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Chatterjee S, Molla S, Ahmed J, Bandyopadhyay S. Light-driven modulation of electrical conductance with photochromic switches: bridging photochemistry with optoelectronics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12685-12698. [PMID: 37814882 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic conducting molecules have emerged because of their unique capacity to modulate electrical conductivity upon exposure to light, toggling between high and low conductive states. This unique amalgamation has unlocked novel avenues for the application of these materials across diverse areas in optoelectronics and smart materials. The fundamental mechanism underpinning this phenomenon is based on the light-driven isomerization of conjugated π-systems which influences the extent of conjugation. The photoisomerization process discussed here involves photochromic switches such as azobenzenes, diarylethenes, spiropyrans, dimethyldihydropyrenes, and norbornadiene. The change in the degree of conjugation alters the charge transport in both single molecules and bulk states in solid samples or solutions. This article discusses a number of recent examples of photochromic conducting systems and the challenges and potentials of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelbhadra Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Sariful Molla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Jakir Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Subhajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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2
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Electronic transport on the two state "ON-OFF" of 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-6'-nitrobenzopyrylospiran as a light-driven molecular optical switch: A first-principle study. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 120:108420. [PMID: 36706573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, the electronic transport characteristics of the 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-6'-nitrobenzopyrylospiran were studied by using NEGF and DFT methods. By being exposed to UV or visible light, this molecule can change from its MC to SP states. The titled structure was optimized at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. To obtain conductivity results, the electrons of metal and organic atoms were approached by the single-plus polarization (SZP) for single-zeta and double-plus polarization (DZP) for double zeta basis sets, respectively. We examined some factors in this study, including various molecule geometries, the type of surface materials (Platinum, gold, and silver), the switching ratio, the gap between HOMO and LUMO levels, and the transmission spectra, at different bias voltages. The outcomes show that conductivity transforms from an off-state (high resistance) to an on-state as the molecule switches from MC to SP form (low resistance).
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First-principle study on the electronic transport properties of 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (a diarylethene) as an optical molecular switch. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Darugar V, Vakili M, Antonia Brandán S. Electrical transport and NDR property on the cis-trans photo-isomerization of (1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate as an optical molecular switch; A DFT-NEGF study. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Electronic transport behavior of 2-amino-4,5-bis(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)furan-3-carbonitrile (a diarylethene) as optical molecular switch: a first-principles approach. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Ghosh S, Hossain MS, Chatterjee S, Rahaman SA, Bandyopadhyay S. Light-Gated Modulation of Electronic Mobility of a Dihydropyrene-Based Photochromic Coordination Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52983-52991. [PMID: 33185437 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced modulation of electronic conductance has been achieved by employing an AgI-based two-dimensional coordination polymer (CP) having pyridine-functionalized photochromic dimethyldihydropyrene-cyclophanediene (DHP-CPD) π-switch. Both the coordination polymer and the organic photochromic core were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The coordination polymer displayed an excellent conductance in the ON state of the switch in the closed form of DHP. Upon exposure to visible light, the π-switch in the CPD form loses its planarity, turning the switch OFF, which is reflected in the drastic reduction of the conductance. Exposure to UV light turns the switch back ON wherein the high electronic conductance of the polymer can be restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Munshi Sahid Hossain
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Sheelbhadra Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Sk Atiur Rahaman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Subhajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
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7
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Saima B, Khan N, Al-Faiyz YSS, Ludwig R, Rehman W, Habib-Ur-Rehman M, Sheikh NS, Ayub K. Photo-tunable linear and nonlinear optical response of cyclophanediene-dihydropyrene photoswitches. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 88:261-272. [PMID: 30780115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophanediene (CPD)-dihydropyrene (DHP) is a negative T-type photochrome pair having a thermodynamically stable colored form, i.e., DHP. Interconversion between cyclophanediene and dihydropyrene is associated with significant changes in dipole moment, absorption wavelength and polarizability, which can impart substantial linear and nonlinear optical response. In this study, phototunable linear and nonlinear optical response of cyclophanediene-dihdyropyrene photoswitches is described. Cyclophanedienes and dihydropyrenes are functionalized at the internal position for maximum changes in volume and polarizability. The UV-Vis spectra are calculated at ɷB97XD, which was validated through a benchmark approach. An excellent correlation is observed between theoretical and experimental absorption spectra. Several CPD-DHP pairs have been recognized for clean interconversion in UV-Vis light without formation of a photostationary state. Nonlinear optical response of dihydropyrenes is remarkably higher than that of cyclophanedienes. In general, the calculated hyperpolarizability values of dihydropyrenes are about two to three orders of magnitude higher than those for cyclophanedienes. The trends in calculated hyperpolarizabilities are rationalized through two level method. The high nonlinear optical response of dihydropyrenes stems from low excitation energies. The remarkable difference in hyperpolarizabilities of these isomeric forms paves path for the design of phototunable nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Saima
