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Wang CL, Li P, Liu B, Ma YQ, Feng JX, Xu YN, Liu L, Li ZH. Decrypting the skeletal toxicity of vertebrates caused by environmental pollutants from an evolutionary perspective: From fish to mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119173. [PMID: 38763280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of modern society has led to an increasing severity in the generation of new pollutants and the significant emission of old pollutants, exerting considerable pressure on the ecological environment and posing a serious threat to both biological survival and human health. The skeletal system, as a vital supportive structure and functional unit in organisms, is pivotal in maintaining body shape, safeguarding internal organs, storing minerals, and facilitating blood cell production. Although previous studies have uncovered the toxic effects of pollutants on vertebrate skeletal systems, there is a lack of comprehensive literature reviews in this field. Hence, this paper systematically summarizes the toxic effects and mechanisms of environmental pollutants on the skeletons of vertebrates based on the evolutionary context from fish to mammals. Our findings reveal that current research mainly focuses on fish and mammals, and the identified impact mechanisms mainly involve the regulation of bone signaling pathways, oxidative stress response, endocrine system disorders, and immune system dysfunction. This study aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic understanding of research on skeletal toxicity, while also promoting further research and development in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Long Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Yu-Qing Ma
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Jian-Xue Feng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ya-Nan Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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2
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Engel AM, Klevenhusen F, Moenning JL, Numata J, Fischer-Tenhagen C, Sachse B, Schäfer B, Fry H, Kappenstein O, Pieper R. Investigations on the Transfer of Quinolizidine Alkaloids from Lupinus angustifolius into the Milk of Dairy Cows. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11749-11758. [PMID: 36068017 PMCID: PMC9501906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lupin varieties with a low content of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) like blue sweet lupin (BSL) have long been used as a protein source for dairy cows. A health concern for humans may arise from the transfer of acute toxic QAs from feed into cow's milk. This study is the first to quantify the transfer of QAs from BSL into cow's milk with experimental and modeling methods. Four lactating dairy cows were subjected to two 7 day feeding periods with 1 and 2 kg/d BSL, respectively, each followed by a depuration period. BSL contained 1774 mg/kg dry matter total QAs. Individual milk samples were taken twice daily and QA contents in feed and milk determined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Transfer of QAs into the milk was already seen with the administration of 1 kg/d BSL, with differences in transfer rates (TRs) between individual QAs. A toxicokinetic model was derived to quantify and predict QA feed-to-food transfer. For the four most prominent QAs, our model shows an α-half-life of around 0.27 d. TRs were obtained for six QAs and were between 0.13 (sparteine) and 3.74% (multiflorine). A toxicological assessment of milk containing QAs as measured in this study indicated a potential health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Engel
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food
Chain, Max-Dohrn-Strasse
8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Fenja Klevenhusen
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food
Chain, Max-Dohrn-Strasse
8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Jan-Louis Moenning
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food
Chain, Max-Dohrn-Strasse
8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Jorge Numata
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food
Chain, Max-Dohrn-Strasse
8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Carola Fischer-Tenhagen
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Experimental Toxicology
and ZEBET, Alt-Marienfelde
17-21, Berlin 12277, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sachse
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Hildburg Fry
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food
Chain, Max-Dohrn-Strasse
8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Oliver Kappenstein
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food
Chain, Max-Dohrn-Strasse
8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food
Chain, Max-Dohrn-Strasse
8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
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3
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Wei W, Yuan YH, Jiao FR, Zhao X, Xiao L, Hu JY, Ji P, Xiao J, Wang XL. Caulophyine A, a Rare Azapyrene Alkaloid from the Roots of <i>Caulophyllum robustum</i>. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:283-285. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Ya-Hong Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Fu-Rong Jiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Public Course Teaching Department, Shangluo Vocational & Technical College
| | - Lei Xiao
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Shaanxi Regional Center
| | - Jia-Yao Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Ping Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jian Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences
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Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Allam AE, Farag SM, Eldahshan OA, Elshanawany MA, Singab ANB. New quinolizidine alkaloid and insecticidal activity of Sophora secundiflora and Sophora tomentosa against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2722-2734. [PMID: 33974474 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1919108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Sophora secundiflora alkaloid fraction led to isolation of one new quinolizidine alkaloid (1) 13-methoxyanagyrine together with six known ones (2-7). The insecticidal activity of 70% methanol extract of leaves of S. secundiflora, S. tomentosa and the isolated alkaloids were assessed against 3rd instar larvae of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) using different concentrations and mortality rate was recorded. Sophora tomentosa extract showed highest mortality rate with median lethal concentration LC50 3.11 ppm after 24 h and 0.66 ppm after 48 h and anagyrine (6) exhibited remarkably insecticidal activity with LC50 value of 3.42 ppm after 24 h of exposure. Additionally, cytotoxic activity of alkaloid fraction of S. secundiflora, S. tomentosa and isolated alkaloids was also studied using crystal violet assay against MCF-7 and HEPG-2 cell lines. Anagyrine (6) exhibited IC50 values of 27.3 ± 0.7 and 30.2 ± 0.9 µg/mL against MCF-7 and HEPG-2 cancer cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Allam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Farag
