a time course and voltage dependence similar to that caused by 2 µM ICA. Several Markov models were investigated to describe gating effects induced by multiple concentrations of the drug and the Y464A mutation. Models with the smallest fit error required both closed- and open-state inactivation. Unlike typical C-type inactivation, the rate of Y464A- and ICA-induced inactivation was not decreased by external tetraethylammonium or elevated [K+]e. EAG1 channel inactivation introduced by Y464A was prevented by additional mutation of a nearby residue located in the S5 segment (F359A) or pore helix (L434A), suggesting a tripartite molecular model where interactions between single residues in S5, S6, and the pore helix modulate inactivation of EAG1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Garg
- Department of Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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36
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Singh GS, Desta ZY. Isatins as privileged molecules in design and synthesis of spiro-fused cyclic frameworks. Chem Rev 2012; 112:6104-55. [PMID: 22950860 DOI: 10.1021/cr300135y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1272] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girija S Singh
- Chemistry Department, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
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37
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Gong CL, Wong KL, Cheng KS, Kuo CS, Chao CC, Tsai MF, Leung YM. Inhibitory effects of magnolol on voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels of NG108-15 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 682:73-8. [PMID: 22374258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnolol, a polyphenolic compound isolated from Houpu, a Chinese herb from the bark of Magnolia officinalis, has been reported to have in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects. In spite of these reported beneficial effects, studies on the direct impact of magnolol on neuronal ion channels have been scarce. Whether magnolol affects voltage-gated Na(+) channels (VGSC) and voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels is unknown. Using the whole-cell voltage-clamp method, we studied the effects of magnolol on voltage-gated ion channels in neuronal NG108-15 cells. Magnolol inhibited VGSC channels with mild state-dependence (IC(50) of 15 and 30 μM, at holding potentials of -70 and -100 mV, respectively). No frequency-dependence was observed in magnolol block. Magnolol caused a left-shift of 18 mV in the steady-state inactivation curve but did not affect the voltage-dependence of activation. Magnolol inhibited Kv channels with an IC(50) of 21 μM, and it caused a 20-mV left-shift in the steady-state inactivation curve without affecting the voltage-dependence of activation. In conclusion, magnolol is an inhibitor of both VGSC and Kv channels and these inhibitory effects may in part contribute to some of the reported neuroprotective effects of magnolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Li Gong
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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38
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Leung YM. Involvement of C-type inactivation gating in the actions of voltage-gated K+ channel inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 133:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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39
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Allous I, Comesse S, Sanselme M, Daïch A. Diastereoselective Access to Tri- and Pentacyclic Spiro-γ-lactam-oxindole Cores through a Tandem Aza-Michael Initiated Ring Closure Sequence. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Kuo CS, Kwan CY, Gong CL, Tsai MF, Nishibe S, Tatsuzaki J, Leung YM. Apocynum venetum leaf aqueous extract inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels of mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 136:149-155. [PMID: 21530630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Apocynum venetum Linn. (Apocynaceae family), also called Luobuma, is a shrub which grows widely in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. Its leaves are used in herbal tea for the treatment of hypertension, anxiety and depression. Animal studies have also shown that Apocynum venetum leaf extract (AVLE) also exerts anti-depressant and anti-anxiety activities. The effects of AVLE on neuronal tissues in vitro are not fully understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the whole-cell voltage-clamp method, we studied the effects of AVLE on ion channels in cultured mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells. RESULTS AVLE inhibited voltage-gated inward Na(+) current in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner (half-inhibitory concentration was 18 μg/ml and maximum inhibition at 100 μg/ml). AVLE specifically promoted steady-state inactivation of Na(+) channels but did not affect voltage-dependence of activation. The inhibitory effect was not use-dependent and was not affected by 300μM L-NAME, suggesting that NO was not involved in the action of AVLE in neuronal cells. AVLE also had a mild inhibitory effect on voltage-gated K(+) channels, but did not affect ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. CONCLUSIONS Since voltage-gated Na(+) and K(+) channels are associated with neuronal excitability and therefore affect neurotransmission, the modulation of neuronal ion channels by AVLE may exert neuropharmacological effects. In particular, the inhibition of voltage-gated Na(+) currents by AVLE may in part account for the psychopharmacological effects of this herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Shin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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41