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Yasair S S Al-Faiyz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059, Rostock, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e, V. Alebert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mian Habib-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
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Vakili M, Sobhkhizi A, Darugar V, Kanaani A, Ajloo D. A first-principles study of aryloxyanthraquinone-based optical molecular switch. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Soganci T, Ak M, Giziroglu E, Söyleyici HC. Smart window application of a new hydrazide type SNS derivative. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24759d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article the smart window application of a new type of thienylpyrrole derivative is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Soganci
- Pamukkale University
- Faculty of Art and Science
- Chemistry Department
- Denizli
- Turkey
| | - Metin Ak
- Pamukkale University
- Faculty of Art and Science
- Chemistry Department
- Denizli
- Turkey
| | - Emrah Giziroglu
- Adnan Menderes University
- Faculty of Art and Science
- Chemistry Department
- Aydın
- Turkey
| | - Hakan Can Söyleyici
- Adnan Menderes University
- Faculty of Art and Science
- Chemistry Department
- Aydın
- Turkey
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10
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Towards thermally stable cyclophanediene-dihydropyrene photoswitches. J Mol Model 2015; 21:148. [PMID: 25986774 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophanediene dihydropyrenes (CPD-DHP) are photochromic compounds because they change their color by irradiation with lights of different color. Potential use of CPD-DHP photoswitch in memory devices requires a very slow thermal return in the dark in the absence of any side reaction. Herein, thermal return of CPDs to DHPs, and an unwanted sigmatropic shift in DHP is studied through density functional theory calculations at (U)B3LYP/6-31+G(d). The thermal return occurs through symmetry forbidden conrotatory electrocyclic reaction. Dimethyl amino CPD-DHP photoswitch pair has the highest activation barrier for electrocyclization and sigmatropic shifts. The lowest activation barrier for symmetry forbidden electrocyclization is observed for GeBr3 functionalized CPD. An unprecedented decomposition pathway involving elimination of the internal substituents is predicted for Cl, Br and SMe functionalized DHPs. This study shows great promise in understanding the Woodward Hoffmann forbidden processes and, in reducing the synthetic efforts toward robust photochromes for memory applications.
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Muratsugu S, Nishihara H. π-Conjugation modification of photochromic and redox-active dimethyldihydropyrene by phenyl- and ethynyl-terpyridines and Ru(bis-terpyridine) complexes. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Orgiu E, Samorì P. 25th anniversary article: organic electronics marries photochromism: generation of multifunctional interfaces, materials, and devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1827-1845. [PMID: 24554562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have garnered significant interest as key components for flexible, low-cost, and large-area electronics. Hitherto, both materials and processing thereof seems to head towards a mature technology which shall ultimately meet expectations and efforts built up over the past years. However, by its own organic electronics cannot compete or complement the silicon-based electronics in integrating multiple functions in a small area unless novel solutions are brought into play. Photochromic molecules are small organic molecules able to undergo reversible photochemical isomerization between (at least) two (meta)stable states which exhibit markedly different properties. They can be embedded as additional component in organic-based materials ready to be exploited in devices such as OLEDs, OFETs, and OLETs. The structurally controlled incorporation of photochromic molecules can be done at various interfaces of a device, including the electrode/semiconductor or dielectric/semiconductor interface, or even as a binary mixture in the active layer, in order to impart a light responsive nature to the device. This can be accomplished by modulating via a light stimulus fundamental physico-chemical properties such as charge injection and transport in the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Orgiu
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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13
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Tovar JD. Prospecting in Hückel-space: from hinokitiol to non-benzenoid organic electronics. CHEM REC 2013; 14:214-25. [PMID: 24357131 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street (NCB 316), Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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14
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Muratsugu S, Kishida M, Sakamoto R, Nishihara H. Comparative Study of Photochromic Ferrocene‐Conjugated Dimethyldihydropyrene Derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:17314-27. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Muratsugu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo‐cho, Chikusa‐Ku, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 52‐788‐6200
| | - Masa‐aki Kishida
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
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15
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Florea L, McKeon A, Diamond D, Benito-Lopez F. Spiropyran polymeric microcapillary coatings for photodetection of solvent polarity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2790-2797. [PMID: 23379723 DOI: 10.1021/la304985p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fused silica microcapillaries were functionalized with spiropyran-polymer brushes using surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Based on the inherited spiropyran properties, the functionalized capillaries were successfully used to photoidentify solvents of different polarity when passing through the microcapillary in continuous flow. In the present study, six different solvents (toluene, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol, and methanol) can be easily detected while passing through the modified microcapillary by simply irradiating a portion of it with UV light (365 nm). This converts the closed spiropyran moiety to the open merocyanine form, and as a consequence, the microcapillary gains a distinct color and spectral response depending on the polarity of the solvent. The rate of ring-opening of the spiropyran-polymer brushes coatings has been determined in situ in the presence of different solvents, showing that the coloration rate is also influenced by the solvent polarity and therefore can be used as an additional parameter for solvent sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Florea
- CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Dong H, Zhu H, Meng Q, Gong X, Hu W. Organic photoresponse materials and devices. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:1754-808. [PMID: 22158983 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic photoresponse materials and devices are critically important to organic optoelectronics and energy crises. The activities of photoresponse in organic materials can be summarized in three effects, photoconductive, photovoltaic and optical memory effects. Correspondingly, devices based on the three effects can be divided into (i) photoconductive devices such as photodetectors, photoreceptors, photoswitches and phototransistors, (ii) photovoltaic devices such as organic solar cells, and (iii) optical data storage devices. It is expected that this systematic analysis of photoresponse materials and devices could be a guide for the better understanding of structure-property relationships of organic materials and provide key clues for the fabrication of high performance organic optoelectronic devices, the integration of them in circuits and the application of them in renewable green energy strategies (critical review, 452 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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17
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18
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Dihydropyrene annelated with dihydrothieno[3.4-b]pyrazine: synthesis and photoswitching property. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Non-Traditional Aromatic Topologies and Biomimetic Assembly Motifs as Components of Functional Pi-Conjugated Oligomers. MATERIALS 2010. [PMCID: PMC5513467 DOI: 10.3390/ma3021269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article will highlight our recent work using conjugated oligomers as precursors to electroactive polymer films and self-assembling nanomaterials. One area of investigation has focused on nonbenzenoid aromaticity in the context of charge delocalization in conjugated polymers. In these studies, polymerizable pi-conjugated units were coupled onto unusual aromatic cores such as methano[10]annulene. This article will also show how biologically-inspired assembly of molecularly well-defined oligopeptides that flank pi-conjugated oligomers has resulted in the aqueous construction of 1-dimensional nanomaterials that encourage electronic delocalization among the pi-electron systems.
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Robinson SG, Sauro VA, Mitchell RH. Oligothiophene Functionalized Dimethyldihydropyrenes I: Syntheses and Photochromicity. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6592-605. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901070y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3V6
| | - Vittorio A. Sauro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3V6
| | - Reginald H. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3V6
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Robinson SG, Lonergan MC, Mitchell RH. Oligothiophene Functionalized Dimethyldihydropyrenes II: Electrochemical and Conductive Properties. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6606-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901071q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3V6
| | - Mark C. Lonergan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253
| | - Reginald H. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3V6
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22
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Gao J, Lai YH. Narrow bandgap and enhanced electroconductivity in a dihydropyrene–thiophene copolymer. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Gerasov AO, Shandura MP, Kovtun YP, Vlasenko YG, Gorchev VF. 1,3,2-(2H)-dioxaborine polymethine dyes on the base of dehydroacetic acid - effective fluorescent amine probes. J Heterocycl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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10a-(4-Biphenyl)-10b-methyl-10a,10b-dihydropyrene: a conformational study and ring current effect. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Peart PA, Repka LM, Tovar JD. Emerging Prospects for Unusual Aromaticity in Organic Electronic Materials: The Case for Methano[10]annulene. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Peart
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA, Fax: +1‐410‐516‐7044
| | - Lindsay M. Repka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA, Fax: +1‐410‐516‐7044
- Current address: Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - John D. Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA, Fax: +1‐410‐516‐7044
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26
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Zhao P, Fang CF, Xia CJ, Liu DS, Xie SJ. 15,16-Dinitrile DDP/CPD as a possible solid-state optical molecular switch. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Electronic structures and spectra of conducting anthracene derivatives. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2008. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0812187w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical studies on anthracene and a series of its derivatives were performed using the AM1 method and DFT. Based on B3LYP/6-31G(d) optimized geometries, the electronic, IR and NMR spectra of anthracene oligomers were calculated using the Indo/Cis, AM1 and B3LYP/6-31G(d) methods, respectively. The energy gaps of the oligomers decreased and the main absorptions in the electronic spectra of the oligomers were red-shifted, whereas the IR frequencies for some of the C=C and C-H bonds were blue-shifted with increasing chain length and in the presence of substituents. The 13C-NMR chemical shifts of the bridged carbon atoms were upfield shifted in the presence of an electron-donating group, while the chemical shifts of the carbon atoms on the two side rings of the anthracene moiety shifted downfield in the presence of an electron-withdrawing group.