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elshanawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Li JC, Dai WF, Liu D, Zhang ZJ, Jiang MY, Rao KR, Li RT, Li HM. Quinolizidine alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104781. [PMID: 33677246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Forty-three quinolizidine alkaloids (1-43), including twelve new matrine-type ones, sophalodes A-L (1-7, 17, 19 and 28-30), were isolated from the seeds of Sophora alopecuroides. Structurally, compounds 1-4 were the first examples of C-11 oxidized matrine-type alkaloids from Sophora plants. The structures and absolute configurations of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic techniques, X-ray diffraction analysis, and quantum chemical calculation. In addition, the NMR data and absolute configuration of compound 18 was reported for the first time. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibition on nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophages, among them, compounds 29, 38 and 42 exhibited the most significant activity with IC50 values of 29.19, 25.86 and 33.30 μM, respectively. Further research about new compound 29 showed that it also suppressed the protein levels of iNOS and COX-2, which revealed its anti-inflammatory potential. Moreover, additional research showed that compound 16 exhibited marginal cytotoxicity against HeLa cell lines, with an IC50 value of 24.27 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chun Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wei-Feng Dai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Ming-Yan Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Kai-Rui Rao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China.
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Hamidi H, Daraie M, Momeni T. Recent applications of the Wittig reaction in alkaloid synthesis. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 84:201-334. [PMID: 32416953 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Wittig reaction is the chemical reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide (the Wittig reagent) to afford an alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide. Noteworthy, this reaction results in the synthesis of alkenes in a selective and predictable fashion. Thus, it became as one of the keystone of synthetic organic chemistry, especially in the total synthesis of natural products, where the selectivity of a reaction is paramount of importance. A literature survey disclosed the existence of vast numbers of related reports and comprehensive reviews on the applications of this important name reaction in the total synthesis of natural products. However, the aim of this chapter is to underscore, the applications of the Wittig reaction in the total synthesis of one the most important and prevalent classes of natural products, the alkaloids, especially those showing important and diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Hamidi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Daraie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Wang Q, Liang J, Brennan C, Ma L, Li Y, Lin X, Liu H, Wu J. Anti‐inflammatory effect of alkaloids extracted from
Dendrobium aphyllum
on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells through NO production and reduced IL‐1, IL‐6, TNF‐α and PGE2 expression. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510000 China
| | - Jiaxi Liang
- College of Light Industry and Food Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510000 China
| | - Charles Brennan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing Beijing
| | - Lukai Ma
- College of Light Industry and Food Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510000 China
| | - Yanfu Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510000 China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510000 China
| | - Huifan Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510000 China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular biosciences University of Lincoln University of Lincoln New Zealand
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8
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Schrenk D, Bodin L, Chipman JK, Del Mazo J, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Leblanc JC, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Alexander J, Cottrill B, Dusemund B, Mulder P, Arcella D, Baert K, Cascio C, Steinkellner H, Bignami M. Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin-derived products. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05860. [PMID: 32626161 PMCID: PMC7008800 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment is limited to QAs occurring in Lupinus species/varieties relevant for animal and human consumption in Europe (i.e. Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L. and Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). Information on the toxicity of QAs in animals and humans is limited. Following acute exposure to sparteine (reference compound), anticholinergic effects and changes in cardiac electric conductivity are considered to be critical for human hazard characterisation. The CONTAM Panel used a margin of exposure (MOE) approach identifying a lowest single oral effective dose of 0.16 mg sparteine/kg body weight as reference point to characterise the risk following acute exposure. No reference point could be identified to characterise the risk of chronic exposure. Because of similar modes of action for QAs, the CONTAM Panel used a group approach assuming dose additivity. For food, the highest mean concentration of Total QAs (TotQAs) (i.e. the 6 most abundant QAs) was found in lupin seed samples classified as 'Lupins (dry) and similar-'. Due to the limited data on occurrence and consumption, dietary exposure was calculated for some specific scenarios and no full human health risk characterisation was possible. The calculated margin of exposures (MOEs) may indicate a risk for some consumers. For example, when lupin seeds are consumed without a debittering step, or as debittered lupin seeds high in QA content and when 'lupin-based meat imitates' are consumed. For horses, companion and farm animals, other than salmonids, the available database on adverse effects was too limited to identify no-observed-adverse-effect levels and/or lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels and no risk characterisation was possible. For salmonids, the CONTAM Panel considers the risk for adverse effects to be low.