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Leung YM, Tsou YH, Kuo CS, Lin SY, Wu PY, Hour MJ, Kuo YH. Arylnaphthalene lignans from Taiwania cryptomerioides as novel blockers of voltage-gated K+ channels. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 18:46-51. [PMID: 20684875 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are natural phytochemicals which exhibit multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, antivirus and anti-tumor activities. Whether they have effects on neural tissues and ion channels is still unknown. The effects of several arylnaphathalene lignans purified from Taiwania cryptomerioides on voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels in mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells were examined. These lignans included Taiwanin E, helioxanthin (HXT) and diphyllin. All lignans showed inhibitory effects on Kv channels and HXT was the most potent compound (IC(50)=1.7 μM). The mechanism of HXT block was further investigated. Its action was found to be extracellular but not intracellular. HXT accelerated current decay, caused a left-shift in steady-state inactivation curve but had no effect on voltage-dependence of activation. HXT block was unaffected by intracellular K(+) concentrations. Further, it did not affect ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. Our data therefore suggest that HXT is a potent and specific blocker of Kv channels, possibly with an inhibitory mechanism involving acceleration of slow inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Man Leung
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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42
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Eckert GP. Traditional used Plants against Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer Disease. Front Pharmacol 2010; 1:138. [PMID: 21833177 PMCID: PMC3153012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by progressive memory deficits, impaired cognitive function, and altered and inappropriate behavior. Aging represents the most important risk factor for AD and the global trend in the phenomenon of population aging has dramatic consequences for public health, healthcare financing, and delivery systems in the word and, especially in developing countries. Mounting evidence obtained in in vitro and in vivo studies, suggests that various traditionally used plants in Asia, India, and Europe significantly affect key metabolic alterations culminating in AD-typical neurodegeneration. The present article aims to bring the reader up-to-date on the most recent studies and advances describing the direct and indirect activities of traditional used plants and its constituents possibly relieving features of AD. A variety of traditional used plants and its extracts exerted activities on AD related drug targets including AChE activity, antioxidative activity, modulation of Aβ-producing secretase activities, Aβ-degradation, heavy metal chelating, induction of neurotrophic factors, and cell death mechanisms. Although pre-clinical investigations identified promising drug candidates for AD, clinical evidences are still pending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Peter Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Campus Riedberg, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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43
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Chao CC, Huang CC, Kuo CS, Leung YM. Control of ionic selectivity by a pore helix residue in the Kv1.2 channel. J Physiol Sci 2010; 60:441-6. [PMID: 20842544 PMCID: PMC10717328 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-010-0111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between the selectivity filter and the adjacent pore helix of voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels controls pore stability during K(+) conduction. Kv channels, having their selectivity filter destabilized during depolarization, are said to undergo C-type inactivation. We examined the functionality of a residue at the pore helix of the Kv1.2 channel (V370), which reportedly affects C-type inactivation. A mutation into glycine (V370G) caused a shift in reversal potential from around -72 to -9 mV. The permeability ratios (P(Na)/P(K)) of the wild type and V370G mutant are 0.04 and 0.76, respectively. In the wild-type, P(Rb)/P(K), P(Cs)/P(K) and P(Li)/P(K) are 0.78, 0.10 and 0.05, respectively. Kv1.2 V370G channels had enhanced permeability to Rb(+) and Cs(+) (P(Rb)/P(K) and P(Cs)/P(K) are 1.63 and 1.18, respectively); however, Li(+) permeability was not significantly augmented (P(Li)/P(K) is 0.13). Therefore, in addition to its known effect on pore stability, V370 of Kv1.2 is also crucial in controlling ion selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chia Chao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
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44
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Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of novel tetraspiro-bispyrrolidine and bisoxindolopyrrolidine derivatives through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Zhou J, Zhou S. Antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities of rhynchophylline: the role of rhynchophylline in neurotransmission and ion channel activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 132:15-27. [PMID: 20736055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Uncaria species (Gouteng in Chinese) have been used as ethnopharmacological medicines to treat ailments of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. As the main alkaloid constituent of Uncaria species, rhynchophylline has drawn extensive attention in recent years for its antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities, and its pharmacological effects are related to ethnopharmacological medicine properties of Uncaria species. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review examined the pharmacological studies and mechanisms of rhynchophylline, with an emphasis on cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases linked to the ethnopharmacological uses of Uncaria species. METHODS We conducted both an electronic search and a library search of in vivo and in vitro studies. The terms and keywords for the search included rhynchophylline, Uncaria species, Gouteng, pharmacological effects, and mechanism. We focused on the papers, including ours, with studies on all related pharmacological effects and mechanisms of rhynchophylline. RESULTS Rhynchophylline was the main constituent of several components identified from Uncaria species. Rhynchophylline mainly acts on cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases, including hypertension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, sedation, vascular dementia, epileptic seizures, drug addiction, and cerebral ischemia. Rhynchophylline also has effects on anticoagulation, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and has been shown to be anti-endotoxemic. The active mechanisms are related to modulation of calcium and potassium ion channels, protection of neural and neuroglial cells, and regulation of central neurotransmitter transport and metabolism. More studies are necessary to verify the pharmacological activities and determine the exact mechanisms of rhynchophylline activity. CONCLUSIONS Rhynchophylline treatment of cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases has a strong linkage with traditional concepts and uses of Uncaria species in ethnopharmacological medicine, such as treatment for lightheadedness, convulsions, numbness, and hypertension. As a candidate drug for several cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases, rhynchophylline will attract scientists to pursue the potential pharmacological effects and mechanisms with new technologies. Relatively few clinically relevant studies of rhynchophylline have been conducted. Thus, more in vivo validations and investigations of antihypertensive and neuroprotective mechanisms of rhynchophylline are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyin Zhou