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Peart PA, Tovar JD. Methano[10]annulene Revisited: Extended Delocalization through Conjugated Polymers Bearing Larger Hückel Aromatics. Org Lett 2007; 9:3041-4. [PMID: 17608485 DOI: 10.1021/ol071062y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of conjugated polymers derived from the two 10 pi electron circuits of naphthalene and methano[10]annulene is presented. The annulene pi topology allows for a greater degree of intrapolymer charge delocalization, a key structural parameter for enhancing the performance of organic semiconductors. Molecular design and synthesis based upon unusual aromatic cores will enable facile transport properties that would not ordinarily be realized under the 6 pi electron aromatic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Peart
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Boggio-Pasqua M, Bearpark MJ, Robb MA. Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of the Photochromism of Dimethyldihydropyrenes. J Org Chem 2007; 72:4497-503. [PMID: 17506581 DOI: 10.1021/jo070452v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism accounting for the photochromic properties of dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP)/metacyclophanediene (CPD) is proposed based on high-level CASSCF/CASPT2 ab initio calculations. The very low ring-opening quantum yield observed upon irradiation of DHP is explained by the quenching of the photoisomerization channel by internal conversion of the initially excited zwitterionic state to the lowest excited state minimum, where the system can fluoresce or decay back to the ground state via another internal conversion. On the other hand, irradiation of CPD leads to the formation of a biradical excited state minimum along the ring-closure reaction path. Internal conversion back to the ground state can then occur at a well-characterized conical intersection, leading to the DHP photoproduct. Thus, our results point unambiguously toward a stepwise mechanism involving the formation of a biradical intermediate on a singlet excited state. The fact that this intermediate does not correspond to the lowest excited state minimum is mainly responsible for the inefficiency of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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30
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Bossi ML, Turshatov AA, Zaitsev SY, Alfimov MV, Möbius D, Hell SW. Influence of monolayer state on spectroscopy and photoisomerization of an amphiphilic styryl-pyridinium dye on a solid substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:3699-705. [PMID: 17335255 DOI: 10.1021/la0630460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The spectroscopy and photochromic properties of transferred monolayers of the amphiphilic styryl-pyridinium dye 4-(3',4'-dimethoxystyryl)-N-octadecylpyridinium perchlorate (DMPOP) were studied at different conditions during their transfer. The emission maxima of the monolayers transferred from the air-water interface in the liquid-expanded phase are strongly dependent on the surface pressure applied during the transfer process, even at values when the area per molecule is 2-3 times larger than the area occupied by a chromophore. In monolayers transferred from the liquid-condensed phase, the presence of a different kind of aggregates was observed. The fluorescence emission properties of the monolayers can be reversibly modulated by photoinduced E-Z isomerization. A blue shift up to 72 nm in the emission maximum, depending on the transfer conditions of the films, can be obtained by irradiation with blue light, and partially recovered (a red shift of up to 26 nm) with UV radiation. The rate at which the first process (E-->Z) takes place is drastically reduced in monolayers transferred from the liquid-condensed phase as compared to those transferred from the liquid-expanded one. However, the rate of the reverse reaction (Z-->E) is not significantly altered. These properties make DMPOP a promising material for the preparation of Langmuir-Blodgett films, whose properties can be effectively controlled by the transfer conditions and subsequently optically modulated, for potential applications as photonics devices for data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano L Bossi
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37070 Göttingen, Germany.