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9
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Savona-Ventura C, Mahmood T. EBCOG position statement about the use of herbal medication during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 244:38-39. [PMID: 31734622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women often resort to herbal medication to ameliorate the disturbing symptoms associated with pregnancy in the mistaken belief that these are safe and carry no potential harmful effects to the developing fetus. Healthcare personnel must be cognizant of the potential adverse side effects of these substances to be able to better advise their patients.
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10
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Lü S, Liu Y, Cui J, Yang B, Li G, Guo Y, Kuang H, Wang Q. Mechanism of Caulophyllum robustum Maxim against rheumatoid arthritis using LncRNA-mRNA chip analysis. Gene 2019; 722:144105. [PMID: 31521702 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caulophyllum robustum Maxim (CRM) is a medicinal compound of the Northeast and is commonly used in China for the treatment of rheumatic pain and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A preliminary study found that CRM has good anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunosuppressive effects. However, the specific links and targets for its function remain unclear. Our study aimed to provide a mechanism for the action of Caulophyllum robustum Maxim extraction (CRME) against RA and to establish a method for studying disease treatment using Chinese medicine. METHODS The 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method was used to detect the toxicity of CRME in L929 cells, and the concentration ranges of the blank, model, and CRME drug groups were determined. Differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were identified between the three groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to analyze the biological functions and pathways of the differentially expressed genes. Expression of Hist1h2bj, Hist1h2ba, Zfp36, Ccl3, Cxcl2 and Egr1 in the blank, model and drug groups was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the role of CRME on the above factors was determined to ensure consistency with the chip data. RESULTS A total of 329 significantly upregulated genes and 141 downregulated genes were identified between the blank and model groups. A total of 218 significantly upregulated genes and 191 downregulated genes were identified between the CRME drug group and model group. CRME has a significant role in multiple pathways involved in the occurrence and development of RA. Additionally, Hist1h2bj, Hist1h2ba, Zfp36, Ccl3, Cxcl2, and Egr1 were observed in modules of the lncRNA-mRNA weighted co-expression network, consistent with the chip data. CONCLUSIONS CRME has regulatory effects on inflammatory factors, the histone family, chemokines and their ligands that are related to RA-related cytokines, the RA pathway, the TNF signaling pathway, the Toll receptor-like signaling pathway, the chemokine signaling pathways and other pathways are related to the course of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowa Lü
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yutian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guoyu Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510224, China.
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12
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Green BT, Lee ST, Gardner DR, Welch KD, Cook D. Bioactive Alkaloids from Plants Poisonous to Livestock in North America. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T. Green
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Stephen T. Lee
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Dale R. Gardner
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Kevin D. Welch
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory 1150 East 1400 North, Logan UT 84341 USA
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13
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Setzer WN. The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E121. [PMID: 30424560 PMCID: PMC6313439 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Native Americans have had a rich ethnobotanical heritage for treating diseases, ailments, and injuries. Cherokee traditional medicine has provided numerous aromatic and medicinal plants that not only were used by the Cherokee people, but were also adopted for use by European settlers in North America. Methods: The aim of this review was to examine the Cherokee ethnobotanical literature and the published phytochemical investigations on Cherokee medicinal plants and to correlate phytochemical constituents with traditional uses and biological activities. Results: Several Cherokee medicinal plants are still in use today as herbal medicines, including, for example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). This review presents a summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of Cherokee aromatic and medicinal plants. Conclusions: The list is not complete, however, as there is still much work needed in phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of many traditional herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
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Goller J, Hübschle CB, Breuning M. The Hydroxylated, Tetracyclic Bisquinolizidine Alkaloids Baptifoline and Epibaptifoline: Enantioselective Synthesis and Unambiguous Assignment of their Configuration at C-13. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Goller
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | | | - Matthias Breuning
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
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15
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Wang QH, Lv SW, Guo YY, Duan JX, Dong SY, Wang QS, Yu FM, Su H, Kuang HX. Pharmacological Effect of Caulophyllum robustum on Collagen-Induced Arthritis and Regulation of Nitric Oxide, NF- κB, and Proinflammatory Cytokines In Vivo and In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:8134321. [PMID: 29456573 PMCID: PMC5804361 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8134321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Caulophyllum robustum Maxim (C. robustum) has commonly been used as traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatic pain and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. This paper first investigated the anti-inflammation effect of C. robustum extraction (CRME) on RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gene expression levels of inflammatory factors. Moreover, we first evaluated the anti-RA effects of CRME using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice, and the incidence, clinical score, and joint histopathology were evaluated. The levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 inflammatory factors in sera of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of NF-κB p65 in the joint was tested by immune histochemical technique. The results showed that, compared with the model group, CRME significantly improved symptoms of the arthritis index, limb swelling, and histological findings by decreasing synovial membrane damage, the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration, and the expansion of capillaries in CIA mice. The results also showed that CRME can reduce the levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 and inhibit the expression of NF-κB p65. All these results indicated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of CRME as a novel botanical extraction for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-hong Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shao-wa Lv