- Base for Drug Clinical Trial, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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46
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Leung YM. Voltage-gated K+ channel modulators as neuroprotective agents. Life Sci 2010; 86:775-80. [PMID: 20385147 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A manifestation in neurodegeneration is apoptosis of neurons. Neurons undergoing apoptosis may lose a substantial amount of cytosolic K+ through a number of pathways including K+ efflux via voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels. The consequent drop in cytosolic [K+] relieves inhibition of an array of pro-apoptotic enzymes such as caspases and nucleases. Blocking Kv channels has been known to prevent neuronal apoptosis by preventing K+ efflux. Some neural diseases such as epilepsy are caused by neuronal hyperexcitability, which eventually may lead to neuronal apoptosis. Reduction in activities of A-type Kv channels and Kv7 subfamily members is amongst the etiological causes of neuronal hyperexcitation; enhancing the opening of these channels may offer opportunities of remedy. This review discusses the potential uses of Kv channel modulators as neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Man Leung
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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47
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Ishikura M, Yamada K, Abe T. Simple indole alkaloids and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1630-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c005345g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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48
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Leung YM, Wong KL, Lin CH, Chao CC, Chou CH, Chang LY, Chen SW, Cheng TH, Kuo YH. Dependence of 6beta-acetoxy-7alpha-hydroxyroyleanone block of Kv1.2 channels on C-type inactivation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:147-56. [PMID: 19865797 PMCID: PMC11115866 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels exhibit slow or C-type inactivation during continuous depolarization. A selective pharmacological agent targeting C-type inactivation is hitherto lacking. Here, we report that 6beta-acetoxy-7alpha-hydroxyroyleanone (AHR), a diterpenoid compound isolated from Taiwania cryptomerioides, can selectively modify C-type inactivation of Kv1.2 channels. Extracellular, but not intracellular, AHR (50 muM) dramatically accelerated the slow decay of Kv currents and left-shifted the steady-state inactivation curve. AHR blocked Kv currents with an IC(50) of 17.7 muM. AHR did not affect the kinetics and voltage-dependence of Kv1.2 channel activation. Channel block by AHR was independent of intracellular K(+) concentration. In addition, effect of AHR was much attenuated in a Kv1.2 V370G mutant defective in C-type inactivation. Therefore, block of Kv1.2 channels by AHR did not appear to involve direct occlusion of the outer pore but depended on C-type inactivation. AHR could thus be a probe targeting Kv channel C-type inactivation gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Man Leung
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Chao
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiao Chou
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Siao-Wei Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hurng Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
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49
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Wang W, Ma CM, Hattori M. Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Rhynchophylline in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:669-76. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Chao-Mei Ma
- Division of Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Masao Hattori
- Division of Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
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50
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Yuan D, Ma B, Yang JY, Xie YY, Wang L, Zhang LJ, Kano Y, Wu CF. Anti-inflammatory effects of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in mouse N9 microglial cells and the molecular mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1549-54. [PMID: 19781666 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines from activated microglia contributes to human neurodegenerative disorders. Our previous study demonstrated the potent inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in rat primary microglial cells by rhynchophylline (RIN) and isorhynchophylline (IRN), a pair of isomeric alkaloids of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks. that has been used in China for centuries as a "cognitive enhancer" as well as to treat strokes. We further investigated whether RIN and IRN effectively suppress release of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated microglial cells and the underling molecular mechanism for the inhibition of microglial activation. RIN and IRN concentration-dependently attenuated LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta as well as NO in mouse N9 microglial cells, with IRN showing more potent inhibition of microglial activation. The western blotting analysis indicated that the potential molecular mechanism for RIN or IRN-mediated attenuation was implicated in suppressions of iNOS protein level, phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPKs, and degradation of IkappaBalpha. In addition, the differential regulation of the three signaling pathways by two isomers was shown. Our results suggest that RIN and IRN may be effective therapeutic candidates for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang, 110016, China
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