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31
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Thompson BC, Abboud KA, Reynolds JR, Nakatani K, Audebert P. Electrochromic conjugated N-salicylidene-aniline (anil) functionalized pyrrole and 2,5-dithienylpyrrole-based polymers. NEW J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b504577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Wang F, Lai YH, Han MY. Stimuli-Responsive Conjugated Copolymers Having Electro-Active Azulene and Bithiophene Units in the Polymer Skeleton: Effect of Protonation and p-Doping on Conducting Properties. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035335q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuke Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Yee-Hing Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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33
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Hur Y, Lee M, Jin SH, Gal YS, Kim JH, Kim SH, Koh K. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopic comparison of spiroxazine monolayer and polymeric thin film. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Mitchell RH, Ward TR, Chen Y, Wang Y, Weerawarna SA, Dibble PW, Marsella MJ, Almutairi A, Wang ZQ. Synthesis and photochromic properties of molecules containing [e]-annelated dihydropyrenes. Two and three way pi-switches based on the dimethyldihydropyrene-metacyclophanediene valence isomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:2974-88. [PMID: 12617665 DOI: 10.1021/ja0288136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of several new simple negative, a simple positive, and multiple negative photochromes containing the dihydropyrene-cyclophanediene photochromic system are described. The photo-openings of the negative photochromes, the [e]-annelated benzo (7), naphtho (9), anthro (11), furano (19), and triphenyleno (15) derivatives of the parent 2,7-di-tert-butyl-trans-10b,10c-dimethyl-dihydropyrene (5), as well as its 4,5-dibromo derivative (13), are described to give the corresponding cyclophanedienes, as well as their photoclosures and thermal closures back to the dihydropyrenes. These are compared to the results obtained for the positive photochrome dibenzo[e,l]dihydropyrene (21) and to the bis(dihydropyreno)chrysene (44) and the (dihydropyrenobenzo)(benzo)metacyclophanediene (47) photochromes, which have more than one photochromic switch present and thus have more than a simple "on-off" state. Thermodynamic data are obtained for the thermal closing reactions. The anthrodihydropyrene (12) has the fastest thermal closing (tau(1/2) = 20 min), while the furanodihydropyrene (19') has the slowest (tau(1/2) = 63 h) at 46 degrees C. An electrochemical readout of the state of the switch is demonstrated for the benzodihydropyrene (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald H Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6.
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35
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Sheepwash MAL, Ward TR, Wang Y, Bandyopadhyay S, Mitchell RH, Bohne C. Mechanistic studies on the photochromism of [e]-annelated dimethyldihydropyrenes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2003; 2:104-12. [PMID: 12664969 DOI: 10.1039/b208952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry of several photochromic arene [e]-annelated dimethyldihydropyrenes (DHPs) was studied. These compounds have much larger photochemical ring opening quantum yields than the simple DHPs, making them potentially more useful as building blocks for photoswitchable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molina A L Sheepwash
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 3065, Victoria, B.C., Canada, V8W 3V6
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36
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Peters A, McDonald R, Branda NR. Regulating pi-conjugated pathways using a photochromic 1,2-dithienylcyclopentene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:2274-5. [PMID: 12398013 DOI: 10.1039/b205904e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Linear pi-conjugation is reversibly re-routed by irradiation of a photochromic bis(terthiophene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
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37
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Sheepwash MAL, Mitchell RH, Bohne C. Mechanistic insights into the photochromism of trans-10b,10c-dimethyl-10b,10c-dihydropyrene derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:4693-700. [PMID: 11971718 DOI: 10.1021/ja017229e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of dimethyldihydropyrene derivatives was studied to elucidate the photochemical mechanism associated with the switching between the dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP, closed) and metacyclophanediene (CPD, open) forms of the molecule. Quantum yields of ring opening and closure, fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, as well as laser flash photolysis studies were performed to establish the effect of substituents on the switching efficiency. Ring opening of the DHPs occurs from the first singlet excited state. The low quantum yields for the ring opening reaction observed (< or =0.042) are a consequence of the low rate constant (< or =1.7 x 10(7) s(-1)) for this process. The quantum yields for ring closure of the CPD were determined for select compounds and were of the order of 0.1-0.4. These results show that the efficiency for ring opening of this class of compounds is intrinsically low, but can be modulated to some extent by the introduction of substituents. These properties should be taken into account when considering what type of photoswitching devices DHPs might be useful for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molina A L Sheepwash
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6
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38
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Wong KT, Lu YR, Liao YL. Synthesis and properties of pyrimidine-containing linear molecules. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Kimball DB, Haley MM, Mitchell RH, Ward TR. Dehydrobenzoannulene-dimethyl-dihydropyrene hybrids: model systems for the synthesis of molecular aromatic probes. Org Lett 2001; 3:1709-11. [PMID: 11405692 DOI: 10.1021/ol015898r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of two novel dehydrobenzoannulene-dimethyldihydropyrene (DBA-DDP) hybrids has been achieved using a Pd/Cu cross-coupling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Kimball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA
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40
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Wong KT, Hsu CC. Control of the arrangement of dipolar orientation of pyrimidine inside the conjugated backbone. Org Lett 2001; 3:173-5. [PMID: 11430027 DOI: 10.1021/ol006877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[figure: see text] Linear molecules with different arrangement of dipolar pyrimidine moieties in the pi-conjugated backbone were synthesized by a Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. Significant reduction of the HOMO-LUMO energy band gap and improvement of fluorescence quantum yield were observed upon incorporating pyrimidine into the conjugated backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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