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu-yan Guo
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ji-xin Duan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shu-yu Dong
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiu-shi Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Feng-ming Yu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hong Su
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-xue Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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16
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Liu Z, Xie J, Luo T, Zhang T, Zhao X, Zhao H, Li P. An epidemiologic study of mitochondrial membrane transporter protein gene polymorphism and risk factors for neural tube defects in Shanxi, China. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:463-9. [PMID: 25774190 PMCID: PMC4350134 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study involved a questionnaire survey of 156 mothers that gave birth to children with neural tube defects or had a history of pregnancy resulting in children with neural tube defects (case group) and 156 control mothers with concurrent healthy children (control group) as well as detection of mitochondrial membrane transporter protein gene [uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2)] polymorphism. The maternal UCP2 3’ untranslated region (UTR) D/D genotype and D allele frequency were significantly higher in the case group compared with the control group (odds ratio (OR) 3.233; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.103–9.476; P = 0.040; OR: 3.484; 95% CI: for neural tube defects 2.109–5.753; P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for neural tube defects showed that a maternal UCP2 3’ UTR D/D genotype was negatively interacted with the mothers’ consumption of frequent fresh fruit and vegetables (S = 0.007), positively interacted with the mothers’ frequency of germinated potato consumption (S = 2.15) and positively interacted with the mothers’ body mass index (S = 3.50). These findings suggest that maternal UCP2 3’ UTR gene polymorphism, pregnancy time, consumption of germinated potatoes and body mass index are associated with an increased risk for neural tube defects in children from mothers living in Shanxi province, China. Moreover, there is an apparent gene-environment interaction involved in the development of neural tube defects in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tian'e Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shanghai Yangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Physical and Chemical Detection, Shanxi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Peizhen Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
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Liang B, Li L, Tang LY, Wu Q, Wu XK, Wang CC. Safety of Chinese herbal medicines during pregnancy. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:447-58. [PMID: 25663446 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Miscarriage and infertility have long been public concerns due to the mental and physical suffering they bring to potential parents. There is a strong need for effective and affordable treatments. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been shown to be effective for preventing miscarriage and treating infertility; however, due to the limited knowledge of their pharmacological mechanisms and unknown potential toxicity, their use has been restricted. This paper reviews 24 clinical trials of CHMs to prevent miscarriage and treat infertility. Most of these studies did not meet the requirements of randomized controlled trials. Even when using quality assessments based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of non-randomized studies, most studies did not meet the requirements. The reviewed papers were evaluated for maternal and embryonic adverse effects, including those in animal experiments. Slight maternal effects were noted, with some reports of severe toxic effects of CHMs for preventing miscarriage and severe adverse maternal effects of CHMs used for infertility. Owing to the poor quality of the randomized controlled clinical trials and the limited number of studies, it is not possible to draw a conclusion. From animal studies, for all three gestational periods, growth delay and congenital anomalies were the most commonly recorded adverse effects. However, baseline toxicological data and detailed mechanisms are still lacking. To gain a better understanding of the potential toxic effects of CHMs, additional high-quality randomized controlled trials should be conducted, and high-throughput in vitro screening method for baseline data should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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18
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Green BT, Lee ST, Welch KD, Panter KE. Plant alkaloids that cause developmental defects through the disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:235-46. [PMID: 24339035 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of a developing embryo or fetus to alkaloids from plants, plant products, or plant extracts has the potential to cause developmental defects in humans and animals. These defects may have multiple causes, but those induced by piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloids arise from the inhibition of fetal movement and are generally referred to as multiple congenital contracture-type deformities. These skeletal deformities include arthrogyrposis, kyposis, lordosis, scoliosis, and torticollis, associated secondary defects, and cleft palate. Structure-function studies have shown that plant alkaloids with a piperidine ring and a minimum of a three-carbon side-chain α to the piperidine nitrogen are teratogenic. Further studies determined that an unsaturation in the piperidine ring, as occurs in gamma coniceine, or anabaseine, enhances the toxic and teratogenic activity, whereas the N-methyl derivatives are less potent. Enantiomers of the piperidine teratogens, coniine, ammodendrine, and anabasine, also exhibit differences in biological activity, as shown in cell culture studies, suggesting variability in the activity due to the optical rotation at the chiral center of these stereoisomers. In this article, we review the molecular mechanism at the nicotinic pharmacophore and biological activities, as it is currently understood, of a group of piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloid teratogens that impart a series of flexure-type skeletal defects and cleft palate in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, Utah, 84321
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Genus caulophyllum: an overview of chemistry and bioactivity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:684508. [PMID: 24876877 PMCID: PMC4024411 DOI: 10.1155/2014/684508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, some promising advances have been achieved in understanding the chemistry, pharmacology, and action mechanisms of constituents from genus Caulophyllum. Despite this, there is to date no systematic review of those of genus Caulophyllum. This review covers naturally occurring alkaloids and saponins and those resulting from synthetic novel taspine derivatives. The paper further discussed several aspects of this genus, including pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and cell membrane chromatography for activity screening. The aim of this paper is to provide a point of reference for pharmaceutical researchers to develop new drugs from constituents of Caulophyllum plants.
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20
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Rouden J, Lasne MC, Blanchet J, Baudoux J. (−)-Cytisine and Derivatives: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 114:712-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Rouden
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Marie-Claire Lasne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Blanchet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Baudoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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21
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Primary constituents of blue cohosh: quantification in dietary supplements and potential for toxicity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4409-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Montopoli M, Bertin R, Chen Z, Bolcato J, Caparrotta L, Froldi G. Croton lechleri sap and isolated alkaloid taspine exhibit inhibition against human melanoma SK23 and colon cancer HT29 cell lines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:747-753. [PMID: 23123266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Croton lechleri Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant which produces a red sap, traditionally known as "Sangre de Drago"; it is used in folk medicine externally for wounds, fractures, and haemorrhoids, internally for intestinal and stomach ulcers and also for the empirical cure of cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effects of Croton lechleri sap and taspine in comparison with taxol and vinblastine on the growth of human cancer cell lines of SK23 (melanoma), LoVo and HT29 (colorectal cancer) using MTT and Trypan blue assays. Further, we studied cell cycle by flow cytometry and detected acetylated-α-tubulin by confocal microscope. RESULTS Croton lechleri inhibited cell proliferation starting from 1 μg/mL in SK23 cells, whereas 10 times higher concentrations were required for growth inhibition of HT-29 and LoVo cell lines. Also taspine (0.1 μg/mL) inhibited the SK23 and HT29 cell proliferation. Further, assay was assessed on SK23 and HT29 cell lines with 24-48 h treatment with sap and taspine. Both sap and taspine inhibited cancer cell proliferation; taspine showed higher activity on SK23 cells, which was significantly increased after 48 h of SK23 treatment. Using confocal microscopy we observed that Croton lechleri (1 μg/mL) caused a loss of microtubule structure, whereas taspine (0.5 μg/mL) caused an increase in acetylated α-tubulin and a modification of cellular morphology, mainly in SK23 cells. Croton lechleri sap 10 and 50 μg/mL influence cell cycle; 50 μg/mL sap caused a dramatic reduction of cells in G(1)/G(0) and S phases with a great increase of subG(0) cells. CONCLUSIONS The data showed that Croton lechleri and taspine could inhibit cell proliferation with higher potency against melanoma SK23 cells, supporting the empirical use of the sap as anticancer in ethnomedicine and taspine as a possible anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Padua University, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, Padua, Italy
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23
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Abstract
In light of various pressures, toxicologists have been searching for alternative methods for safety testing of chemicals. According to a recent policy in the European Union (Regulation, Evaluation Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals, REACH), it has been estimated that over the next twelve to fifteen years, approximately 30,000 chemicals may need to be tested for safety, and under current guidelines such testing would require the use of approximately 7.2 million laboratory animals [ Hofer et al. 2004 ]. It has also been estimated that over 80% of all animals used for safety testing under REACH legislation would be used for examining reproductive and developmental toxicity [Hofer et al., 2004]. In addition to REACH initiatives, it has been estimated that out of 5,000 to 10,000 new drug entities that a pharmaceutical company may start with, only one is finally approved by the Food and Drug Administration at a cost of over one billion dollars [ Garg et al. 2011 ]. A large portion of this cost is due to animal testing. Therefore, both the pharmaceutical and chemical industries are interested in using alternative models and in vitro tests for safety testing. This review will examine the current state of three alternative models - whole embryo culture (WEC), the mouse embryonic stem cell test (mEST), and zebrafish. Each of these alternatives will be reviewed, and advantages and disadvantages of each model will be discussed. These models were chosen because they are the models most commonly used and would appear to have the greatest potential for future applications in developmental toxicity screening and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-yul Lee
- Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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24
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Activity of taspine isolated from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticis against estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:896-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Ponpandian T, Muthusubramanian S. A new method of synthesising (±)-thalictroidine and (±)-hygrine. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Wu M, Hu Y, Ali Z, Khan IA, Verlangeiri AJ, Dasmahapatra AK. Teratogenic effects of blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) are probably mediated through GATA2/EDN1 signaling pathway. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 23:1405-16. [PMID: 20707411 DOI: 10.1021/tx100205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) (BC) has been used widely to induce labor and to treat other uterine conditions. However, the safety and effectiveness of this herbal product has not yet been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Several conflicting reports indicated that the root extract of BC is a teratogen and, by some unknown mechanisms, is able to induce cardiovascular malfunctions in new-born babies. To understand the mechanism, we have used Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval development as the experimental model and the methanolic extract of BC root as the teratogen. The embryo mortality, hatching efficiency, and morphological abnormalities in craniofacial and cardiovascular systems are considered for the evaluation of BC toxicity. Our results indicate that BC is able to disrupt cardiovascular and craniofacial cartilage development in medaka embryo in a dose and developmental stage-specific manner. Moreover, embryos in precirculation are to some extent more resistant to BC than ones with circulation. By using subtractive hybridization, we have observed that gata2 mRNA was differentially expressed in the circulating embryos after BC treatment. As GATA-binding sequences are required for the expression of the endothelin1 (edn1) gene and edn1 expressed in blood vessels and craniofacial cartilages, we have extended our investigations to edn1 gene expression regulation by BC. We found that edn1, furin1, and endothelin receptor A (ednrA) genes are developmentally regulated; endothelin converting enzyme mRNA (ece1) maintained a steady-state level throughout development. Circulating medaka embryos (3 days post fertilization, dpf) exposed to BC (10 microg/mL) for 48 h have increased levels of gata2, ece1, and preproenodthelin (preproedn1) mRNA contents; however, other mRNAs (furin and ednrA) remained unaltered. Therefore, the enhanced expression of gata2 mRNA followed by ece1 and preproedn1 mRNA by BC might be able to induce vasoconstriction and cardiovascular defects and disrupt craniofacial cartilages in medaka embryos. We conclude that cardiovascular and craniofacial defects in medaka embryogenesis by BC are probably mediated through a GATA2-EDN1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wu
- National Center for Natural Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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27
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Li G, Zhang Y, Yang B, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Lü S, Kuang H. Leiyemudanosides A–C, three new bidesmosidic triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Caulophyllum robustum. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:200-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Wang S, He L. Discovery of novel taspine derivatives as antiangiogenic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:718-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Chen LJ, Hou DR. Asymmetric aza-Michael addition: synthesis of (−)-allosedridine and (−)-2-epi-ethylnorlobelol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Ali Z, Khan IA. Alkaloids and saponins from blue cohosh. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:1037-1042. [PMID: 18048069 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Blue cohosh, Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. (Berberidaceae), is used primarily to cure menstrual disturbances and to ease childbirth. Alkaloids and saponins are considered to be responsible for its pharmacological activity. A detailed phytochemical investigation of blue cohosh resulted in the isolation of 15 compounds belonging to the alkaloids and the triterpene saponins. The structures of two alkaloids, caulophyllumines A (1) and B (2) and a saponin, cauloside H (3) both previously unknown were determined by spectroscopic techniques, including by 1- and 2-D NMR as well as by chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
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31
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Brukwicki T, Wysocka W. Effect of hydroxy groups on conformational equilibrium in bis-quinolizidine systems. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Lu W, He LC, Zeng XM. HPLC method for the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of taspine solution and taspine liposome after intravenous administrations to mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:170-6. [PMID: 17889477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Taspine is a bioactive aporphine alkaloid, which has many potent pharmacological effects. A simple, rapid HPLC method to quantify taspine in mouse plasma and tissue homogenates containing either taspine solution or liposome was developed and validated. Sample preparation was achieved by liquid-liquid extraction with acetoacetate. Taspine was separated on a C(18) reversed phase HPLC column, and quantified by its absorbance at 245 nm. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after intravenous administrations of taspine liposome (L-Ta) and taspine solution (Ta) to ICR mice were then compared. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was higher for L-Ta than for Ta. In contrast, the total body clearance (CL), apparent volume of distribution V(c) and plasma half-life for the distribution (t(1/2 alpha)) and elimination phase (t(1/2 beta)) were lower for L-Ta, in comparison to the respective parameter of Ta. The AUC values were higher in the lung than in other organs for both L-Ta and Ta. The AUC in the spleen, kidney and liver of L-Ta were higher than those of Ta. However, the heart and brain AUC of Ta was higher than that of L-Ta. It can thus be concluded that incorporation into liposomes prolonged taspine retention within the systemic circulation, increased its distribution to the spleen and liver but reduced its distribution to the heart and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lu
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
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33
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Li Y, Hu Z, He L. An approach to develop binary chromatographic fingerprints of the total alkaloids from Caulophyllum robustum by high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1667-72. [PMID: 17291705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An approach was proposed to develop binary chromatographic fingerprints by means of high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector (HPLC/DAD) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). HPLC fingerprint and GC/MS fingerprint that, respectively, represent chemical characteristics of aporphinoid and quinolizidine alkaloids of the total alkaloids from Caulophyllum robustum were developed, which were used to construct binary chromatographic fingerprints of the total alkaloids. Moreover, the authentication and validation of the binary fingerprints were performed. Then, a data-level information fusion method was employed to capture the chemical information encoded in two chromatographic fingerprints. Finally, based on the fusion results, the quality of 10 batches of the total alkaloids samples was further evaluated by similarity measure and cluster analysis method. In comparison with conventional fingerprint, the binary chromatographic fingerprints which represent the characteristics of more constitutions can comprehensively and properly reveal the quality characteristics of the total alkaloids. The binary chromatographic fingerprints can reach more objective conclusions in the practice of quality control of the total alkaloids. In conclusion, the binary chromatographic fingerprints are suitable for quality control of the total alkaloids. The presented approach is a powerful and meaningful tool to comprehensively conduct the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 205 Zhuque Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China
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34
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Goldberg D, Zasloff E. Post-Term Pregnancy. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2954-0.50055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Innocenti G, Dall'Acqua S, Viola G, Loi MC. Cytotoxic constituents from Anagyris foetida leaves. Fitoterapia 2006; 77:595-7. [PMID: 16887297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anagyris foetida extracts were investigated in preliminary cytotoxic tests against two tumour cell lines. Chromatographic separations on active extracts led to the isolation of two alkaloids, anagyrine (1) and baptifoline (2), as well of isorhamnetin (3) and syringin 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). In vitro cytotoxicity of compounds 1-3 was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Innocenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Ganzera M, Dharmaratne HRW, Nanayakkara NPD, Khan IA. Determination of saponins and alkaloids in Caulophyllum thalictroides (blue cohosh) by high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2003; 14:1-7. [PMID: 12597249 DOI: 10.1002/pca.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Caulophyllum thalictroides, traditionally used for the treatment of menstrual difficulties and as an aid in childbirth, contain saponins, which are considered to be responsible for the uterine stimulant effects, together with teratogenic alkaloids. An HPLC method has been developed which permits the determination of the triterpene saponins in the plant and also the separation of four alkaloids. The best results were obtained with a C-12 stationary phase using ammonium acetate buffer (pH 8.0) and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Owing to their low UV absorbance, the saponins were detected by evaporative light scattering, whereas the alkaloids were monitored by UV at 310 nm. The identities of the compounds were confirmed in an LC-MS experiment. Different plant samples and commercial products have been analysed using the described method, and remarkable qualitative and quantitative variations were revealed. Comparing the daily uptake of total saponins, a difference of greater than 100-fold was observed within the various products; the alkaloid content on the other hand was more uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ganzera
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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37
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Sagen AL, Gertsch J, Becker R, Heilmann J, Sticher O. Quinolizidine alkaloids from the curare adjuvant Clathrotropis glaucophylla. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2002; 61:975-978. [PMID: 12453529 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The bark of Clathrotropis glaucophylla (Fabaceae) is used as admixture of curare arrow poison by the Yanomami; Amerindians in Venezuela. A new quinolizidine alkaloid (QA), (-)-13alpha-hydroxy-15alpha-(1-hydroxyethyl)-anagyrine [(-)-clathrotropine], was isolated from the alkaloid extract of C. glaucophylla bark, together with eleven known QAs: (-)-anagyrine, (-)-thermopsine, (-)-baptifoline, (-)-epibaptifoline, (-)-rhombifoline, (-)-tinctorine, (-)-cytisine, (-)-N-methylcytisine, (-)-lupanine, (-)-6alpha-hydroxylupanine and (+)-5,6-dehydrolupanine. The isolation and structure elucidation were performed with the aid of chromatographic (TLC, HPLC and CC) and spectroscopic (UV and 1D/2D NMR) methods, and mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, this is the first time quinolizidine alkaloids have been isolated from an arrow poison ingredient. It is also the first report on Clathrotropis species being used for preparation of arrow poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Sagen
- Department of Applied BioSciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cardellina JH. Challenges and opportunities confronting the botanical dietary supplement industry. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002; 65:1073-1084. [PMID: 12141880 DOI: 10.1021/np0200515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The intent of this review is to identify and characterize the scientific challenges confronting the botanical dietary supplements industry, explore opposing sides of some controversial issues, and outline an agenda for addressing the more acute problems. The issues posing the greatest challenge to the industry center on quality, safety, and benefit. A key conclusion is that development of the scientific base of the industry has not kept pace with the rapid expansion of the manufacturing and marketing components. Recommendations for addressing the existing challenges are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Cardellina
- Council for Responsible Nutrition, 1875 Eye Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20006-5409, USA.
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Milanowski DJ, Winter REK, Elvin-Lewis MPF, Lewis WH. Geographic distribution of three alkaloid chemotypes of Croton lechleri. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002; 65:814-9. [PMID: 12088421 DOI: 10.1021/np000270v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Three known alkaloids, isoboldine (2), norisoboldine (1), and magnoflorine (8), have been isolated for the first time from Croton lechleri, a source of the wound healing latex "sangre de grado". An HPLC system was developed, and a large number of latex and leaf samples of C. lechleri from 22 sites in northern Peru and Ecuador were analyzed to gain an understanding of the natural variation in alkaloid content for the species. Up to six alkaloids were found to occur in the leaves including, in addition to those listed above, thaliporphine (3), glaucine (4), and taspine (9), whereas the latex contained only 9. Taspine (9) is the component that has been previously found to be responsible for the wound healing activity of C. lechleri latex, and its mean concentration throughout the range examined was found to be 9% of the latex by dry weight. In addition, three chemotypes are defined based on the alkaloid content of the leaves, and the geographic distribution of these chemotypes is discussed along with a quantitative analysis of the alkaloid content as a function of chemotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Milanowski
- Department of Biology, Washington University, Campus Box 1137, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
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40
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Lourenço A, Máximo P, Ferreira L, Pereira M. Indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids structure and bioactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(02)80038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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41
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Jhoo JW, Sang S, He K, Cheng X, Zhu N, Stark RE, Zheng QY, Rosen RT, Ho CT. Characterization of the triterpene saponins of the roots and rhizomes of blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:5969-5974. [PMID: 11743794 DOI: 10.1021/jf010814e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seven triterpene saponins were isolated from n-butanol fractions of blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) roots and rhizomes. Their structures were established by spectral ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, 2D-NMR, and APCI-MS) techniques and chemical reactions as hederagenin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (1); caulophyllogenin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (2); hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (3); 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4); 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl- caulophyllogenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5); 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl- echinocystic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6); 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7). All seven compounds were identified in this species for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Jhoo
- Department of Food Science and Center for Advanced Food Technology, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
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Abstract
The term pharmacognosy as a constituent scientific discipline of pharmacy has been in use for nearly 200 years, and it refers to studies on natural product drugs. During the last half of the 20th century, pharmacognosy evolved from being a descriptive botanical subject to one having a more chemical and biological focus. At the beginning of the 21st century, pharmacognosy teaching in academic pharmacy institutions has been given new relevance, as a result of the explosive growth in the use of herbal remedies (phytomedicines) in modern pharmacy practice, particularly in western Europe and North America. In turn, pharmacognosy research areas are continuing to expand, and now include aspects of cell and molecular biology in relation to natural products, ethnobotany and phytotherapy, in addition to the more traditional analytical method development and phytochemistry. Examples are provided in this review of promising bioactive compounds obtained in two multidisciplinary natural product drug discovery projects, aimed at the elucidation of new plant-derived cancer chemotherapeutic agents and novel cancer chemopreventives, respectively. The systematic study of herbal remedies offers pharmacognosy groups an attractive new area of research, ranging from investigating the biologically active principles of phytomedicines and their mode of action and potential drug interactions, to quality control, and involvement in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Douglas Kinghorn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA.
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Abstract
Pregnant women often use medicinal herbs in an effort to maintain good health and reduce the need for medical intervention. A survey of the scientific and popular literature identified a number of therapeutic herbs used in North America. Three categories are discussed: tonics, herbs for preventing miscarriage, and herbs for inducing labor. Some of these preparations may address women's needs in ways that biomedicine has failed to do. Purported merits and hazards of these medications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Westfall
- Centre for Environmental Health, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
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